Nutrigenomics Booklet

NATURE MEETS SCIENCE
Nutrigenomics
Methylation, Associated
Pathways and
Nutrient Support
for professional use
6 YEARS
AND COUNTING
Science Based Supplements for Health Professionals
E S T. 1 9 9 0
N ATURE MEETS SCIEN CE
Cytoplan celebrates 26 years in the field of food-based supplementation and from

the moment of conception to the present day we have promoted the philosophy
that nutrients are best delivered to the body "in the same form as food".
The philosophy and message of Cytoplan was founded on the simple logic that our
bodies are designed to eat food and utilise its components for the maintenance of
life. The ultimate goal of Cytoplan is to 'improve the health of the nation' by
supplying supplements in a bio-effective form for optimal absorption and utilisation.
SINCE 1990
KEY TO SYMBOLS
= Suitable for = Food StateTM = Tablets = Powder
Vegans
= Suitable for = Wholefood = Capsules
Vegetarians = Liquids
= Amount in
container
Nutrigenomics - Methylation, Associated
Pathways and Nutrient Support
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Subtle differences in our individual DNA, ie genetic variations or polymorphisms, can

affect gene function and our predisposition to different health and disease conditions.
A genetic variation is called a polymorphism when more than 1% of the population is
known to have that same genetic change. Polymorphisms can be very common and
some could be carried by up to 50% of the population most are a result of a single
nucleotide change and therefore referred to as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms or
SNPs (pronounced SNiPs).
Genes code for proteins (including enzymes) so mutations on genes (or SNPs) can
result in altered protein function. For example increased or decreased function of an
enzyme. Not all SNPs are clinically significant but some of those that are can be
supported, bypassed or the effects modified with nutritional or lifestyle interventions.
This is not to say that we should be looking at a clients SNPs and basing
recommendations purely on these we still need to consider each
individuals symptoms, medical history, family history, other SNPs and any
other functional test results when deciding what recommendations to make.
Some SNPs may not need support the person may be compensating for the SNP
through other pathways. For some people it may be sufficient to make dietary
improvements.
This leaflet is provided as an aide-memoire on which specific nutrients are relevant for bypassing or
supporting particular genetic mutations (or SNPs). However, the information provided here is
for information purposes only; it is not intended to diagnose or treat any medical condition.
Nor is it intended to provide supplement protocols. Supplements should not be recommended
according to individual SNPs but based on a detailed client history, current presenting symptoms
and health goals (and results of functional tests if appropriate). The information here has been
compiled from a number of sources and is accurate to the best of our knowledge, but may not be
comprehensive. New information is becoming available all the time and it is recommended you also
use the resources included in the Bibliography section and PubMed.
1
Table 1: Nutrients that bypass or support particular SNPs (see page 4 for
full name and brief description of function of these genes)
Nutrient May support or bypass following SNPs
Thiamin (B1) ADH1B, ALDH2, ALD3A2, PDH, SUOX
Riboflavin (B2) DAO, DMGDH, GSR, MAO, MTHFR, MTRR, NOS, PDH
Niacin (B3) AHCY, ALDH2, ALDH3A2, COMT, DHFR, GAD,

MAO, MTHFD1, MTRR, MTHFR, PDH
Pantothenic Acid AANAT, COMT

(Vitamin B5)
Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate CBS, COMT, CSAD, CTH, DDC, DAO, GAD1, HDC,

(B6) GST1, MAO, MTHFS, SHMT1
Adenosylcobalamin MMAB, MUT

(B12)
Hydroxycobalamin ACAT1, COMT, FUT2, GAD, MAO, MTR, MTRR,

(B12) SUOX, TCN2
Methylcobalamin ACAT1, FUT2, MTR, MTRR

(B12)
Methylfolate GNMT, MTHFR, MTR
Vitamin C DAO, DBH, GST1, MAO, MTHFR
Vitamin D3 VDR Taq
Magnesium COMT, GSS, MAT1, MAT2, MTHFD2, MTHFS,

