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Atal Bihari Vajpayee-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior

This document contains 14 multi-part math problems involving concepts like linear combinations, vector spaces, linear independence, and spans. The problems cover topics such as expressing vectors and polynomials as linear combinations, identifying which sets are vector spaces, determining if sets of vectors are subspaces, finding vectors in a span, and assessing if sets are linearly independent.

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108 views2 pages

Atal Bihari Vajpayee-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior

This document contains 14 multi-part math problems involving concepts like linear combinations, vector spaces, linear independence, and spans. The problems cover topics such as expressing vectors and polynomials as linear combinations, identifying which sets are vector spaces, determining if sets of vectors are subspaces, finding vectors in a span, and assessing if sets are linearly independent.

Uploaded by

amit1kumar1barman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Atal Bihari Vajpayee-

Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior

Engineering Mathematics I (AS101)

Exercise I

1. Express v = (1, 2, 5) in R3 as a linear combination of the vectors u1 = (1, 1, 1), u2 = (1, 2, 3),
u3 = (2, 1, 1).

2. Express the polynomial v = t2 + 4t 3 in P (t) as a linear combination of the polynomials


p1 = t2 2t + 5, p2 = 2t2 3t and p3 = t + 1.

3. Express M as a linear combination of the matrices A, B, C, where:


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 7 1 1 1 2 1 1
M= and A = ,B = ,C =
7 9 1 1 3 4 4 5

4. Let R+ be the set of all positive real numbers. Dene the operations of addition and scalar
multiplication as follows:

u + v = u v, u, v R+
u = u , u R+

Prove that R+ is a real vector space.

5. Which of the following subsets of R4 are vector spaces for coordinate-wise addition and scalar
multiplication?
The set of all vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) R4 , such that:
(a) x4 = 0 (b) x1 = 1 (c) x2 > 0
(d) x3 0
2 (e) x21 < 0 (f) 2x1 + 3x2 = 0
(g) x1 + 3 x2 3x3 + x4 = 1
2

6. Which of the following subsets of P are vector spaces?


The set of all polynomials p such that:
(a) degree of p n (b) degree of p = 3
(c) degree of p 4 (d) p(1) = 0
(e) p(2) = 1 (f) p (1) = 0
(g) p has integral coecient (h) degree of p 4 and p (0) = 0.

7. Let V = R3 . Which of the following sets are subspaces of R3 :


(a) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 0} (b) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x21 + x22 + x23 1}
(c) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 x2 = 0} (d) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : xx12 = 2}

(e) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : 2x1 = 3x2 } (f) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x3 is an
integer}
(g) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 + x3 0} (h) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 = 2x2 and x3 = 3x2 }
(i) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 = 2x2 or x3 = 3x2 } (j) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 2x2 = x3 23 x3 }

8. Let S = {(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 1), (4, 5, 2)}. Determine which of the following vectors are in [S]:
(a) (0,0,0) (b) (1,1,0) (c) (2,-1,-8) (d) (-1/3, -1/3, 1/3) (e) (1,0,1) (f) (1,-3,-5).

1
9. Let S = {x3 , x2 + 2x, x2 + 2, 1 x}. Determine which of the following polynomials are in [S]:
(a) 2x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 7 (b) x4 + 7x + 2 (c) 3x2 + x + 5
(d) x3 23 x2 + x2 (e) 3x + 2 (f) x3 + x2 + 2x + 3.
10. What is the span of:

(a) x-axis and yaxis in R3 ?


(b) x-axis and xyplane in R3 ?
(c) xy-plane and yzplane in R3 ?
(d) xaxis and the plane x + y = 0 in R3 ?

11. Which of the following subsets S of R3 are LI?

(a) S = {(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 0), (5, 1, 2)}


(b) S = {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3)}
(c) S = {(1, 1, 2), (3, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3)}
(d) S = {(1, 5, 2), (0, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0)}
(e) S = {(1/2, 1/3, 1), (0, 0, 0), (2, 3/4, 1/3)}

12. Which of the following subsets S of R4 are LD?

(a) S = {(1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1, 1)}


(b) S = {(1, 1, 2, 0), (1, 1, 2, 0), (3, 0, 0, 1), (2, 1, 1, 0)}
(c) S = {(1, 1, 1, 0), (3, 2, 2, 1), (1, 1, 3, 2), (1, 2, 6, 5), (1, 1, 2, 1)}
(d) S = {(1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4), (0, 0, 2, 0), (1, 2, 0, 1), (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4)}
(e) S = {(1, 2, 3, 0), (1, 7, 3, 3), (1, 1, 1, 1)}

13. Which of the following subsets S of P are LI?

(a) S = {x2 1, x + 1, x 1}
(b) S = {1, x + x2 , x x2 , 3x}
(c) S = {x, x3 x, x4 + x2 , x + x2 + x4 + 1/2}
(d) S = {x2 4, x + 2, x 2, x2 /3}

14. Consider the set C(0, ), the set of all real values continuous functions. Which of the following
subsets S of C(0, ) are LI?

(a) S = {x, sin x, cos x}


(b) S = {sin2 x, cos 2x, 1}
(c) S = {sin x, cos x, sin(x + 1)}
(d) S = {ln x, ln x2 , ln x3 }
(e) S = {x2 ex , xex , (x2 + x 1)ex }

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