arcstudio

CENTER FOR ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE

SITE PLANNING
EACH OCCUPANCY TOPICS
All occupancy
Site planning
Space programming
Architectural interiors
Construction methods and materiality
Structural conceptualization
LOW RISE RESIDENTIAL
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN PROCESS

problem Project brief

goals Project objectives

Influencing factors Design considerations

criteria Programming

studies Design schematics

answer Design solution

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Aesthetics form and composition

Natural Environment natural site considerations

Man-made Environment ingress/ egress, traffic, landscaping

Spatial function and zoning, accessibility, proxemics

psychology, anthropometrics & ergonomics,

Human Determinants
culture, colors, religious beliefs

Building Technology structural, electrical, sanitary, mechanical

special building systems

Local Regulations land use, codes, laws, ordinances

LAWS/CODE
Start considering the laws/code at the onset of the project
KNOW THE LAW/CODE

Ignorantia Legis Nun

Excusat
Ignorance of the laws exempts no
one from abiding thereto

( Article 3 of the Civil Code of the Philippines )

DESIGN STANDARDS
P.D 957
Subject P.D 1096 P.D 1185 Subdivision & B.P 220 B.P 220 B.P 344
Building Code Fire Code Condominium Economic Socialized Accessibilit
Law Housing Housing y Law
Residential
Requirement
s
Corner Lot Maximum of N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
90% of the lot
Inside Lot Maximum of N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
80% of the lot
At least 250 mm N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Foundation thick, 600 mm
below ground
surface

Occupant Load 18.6 sq. m/ N/A 18.6 sq. m/ No. of units No. of units N/A
person person Multiplied by 6 Multiplied by 6
Live Load @ 1st At least 200 kg. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
floor / sq. .m
Live Load @ At least 150 kg. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
2nd floor / sq. m
Stair Width At least 750 mm N/A 1.10 m 600 mm 600 mm
Stair Riser Max. of 200 mm N/A 200 mm 200 mm 200 mm
Stair Tread At least 200 mm N/A 250 mm 250 mm 250 mm
Refer to N/A
Entrance & Exit At least 1 Fire Code At least 1 At least 1 At least 1
entrance & 1 Specificatio entrance & 1 entrance & 1 entrance & 1
exit ns (Too exit exit exit
many to
tabulate)
LIGHT & VENTILATION
Light &
Ventilation
Min. dimension 2.00 m N/A 1.50 m 2.00 m 2.00 m N/A
of court
Passageway At least 1.20 m N/A At least 1.20 m At least 1.20 m At least 1.20 m N/A
from Inner Court
Min. Ht. 1.00 m above the N/A 1.00 m above the 1.00 m above the 1.00 m above the N/A
Clearance from roof roof roof roof
Firewall
Headroom 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m N/A
Clearance
Min. Ceiling Ht. 2.40 m Artificial 2.40 m Artificial
for Habitable Ventilation 2.30 m Ventilation 2.40 m 2.40 m N/A
Rooms 2.70 m Natural 2.70 m Natural
Ventilation Ventilation

Min. Ceiling Ht. 2.70 m 1st Storey 2.30 m 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m N/A
for Buildings 2.40 m 2nd 2.13 m 1.80 m - 1.80 m - 1.80 m -
Storey Mezzanine Mezzanine Mezzanine
2.10 m
Succeeding
Storeys
1.80 m
Mezzanine

Sum of Areas of Less than 50% of N/A Less than 50% of Less than 25% of Less than 25% of N/A
Openings in any total area of the total area of the total area of the total area of the
Storey wall on that storey wall on that storey wall on that storey wall on that storey

Window At least 10% of the N/A At least 10% of At least 10% of At least 10% of N/A
Openings floor area the floor area the floor area the floor area
Eaves over At least 750 mm N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
required
windows
DESIGN STANDARDS
P.D 957
Size/ P.D 1096 P.D Subdivision B.P 220 B.P 220 B.P 344
Dimension Building 1185 & Economic Socialized Accessib
of Rooms Code Fire Condominiu Housing Housing ility Law
Code m Law

Rooms for 6.00 sq. m N/A 18 sq. m for N/A N/A N/A
Human w/ min. studio unit
Habitation dimension of
2.00 m
Kitchens 3.00 sq. m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
w/ min
dimension of
1.50 m
Toilet & 1.20 sq. m N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.25 sq.
Bath w/ min. m
dimension of
0.90 m
FIRE EXIT REQUIREMENT
Exits
Occupant Load At least 1 exit At least 2 exits At least 1 exit At least 1 exit At least 1 exit N/A
of less than 10

Occupant Load At least 2 exits N/A At least 2 exits N/A N/A N/A
of 10-499
Occupant load At least 3 exits N/A At least 3 exits N/A N/A N/A
of 500-999
Occupant Load At least 4 exits N/A At least 4 exits N/A N/A N/A
of 1000-above
Distance to exits
without Sprinkle Max. of 45 m Max. of 46 m Max. of 45 m Max. of 45 m Max. of 45 m N/A
System