MAO, NTSC, SOD
Zinc ADA, ADH1B, BHMT, CBS, CDO, MTR, SOD
2
Nutrient May support or bypass following SNPs
Iron CAT, CDO, eNOS, IDO1, MPO, PAH, SHMT, TH, TPH,
Haem all the CYP450s
Copper DBH, MPO, SOD
Selenium GPX3, GST1
Manganese SOD
Molybdenum SUOX
DHA BHMT, MTHFR
Phosphatidylcholine, BHMT, PEMT

lecithin
Choline bitartate BHMT, PEMT
Curcumin GST1
Supporting inflammation prior to methylation support
TMG BHMT
Milk Thistle GST1
Probiotics FUT2
3
Key to Table 1
Genes code for proteins which function as structural proteins or enzymes. The list
below gives the name of the genes shown in Table 1 and a brief description of the
function of the protein (enzyme) that they code for.
AANAT aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase - catalyses a step in the synthesis of

melatonin from serotonin. Thus it is a key regulator in circadian rhythm.
ACAT1 acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase - catalyses the reversible formation

of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Contributes to cholesterol
synthesis.
AHCY s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase enzyme in methylation cycle involved

in conversion of methionine to homocysteine (and SAM generation).
ADA adenosine deaminase - enzyme involved in purine metabolism, ie the

breakdown of adenosine in food and purine salvage in cells. Important for immune
function.
ADH1B alcohol dehydrogenase family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of

alcohol and other substrates including retinol. Catalyses the first step breaking down
ethanol to acetaldehyde.
ALDH2 aldehyde dehydrogenase - involved in the metabolism of alcohol. Breaks

down acetaldehyde to acetic acid. Numerous aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes
exist.
ALDH3A2 aldehyde dehydrogenase - involved in metabolism of alcohol,

specifically in the breakdown of aldehydes generated from alcohol metabolism and
lipid peroxidation. It also has an important role in catecholamine metabolism.
BHMT betaine homocysteine methyltransferase converts homocysteine to

methionine. Referred to as the short route in the methylation cycle. Mainly in the
liver and kidneys.
4
CBS cystathionine-beta-synthase. First step in the trans-sulfuration pathway that
converts homocysteine into glutathione. Other products from this pathway - taurine,
ammonia, sulphites.
CDO cysteine dioxygenase - initiates several important pathways related to

pyruvate.
COMT catechol-o-methyltransferase breaks down neurotransmitters eg

dopamine and other catechols eg food catechols and oestrogens.
CSAD cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase - enzyme involved in the synthesis of

taurine.
CTH cystathionine gamma-lyase. Second enzyme step in trans-sulfuration pathway.
DAO diamine oxidase - involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of

histamine within the digestive tract.
DBH dopamine -hydroxylase involved in synthesis of nor-adrenaline from

dopamine.
DDC dopa decarboxylase involved in the synthesis of dopamine from L-dopa

and serotonin from 5-HTP.
DHFR dihydrofolate reductase involved in folic acid cycle, converts dihydrofolate

into tetrahydrofolate.
DMGDH dimethylglycine dehydrogenase mitochondrial involved in the

demethylation of dimethylglycine to sarcosine. Sarcosine shares properties with both
glycine and serine.
FOLR folate receptor family genes within this family (eg FOLR1, FOLR2) code
for proteins that bind to folates/folic acid and mediate delivery into interior of cells.
Isolated folic acid can block these receptors.
5
GNMT glycine N-methyltransferase - involved in a multistep process that breaks
down the protein amino acid methionine. Specifically, glycine N-methyltransferase
starts a reaction that converts the compounds glycine and S-adenosylmethionine to
N-methylglycine and S-adenosylhomocysteine.
GPX3 glutathione peroxidase 3 encodes plasma glutathione peroxidise which

functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. GPX3 scavenges peroxides.
GSR glutathione reductase regenerates oxidised glutathione (ie glutathione

disulphide, GSSG) to reduced glutathione (ie the sulfhydryl form GSH).
GSS glutathione synthetase enzyme that catalyses the final step in production of
glutathione.
GST1 glutathione-s-transferase binds glutathione so that it can be used for

conjugation reactions eg in the detoxification of compounds such as carcinogens,
drugs etc. The enzyme occurs in a number of forms depending on its location in the
body and in the cell.
HDC histidine decarboxylase catalyses the biosynthesis of histamine from

histidine.
HNMT histamine N-methyltransferase present in most body tissues (not serum),

it inactivates histamine by N-methylation. It plays an important role in degrading
histamine.
MAO-A monamine oxidase-A assists in the breakdown of norepinephrine,

epinephrine, serotonin (and dopamine) and metabolism of tyramine.
MAO-B monoamine oxidase B assists in the breakdown on dopamine. Also

involved in histamine breakdown.
MMAB Cob(I)yrinic acide, a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase mitochondrial codes

for the enzyme that catalyses the final step in the conversion of vitamin B12 into
adenosylcobalamin, the mitochondrial form of B12.
6
MTHFD1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydogenase 1 catalyses 3 different steps
in folic acid cycle which produces 10-formyl-THF for purine synthesis and
5,10-methylene THF. The latter is then converted to active 5-MTHF by the MTHFR
enzyme.
MTR methionine synthase - enzyme involved in the conversion of homocysteine

