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Unit Op Test 2 (Answer)

The document discusses fluidization, which is a process where granular materials are converted from a static solid state to a dynamic fluid-like state by the flow of a fluid through it. Catalyst pellets are to be fluidized with water in a cylindrical vessel. Calculations determine the minimum fluid velocity and diameter of the vessel required for fluidization. The document also examines flow through granular beds, discussing specific surface area, pressure drop, particle size estimation using the Carman-Kozeny equation, and determining the Reynolds number indicates laminar flow.

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84 views6 pages

Unit Op Test 2 (Answer)

The document discusses fluidization, which is a process where granular materials are converted from a static solid state to a dynamic fluid-like state by the flow of a fluid through it. Catalyst pellets are to be fluidized with water in a cylindrical vessel. Calculations determine the minimum fluid velocity and diameter of the vessel required for fluidization. The document also examines flow through granular beds, discussing specific surface area, pressure drop, particle size estimation using the Carman-Kozeny equation, and determining the Reynolds number indicates laminar flow.

Uploaded by

Anonymous Qebs6djTo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MOTION OF PARTICLE TROUGH FLUID : FLUIDIZATION

(a) Fluidization is one of the processes involving the movement of particles through fluid.

(i) Define Fluidization


Fluidization is a process whereby a granular material is converted from a
static solid-like state to a dynamic fluid-like state.

(ii) Describe the purpose of fluidization


The most common reason for fluidizing a bed is to obtain vigorous agitation
of the solids in contact with the fluid, leading to an enhanced transport
mechanism (diffusion, convection, and mass/energy transfer).

(iii) Sketch the schematic diagram depicts the fluidization process occurred in the
granular bed column.
(b) Catalyst pellets 5 mm in diameter are to be fluidized with 45 000 kg/h of water
with density 985 kg/m3 at 50 C in a vertical cylindrical vessel. The density of the catalyst
particles is 1760 kg/m3 and their sphericity is 0.86.

Particle: Pellet
Dp = 5 x 10-3 m
p = 1760 kg/m3
= 0.86
Take M = 0.45

Fluid: Water
m = 45000 kg/h
= 985 kg/m3
= 0.6 x 10-3 kg/m.s ( at T=50 C)

(i) Calculate the minimum velocity


of the water used to fluidized the catalyst
pellets

( ) .

+ = ( )

( . ) . ()
(. )
+
. ( ) . . ( ) .
= . ( )


Solving for
= . /

(ii) Estimate the diameter of the vertical cylindrical vessel


=
.

= . (Area of cylinder)


. =

= .

FLOW OF FLUID THROUGH GRANULAR BEDS


(a) The specific surface area of particle (S) in one of the parameters affecting the pressure
drop of the fluid flows through a granular beds or porous medium. In considering the
effect of surface area, there is a difference between the specific surface or particle (S)
and the specific surface area of bed (SB). Explain why these two parameters cannot be
assumed similar.

S and SB are not equal due to the voidage which is present when the particles are
packed into a bed.

(b) Adsorption process has been conducted in a packed column whereas air was subjected
to flow through beds of granular activated carbon at 130 C under the atmospheric
pressure. A pore space which approximately 25% of granular bed form a channel like-
tube with diameter of 5.56 x10-4 (L). Based on Carman-Kozeny, the pressure drop per
length of the column is given by 1048.48 (Pa/m).

Air properties at T= 130 C, (interpolation from table appendix A.3.3)

= 0.8768 kg/m3
= 2.3020 x 10-5 kg/m.s or Pa.s

= 0.25
de = 5.56 x10-4 m


= . (/).

i) Estimate the average size (Dp (m)) of the activated carbon granule packed in
the column.


=

(. )
. =

= .

= ( )
. = (. )
= .


=


. =

= .

(c) Calculate the Reynolds number of the gas flow through the column and state the types
of flow occurred in the process.

( )
=

(. ) .
. =
.
.

= . /


. (. )
= = = .
( ) . (. )( . )

Laminar flow because Re < 1

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