International Journal of Humanities

and Social Sciences (IJHSS)

ISSN (P): 2319-393X; ISSN (E): 2319-3948
Vol. 6, Issue 5, Aug - Sep 2017; 97-108
© IASET

CHANGING PATTERN OF POPULATION AND DENSITY IN TELANGANA STATE

M. KAMRAJU, M. VANI, T. ANURADHA & D. KRANTI

1, 2
Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
3
Assistant Professor Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
4
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

ABSTRACT

Apart from a generalized discussion on the trends of population growth in Telangana during the
post-Independence decades and its socioeconomic implications, this paper examines in some detail the spatial patterns of
population change in Telangana during 1991-2011. The discussion is mainly based on what has emerged on 3 maps
depicting percentage change in population change in Telangana during this decade. While areas of rapid growth of the
population continue to be associated with migration resulting from: 1) the development of manufacturing industries,
mining, trade, and miscellaneous services, all leading to an acceleration in the process of urbanization, 2) the development
of irrigation and reclamation of land bringing about increased intensity and extensions in farming, and 3) infiltration from
neighboring countries, particularly from Bangladesh. The areas of relatively low growth are mostly those which have
suffered a net out-migration induced by the pressure of population and paucity of resources or a desire to seek better
avenues of employment elsewhere. A comparison of the spatial patterns of 1991-2011 with those witnessed in precious
decades brings out important changes in these patterns which are occurring as a result of the various areas of the country
getting into different phases of the second stage of the "demographic transition." With a view to bringing the benefits of
socioeconomic progress to the door steps of all sections of the society in all parts of the country, it is necessary to bring
about a substantial decline in the birth rate without any further loss of time.

Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number population
density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of
people per square kilometer. The population density of India in 2011 is 382 persons per square kilometer. According to the
census 2011 the population of Telangana is 35,0,03,674. The population rank of the State is the 12th in the country.
The average population density is during the year 2011 in Telangana state is 306.39 square kilometers. A 60 year dream of
the people of Telangana was realized in 2014, when Telangana was formally created by the Parliament of India.
Hyderabad is the capital city of the Telangana state. Culturally, the capital city of the state, Hyderabad, lies in the
traditional zone of Indian cultures and itself represents a synthesis of North and South Indian culture. The state has 31
districts. Telangana state have an area of 1, 12,386 km2.

KEYWORDS: Post-Independence, Manufacturing Industries, Infiltration, Demographic Transition, Density, Population,

Growth, Pattern, Change

INTRODUCTION

Studying the change in population distribution and density can provide an important basis for regional
development and planning. The spatial patterns and driving factors of the change in population density in Telangana were

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98 M. Kamraju, M. Vani, T. Anuradha & D. Kranti

not clear yet. Therefore, using the population census data in 1991 and 2011, this study firstly analyzed the change of
population density in Telangana. One of the important indices of population concentration is the density of population. It is
defined as the number of persons per square kilometer. The population density of India in 2011 is 382 persons per square
kilometer; the density of population is increasing in all States and Union territories between 1951 and 2011. The major
States have a population density of 908 square kilometers in 2011. Bihar is now the first highest densely populated State,
the second highest densely populated state is West Bengal. A high increase in the density of population is a great concern
as it puts immense pressure on our natural resources. Also, it may be the quality of life.

Due to differences in climatic conditions, availability of resources, agriculture, industrialization, education, capital
city States and Union territories of our country largely varied in terms of density. According to the census 2011 the
population of Telangana is 35,0,03,674. The population rank of the State is the 12th in the country. The average population
density is during the year 2011 in Telangana 311.45 square kilometers. The term density of population was used by Henry
in 1837, while preparing railway maps. This is the ratio between population and area. This is used as an indicator to
measure concentration of population. Hyderabad district population constituted 11.2 percent of the total Telangana
population. Population density is the average number of people per square kilometer. It is a way of measuring population in
the district and shows where an area is sparsely or densely populated. Density of population helps us an understanding
nature of distribution of population. It is useful in several other ways. It also becomes easier to know the possibilities for
development of a region. It indicates the nature of the balance between the population of the region and its natural
resources.