to methionine.
MTRR methionine synthase reductase - works with MTR, regenerating B12.
MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme that is final step in

converting inactive folates (including folic acid) to active 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (or
methylfolate).
MTHFS 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase catalyses step in the folic acid

cycle.
MUT methylmalonyl CoA mutase mitochondrial enzyme that catalyses the

isomerisation of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, an intermediate in the citric
acid cycle. Succinyl CoA is important in the catabolism of some branched-chain
amino acids as well as odd-chain fatty acids.
NOS nitric oxide synthase family of enzymes involved in nitric oxide production.
Eg NOS3 or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces nitric oxide in the
vascular endothelium. Other forms of this enzyme produce nitric oxide in other parts
of the body.
PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyses the hydroxylation of the aromatic

side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine.
PDH - pyruvate dehydrogenase - is the first component enzyme of pyruvate

dehydrogenase complex which contributes to transforming pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle.
7
PEMT phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase helps to convert
phostphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Important eg for oestrogen
metabolism.
SHMT1 serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyses the reversible simultaneous

conversions of L-serine to glycine and tetrahydrofolate to 5,10
methylenetetrahydrofolate, providing 1 carbon units for synthesis of methionine,
thymidylate and purines.
SOD superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme.
SUOX sulfite oxidase helps to detoxify sulfites in the body. Sulfites are
generated as a byproduct of methylation cycle, as well as from sulphur containing
foods and preservatives.
TCN2 Transcobalamin 2 protein transports B12 from the blood-stream into

cells.
TH tyrosine hydroxylase first step in the pathway that produces catecholamines,

converting tyrosine to L-dopa.
VDR-Taq Vitamin D-3 receptor codes for a protein that is a member of the
vitamin D family of transcription factors.
8
A SELECTION OF PRODUCTS FROM OUR RANGE
A SELECTION OF PRODUCTS FROM OUR RANGE
9
Relevant Cytoplan Products
Cytoplan has a range of Wholefood and Food StateTM multiformulae containing
methylfolate at 100 g, 200 g or 400 g per dose including a pregnancy formula.
Our Family Formula multi contains 20 g methylfolate per tablet for those needing
to start low. Vitamin B12 is included as methylcobalamin or hydroxycobalamin and
vitamin B6 as P-5-P.
Alternatively, we have multiformulae containing folic acid from food. Folic acid from
food is not the same as isolated folic acid. It is a polyglutamate (not a
monoglutamate) and does not have the drawbacks that have been associated with
isolated folic acid.
10
Wholefood 50+
Natural plant based multivitamin and mineral formula containing a vegetable base,
including Brassica. Includes coenzyme Q10 for antioxidant support and beta-glucans
for immune support.
Improved 50+
2 capsules provide on average:
Active Nutrient Strength %NRV+
Beta carotene 3.0mg *
Vitamin D3 40.0g 800
Vitamin E 30.0mg 250
Vitamin C 200.0mg 250
Thiamin (B1) 20.0mg 1816
Riboflavin (B2) 20.0mg 1428
Niacin (B3) 16.0mg 100
Vitamin B6 (P5P) 10.0mg 714
Folic Acid 200.0g 100
as L-methylfolate
Vitamin B12 100.0g 2380
as methylcobalamin
Vitamin B12 100.0g 2380
as hydroxycobalamin
Biotin 100.0g 200
Pantothenic acid 50.0mg 834
Vitamin K2 (MK-7) 60.0g 80
Iron 2.0mg 14
Magnesium 30.0mg 8
Zinc 15.0mg 150
Iodine 150.0g 100
Boron 0.5mg *
Copper 1.0mg 100
Manganese 3.0mg 150
Selenium 150.0g 273
Chromium 160.0g 400
Molybdenum 90.0g 180
PABA 10.0mg *
Beta 1-3, 1-6 Glucan 100.0mg *
CoQ10 (ubiquinol) 80.0mg *
+NRV = Nutrient Reference Value
* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients: Capsule shell (vegetable cellulose); beta

1-3, 1-6 glucan, coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol); hydroponically
grown cruciferous vegetable (Brassica Juncea) providing: Alternative product codes: 3310, 3311,
zinc, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, chromium and
molybdenum; fruit & vegetable powder blend (carrot,
spirulina, alfalfa, artichoke leaf, beetroot, acai berry,
3337, 4076, 4077, 4077, 4091, 4110,
acerola) incorporating: vitamin C; vitamin E; pantothenic
acid; niacin; beta carotene; PABA; thiamin; P5P; vitamin 4111, 4116, 4117, 4105
D3; riboflavin; vitamin K2 (MK-7); methylcobalamin;
hydroxycobalamin; folic acid as L-methylfolate, biotin,
magnesium citrate, boron and iodine.
11
Niacin
Food StateTM, non-flushing form of niacin.
Niacin
1 tablet provides on average:

Niacinamide (B3) 50.0mg 312
Ingredients: Inactive Lactobacillus bulgaricus combined

with niacin, vegetable stearic acid. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
is a friendly bacterial inhabitant of the GI tract. It is an
effective and totally non allergenic carrier for nutrients.
Suggested Intake:
1 tablet daily, or take as directed by a practitioner.
Suitable for: Vegetarians, vegans and for people with

Candida and yeast sensitivities.
Contraindications: None.
Non-Active Ingredients: Vegetable stearic acid.
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, starch, gluten, yeast, soy, dairy, added sugars,
colourings, flavourings & preservatives.
Storage: Keep cool, dry & out of direct sunlight.
12
P5P Extra
Food StateTM B complex formula, without methylfolate.
P5P Extra
1 tablet provides on average
Vitamin C 10.0mg 12.5

Thiamin (B1) 25.0mg 2273
Riboflavin (B2) 25.0mg 1786
Vitamin B6 (as P5P) 25.0mg 1786
Food StateTM Vitamin
50.0g 2000
B12
Pantothenic acid 50.0mg 833
Chromium 10.0g 25
Also contains: Magnesium and Zinc
Ingredients: Inactive Lactobacillus bulgaricus

combined with riboflavin, pyridoxal 5 phosphate (vitamin
B6), thiamin, pantothenic acid, Food StateTM vitamin B12
and chromium III chloride; vegetable stearic acid; vitamin
C incorporated in citrus pulp, tablet coating (vegetable
cellulose, glycerine). Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a friendly
bacterial inhabitant of the GI tract. It is an effective and
totally non allergenic carrier for nutrients.
Suggested Intake:
1 tablet daily, or take as directed by a practitioner. May
make urine turn bright orange because of high B2 levels.
This is nothing to be concerned about.

Contraindications:
Long-term intakes of 10mg or more of vitamin B6 may
lead to mild tingling and numbness
Non-Active Ingredients: Vegetable stearic acid,

tablet coating (vegetable cellulose, glycerine).
Non GM & Free From:


Alternative product code: 4019
13
Pantothenic Acid
Food StateTM combined in a base of inactive Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
Pantothenic Acid
Pantothenic Acid (B5) 50.0mg 833
Ingredients: Inactive Lactobacillus bulgaricus combined

with pantothenic acid; vegetable stearic acid; silicon
dioxide. Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a friendly bacterial
inhabitant of the GI tract. It is an effective and totally non
allergenic carrier for nutrients.
Suggested Intake:

Non-Active Ingredients:
Vegetable stearic acid. silicon dioxide.
Non GM & Free From:

14
Methylfolate 400 mcg
Folic acid as methylfolate in a wholefood alfalfa base. Methylfolate is an active form of
folate that can be used in the methylation cycle without further conversion.
L-Methylfolate
1 capsule provides on average:
L-methylfolate (Folic Acid) 400.0g 200

Ingredients: Capsule shell (vegetable cellulose),

L-methylfolate combined with alfalfa.
Suggested Intake: 1 capsule daily, or take as directed

by a practitioner.

Capsule shell (vegetable cellulose).
Non GM & Free From:

15
Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin
An active form of vitamin B12, provided in sublingual tablet form. This form may be
indicated to provide methyl groups; for people who do not recycle B12 effectively;
where an active form is needed eg if it is suspected there are conversion issues from
the inactive form (ie hydroxycobalamin).
New improved will be available later in 2016 containing 500 g of each of

adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 500.0g 20,000
as methylcobalamin
Ingredients: Dextrose, microcrystalline cellulose,

vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin); vegetable stearic acid,
crosscarmellose sodium.
Suggested Intake:
Place 1 tablet daily under the tongue until it is dissolved
completely, or take as directed by a practitioner.

Non-Active Ingredients: Dextrose, microcrystalline

cellulose, vegetable stearic acid, crosscarmellose sodium
Non GM & Free From:

16
Vitamin B12 Hydroxycobalamin
An inactive form of vitamin B12, provided in sublingual tablet form.
Hydroxycobalamin can be converted to methylcobalamin (the cytosolic form) or
adenyosylcobalamin (the mitochondrial form) as needed. This form may be indicated
to start supplementation of B12 if there is also a folate deficiency; as a scavenger of
nitric oxide, an essential muscle regulator that can also act as a free radical in excess;
and for people who do not tolerate methyl groups.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 1mg 40,000
as hydroxycobalamin
Ingredients: Dextrose, microcrystalline cellulose,

vitamin B12 (as hydroxycobalamin); vegetable stearic acid,
crosscarmellose sodium.
Suggested Intake:
Place 1 tablet daily under the tongue until it is dissolved
completely, or take as directed by a practitioner.