Distance to exits
with Sprinkle Max. of 60 m Max. of 61 m Max. of 60 m Max. of 60 m Max. of 60 m N/A
System

Min. exit door 700 mm 710 mm 700 mm 800 mm 800 mm N/A

width
Min. exit door 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m N/A
height
Min. corridor 1.10 m 550 mm 1.10 m 1.20 m 1.20 m 1.20 m
width
Max. slope of 1:8 N/A 1:8 1:8 1:8
passageway
Dead ends Max. of 6.00 m Max. of 6.00 Max. of 12.00 Max. of 12.00 m Max. of 12.00 m N/A
m m
STAIRWAY REQUIREMENT
P.D 957
Stairways for P.D 1096 P.D 1185 Subdivision & B.P 220 B.P 220 B.P 344
Buildings Building Code Fire Code Condominium Economic Socialized Accessibility
Law Housing Housing Law
Min. stair width: 750 mm N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Occupant load
of 10-below
Min. stair width: 900 mm N/A 900 mm 900 mm 900 mm N/A
Occupant load
of 10-50
Min. stair width: 1.10 m N/A 1.10 m 1.00 m 1.00 m N/A
Occupant load
of 50 - above
Riser 200 mm 190 mm class 200 mm 200 mm 200 mm N/A
A
200 mm class
B
Tread 250 mm 250 mm class 250 mm 250 mm 250 mm N/A
A
230 mm class
B
Min. width 1.10 m 1.12 m 1.10 m 600 mm 600 mm N/A
Distance bet. 3.60 m 2.75 m class A 3.60 m 3.60 m 3.60 m N/A
Landings 3.70 m class B
Dimension of Equal to the width 1.12 m Equal to the Equal to the width Equal to the N/A
Landings in the of the stairway width of the of the stairway width of the
direction of stairway stairway
travel
Height of 800-900 mm from 760-895 mm 800-900 mm 800-1200 mm 800-1200 mm 700-800 mm
handrails the nosing from the from the from the nosing from the nosing from the floor
nosing nosing
SIDEWALKS, ARCADES, DRIVEWAYS AND ENTRANCES/EXITS
Sidewalks & P.D 957
Arcades P.D 1096 P.D 1185 Subdivision B.P 220 B.P 220 B.P 344
Building Code Fire Code & Economic Socialized Accessibilit
Condominiu Housing Housing y Law
m Law

Min. of width 1/6 of R.O.W N/A 1.00 m for 1.00 m for 1.00 m for N/A
of sidewalk major road & major road & major road &
minor roads 500 mm minor 500 mm minor
road road

Plan Strip 800 mm for N/A 1.00 m for 1.00 m for 1.00 m for N/A
sidewalks major road & major road & major road &
exceeding 2.00 minor roads 500 mm minor 500 mm minor
m in width road road

Driveways,
Entrance &
Exits
Slope of 1:3 or 1:4 N/A 1:3 or 1:4 N/A N/A N/A
entryway

Max. slope of 1:10 10% 1:10 15% 15% 1:12 but

ramps length shall
not exceed
6.00 m w/o
landing
OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Open Space
Requirements
Interior Lots 50% N/A 50% 50% 50% N/A
Residential Residential Residential Residential
25% others 25% Others 25% Others 25% Others
Inside Lots 20% N/A 20% 20% 20% N/A
Residential Residential Residential Residential
15% others 15% Others 15% Others 15% Others
Corner/Through 10% N/A 10% 10% 10% N/A
Lot Residential Residential Residential Residential
5% others 5% Others 5% Others 5% Others
Lot bounded by 5% for all N/A 5% for all 5% for all 5% for all N/A
streets on 3 occupancies Occupancies Occupancies Occupancies
sides
SETBACK
P.D 957
Setbacks P.D 1096 P.D 1185 Subdivision B.P 220 B.P 220 B.P 344
Building Code Fire Code & Economic Socialized Accessibilit
Condominiu Housing Housing y Law
m Law
Low Density 5.00 m Front
Residential (R- 2.00 m Side N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1) 2.00 m Rear
Medium 3.00 m Front
Density 2.00 m Side N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Residential (R- 2.00 m Rear
2)
High Density 2.00 m Front 3.00 m Front 1.5 m Front 1.5 m Front
Residential (R- 2.00 m Side N/A 2.00 m Side 2.00 m Side 2.00 m Side N/A
3) 2.00 m Rear 2.00 m Rear 2.00 m Rear 2.00 m Rear
DESIGN STANDARDS
Parking
Size of 2.40 x 5.00 m 2.40 x 5.00 2.40 x 5.00 m 2.40 x 5.00 m
Parking Slot (perpendicular & N/A m (perpendicular & (perpendicular 3.70 x 5.00
diagonal) (perpendicula diagonal) & diagonal) m
2.00 x 6.00 m r & diagonal) 2.00 x 6.00 m 2.00 x 6.00 m
(parallel) 2.00 x 6.00 (parallel) (parallel)
m (parallel)
Low-income
single Pooled Parking 1 N/A Pooled Pooled Parking 1 Pooled Parking N/A
detached slot/ 10 units Parking 1 slot/ 10 units 1 slot/ 10 units
living units w/ slot/ 10 units
individual lot
size not more
than 100 sq.
m
50 sq. m 1 slot /8 units 1 slot /8
below 1 slot/ 4 units N/A units 1 slot / 20 units 1 slot / 20 N/A
50-100 sq. m 1 slot/ 1 unit 1 slot/ 4 units
100 sq. m units
above 1 slot/ 1 unit
ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ANALYSIS
Critical for tropical design
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
 locate
bedrooms
Dont locate here
Bedrooms
here

