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CHS359 - Solution To Quiz 3

This document provides solutions to a quiz involving a third order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). It gives: 1) The analytical solution to the ODE using its characteristic roots and initial conditions. 2) Writes the ODE in state-space form with a 3D state vector. 3) Defines a MATLAB function for the ODE. 4) Provides a MATLAB script that numerically solves the ODE and compares the solution to the analytical one.

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Haitham Osman
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35 views2 pages

CHS359 - Solution To Quiz 3

This document provides solutions to a quiz involving a third order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). It gives: 1) The analytical solution to the ODE using its characteristic roots and initial conditions. 2) Writes the ODE in state-space form with a 3D state vector. 3) Defines a MATLAB function for the ODE. 4) Provides a MATLAB script that numerically solves the ODE and compares the solution to the analytical one.

Uploaded by

Haitham Osman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHS359 - Solution to Quiz 3

Consider a linear ODE given by


...
y (t) + 4y(t) + 30y(t) + 52y(t) = 0 (1)
with initial conditions y(0) = 2, y(0) = 13, y(0) = 0.
1. (10 points.) Find the analytical solution to (1) according to the given initial conditions
for t 0, by hand. The solution y(t) has the form
y(t) = C1 e1 t + C2 e2 t + C3 e3 t , t 0.
You may use MATLAB to solve for k , Ck for k = 1, 2, 3.

Solution. The auxillary equation of the ODE is


(3 + 42 + 30 + 52) = 0
We can find the roots of this equation using roots command by

>> s = roots([1 4 30 52])

s =

-1.0000 + 5.0000i
-1.0000 - 5.0000i
-2.0000

The three roots are 1 = 1 + 5j, 2 = 1 5i and 3 = 2. The solution has the
form
y(t) = C1 e1 t + C2 e2 t + C3 e3 t
where C1 , C2 , C3 can be found from the initial conditions. To this end, we need to find
the first and second derivatives of y(t).
y(t) = 1 C1 e1 t + 2 C2 e2 t + 3 C3 e3 t
y(t) = 21 C1 e1 t + 22 C2 e2 t + 23 C3 e3 t
Evaluate y(t), y(t), y(t) at t = 0 and then we have

y(0) C1 + C2 + C3 1 1 1 C1
y(0) = 1 C1 + 2 C2 + 3 C3 = 1 2 3 C2 .
y(0) 21 C1 + 22 C2 + 23 C3 21 22 23 C3
This is a linear equation Ax = b where x is the vector of C1 , C2 , C3 , so they can be
solved by

s = [-1+5*i -1-5*i -2];


A = [1 1 1;s ; s.^2]
b = [2 -13 0];
C = A\b

C =

0.5000 + 1.0000i
0.5000 - 1.0000i
1.0000 - 0.0000i

1
Therefore, C1 = 0.5 + j, C2 = 0.5 j, C3 = 1. The solution to ODE is

y(t) = (0.5 + j)et (cos 5t + j sin 5t) + (0.5 j)et (cos 5t j sin 5t) + e2t
= e2t + et (cos 5t 2 sin 5t)

2. (2 points.) Write the ODE (1) in a state-space form, x = f (x). What is the dimension
of x ?
Solution. The equation is a 3rd-order ODE, so we need 3 components in a state
[ ]T
variables. Define x = x1 x2 x3 and x1 = y, x2 = y, x3 = y. The state-space
equation is obtained by

x1 x2
x2 = x3 .
x3 4x3 30x2 52x1

3. (3 points.) Write the ODE description (the function f (x)) as a user-defined function
which returns a value of x at given values of t and x. The function format must be
[dx] = odequiz3(t,x). Save this file in D:\CHS359\idxxx.
Solution.

function dx = odequiz3(t,x)
dx = zeros(3,1);
dx(1) = x(2);
dx(2) = x(3);
dx(3) = -4*x(3)-30*x(2)-52*x(1);

4. (5 points.) Write a MATLAB script to compute a numerical solution of (1) using an


ODE solver such as ode45, from t = 0 to t = 10. Compare the graphs of the numerical
and analytical solutions in a single plot. Your codes must be written in run.m and the
file MUST be saved in D:\CHS359\idxxx
Solution. An example of codes in run.m is

[t,x] = ode45(@odequiz3,[0 10],[2 -13 0]);


y = exp(-2*t)+exp(-t).*(cos(5*t)-2*sin(5*t));
plot(t,x(:,1),t,y);

1.5

0.5 The graphs obtained from the numerical


and analytical solutions should aligned
0
perfectly as shown in the figure
0.5

1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10

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