Non-Active Ingredients: Dextrose, microcrystalline

cellulose, vegetable stearic acid, crosscarmellose sodium
Non GM & Free From:

17
Wholefood Cherry C
A wholefood source of vitamin C from powdered acerola cherry. Acerola contains a
whole array of bioflavonoids. Gentle so can be taken on an empty stomach.
Wholefood Cherry-C
Whole Acerola Cherry 800.0mg *
Powder
providing Vitamin C 200.0mg 250

* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients:
Whole acerola cherry powder providing naturally-
occurring bioflavonoids, capsule shell (vegetable
cellulose).
Suggested Intake:
1-2 capsules daily, or take as directed by a practitioner.

Vegetable cellulose (capsule shell)
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, starch, gluten, dairy, added sugars, colourings,
flavourings & preservatives.
Alternative product codes: 1041, 1044, 1045,

1902, 1903, 4043, 4046
18
Vitamin D3 Vegan (2,500 iu)
Vegan Vitamin D from lichen. Vitamin D3 is the most bioavailable form of this
nutrient.
Vitamin D3 - Vegan
Vitamin D3 62.5g (2500i.u.) 1250
Ingredients:
Maltodextrin, vegan vitamin D3 preparation from lichen
(starch, sucrose, silicon dioxide, d-alpha tocopherol,
ascorbyl palmitate, cholecalciferol), stearic acid.
Suggested Intake:
Suitable for: Vegans and Vegetarians and for people

with Candida and yeast sensitivities.
Maltodextrin, starch, sucrose, silicon dioxide, d-alpha
tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, stearic acid.
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, gluten, yeast; lactose; dairy, colours, flavours and
preservatives.
Storage: Keep cool, dry and out of direct sunlight.
Alternative product code: 3324
19
BioFood Magnesium
Food StateTM magnesium combined in a food base of inactive Lactobacillus bulgaricus
to provide an organic matrix form of magnesium.
Biofood Magnesium
Magnesium 100.0mg 27
Ingredients:
Magnesium citrate combined in inactive
Lactobacillus bulgaricus microcrystalline cellulose,
vegetable stearic acid, tablet coating (vegetable
cellulose, glycerine). Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a
friendly bacterial inhabitant of the GI tract. It is
an effective and totally non allergenic carrier for
nutrients.
Suggested Intake:
1-2 tablets daily, or take as directed by a
practitioner.
Suitable for: Vegetarians, vegans and for people

with Candida and yeast sensitivities.
Non-Active Ingredients: Microcrystalline

cellulose, vegetable stearic acid, tablet coating
(vegetable cellulose, glycerine).
Non GM & Free From:

Yeast, wheat; starch, gluten, dairy, added sugars,
Alternative product: 2091
20
Wholefood zinc
Wholefood zinc is made from minrerals that have been hydroponically grown into a
cruciferous vegetable that is a member of the Brassica family.
Wholefood Zinc
Zinc 7.5mg 75
Ingredients:
Hydroponically-grown cruciferous vegetable (Brassica
juncea) providing zinc, capsule shell (vegetable cellulose).
Suggested Intake:
Suitable for: Vegetarians and vegans and for people with

Non GM & Free From:

Yeast, wheat; starch, gluten, dairy, added sugars,
21
Wholefood iron
Wholefood iron is made from minerals that have been hydroponically grown into a
cruciferous vegetable that is a member of the Brassica family.
Wholefood Iron
Iron 5.0mg 36
Ingredients: Hydroponically-grown cruciferous vegetable

(Brassica Juncea) providing Iron, capsule shell (vegetable
cellulose).
Suggested Intake: 1-3 capsules daily, or take as directed

by a practitioner.
Suitable for: Vegetarians and vegans and for people with

Contraindications:
It is not recommended that men and post-menopausal
women supplement with iron unless recommended to do
so by a doctor or practitioner. Iron, if taken in excess, may
be harmful to very young children.
Capsule shell, (vegetable cellulose).
Non GM & Free From:

22
Food StateTM selenium
Food StateTM selenium is a natural, organic form of the mineral that has been
incorporated into a yeast base. Selenium yeast has been documented by the
European Food Safety Authority as being the safest and most bioeffective form of
yeast.
Food StateTM Selenium 100g

Selenium 100.0g 182
Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, mineral-

enhanced yeast providing selenium, vegetable stearic acid,
silicon dioxide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Suggested Intake:

Microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable stearic acid, silicon
dioxide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, starch, gluten, soy, dairy, added sugars, colourings,
23
Omega-3 Vegan
Derived from the plant marine algae Schizochytrium sp grown in a controlled
environment, eliminating the risk of oceanic contamination. Contains a high DHA :
EPA ratio.
Omega 3 Vegan
2 capsules provides on average:
Active Nutrient Strength
Vegan Omega 3 500.0mg
Which provides
EPA 166.0mg
DHA 334.0mg
Ingredients:
Schizochytrium sp. from marine algae providing DHA
& EPA, soft gel capsule (modified cornstarch, glycerol)
tocopherol (antioxidant), sunflower oil, ascorbyl palmitate.
Suggested Intake:
Suitable for: Vegetarians, vegans, and for people with
Contraindications: If there is any deficiency of the liver,
or if you are on antithrombotic drugs (e.g. Warfarin or
Heparin), please consult a doctor first and take no more
than 1 capsule per day.
Non-Active Ingredients: Soft gel capsule (modified
cornstarch, glycerol) tocopherol (antioxidant), sunflower
oil, ascorbyl palmitate.
Non GM & Free From:
Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, dairy, added sugars, colourings,
Alternative products codes: 1155, 1160,

1161, 1163, 1215
24
Evening primrose oil
Cold pressed evening primrose oil containing 10% GLA.
Evening Primrose Oil

Evening Primrose Oil 500.0mg *

Low in saturated
fatty acids.
Contains 10% GLA.

* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients:
Evening primrose oil, capsule shell (vegetable gelatine)
glycerol, glycerine and pure water.
Suggested Intake:
1-2 capsules daily or take as directed by a practitioner.

Contraindications:
Consult your doctor before using if you suffer from
epilepsy and are on medication for it.
Capsule shell (potato starch, glycerol, sorbitol syrup,
eucheuma seaweed, mono-diglycerides of edible fatty
acids, antioxidant (tocopherol-rich extract).
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, starch, gluten, yeast, dairy, added sugars,
25
Golden Phospholec
Super strength golden lecithin granules that are GMO free, with no additives or
artificial ingredients. Contains a phosphatidyl choline level of 30-35%.
Phospholec
per 3g dose
Average Values per 3g
Energy (kj) 111
(Kcal) 27
Protein (g) 0.003g
Carbohydrate (g) 0.24g
Of which:
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides 0.12g
Polysaccharides 0.12g
Total Fat (g) 2.73g
Total Fatty Acids (g) 1.5g
Of which:
- saturates 0.345g
- monounsaturates 0.135g
- polyunsaturates 1.02g
Phospholipids (g) 2.1g
Of which:
- Phosphatidyl Choline (g) 0.99g
- Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine (g) 0.45g
- Phosphatidyl Inositol (g) 0.48g
- Phosphatidic Acid (g) 0.18g
Cholesterol Nil
Fibre Nil
Sodium Trace
Ingredients: High potency soya lecithin granules
Suggested Intake: 1-2 level teaspoons (3-6g) twice

daily, or as recommended by a practitioner.

Contraindications: Not suitable for people with soy
sensitivities.
Non-Active Ingredients: None.
Non GM & Free From:

26
Choline bitartate
Choline bitartrate is a gentle and bio-available form of choline, suitable for those with
impaired liver function.
Choline Bitartrate Powder

1 level teaspoon provides on average:
Choline Bitartrate 3.6g *
Elemental Choline 1.8g *
* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients: Soluble Choline Bitartrate powder.
Suggested Intake: 1/2 to 1 level teaspoon twice daily

with meals, or take as directed by a practitioner.

Non-Active Ingredients: None.
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, dairy, added sugars, colourings,
27
Phyte-Inflam
Curumin, gingerols and piperine. Piperine enhances the activity and bioavailability of
both curcumin and gingerols.
Phyte-Inflam
Curcumin 250.0mg *
(95% curcuminoids)
Ginger root 150.0mg *

(5% gingerols)
Piperine 2.5mg *
* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients: Curcumin, ginger root, capsule shell

(vegetable cellulose), piperine.
Suggested Intake: 1-2 capsules daily with food, or take

as directed by a practitioner.

