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Web Programming: Basic Concept

The document discusses the basics of web programming and the internet. It provides definitions and histories of key concepts such as: - The internet, which connects computers globally through protocols to transmit data. - The world wide web, which was designed as a distributed hypertext system to access and share information over the internet. It has evolved into a platform for applications. - HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), which is the main language used to transmit data over the web using a request-response model between clients and servers. - Other concepts like URLs, internet users in Indonesia, the history of internet development in periods of packet switching, internetworking, TCP/IP, and the introduction of websites.

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Ardi Susanto
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69 views21 pages

Web Programming: Basic Concept

The document discusses the basics of web programming and the internet. It provides definitions and histories of key concepts such as: - The internet, which connects computers globally through protocols to transmit data. - The world wide web, which was designed as a distributed hypertext system to access and share information over the internet. It has evolved into a platform for applications. - HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), which is the main language used to transmit data over the web using a request-response model between clients and servers. - Other concepts like URLs, internet users in Indonesia, the history of internet development in periods of packet switching, internetworking, TCP/IP, and the introduction of websites.

Uploaded by

Ardi Susanto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Programming

BASIC CONCEPT
ARIF DWI LAKSITO, M.KOM
Web and Internet
The Internet is a interconnect global network of computer networks.
It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer
can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet
Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.

What is the Web? Known as the World Wide Web the web is a way of accessing information over
the medium of the Internet.
Initially the web is designed to be a distributed hypertext document sharing system, Now it has
evolved to become a platform for distributed applications.
Difference
The Internet, linking your computer to other
computers around the world, is a way of
transporting content.

The Web is software that lets you use that


contentor contribute your own.

The Web, running on the mostly invisible Internet,


is what you see and click on in your computers
browser.

http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/networking/19/314
HTTP
Know as Hypertext Transfer Protocols.
The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to
transmit data.
HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model.
The client submits an HTTP request message to the server. The server, which
provides resources such as HTML files and other content, or performs other functions on behalf
of the client, returns aresponse message to the client.
The response contains completion status information about the request and may also contain
requested content in its message body.
Request methods
HTTP defines methods to indicate the desired action to be performed on the identified resource.
The HTTP/1.0 specification defined the GET, POST and HEAD methods.
GET, Requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET should
only retrieve data and should have no other effect.
POST, Requests that the server accept the entity enclosed in the request as a new subordinate
of the web resource identified by the URI. A block of data that is the result of submitting a web
form to a data-handling process.
HEAD, Asks for the response identical to the one that would correspond to a GET request, but
without the response body. This is useful for retrieving meta-information written in response
headers, without having to transport the entire content.
Conversation via HTTP
Request Client:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com

Response Server
Response Server:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 23 May 2005 22:38:34 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.3.7 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux)
Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Jan 2003 23:11:55 GMT
ETag: "3f80f-1b6-3e1cb03b"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 131
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Connection: close

