Spring Framework 5.

0
Preview & Roadmap

Juergen Hoeller
Spring Framework Lead
Pivotal
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2016 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
1 Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2016 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
 On our way to 5.0
First up: 4.3

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Spring Framework 4.3

Last 4.x feature release!

4.3 RC1: March 2016
4.3 GA: May 2016

Extended support life until 2020

on JDK 6, 7, 8 and 9
on Tomcat 6, 7, 8 and 9
on WebSphere 7, 8.0, 8.5 and 9

Programming model refinements brought forward to JDK 6+

DI & MVC refinements, composed annotations

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The State of the Art: Component Classes

@Service
@Lazy
public class MyBookAdminService implements BookAdminService {

// @Autowired
public MyBookAdminService(AccountRepository repo) {
...
}

@Transactional
public BookUpdate updateBook(Addendum addendum) {
...
}
}

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Configuration Classes with Autowired Constructors

@Configuration
public class MyBookAdminConfig {

private final DataSource bookAdminDataSource;

// @Autowired
public MyBookAdminService(DataSource bookAdminDataSource) {
this.bookAdminDataSource = bookAdminDataSource;
}

@Bean
public BookAdminService myBookAdminService() {
MyBookAdminService service = new MyBookAdminService();
service.setDataSource(this.bookAdminDataSource);
return service;
}
}
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Refined MVC Controller Declarations

@Controller
@CrossOrigin
public class MyRestController {

@RequestMapping(path="/books/{id}", method=GET)
public Book findBook(@PathVariable long id) {
return this.bookAdminService.findBook(id);
}

@RequestMapping(path="/books/new", method=POST)
public void newBook(@Valid Book book) {
this.bookAdminService.storeBook(book);
}
}

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Precomposed Annotations for MVC Controllers

@RestController
@CrossOrigin
public class MyRestController {

@GetMapping("/books/{id}")
public Book findBook(@PathVariable long id) {
return this.bookAdminService.findBook(id);
}

@PostMapping("/books/new")
public void newBook(@Valid Book book) {
this.bookAdminService.storeBook(book);
}
}

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 Themes for 5.0:
JDK 9, HTTP/2, Reactive

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Spring Framework 5.0

A new framework generation for 2017+

5.0 M1: mid 2016
5.0 RC1: December 2016

Major baseline upgrade

JDK 8+, Servlet 3.0+, JMS 2.0+, JPA 2.1+, JUnit 5

Key infrastructure themes

JDK 9 and Jigsaw modules
Servlet 4.0 and HTTP/2
Reactive architectures

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JDK 8+ Baseline

Spring 4.x: comprehensive support for Java 8 features in an application's

component classes
Spring annotations declared as repeatable already
typical Spring callback interfaces designed in a lambda-friendly style
reflectively adapting to user-provided signatures

Spring 5.x: use of Java 8 features in the framework's own core codebase
lambdas, method references, default methods in interfaces
able to expose JDK 8 API types in core interfaces and classes:
java.util.Optional, java.util.function, java.util.stream

An important enabler for further evolution of the framework...

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Comprehensive JDK 9 Support

Spring 5 schedule is close to JDK 9 schedule

JDK 9 intends to go GA in March 2017

Jigsaw a new module system for applications

symbolic module names and requires/exports metadata for jar files
currently no versioning, just structuring plus visibility enforcement
module path as alternative to class path

New HTTP client and general support for HTTP/2

superseding the outdated java.net.HttpURLConnection
TLS extension for ALPN

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Using Jigsaw with Spring

Spring Framework jars coming with Jigsaw metadata out of the box
internally declaring module-info for each jar

Separate module namespace, following Maven Central jar naming

spring-context, spring-jdbc, spring-webmvc

An application's module-info.java can then look as follows...

module my.app.db {
requires java.sql;
requires spring.jdbc;
}

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The Importance of HTTP/2 (RFC 7540)

Enormous benefits over HTTP 1.1 (which dates back to 1996)

binary protocol
TLS (SSL) everywhere
connection multiplexing
headers compression
request prioritization
push of correlated resources

Browsers already implement HTTP/2 over TLS

major websites work with HTTP/2 already: Google, Twitter, etc
We need to embrace it in Java land as well!

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Spring 5 and HTTP/2

Servlet 4.0 mid 2017

enforces support for HTTP/2 in Servlet containers
API features for stream prioritization and push resources

Tomcat / Jetty / Undertow

native HTTP/2 support available in current Servlet 3.1 containers
Tomcat 8.1 / 9.0, Jetty 9.3, Undertow 1.3

Spring Framework 5.0 will ship dedicated Servlet 4.0 support

as well as dedicated support for the new JDK 9 HTTP client
but like 4.3, it focuses on native HTTP/2 on top of Tomcat / Jetty / Undertow

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The Importance of Reactive Architectures

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Reactive Streams Specification

Focus on infrastructure interoperability

web servers, datastore drivers
and of course: web frameworks!

Minimal API
Publisher + Subscriber/Subscription for backpressure support
repackaged into JDK 9 as java.util.concurrent.Flow

Operators left up to composition libraries

map, flatMap, take, subscribe, ...
Reactor, RxJava, Akka Streams

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Reactive Web Endpoints in Spring

A Spring MVC like endpoint model based on a reactive foundation

reusing the common Spring MVC programming model style
but accepting and returning reactive streams

A new HTTP endpoint engine on top of a non-blocking runtime

Netty, Jetty, Tomcat, Undertow
not based on the Servlet API but adaptable to a Servlet container

Currently developed as a public R&D project

https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-reactive/
to be merged into Spring Framework master for 5.0 M1 in June

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Reactive Web Controller with RxJava Observable

@Controller
public class MyReactiveWebController {

@RequestMapping("/capitalize")
public Observable<Person> capitalize(Observable<Person> persons) {
return persons.map(person -> {
person.setName(person.getName().toUpperCase());
return person;
}
}
}

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Reactive Web Controller with Reactor Flux

@Controller
public class MyReactiveWebController {

@RequestMapping("/capitalize")
public Flux<Person> capitalize(Flux<Person> persons) {
return persons.map(person -> {
person.setName(person.getName().toUpperCase());
return person;
}
}
}

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Reactive Web Controller with Repository Interop

@Controller
public class MyReactiveWebController {

@Autowired
private MyRepository<Person> repository;

@RequestMapping("/insert")
public Mono<Void> insert(Flux<Person> persons) {
return this.repository.insert(persons);
}
}

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Reactive Infrastructure All Around

Reactive datastore drivers becoming available

Postgres, Mongo, Couchbase

Reactive HTTP clients

Netty, Jetty, OkHttp

Reactive Streams Commons project

Servlet adapters: by default against Servlet 3.1 async I/O
native container SPI for more efficiency at runtime
currently a collaboration between Spring and Jetty / Tomcat

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 Summary
Spring Framework 4.3 (May 2016)
Programming model refinements on JDK 6/7/8

Spring Framework 5.0 (early 2017)

JDK 8+9, Jigsaw, HTTP/2, Reactive Streams

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