SITE ANALYSIS
SITE ELEMENTS
foreground

building area

service area
play area
private area
entourage
SITE ANALYSIS

1. Foreground 4. Play area

2. Building area 5. Private area
3. Service area 6. Entourage
FOREGROUND
Common Foreground elements:
Factors that control the size of foregrounds:
Function of building
Depth of Lot
Local Ordinances
Driveway Layout
Landscaping
Parking Area and Layout
Type of Street as to volume of Traffic
and intensity of Noise
Area of Rear Lawn or Yard
BUILDING AREA
Factors controlling the location and position of building:

Function of building
Topographic condition
Shape of Lot
Existing features on lot
Location of approach
Orientation as to direction of prevailing wind
Orientation as to direction of sun
Vista
Ordinances as to side and rear setbacks
SERVICE AREA
Common service area elements:

Factors that control the location of service areas:

Sun exposure
Wind direction
Visual privacy from public areas
Nature of adjoining building
PLAY AREA
Factors that affect location of play areas:

orientation

effect of noise to adjacent buildings

accessibility
ENTOURAGE
Factors that control layout of entourage:

Position of walkway, driveway and parking

Size and shape of the softscape / hardscape

Aesthetic and Function
PLAY AREA
Factors that affect location of play areas:

orientation

effect of noise to adjacent buildings

accessibility
SITE ELEMENTS
SITE ELEMENTS
GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS
CLIMATIC FACTORS
SENSORY FACTORS
SOIL
the type and size of a
buildings foundation
system

The drainage of ground

and surface water

The type of plant material

able to grow on a site

HARD
VERY HARD
MEDIUM
SOFT
VEGETATION
Affects sites microclimate
Definition or visual screening of exterior spaces
Absorption or dispersion of sound
Can control erosion

Trees are also

hazardous:

Coconut
Forested area
shallow rooted
deep rooted
VEGETATION
 VEGETATION

Trees are also

hazardous:

Coconut
Forested area
shallow rooted
deep rooted
TOPOGRAPHY
The building foundation type
The building form and its relationship to the ground plane
Site drainage
The sites microclimate

STEEPED SLOPE
TOPOGRAPHY

STEEPED SLOPE
TOPOGRAPHY
FLAT SLOPE
vegetation
Affects sites microclimate
Definition or visual screening of exterior spaces
Absorption or dispersion of sound
Can control erosion
Wind shadow
 Define space Direct views

Visual screen

Attenuate sound
Can control erosion: Vitiver grass- miracle grass of amazing
bio engineering capabilities
sun
Solar radiation
Natural light
PLOTTING THE
CONTOURS
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

Contours are imaginary lines that

join points of equal elevation on
the surface of the land above or
below a reference surface such as
the mean sea level.
Contours make it possible to
measure the height of mountains,
depth of the ocean bottoms, and
steepness of slopes .
SLOPE MAP
SLOPE PATTERN
0-5 % generally flat, highly buildable
5-10% gently rolling, moderately buildable
10-15% gentle to mild slopes, moderately difficult terrain
15-20% mild to steep slopes, difficult terrain
20%-above harsh, steep slopes
 VIEW
1. View is a scene observed from a vantage point.

A view can be a theme that The full view is not always

may suggest and give added the best view.
meaning to buildings.
VISTA
Vista is a confined view, usually directed toward a terminal or
dominant feature. It has three components: a viewing station,
a view, and a foreground.

A view is usually
better if enframed
or seen through an
appropriate screen.
VIEW
TROPICAL DESIGN
Wide Eaves
Non-heat absorptive materials
Proper orientation
Sun screen
TROPICAL DESIGN
Cross ventilation
Shrubs
Canopies
Double walls
CASE PROBLEM
SITE ELEMENTS