LOCATION OF STUDY AREA

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula.
Its latudinal extension is 1509’ North to 190 7’ North and longitude extension is 770 3’East to 810 6’ East. It covers 114,840
square kilometers (44,340 sq mi). The region is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari
River catchment area and about 69% of the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid. Hyderabad lies in
the traditional zone of Indian cultures and itself represents a synthesis of North and South Indian culture. The state has 31
districts namely Adilabad, Bhadradri (Kothagudem), Jagitial, Jangoan, Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli), Jogulamba (Gadwal),
Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kumarambhem (Asifabad), Mahabubnagar, Mahububabbad, Mancherial, Medak,
Medchal, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Rajanna (Siricilla), Ranga Reddy,
Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal (Rural), Warangal (Urban), Yadadri, Hyderabad.

Figure 1

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7985 NAAS Rating: 3.17

Changing Pattern of Population and Density in Telangana State 99

OBJECTIVES

The present study has been undertaken with the following objectives.

• To study the density of population in the State.

• To find out the changing pattern of population density in the State.

• To study the density growth rate in the state.

• To find out the changing pattern of density growth rate in the state.

DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY

The present paper is based on the secondary source data; mainly collected from state Census Handbooks,
Socioeconomic Abstract etc. varies statistical techniques are used in the present paper to know the demographic pattern of
the study area. Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number population
density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of
people per square kilometer. The period from 1991 to 2011 is selected for the observation of pattern of population density
changes. The data was tabulated analyzed and represented in the form of cartographic, statistical diagrams and maps.
Population density is calculated using the following formula.

HISTORY OF TELANGANA

Telangana was governed by many rulers, including the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE),
the Kakatiya Dynasty (1083–1323), the Musunuri Nayaks (1326–1356) the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate
(1347–1512), Qutb Shahi dynasty (1512–1687), Mughal Empire (1687–1724) and Asaf Jahi Dynasty (1724–1948).

Early History

The Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE) became the dominant power in this region. It originated from the
lands between the Godavari and Krishna rivers and was based at Amaravathi and Dharanikota.] After the decline of the
Satavahanas, various dynasties, such as the Vakataka, Vishnukundina, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta and Western Chalukya,
ruled the area.

Kakatiya Dynasty

RamagiriFort ruins at Kalvacherla in Karimnagar district is an ancient fort initially built by the Sathavahanas and
modified many times by other dynasties till 16th century

Kota Gullu, temple ruins built in the 12th century by Kakatiyas at Ghanpur, Mulug in Warangal district a 14th century fort
ruins at Rachakonda in Nalgonda district

The Telangana area experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty, which ruled most parts
of the present day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana from 1083 to 1323 CE. Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II were
prominent rulers from the Kakatiya dynasty. The dynasty weakened with the attack of Malik Kafur in 1309 and was
dissolved after the defeat of Prataparudra by the forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq in 1323.

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100 M. Kamraju, M. Vani, T. Anuradha & D. Kranti

Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi's

The area came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by the Bahmani Sultanate. Quli
Qutb Mulk, a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in
1518. On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a
year-long siege of the Golkonda Fort.

In 1712, Qamar-ud-din Khan was appointed by emperor Farrukhsiyar as the viceroy of Deccan with the
title Nizam-ul-Mulk (meaning "Administrator of the Realm"). He was later recalled to Delhi, with Mubariz Khan appointed
as the viceroy. In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan defeated Mubariz Khan to reclaim the Deccan suba, establishing it as an
autonomous province of the Mughal Empire. He took the name Asif Jah, starting what came to be known as the Asif Jahi
dynasty. He named the area Hyderabad Deccan. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were called Asif
Jahi Nizams or Nizams of Hyderabad. The Medak and Warangal divisions of Telangana were a part of their realm.

When Asif Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons,
who were aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769, Hyderabad city became the
formal capital of the Nizams. The Nizam Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British in
1799 and lost its control over the state's defence and foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became a princely state among
the presidencies and provinces of British India.

