UNIT CONVERSION 1 are = 0.

024711 acre (Int) = 1 sq dekameter =

1076.39 sq foot = 100 sq meter = 3.86102x10-5 sq
Acceleration mile = 119.599 sq yard
foot/second2, meter/second2, gal, galileo, inch/second2 1 barn = 1x10-24 sq cm
1 centiare = 0.01 are = 10.764 sq foot = 1550 sq
1 m/s2 = 3.28084 ft/s2 = 100 cm/s2 = 39.37 inch per inch = 1 sq meter = 1.19599 sq yard
second squared (inch/s2) 1 circular mil = 1x10-6 circular inch = 5.06707x10-
1 ft/s2 = 0.3048 m/s2 = 30.48 cm/s2 6
sq cm = 7.85398x10-7 sq inch = 0.000507 sq mm =
1 g = 9.80665 m/s2 = 32.17405 ft/s2 = 386.1 in/s2 = 0.7854 sq mill
35 kph/s = 22 mph/s 1 hectare = 2.471 acre 0 100 are = 1x108 sq cm =
107639.1 sq foot = 10000 sq meter = 0.00386 sq
Angle mile = 395.367 sq rod
1 circle = 360 degrees = 400 grades = 21600 1 rood = 1/4 acre = 1011.5 m2 = 40 sq rods = 40 sq
minutes = 6.28318 radians = 12 signs perches
1 circumference = 360 degrees = 6.28318 radians 1 sq rod = 1 sq perch = 30 sq yards = 25.2928 m2 =
1 radian (planar angle) = 0.15915 circumference = 1/160 acre
57.29578 degree = 3437.747 minute = 0.63662 1 arpent = about 0.85 acre = 3439.1 m2
quadrant = 0.15915 revolution = 206265 second 1 Marla = 30.25 Sq. Yards = 25.2928 Sq. Metres =
1 steradian (solid angle) = 1 square radian (sr) 272.25 Sq. Feet = 0.00625 Acre = 0.05 Kanal
= 0.07957 solid angles = 0.1591 hemispheres
= 3282.8 square degrees Current
Area 1 abampere = 10 ampere = 1.03638x10-
acre, are, barn, sq.ft., sq.in., foot2, hectare, inch2, mile2, 4
faraday/sec(chem) = 2.99792x1010 statampere = 1
section, meter2, township, yard2, hectares biot
1 ampere = 0.1 abampere = 1.00015 ampere (Int) =
1 m2 = 1550 in2 = 10.764 ft2 = 1.1968 yd2 = 1 coulomb/sec = 1.03638x10-5 faraday/sec (chem)
3.861x10-7 mile2 1x106 microampere = 1000 milliampere =
1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2 = 144 in2 = 0.1111 yd2 = 3.587x10- 2.99792x109 statampere
8
mile2 1 ampere (Int) = 0.99985 ampere
1 in2 = 645.2 mm2 = 6.452 cm2 = 6.452x10-4 m2 = 1 biot = 10 ampere
6.944x10-3 ft2 = 7.716x10-4 yd2 = 2.491x10-10 mile2
1 yd2 = 0.8361 m2 = 1296 in2 = 9 ft2 = 0.3228x10- Data Rate
6
mile2 1 baud = 1 bps = 0.125 bytes/s
1 mile2 = 2.590x106 m2 = 0.4015x1010 in2 =
2.788x107 ft2 = 3.098x106 yd2=640 Acres Density
1 acre = 1/640 square mile = 0.404686 ha kg/cubic meter, gram/centimeter3, lmb/cubic inch, lbm/cubic
(Hectares) = 4046.86 m2 = 43560.174 Sq.Ft. (Int) = foot, slug/cubic foot, kilogram/cubic meter, lbm/gallon
43560 Sq.Ft. (US Survey) = 4840 Sq.Yds. = 40.46873
are Density Water 1000 kg/m3 = 62.43 Lbs./Cu.Ft = 8.33
1 km2 = 102 ha2 = 106 m2 = 1010 cm2 = 1012 mm2 Lbs./Gal. = 0.1337 Cu.Ft./Gal.
