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6.1 Dynamic Equilibrium 1718

i) A reversible reaction is one that proceeds in both the forward and backward directions. ii) Dynamic equilibrium is the state where the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal, so the concentrations of reactants and products stop changing over time. iii) The law of mass action states that for a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations is constant, defined by the equilibrium constant K.

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140 views13 pages

6.1 Dynamic Equilibrium 1718

i) A reversible reaction is one that proceeds in both the forward and backward directions. ii) Dynamic equilibrium is the state where the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal, so the concentrations of reactants and products stop changing over time. iii) The law of mass action states that for a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations is constant, defined by the equilibrium constant K.

Uploaded by

Ainaa Najwaa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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6.

0 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Explain the following terms:

i) Reversible reaction
6.1 Dynamic
Equilibrium ii) Dynamic equilibrium

iii) Law of mass action

State the characteristics of a


system in equilibrium

Explain the change of concentration of


reactants and products.
NON-REVERSIBLE REACTION

Non-reversible reactions
Chemical reaction proceed in only one
direction.

A+B C+D

Example:

C(s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)


REVERSIBLE REACTION
Reversible reaction

Reactions which take place in both forward and


reverse directions.
Most of the reactions are reversible reactions.
A+B C+D

Example:
CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Forward reaction : reaction proceed


from left to right

Backward / reverse : reaction


proceeds from right to left
A B
reactant Product

In a reversible reaction, initially the reaction


proceeds toward the formation of the products.

As soon as some product molecules formed,


the reverse process begins to take place.
Reactant molecules are formed from product
molecules.
Consider the following reversible reaction:

A B

The graph of the concentration of A and B against


time:

[B] [A] decrease with time


[B] increase with time
After time, t1, [A] and
[A] [B] remains unchanged
The system is in the
t1 state of equilibrium
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

The reaction is said to be in a state of dynamic


equilibrium when :
1. The concentration of reactant and product
stop changing (remain constant) over the time

2. The rate of forward reaction equals the rate of


reverse reaction

Ratefwd = Raterev

3. The reaction quotient (Q) equals the equilibrium


constant (K)
Will be discussed further in subtopic 6.2
Q =K
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
The equilibrium is a dynamic
equilibrium
Means that after t1, the
reaction did not stop
But, the forward and reverse
reaction occurring at the same
rate
t1 The [A] and [B] remain
constant ( no net change)
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

N2O4 2NO2

2NO2 N2O4

As N2O4 is consumed, the rate of the forward reaction decreases

As NO2 is formed, the rate of the reverse reaction increases


As the two rates become equal, an equilibrium state is attained
and there are no further changes in concentrations.
LAW OF MASS ACTION

Also known as law of chemical equilibrium.

The relationship between the chemical equation and the


expression of the equilibrium constant, k

The law of mass action states that for a reversible


reaction at equilibrium and a constant temperature, a
certain ratio of reactant and product concentrations
has a constant value, K (the equilibrium constant)
LAW OF MASS ACTION
Consider this general reaction equation;

aA + bB cC + dD

At equilibrium;
K = [ C ] c [ D ]d

[ A ] a [ B ]b

K = equilibrium constant
[ ] = concentration of reactants and products at equilibrium
a, b, c, and d = stoichiometric coefficients for the reacting
species A, B, C and D.
Although the concentrations may vary, as long as a
given reaction is at equilibrium and the temperature
does not change, the K remains constant.
CURVE OF CONCENTRATION AGAINST TIME
FOR REVERSIBLE REACTION

For a particular system and temperature, the same


equilibrium state is attained regardless of how the
reaction is run.

Example:

N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)


END OF SLIDE SHOW

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