Contraindications: Pregnant and lactating women and

people on medication should consult a qualified health
professional before using this product.
Capsule shell (Vegetable cellulose).
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, starch, gluten, yeast, soy, dairy,added sugars,
colours, flavours & preservatives.
28
Methyl Factors
Methyl Factors has been developed to support those who need extra methyl donor
nutrients to support methylation. Methyl factors can be taken alongside one of our
regular multiformulae products.
Methyl Factors
Trimethylglycine (TMG - Betaine) 500.0mg *

Riboflavin 3.0mg 214
Vitamin B6
15.0mg 1071
(as Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate)
Folic Acid 800.0g 400
(as L-Methylfolate)
Vitamin B12 1000.0g 40000
(as Methylcobalamin)
Zinc 5.0mg 50
* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients: Trimethylglycine (TMG, also known as

Betaine), microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate,
vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, vitamin B6 as pyridoxal
5 phosphate, vegetable stearic acid, zinc citrate, tablet
coating (vegetable cellulose), silicon dioxide, riboflavin,
folic acid as L-methylfolate.
Suggested Intake: 1 tablet daily with food, or take as

directed by a practitioner.

Non-Active Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose,

dicalcium phosphate, vegetable stearic acid, tablet coating
(vegetable cellulose), silicon dioxide.
Non GM & Free From:

Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, dairy, added sugar, colourings,
flavourings, preservatives.
29
Milk thistle
Whole herb in a powdered form.
Milk Thistle
Milk Thistle powder 400.0mg *
* Indicates no NRV
Ingredients:
Milk thistle powder; capsule shell (vegetable cellulose).
Suggested Intake: 2 capsules daily with food or take as

directed by a practitioner.

Non GM & Free From:

30
Fos-A-Dophilus
Contains 6 active strains of live bacteria and is particularly high in Bifidobacteria
species which tend to be less easily regenerated with age.
Fos-a-dophilus
Active Ingredient Strength
Inulin (fructo-oligosaccharides) 250.0mg

plus 4 billion live* bacteria:
Lactobacillus rhamnosus 55%
Bifidobacterium bifidum 10%
Bifidobacterium breve 10%
Bifidobacterium infantis 10%
Bifidobacterium longum 10%
Lactobacillus acidophilus 5%
Ingredients: Inulin (fructo-oligosaccharide),

maltodextrin, capsule shell: (vegetable
cellulose), dehydrated lactic acid bacteria
culture (Lactobacillus rhamnosus,
Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium
breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium
longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus),
antioxidant (ascorbic acid). *Live viable
dehydrated bacteria.
Suggested Intake:
1-2 capsules daily, ideally taken 1-2 hours after
eating, or take as directed by a practitioner.
Suitable for: Vegetarians, vegans and for
people with Candida, yeast and lactose
sensitivities.
Capsule shell (vegetable cellulose), ascorbic
acid.
Non GM & Free From:
Wheat, starch, gluten, yeast, dairy, added
sugars, colourings, flavourings & preservatives.
Storage:
Keep cool, dry & out of direct sunlight. No
need to refrigerate. Use within two months
of opening. Alternative product codes: 4141 3220, 1269
31
Bibliography
Banerjee R V & Matthews R G (1990) Cobalamin dependent methionine synthase.

FASEB J, 4, 5, 1450-9.
Bastos P et al (2014) Effect of a natural mineral-rich water on

catechol-o-methyltransferase function. Magnes Res, 27, 3, 131-141.
Bonnefil V et al (1981) Effect of riboflavin on monoamine oxidase activity in

cultured neuroblastoma cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 1, 4, 351-9.
Fleming J V et al (2004) Mapping of catalytically important residues in the rat

L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme using bioinformatics and site-directed mutagenesis
approaches. Biochem J, 15, 379, 253-61.
Garca-Minguilln C J et al (2014) Riboflavin status modifies the effects of

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase
(MTRR) polymorphisms on homocysteine. Genes Nutr, 9, 6, 435.
Gene Cards - http://www.genecards.org/
Heartfixer.com - http://heartfixer.com/AMRI-Nutrigenomics.htm
Lynch Ben - Pathway Planner. Available from Seeking Health Educational Institute
https://seekinghealth.org/product-category/product/pathway-planners/
Martner-Hewes P M et al (1986) Vitamin B6 nurtriture and plasma diamine

oxidase activity in pregnant Hispanic teenagers. Am J Clin Nutr, 44, 6, 907-13.
Mitchell E S et al (2014) - B vitamin polymorphisms and behaviour: Evidence of

associations with neurodevelopment, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and
cognitive decline. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 47, 307-20.
32
Bibliography
Shibuya Y et al (2015) ACAT1 / SOAT1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimers

disease. Future Med Chem, 7, 18, 2451-67.
SNPedia - http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/SNPedia
Smith C ( 2015) SNPBit Compendium I Overviews, Culled Research, Pathway