Post-Independence

When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge
with the Indian Union and wanted to remain independent. The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17
September 1948 after a military operation called Operation Polo. It appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as first chief
minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with the help of English-educated bureaucrats
from the Madras and Bombay states, which were familiar with British systems of administration, unlike the bureaucrats of
Hyderabad state who used a completely different administrative system. The official language of the state was switched
from Urdu to English.

In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected the chief minister of the Hyderabad State in its first
democratic election. During this time, there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send the Madras state
bureaucrats back and implement a rule by the natives (mulkis) of Hyderabad.

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven.
Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people.
Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. These are usually placed in hostile environments,
e.g. Antarctica. Places which are densely populated are habitable environments, e.g. Europe.

Table 1: Telangana State Population Year Wise

S.No Name of the District 1991 2001 2011
1 Adilabad 427302 634121 708972
2 Bhadradri (Kothagudem) 718742 1002722 1069261
3 Jagitial 544275 761985 985417

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7985 NAAS Rating: 3.17

Changing Pattern of Population and Density in Telangana State 101

Table 1: Contd.
S.No Name of the District 1991 2001 2011
4 Jangoan 424472 503240 566376
5 Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli) 469300 543400 711434
6 Jogulamba (Gadwal) 465552 594384 609990
7 Kamareddy 730400 854568 972625
8 Karimnagar 580944 868224 1005711
9 Khammam 955059 1260329 1401639
10 Kumarambhem (Asifabad) 356094 492678 515812
11 Mahabubnagar 543753 725004 774549
12 Mahububabbad 930160 1067570 1486777
13 Mancherial 582320 827297 807037
14 Medak 562772 682570 767428
15 Medchal 407584 1474240 240073
16 Nagarkurnool 733944 803184 861766
17 Nalgonda 1103910 1431522 1618416
18 Nirmal 438330 634425 709418
19 Nizamabad 947648 1492224 1571022
20 Peddapalli 583596 760240 795332
21 Rajanna (Siricilla) 428028 587529 552037
22 Ranga Reddy 940797 1780974 2446265
23 Sangareddy 946645 1303288 1527628
24 Siddipet 791776 947952 1012065
25 Suryapet 847645 1056851 1099560
26 Vikarabad 575620 761850 927140
27 Wanaparthy 402424 510024 577758
28 Warangal (Rural) 654675 739500 718537
29 Warangal (Urban) 909755 1072071 1080588
30 Yadadri 188.43581296 680240 739448
31 Hyderabad 2403709 29780450 3943323

Figure 2

Population Growth

In biology, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.

Global human population growth amounts to around 75 million annually, or 1.1% per year.
The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7 billion in 2012. It is expected to keep growing, and estimates
have put the total population at 8.4 billion by mid-2030, and 9.6 billion by mid-2050. Many nations with rapid population

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102 M. Kamraju, M. Vani, T. Anuradha & D. Kranti

growth have low standards of living, whereas many nations with low rates of population growth have high standards of
living.

Table 2: Telangana State Population Growth Year Wise

S.No Name of District 2001 2011
1 Adilabad 206819 74851
2 Bhadradri (Kothagudem) 283980 66539
3 Jagitial 217710 223432
4 Jangoan 78768 63136
5 Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli) 74100 168034
6 Jogulamba (Gadwal) 128832 15606
7 Kamareddy 124168 118057
8 Karimnagar 287280 137487
9 Khammam 305270 141310
10 Kumarambhem(Asifabad) 136584 23134
11 Mahabubnagar 181251 49545
12 Mahububabbad 137410 419207
13 Mancherial 244976 20260
14 Medak 119798 84858
15 Medchal 1066656 965833
16 Nagarkurnool 69240 58582
17 Nalgonda 327612 186894
18 Nirmal 196095 74993
19 Nizamabad 544576 78798
20 Peddapalli 176644 35092
21 Rajanna (Siricilla) 159501 35492
22 Ranga Reddy 840177 665291
23 Sangareddy 356643 224340
24 Siddipet 156179 64113
25 Suryapet 209206 42709
26 Vikarabad 186230 165290
27 Wanaparthy 107600 67734
28 Warangal (Rural) 84825 20963
29 Warangal (Urban) 162316 8517
30 Yadadri 98944 59208
31 Hyderabad 522536 965278

Figure 3
POPULATION DENSITY

Population density is calculated using the following formula.

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7985 NAAS Rating: 3.17

Changing Pattern of Population and Density in Telangana State 103

Total Population
Population Density = -------------------------------------
Area (in square kilometer)

Table 3: Telangana State Population Density Year Wise

S.No Name of the District 1991 2001 2011
1 Adilabad 102.89 152.69 178.04
2 Bhadradri (Kothagudem) 96.05 134.61 144.62
3 Jagitial 225.70 315.81 343.49
4 Jangoan 194.22 230.22 239.04
5 Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli) 76.11 88.96 98.26
6 Jogulamba (Gadwal) 159.11 203.30 239.21
7 Kamareddy 200.41 234.94 270.97
8 Karimnagar 273.48 408.23 454.04
9 Khammam 219.64 289.79 317.33
10 Kumarambhem (Asifabad) 73.31 101.69 116.00
11 Mahabubnagar 189.90 252.61 292.57
12 Mahububabbad 176.17 202.32 214.32
13 Mancherial 145.49 206.22 206.47
14 Medak 202.89 245.82 267.13
15 Medchal 376.75 1360.47 2299.79
16 Nagarkurnool 106.03 116.50 132.47
17 Nalgonda 155.24 201.57 221.19
18 Nirmal 114.03 165.12 188.22
19 Nizamabad 221.60 348.13 364.93
20 Peddapalli 261.15 340.70 348.66
21 Rajanna (Siricilla) 212.99 291.49 315.12
22 Ranga Reddy 187.50 354.33 493.10
23 Sangareddy 215.92 296.39 353.13
24 Siddipet 218.12 261.84 270.83
25 Suryapet 235.75 293.71 313.26
26 Vikarabad 170.92 225.71 252.63
27 Wanaparthy 187.82 237.42 274.74
28 Warangal (Rural) 301.79 340.36 356.14
29 Warangal (Urban) 695.32 819.55 928.88
30 Yadadri 188.43 220.93 229.94
31 Hyderabad 11077.25 13485.05 13884.94

Figure 4 Figure 5

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104 M. Kamraju, M. Vani, T. Anuradha & D. Kranti

Figure 6

Variation in The population density is divided into five classes. The figures 2, 4 and 5 show the population
density.

The Figure 2 is shows that very low population density in Nagarkurnool, Bhadradri (Kothagudem),
Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli), Mancherial, Kumarambhem (Asifabad), Adilabad, Nirmal districts, very low population density
in Jagitial, Jangoan, Jogulamba (Gadwal), Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kumarambhem (Asifabad),
Mahabubnagar, Mahububabbad, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Rajanna (Siricilla), Ranga Reddy,
Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal (Rural), Yadadridistricts districts,
the average population density in Medchal district, the high population density in Warangal (Urban) district, the very high
population density in Hyderabad district during the year of 1991.

The Figure 4 is shows that very low population density in Nagarkurnool, Bhadradri (Kothagudem), Jayashankar
(Bhupalpalli), Kumarambhem (Asifabad) districts, the average population density in Adilabad, Jagitial, Jangoan,
Jogulamba (Gadwal), Kamareddy, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Mahububabbad, Mancherial, Medak, Nalgonda, Nirmal,
Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Rajanna (Siricilla), Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal (Rural),
Yadadri districts, the high population density in Ranga Reddy, Karimnagar districts, the very high population density in
Medchal, Warangal (Urban), Hyderabad districts during the year of 2001.

The Figure 5 is shows that very low population density in Nagarkurnool, Bhadradri (Kothagudem), Jayashankar
(Bhupalpalli), Kumarambhem (Asifabad) districts, low population density in Adilabad, Jagitial, Jangoan, Jogulamba
(Gadwal), Kamareddy, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Mahububabbad, Mancherial, Medak, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Peddapalli,
Rajanna (Siricilla), Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Yadadri districts, the average population density in
Sangareddy, Warangal (Rural), Nizamabad districts, the high population density in Ranga Reddy, Karimnagar districts, the
very high population density in Hyderabad, Medchal, Warangal (Urban) districts during the year of 2011.

Density Growth Rate

Population density growth rate is calculated using the following formula.

Current year population Density - last year population Density

Population Density Growth Rate = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*100
Last year population Density

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7985 NAAS Rating: 3.17

Changing Pattern of Population and Density in Telangana State 105

Table 4: Telangana State Population Density Growth Rate Year Wise

S.No Name of District 2001 2011
1 Adilabad 48.41 16.60
2 Bhadradri (Kothagudem) 40.14 7.43
3 Jagitial 39.93 8.76
4 Jangoan 18.54 3.83
5 Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli) 16.88 10.46
6 Jogulamba (Gadwal) 27.77 17.67
7 Kamareddy 17.23 15.34
8 Karimnagar 49.27 11.22
9 Khammam 31.94 9.50
10 Kumarambhem (Asifabad) 38.72 14.07
11 Mahabubnagar 33.02 15.82
12 Mahububabbad 14.84 5.93
13 Mancherial 41.74 0.12
14 Medak 21.16 8.67
15 Medchal 261.11 69.04
16 Nagarkurnool 9.87 13.71
17 Nalgonda 29.84 9.73
18 Nirmal 44.80 14.00
19 Nizamabad 57.10 4.83
20 Peddapalli 30.46 2.34
21 Rajanna (Siricilla) 36.86 8.11
22 Ranga Reddy 88.98 39.16
23 Sangareddy 37.27 19.14
24 Siddipet 20.04 3.44
25 Suryapet 24.59 6.66
26 Vikarabad 32.06 11.93
27 Wanaparthy 26.41 15.72
28 Warangal (Rural) 12.78 4.64
29 Warangal (Urban) 17.87 13.34
30 Yadadri 17.25 4.08
31 Hyderabad 21.74 2.97

Figure 7 Figure 8

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106 M. Kamraju, M. Vani, T. Anuradha & D. Kranti

The figures 6and 7 show the population density growth rate. Variation in the population density growth rate is
divided into five classes.

The Figure.6 is shows that very low population density growth rate in Jangoan, Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli),
Kamareddy, Mahububabbad, Medak, Nagarkurnool, Siddipet, Warangal (Rural), Warangal (Urban), Yadadri,
Hyderabad districts, low population density growth rate in Peddapalli, Mancherial districts, average population density in
Bhadradri (Kothagudem), Jagitial, Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli), Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahububabbad, Medak, Nalgonda,
Nizamabad, Rajanna (Siricilla), Suryapet, Vikarabaddistricts, the high population density in Ranga Reddy,
Karimnagar, Rajanna (Siricilla), Nizamabad, Jagitial, Nirmal, Mancherial, Kumarambhem (Asifabad), Adilabad districts,
very high population density in Medchal district during the year of 2001.

The Figure 7 is shows that very low population density growth rate in Hyderabad, Yadadri, Jangoan, Siddipet
districts, low population density growth rate in Jogulamba (Gadwal), Wanaparthy, Mahabubnagar, Vikarabad, Nalgonda,
Suryapet, Khammam, Peddapalli districts, average population density in Bhadradri (Kothagudem), Sangareddy districts,
the high population density in Sangareddy, Kamareddy, Warangal (Urban), Mahabubnagar, Wanaparthy, Jogulamba
(Gadwal), Nagarkurnool districts, very high population density in Ranga Reddy, Medchal, Nirmal, Adilabad,
Kumarambhem (Asifabad) districts during the year of 2011.

CONCLUSIONS

In three stages Hyderabad district is having the highest population density, but the population density growth rate
in Hyderabad is very low compared to other districts. Constantly Hyderabad population density is very high and also the
natural resources are imbalances in Hyderabad district. The population density of Telangana is constantly changing on the
basis of the above results. Rangareddy and Medchal districts are highest in population density and population density
growth rate in every stage because Hyderabad city is expanding into Rangareddy and Medchal districts. Nagarkurnool,
Bhadradri (Kothagudem), Jayashankar (Bhupalpalli), Kumarambhem (Asifabad) districts are having a very low population
density in three stages. And also the Yadadri, Siddipet, Jangoan districts have very low population density growth rate in
every time. The government has to provide basic services and improve the resources in the density areas.

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