1 ha (Hectare) = 104 m2 = 108 cm2 = 1010 mm2 = 1 lb/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3 = 0.016 g/cm3 = 0.00926
2.471 Acres oz/in3 = 2.57 oz/gal (Imperial) = 2.139 oz/gal (U.S.) =
1 cm2 = 10-4 m2 = 0.155 in2 0.0005787 lb/in3 = 27 lb/yd3 = 0.161 lb/gal
1 mm2 = 1.55x10-3in2 (Imperial) = 0.134 lb/gal (U.S) = 0.0121 ton/yd3
1 township = 36 square mile = 23040 acre = 36 1 slug/ft3 = 515.379 kg/m3
section = 9.323957 107 m2 = 9324 hectare = 93.24 1 kg/l = 62.43 lb/ft3
square kilometer 1 kg/m3 = 0.001 kg/dm3 (kg/l) = 0.000001 kg/cm3 =
1 section = 1 square mile = 2.59 106 m2 = 2.59 1 g/l = 0.001 g/ml = 0.0005780 oz/in3 = 0.16036
square kilometer = 259 hectare = 3.0976 106 square oz/gal (Imperial) = 0.1335 oz/gal (U.S.) = 0.0624
yards = 640 acre = lb/ft3 = 0.000036127 lb/in3 = 1.6856 lb/yd3 =
 0.010022 lb/gal (Imperial) = 0.008345 lb/gal (U.S) = Force
0.0007525 ton(long)/yd3 dyne, kilogram force (kgf), kilopound force, kip, lbf (pound
force), ounce force (avoirdupois), poundal, newton
Energy, Heat, Work
British Thermal Unit (Btu), calorie, joule, kilojoule, electron 1 N (Newton) = 0.1020 kp = 7.233 pdl =
volt, erg, foot lbf, foot poundal, kilocalorie, kilowatt hour, 7.233/32.174 lbf = 0.2248 lbf = 1 (kg m)/s2 =
watt hour, 105 dyne = 1/9.80665 kgf
1 J (Joule) = 0.1020 kpm = 2.778x10-7 kWh = 1 lbf (Pound force) = 4.44822 N = 0.4536 kp = 32.17
2.389x10-4 kcal = 0.7376 ft lbf = 1 (kg m2)/s2 = 1 watt pdl = 4.448x105 dyn
second = 1 Nm = 9.478x10-4 Btu 1 dyne = 1 (g cm)/s2
1 kpm = 9.80665 J = 2.724x10-6 kWh = 2.342x10- 1 kg has a weight of 1 kp
3
kcal = 7.233 ft lbf = 9.295x10-3 Btu 1 kp (Kilopond) = 9.80665 N = 2.205 lbf = 70.93 pdl
1 kWh = 3.6x106 J = 3600 kJ = 3.671x105 kpm = 1 pdl (Poundal) = 0.13826 N = 0.01409 kp = 0.03108
859.9 kcal = 2.656x106 ft lbf = 3.412x103 Btu lbf
1 kJ = 1 kNm = 1kWs = 0.000278 kWh = 103 J = a kip is a non-SI unit of force - it equals 1,000
0.947813 Btu = 737.6 ft lbf = 0.23884 kcal pounds-force
1 Btu (British thermal unit) = 1055.06 J = 107.6 kpm 1 kip = 4448.2216 Newtons (N) = 4.4482216
= 2.92875x10-4 kWh = 251.996 calorie (IT - kilonewtons (kN)
International Table calorie) = 0.252 kcal = 777.649
ft lbf = 1.0544x1010 erg = 0.293 watt hour = Frequency
0.999331 Btu (Int Steam Tab) = 0.998560 Btu 1 hertz = 1 cycle/sec
(mean) = 25020.1 foot-poundal = 107.514 kg force
meter = 1.0751x107 gram-force cm = 0.000393 hp- Heat flow rate
hour = 10.456 liter atm = 1054.35 wattsecond 1 Btu/sec = 1055.1 W
1 cal = 4.186 J 1 kW (kJ/s) = 102.0 kpm/s = 859.9 kcal/h = 3413
1 kcal = 4186.8 J = 426.9 kp m = 1.163x10-3 kWh = Btu/h = 1.360 hk = 1.341 hp = 738 ft lb/s = 1000 J/s
3.088 ft lbf = 3.9683 Btu = 1000 cal = 3.6x106 J/h
1 ft lbf (foot pound force) = 1.3558 J = 0.1383 kp m 1 kpm/s = 9.8067x10-3 kW = 8.432 kcal/h = 32.47
= 3.766x10-7 kWh = 3.238x10-4 kcal = 1.285x10-3 Btu Btu/h = 0.01333 hk = 0.01316 hp = 7.237 ft lb/s
1 hp h (horse power hour) = 2.6846x106 J = 0.7457 1 kcal/h = 1.163x10-3 kW = 0.1186 kpm/s = 3.969
kWh Btu/h = 1.582x10-3 hk = 1.560x10-3 hp = 0.8583 ft
1 erg = 1 (g cm2)/s2 = 10-7 J = 1 dyne-centimeter lb/s
1 electron volt = 1 eV = 1.602x10-19 J 1 Btu/h = 2.931x10-4 kW = 0.0299 kpm/s = 0.252
1 Q = 1018 Btu = 1.055x1021 J kcal/h = 3.986x10-4 hk = 3.939x10-4 hp = 0.2163 ft
1 Quad = 1015 Btu lb/s
1 Therm = 100,000 Btu 1 kcal/h = 1.16x10-3 kW
1 kg m = 7.233 ft lb = 0.00929 Btu = 9.806 Joule 1 hk (metric horse power) = 0.735499 kW = 75.00
kpm/s = 632.5 kcal/h = 2510 Btu/h = 0.9863 hp =
Energy per unit mass 542.8 ft lb/s
1 kJ/kg = 1 J/g = 10-3 GJ/tonne = 0.000278 kWh/kg = 1 hp = 0.74570 kW = 76.04 kpm/s = 641.2 kcal/h =
0.4299 Btu/ lbm = 0.23884 kcal/kg 2545 Btu/h = 1.014 hk = 550.3 ft lb/s
1 Btu/lbm = 2.326 kJ/kg = 0.55 kcal/kg 1 ft lb/s = 1.35501 kW = 0.1382 kpm/s = 1.165
1 kcal/kg = 4.1868 kJ/kg = 1.8 Btu/lbm kcal/h = 4.625 Btu/h = 1.843x10-3 hk = 1.817x10-
3
hp
Energy per unit volume 1 ton of refrigeration = 200 Btu/min
1 Btu/US gal = 278.7 Btu/liter
Heat flux
1 Btu/(ft2 h) = 3.1525 W/m2 = 0.000271
kCal/(cm2 h)
1 kCal/(cm2 h) = 11587 W/m2 = 3690 Btu/(ft2 h)
Heat generation per unit volume picas (printers) 28.4528 point (printers) = 0.00199
1 Btu/ft3 = 8.9 kcal/m3 = 3.73x104 J/m3 rod (US Survey) = 0.01094 yard
1 Btu/ft3 h = 10.343 W/m3 1 mm = 0.03937 in = 1000 micron
1 kcal/m3 = 0.112 Btu/ft3 1 Aangstrom = 1 = 10-10 m = 1x10-8 cm =
3.937x10-9 inch = 1x10-4 micrometer = 0.0001
Heat generation per unit mass micron = 0.1 millimicron
1 Btu/lb = 0.556 kcal/kg = 2326 J/kg 1 fermis (nuclear size) = 1 fm = 10-15 m
1 kcal/kg = 1.800 Btu/lb 1 mile = 1.6093 km = 1609.3 m = 63346 in = 5280 ft
= 1760 yd
Heat transfer coefficient 1 mil (Norway and Sweden) = 10 kilometres
1 Btu/(ft2 h oF) = 5.678 W/(m2 K) = 4.882 kcal/(h 1 nm (nautical mile, sea mile) = 1852 metres =
m2 oC) 1.151 mile = 6076.1 feet = 0.016667 degree of
1 W/(m2 K) = 0.85984 kcal/(h m2 oC) = 0.1761 latitude
Btu/(ft2 h oF) 1 yd (yard) = 0.9144 m = 36 in = 3 ft = 5.682x10-
1 kcal/(h m2 oC) = 1.163 W/(m2 K) = 0.205 4
mile
Btu/(ft2 h oF) 1 Furlong = 660 feet = 40 rods = 1/8 mile
1 rod = 5.5 yards = 1 pole = 1 perch = 16 1/2 ft =
Hydraulic Gradients 5.029 m
1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0.44 psi/100 ft = 9.8 kPa/100 m = 1 land league = 3 miles
1000 mmH2O/100 m 1 Fathom = 6 feet = 1.828804 meters
1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 1 Astronomical Unit = Average Distance between
ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m the Earth and the Sun = 1.495978x1011 m
1 cable (UK) = 0.00167 degree latitude = 185.37
Information Storage meter
1 bit = 0.125 byte (computers) 1 cable length (US Survey) = 120 fathom (US
1 byte = 8 bit Survey) = 720 foot (U.S. Survey) = 219.456 meter
1 caliber = 0.01 inch = 0.254 mm
Length 1 chain (Gunter or U.S. Survey) = 2011.7 centimeter
feet, meters, centimeters, kilometers, miles, furlongs, = 66.00013 foot = 66 foot (U.S. Survey) = 0.1
yards, micrometers, inches,angstrom, cubit, fathom, foot, Furlong (U.S. Survey) = 792 inch (U.S. Survey) = 100
hand, league, light year, micron, mil, nautical mile, rod, link (Gunter) = 66.00013 link (Ramden) = 20.117
meter = 0.0125 mile (US statute) = 4 rod (U.S.
1 m (meter) = 3.280839895 ft (International) = Survey) = 22 yard (U.S. Survey)
39.37 in = 1.0936 yd = 6.214x10-4 mile = 1 engineer's chain = 100 ft = 100 links = 30.48 m
3.28083333333 ft (U.S. Survey) 1 light year = 63241.08 Astronomical Units (AU) =
1 km = 0.6214 mile = 3281 ft = 1094 yds 9.46053x1015 m = 5.8786x1012 mile (US statute) =
1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m = 0.306601 parsec
0.08333 ft = 0.02778 yd = 1.578x10-5 mile 1 parsec (pc) = the distance at which one AU would
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m = 12 in = 0.3333 yd = subtend a second of arc = 3.085678 x 1016 m =
1.894x10-4 mile = 30.48 cm = 304.8 mm 3.261633 ly = 206265 AU
1 ft (U.S. Survey) = 1.000002 ft (International)
1 ft (International) = 0.999998 ft (U.S. Survey) Level
1 mm = 10-3 m 1 decibel (dB) = 8.685890 neper (Np)
1 cm = 10-2 m = 0.3937 in = 0.0328 ft = Luminous Emittance (Illuminance)
1x108 Aangstrom = 0.03281 foot = 0.0984 hand 1 lumen/sq ft = 1 foot candle = 1x104 lux = 1 phot
(horses) = 0.3937 inch = 1x10-5 kilometer = 0.0497 1 lux = 0.0929 foot candle = 1 lumen /sq meter =
link (Gunter) = 0.0328 (Ramden) = 10000 0.0001 phot
micrometer = 10000 micron = 5.3996x10-6 mile Luminous Flux
(naut) = 6.2137x10-6 mile (US statute) = 10 1 candle power = 12.566 lumen
millimeter = 1x107 millimicron = 393.7 mil = 2.371 1 lumen = 1 candela steradian = 0.07958 candle
power (spherical) = 0.0015 watt
Luminous Intensity 1 apothecary pound = 12 apothecary ounces
1 candela = 1.091 hefner candle (Germ) = 1 1 pennyweight = 24 grains
lumen/steradian 1 Gal. H2O = 8.33 Lbs. H2O
Luminous Intensity Density 1 cental (US) = 45.359 kilogram = 100 pound
1 candela/m2 = 0.0001 1 carat (metric) = 3.0865 grain = 0.2 gram = 200
lumen/centimeter2/steradian = 0.0929 milligram
lumen/foot2/steradian = 0.000314 lambert 1 hectogram = 100 gram = 0.26769 pound (apoth
Magnetic Flux or troy) = 0.2205 pound (avdp)
1 weber (Wb) = 1000 milliWeber (mWb) = 1000000 1 u (atomic mass) = 1/12 atomic mass units of with
microWeber (Wb) = 1 V s = 100000000 maxwell (Mx) = 1 the carbon-12 atom (definition of atomic mass) =
tesla square meter (T m2). 1.66054 x 10-27 kg = 931.494 MeV
Density, Specific Weight and Specific Gravity - An
Magnetic Flux Density introduction and definition of density, specific
1 gamma flux = 1x10-5 gauss = 1 x10-6 gram = 1 weight and specific gravity. Formulas with
microgram = 1x10-9 tesla examples.
1 gauss = 0.9997 gauss (Int) = 1x105 gamma = 1
gilbert/cm = 1 maxwell/sq cm = 1 line/sq cm = Molar
6.4516 line/sq inch = 1x10-4 tesla = 1x10-8weber/sq 1 molar = 1 mole/liter
cm = 6.452x10-8 weber/sq inch = 1x10-4 weber/sq
meter Mole
1 mol = 1 moles = 0.001 kilomole = 10 decimole =
Magnetic Force 100 centimole = 1000 milimole = 6.0221415
1 gilbert = 0.7957 ampere (A) = 0.7957 ampere turn 1023 atom = 6.0221415 1023 molecule
(At)
Nautical Measure
Mass, Weight 1 league = 3 nautical miles
pounds, kilograms, grams, ounces, grains, tons (long), tons 1 nautical mile = 6067.10 feet = 1.1508 statute
(short), tons (metric), carat, grain, ounce mass, pound mass miles
(lbm), slug, tonne 1 knot (nautical unit of speed) = 1 nautical mile per
1 kg = 1,000 gram = 2.2046 lb = 6.8521x10-2 slug hour
1 lbm = 16 oz = 0.4536 kg = 453.6 g = 7000 grains = one degree at the equator = 60 nautical miles =
0.03108 slug 69.047 statute miles
1 slug = 14.594 kg = 32.174 lbm 360 degrees = 21600 nautical miles = 24856.8
1 grain = 0.000143 lb = 0.0648 g statute miles = circumference at equator
1 g = 15.43 grains = 0.0353 oz = 0.002205 lb
1 qt = 0.9464 liters Power
1 metric ton (or tonne) = 1 tonne mtrique = 1000 horsepower, kilowatt, watt,btu/second, calorie/second,
kg = 106 g = 109 mg = 1.10231131 short tons foot lbf/second, kilocalorie/second
1 short ton = 2000 lbs = 907.18474 kg 1 W = 1 kg m2/s3 = 1 Nm/s = 1 J/s = 10000000 ergs
1 long ton = 2240 pounds = 1,016.0469088 kg per second
1 oz (ounce) = 28.35 g = 437.5 grains = 0.0625 lb = 1 kW = 1000 Watts = 3412 Btu/h = 737.6/550
0.0000279 long ton (UK) = 0.00003125 long ton British hp = 1.341 British hp = 103/9.80665 kgf m/s =
(US) = 0.000558 long hundredweight (UK) = 737.6 ft lbf/s = 103/(9.80665 75) metric hp
0.000625 long hundredweight (US) = 0.004464 1 hp (English horse power) = 745.7 W = 0.746 kW =
stone = 16 dram 550 ft lb/s = 2545 Btu/h = 33000 ft lb/m = 1.0139
1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces metric horse power ~= 1.0 KVA
1 troy ounce = 1/12 troy pound = 31.1034768 1 horsepower (mech) = 2542.47 Btu (mean)/hr =
grams = 480 grains 42.375 Btu (mean)/min = 0.7062 Btu (mean)/sec =
1 scruple = 20 grains 6.416x105 calorie/hr (termo) = 6.412x105calorie
1 dram = 3 scruples (IST)/hr = 6.4069x105 calorie(mean)/hr = 10694
1 apothecary ounce = 8 drams calorie/min (thermo) = 10686 calorie (IST)/min =
 10678 calorie (mean)/min = 10.686 calorie, kg/min 1 W/m2 = 0.3170 Btu/(h ft2) = 0.85984 kcal/(h m2)
(IST) = 7.457x109 erg/sec = 1980000 foot pound-
force/hr = 33000 foot pound-force/min = 550 foot Pressure
pound-force/sec = 0.076 horsepower (boiler) = atmosphere, centimeters of mercury, foot of water, bar,