<html>
<head>
<title>An Example Page</title>
</head>
<body> Hello World, this is a very simple HTML document. </body>
</html>
URL
URL (Universal Resource Locator) is also known as web address. Any resource available on the
Web is identified by an URL, which has to be unique globally.
The following figure shows an example URL pointing to a file (resource) on a web server:
Internet Users
Indonesia Internet Users
Internet History
Based on Herman Tolle article, He was grouping 4 periods of internet history :
First Period : Packet-switching (1961-1972)
Second Period : Internetworking (1972-1980)
Third Period : TCP/IP (1980-1990)
Fourth Period : Websites (1990-2000s)
Internet History
1st Period (Packet Switching)
1961 - Leonard Kleinrock pioneers the packet-switching concept in his Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) doctoral thesis about queueing theory: Information Flow in Large Communication
Nets
1962 - J.C.R. Licklider writes memos about his Intergalactic Network concept of networked
computers and becomes the first head of the computer research program at ARPA.
1964 - The Rand Corporation's Paul Baran develops message blocks in the U.S.
1966 - Directing ARPAs computer research program, Robert Taylor initiates the ARPAnet project, the
foundation for todays Internet.
1969 - The first data packets are sent between networked computers on October 29th by Charley
Kline at UCLA, under supervision of Professor Leonard Kleinrock.
1972 - Robert Kahn demonstrates the ARPAnet to the public for the first time by connecting 20
different computers at the International Computer Communication Conference
Internet History
2nd Period (Internetworking)
1973 - Bob Metcalfe co-invented the Ethernet at Xerox Parc.
1973 - Development begins on what will eventually be called TCP/IP protocol by a group headed
by Vint Cerf (Stanford) and Robert Kahn
1977 - Lawrence Landweber creates CSNET (Computer Science Network), a network for all US
university and industrial computer research groups. By 1984, over 180 university, industrial, and
government computer science departments are participating in CSNET.
Internet History
3rd Period (TCP/IP)
1982 - First Public WAN was initiated by Teus Hagen
1983 - Paul Mockapetris invented Domain Name System
1984 - The first email arrived in Germany from the U.S. on August 3, 1984. "Willkommen
CSNET," it said.
1984 - Ben Segal convinces CERN that TCP/IP is the key to making the Internet functional.
1988 - Van Jacobson develops algorithms for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that help
solve the problem of congestion and are still used in over 90% of Internet hosts today.
Internet History
4th Period (Websites)
End of 1989 - At CERN, the European Physical Laboratory, Tim Berners-Lee creates the World
Wide Web.
1991 - The World Wide Web is made available to the public for the first time on the Internet.
1993 - Mark Andreessen and Eric Bina create the Mosaic browser at the National Center
for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), which helps popularize the World Wide Web among
the general public
1998 - Blogs First Appear
1999 - Mitchell Baker gets involved in the Mozilla Project and becomes a founding chairperson
of the Mozilla Foundation.
2000 - Aaron Swartz co-creates RSS, a program that collects news from various web pages and
puts them in one place for readers, with the goal of making information freely available to
everyone.
History of the Web
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, about 20 years after the first
connection was established over what is today known as the Internet.
By October of 1990, he had specified the three fundamental technologies that remain the
foundation of todays Web
HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The publishing format for the Web, including the ability to format
documents and link to other documents and resources.
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of address that is unique to each resource on the Web.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the Web.

By the end of 1990, the first Web page was served


CERN announced in April 1993 that the World Wide Web technology would be available for
anyone to use on a royalty-free basis.
History of the Web
Tim Berners-Lee and others realized that for the Web to reach its full potential, the underlying
technologies must become global standards, implemented in the same way around the world
Therefore, in 1994, Tim founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as a place for
stakeholders to reach consensus around the specification and guidelines to ensure that the Web
works for everyone
W3C standards have enabled a single World Wide Web of information and people, and an
increasingly-rich set of capabilities
History of the Web
Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML:

Version Year
Tim Berners-Lee invented www 1989
Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML 1991
Dave Raggett drafted HTML+ 1993
HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0 1995
W3C Recommended HTML 3.2 1997
W3C Recommended HTML 4.01 1999
W3C Recommended XHTML 1.0 2000
HTML5 WHATWG First Public Draft 2008
HTML5 WHATWG Living Standard 2012
HTML5 W3C Final Recommendation 2014
Advantages of using Internet
Faster Communication - The foremost target of Internet has always been speedy communication and it has
excelled way beyond the expectations. New innovations are only going to make it faster and more reliable.

Information Resources - Information is probably the biggest advantage that Internet offers. Internet is a virtual
treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet.

Entertainment - Downloading games or just surfing the celebrity websites are some of the uses people have
discovered. Even celebrities are using the Internet effectively for promotional campaigns.

Social Networking - Social networking has become so popular amongst youth that it might one day replace
physical networking. It has evolved as a great medium to connect with millions of people with similar interests to finding
long-lost friends, you can also look for a job, business opportunities.

Online Services - The Internet has made life very convenient. With numerous online services you can now perform
all your transactions online. You can book tickets for a movie, transfer funds, pay utility bills, taxes etc
Disadvantages of using Internet
Theft of Personal Information - If you use the Internet for online banking, social networking or other services,
you may risk a theft to your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. People can access this
information through unsecured connections or by planting software and then use your personal details for their benefit

Virus Threat - Internet users are often plagued by virus attacks on their systems. Virus programs may get activated if
you click a seemingly harmless link. Computers connected to the Internet are very prone to targeted virus attacks.

Pornography - Pornography is perhaps the biggest disadvantage of the Internet. Internet allows you to access and
download millions of pornographic photos, videos and other X-rated stuff. Such unrestricted access to porn can be
detrimental for children and teenagers.

Social Disconnect - More and more people are drifting apart from their friends and family because sitting on the
front of computer that connected to internet. Even children prefer to play online games rather than going out with other
kids.
References
https://emangweb.wordpress.com/2009/05/22/sejarah-internet-milestone
http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet
http://www.internethalloffame.org/internet-history/timeline
http://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_intro.asp
http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/09/advantages-disadvantages-using-internet-2
Thank You

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