Drawings and Our Two Cents. Available from: www.mthfrsupport.net.
White H L (1981) Glutamate as a precursor of GABA in rat brain and peripheral

tissues. Mol Cell Biochem, 39, 253-9.
Yasko Methylation pathway Available from:

http://www.dramyyasko.com/diagrams-listing/
Yasko A (2014) Autism Pathways to Health. A guide to using nutrigenomics to

optimise health. Available from:
https://www.knowyourgenetics.com/media/pdf/Autism%20Pathways%20to%20Recov
ery%20Workbook.pdf
Cytoplan Limited, Unit 8, Hanley Workshops, Hanley
www.cyto plan
33
Copy rig ht Cyto plan Lim ite
N AT U R E M E E T S SCIE N CE
THIS LEAFLET IS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Cytoplan Limited, Unit 8, Hanley Workshops, Hanley Swan, Worcestershire WR8 0DX
Telephone: 01684 310099 Email: [email protected]
www.c y to p la n.co.uk
Science Based Supplements

Copyright Cyto plan Lim ited 2016

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What is the company's philosophy regarding nutrient delivery?

What is the company's philosophy regarding nutrient delivery?

What are SNPs and how can they affect health?

What are SNPs and how can they affect health?

NATURE MEETS SCIENCE

Cytoplan celebrates 26 years in the field of food-based supplementation and from

Subtle differences in our individual DNA, ie genetic variations or polymorphisms, can

Nutrient May support or bypass following SNPs

Thiamin (B1) ADH1B, ALDH2, ALD3A2, PDH, SUOX

Niacin (B3) AHCY, ALDH2, ALDH3A2, COMT, DHFR, GAD,

Pantothenic Acid AANAT, COMT

Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate CBS, COMT, CSAD, CTH, DDC, DAO, GAD1, HDC,

Adenosylcobalamin MMAB, MUT

Hydroxycobalamin ACAT1, COMT, FUT2, GAD, MAO, MTR, MTRR,

Methylcobalamin ACAT1, FUT2, MTR, MTRR

Methylfolate GNMT, MTHFR, MTR

Vitamin C DAO, DBH, GST1, MAO, MTHFR

Vitamin D3 VDR Taq

Magnesium COMT, GSS, MAT1, MAT2, MTHFD2, MTHFS,

Zinc ADA, ADH1B, BHMT, CBS, CDO, MTR, SOD

Copper DBH, MPO, SOD

Selenium GPX3, GST1

DHA BHMT, MTHFR

Phosphatidylcholine, BHMT, PEMT

Choline bitartate BHMT, PEMT

Milk Thistle GST1

AANAT aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase - catalyses a step in the synthesis of

ACAT1 acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase - catalyses the reversible formation

AHCY s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase enzyme in methylation cycle involved

ADA adenosine deaminase - enzyme involved in purine metabolism, ie the

ADH1B alcohol dehydrogenase family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of

ALDH2 aldehyde dehydrogenase - involved in the metabolism of alcohol. Breaks

ALDH3A2 aldehyde dehydrogenase - involved in metabolism of alcohol,

BHMT betaine homocysteine methyltransferase converts homocysteine to

CDO cysteine dioxygenase - initiates several important pathways related to

COMT catechol-o-methyltransferase breaks down neurotransmitters eg

CSAD cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase - enzyme involved in the synthesis of

CTH cystathionine gamma-lyase. Second enzyme step in trans-sulfuration pathway.

DAO diamine oxidase - involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of

DBH dopamine -hydroxylase involved in synthesis of nor-adrenaline from

DDC dopa decarboxylase involved in the synthesis of dopamine from L-dopa

DHFR dihydrofolate reductase involved in folic acid cycle, converts dihydrofolate

DMGDH dimethylglycine dehydrogenase mitochondrial involved in the

GPX3 glutathione peroxidase 3 encodes plasma glutathione peroxidise which

GSR glutathione reductase regenerates oxidised glutathione (ie glutathione

GST1 glutathione-s-transferase binds glutathione so that it can be used for

HDC histidine decarboxylase catalyses the biosynthesis of histamine from

HNMT histamine N-methyltransferase present in most body tissues (not serum),

MAO-A monamine oxidase-A assists in the breakdown of norepinephrine,

MAO-B monoamine oxidase B assists in the breakdown on dopamine. Also

MMAB Cob(I)yrinic acide, a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase mitochondrial codes

MTR methionine synthase - enzyme involved in the conversion of homocysteine

MTRR methionine synthase reductase - works with MTR, regenerating B12.

MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme that is final step in

MTHFS 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase catalyses step in the folic acid

MUT methylmalonyl CoA mutase mitochondrial enzyme that catalyses the

PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyses the hydroxylation of the aromatic

PDH - pyruvate dehydrogenase - is the first component enzyme of pyruvate

SHMT1 serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyses the reversible simultaneous

SOD superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme.