CIRCULAR MEASURE

1. RADIAN
1.1 Converting Measurements in Radians to Degrees and Vice Versa

Definition: S A
where S is the length of the arc AB, rad
r
r is the radius of the circle, and S
is the angle subtended at the centre O by the arc AB. r

For the full circle, the circumference is 2r and the angle is 360o.
O B
. 2r r
Therefore,
Hence, 2 rad = 360o => rad = 180o r
2 rad
For each of the following measurement in degree, change it to radian.
Example: 25.8o A (a) 30o =

Since 180o = rad

o
25.8 25.8 25.8
180O B
0.4504 rad

[0.5237 rad]
(b) 45o = (c) 81.5o =

[0.7855 rad] [1.423 rad]

o o
(d) 122.8 = (e) 154 20 =

[2.144 rad] [2.694 rad]

(f) 225o 36 = (g) -50o =

[3.938 rad] [-0.02773 rad]

Circular Measure 1
For each of the following measurement in radian, change it to degree.
Example: 0.75 rad (a) 0.6 rad =
Since rad = 180o Q
P 180
0.75 rad 0.75
0.75 rad
Always use 42.97
= 3.142 O

[34.37o]
(b) 1.54 rad = 18 (c)
rad
5

[206.24o]
o
[88.22 ]
(d) 3 (e) 1.2 rad =
2 rad
7

[139.13o]
[216o]
(f) (g) -0.25 rad =
rad
3

[60o]
[-14.32o]
(h) - 1 (i) (1 + ) rad =
2 rad
3

[-133.67o]
[237.29o]

2. ARC LENGTH OF A CIRCLE

Circular Measure 2
2.1 Arc Length, Radius and Angle => S = r S

For each of the following, find the length of the arc S given
r the values of r and .
Example: (a) r = 20 cm and = 0.6 rad
P
r = 10 cm and = 1.5 rad 10
Since S = r cm
= 10 1.5 S 1.5 rad O
= 15 cm

Q [12 cm]
(b) r = 15 cm and = 1.4 rad (c) r = 30 cm and = rad
6

[15.71 cm]
[21 cm]
(d) r = 10 cm and = 60o (e) r = 1.5 m and = 82.8o

[10.47 cm] [2.168 m]

For each of the following, calculate the length of the radius r given the values of S and .
Example: A (a) S = 9 cm and = 1.5 rad
S = 4.5 cm and = 1.5 rad
Since S = r r
4.5 cm

4.5 = 1.5r
O 1.5 rad
4 .5
r
= 3 cm 1 .5
B [6 cm]
(b) S = 4.5 cm and = 1.8 rad (c) S = 9 m and = 30o

[2.5 cm] [17.19 m]

(d) S = 15 cm and = 32.8o (e) S = 10 cm and = rad
8

[25.46 cm]
[26.20 cm]
A
For each of the following, find the angle in radian given the values of r and S.
cm

Example: (a) r = 9 cm and S = 36 cm

5

r = 5 cm and S = 10 cm
10 cm

O
Circular Measure 3

B
Since S = r
10 = 5
= 10
= 2 rad 5

[4 rad]
(b) r = 7 cm and S = 5.6 cm (c) r = 20 cm and S = 0.7 m

[0.8 rad] [3.5 rad]

(d) r = 1.2 cm and S = 20 cm (e) r = 3.5 cm and S = 112 cm

2
[16 cm] [32 cm]
3

For each of the following, find the angle in degree given the values of r and S.
Example: A (a) r = 10 cm and S = 6 cm
r = 8 cm and S = 20 cm
20
c

Since S = r
8c

20 = 8
m

= rad 20 O
= 8180
= 143.22o 2.5
B
[34.37o]
(b) r = 5 cm and S = 5.4 cm (c) r = 5.6 cm and S = 12 cm

[57.29o] [122.76o]
(d) r = 7.15 cm and S = 0.28 m (e) r = 5.6 cm and S = 3 cm

[224.34o] [96.43o]

Circular Measure 4
3. AREA OF SECTOR P
3.1 Area of Sector, Radius and Angle
r
Area of a circle, A = r2
Area for a sector OPQ of angle o, A r 2
360
Converting to radian, rad O
r 2 A = r2,
2 rad 1
r
must be in radian. 2

For each of the following, find the area of the sector A given the values of r and . Q
Example: (a) r = 5 cm and = 0.8 rad
r = 3 cm and = 1.8 rad P
Since 1
A r 2
m
1 22 3c
3 1 .8
= 8.1 cm2 2
O 1.8 rad
3c
m

Q
[10 cm2]
(b) r = 2.11 cm and = 1.78 rad (c) r = 2.7 cm and = 2 rad
1
3

[6.075 cm2]
2
[3.962 cm ]
(d) r = 12 mm and = 4 rad (e) r = 1.5 m and = 122.8o
5

[180.98 mm2]
[2.411 m2]
o o
(f) r = m and = 85 3 (g) r = 13.2 cm and = 67.2
5

[0.2671 m2]
[102.19 cm2]

Circular Measure 5
For each of the following, find the length of the radius r given the values of and A.
Example: = 1.2 rad and A = 15 cm2 (a) = 3 rad and A = 6 cm2
Since 1
15 A r 2
1 22
r 1 .2
15 2
= 25 r22
1.2
r = 5 cm O
r r
1.2 rad
P Q

[2 cm]
(b) = 1.4 rad and A = 118.3 cm2 (c) = rad and A = 3 m2
6

[6 m]

[13 cm]
2
(d) = rad and A = 3 78.25 cm (e) = 102o and A = 215 cm2
1
7

[109.55 cm]
[15.54 cm]
(f) = 65o and A = 78 cm2 (g) = 102o and A = 1215 cm2

[11.73 cm] [36.94 cm]

For each of the following, find the angle in radian given the values of r and A.
Circular Measure 6
Example: r = 5 cm and 3 A = cm2 (a) r = 2.4 cm and A = 1.44 cm2
Since 9
1
A 8r 2
3 12 2
9 5
8 275 2
rad 3 O 5 cm
8 25 B
4

5 cm
_
9 83 cm2
A

[0.5 rad]
(b) r = 8 cm and A = 64 cm2 (c) r = 0.6 m and A = 3.24 m2

[2 rad] [18 rad]

For each of the following, find the angle in degree given the values of r and A.
Example: r = 4 cm and A = 16 cm2 (a) r = 15 cm and A = 50 cm
Since 1 2
A r
12 2
16 4 A
216 2 4 cm
= 2 rad 16
= 180 O
= 114.58o 2 3.142
16 cm2
4 cm

[80o]
2 2
(b) r = 8 cm and A = 48 cm (c) r = 3.2 m and A = 5 m

[85.93o] [55.95o]

Circular Measure 7
2.2 Perimeter of Segments of a Circle

Example:
A
For the shaded segment in the given diagram beside, find its perimeter.
cm
The perimeter of the shaded segment is the total length of the arc AB 10
and the chord AB.
O 1.2 rad
SAB = r
= 10 1.2 10
cm
= 12 cm
To find the length of the chord AB, consider
the triangle OAB in the diagram beside. B
A
1
AB = 2 5.646 AB
m
2 sin 01.06crad = Note:
10 r a d
= 11.292 cm 0.6 The length of the chord
1 O 180 AB =
perimeter of shaded segment = 12 + AB 10 0sin(
.6 ra0.6 ) 2r sin
2 1 d 3 .142
11.292 0c = 2
= 23.292 cm m

B
3.2 Area of Segments of a Circle

Example:
With reference to the sector in the same diagram beside, A
find the area of the shaded segment.
cm
10
The area of the shaded segment is the difference between
the area of the sector OAB and the triangle OAB. O 1.2 rad
Area of sector OAB = r2 1 10
1 22 cm
10 1.2
= 60 cm2 2
To find the area of the triangle OAB, AC B
please refer to the diagram beside. sin 1.2 rad
AO A
AC is perpendicular to the radius OB. 180

cm 1.2
AC AO0 sin
1 3.142Note:
1
Area ofOOAB
1.2 rad OB AC Area of triangle OAB
2 = 1 2
Area of shaded segment = 60 46.60 1 r sin
10 C OB OA sin 68.75 2 = 13.40 cm2
cm 2
1
10 B 10 0.9320
2
Area of segment
1 246.60 cm
2
1 2
r r sin
2 2
1 2
r sin
2

Circular Measure 8
For each of the following diagrams, find
(i) the perimeter and
(ii) the area of the shaded segment.
(b)
(a) A
Q
5 cm P

0.8 ra

6 cm
O 0.5 rad 6
cm

d
5c
m
O
B

[Perimeter = 4.974 cm, Area = 0.2579 cm2] [Perimeter = 9.472 cm, Area = 1.489 cm2]
(c) (d)
P
O 4.2 cm
A
60o
m
c
3.8

4.2 c

1 rad
m

O 3.8 cm Q
B

[Perimeter = 10.19 cm, Area = 1.145 cm2] [Perimeter = 8.599 cm, Area = 4.827 cm2]

Circular Measure 9