0.9996 horsepower (electric) = 1.0139 horsepower barye, centimeter of water, dyne/centimeter2, inch of
(metric) = 745.7 joule/sec = 0.7457 kilowatt = mercury, inch of water, kgf/centimeter2, kgf/meter2,
0.7456 kilowatt (Int) = 0.212 ton of refrigeration = lbf/foot2, lbf/inch2 (psi), millibar, millimeter of mercury,
745.7 watt pascal, torr, newton/meter2
1 horsepower (boiler) = 33445.6 Btu (mean)/hr =
140671.6 calorie/min (thermo) = 140469.4 calorie Standard Atmospheric Pressure 1 atm = 101.325
(mean)/min = 140742.3 calorie (20oC)/min kN/m2 = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa = 14.7 psia = 0
9.8095x1010 erg/sec = 434107 foot-pound- psig = 29.92 in mmHg = 760 torr = 33.95 Ft.H2O =
force/min = 13.1548 horsepower (mech) = 13.1495 407.2 In.W.G (Water Gauge) = 2116.8 Lbs./Sq.Ft.
horsepower (electric) = 13.3372 horsepower 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa = 1.4504x10-4 lbf/in2 (psi) = 0.02089
(metric) = 13.1487 horsepower (water) = 9809.5 lbf/ft2 (psf) = 1x10-5 bar = 4.03x10-3 in water =
joule/sec = 9.8095 kilowatt 0.336x10-3 ft water = 0.1024 mm water = 0.295x10-
1 horsepower (electric) = 2547.16 Btu/hr (thermo) 3
in mercury = 7.55x10-3 mm mercury = 0.1024
= 2545.46 Btu (IST)/hr = 2543.49 Btu (mean)/hr = kp/m2 = 0.993x10-5 atm
178.298 calorie/sec (thermo) = 641.87 calorie, 1 Pa = 10-6 N/mm2 = 10-5 bar = 0.1020 kp/m2 =
kg/hr (thermo) = 7.46x109 erg/sec = 33013 foot 1.02x10-4 m H2O = 9.869x10-6 atm = 1.45x10-4 psi
pound-force/min = 550.2 foot pound-force/sec = (lbf/in2)
1.0004 horsepower (mech) = 0.07605 horsepower 1 N/mm2 = 106 Pa = 1 MPa = 10 bar =
(boiler) = 1.01428 horsepower (metric) = 0.99994 1.020x105 kp/m2 = 102.0 m H2O = 9.869 atm =
horsepower (water) = 746 joule/sec = 0.746 145.0 psi (lbf/in2)
kilowatt = 746 watt 1 mmHg = 1 torr = 0.01934 lb/in2
1 horsepower (metric) = 2511.3 Btu/hr (thermo) = 1 atm = 101,325 Pa (N/m2) = 1.013x102 kN/m2 =
2509.6 Btu (IST)/hr = 2507.7 Btu (mean)/hr = 1.033x104 kp/m2 = 1.033 kp/cm2 = 1.013 bar =
6.328x105 calorie/hr (thermo) = 6.324x105 calorie 14.696 psi (lb/in2) = 407.1 in H2O at 62 0F (16.7 oC) =
(IST)/hr = 6.319x105 calorie (mean)/hr = 33.9 ft H2O at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 10.33 m H2O at 62 0F
7.35x109 ergs/sec = 32548.6 foot pound-force/min (16.7 oC) = 29.92 in mercury at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 760
= 542.476 foot pound-force/sec = 0.9863 mm mercury at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 760 torr
horsepower (mech) = 0.07498 horsepower (boiler) 1 bar = 1x105 Pa (N/m2) = 0.1 N/mm2 = 10197
= 0.9859 horsepower (electric) = 0.98587 kp/m2 = 10.20 m H2O = 0.98692 atm = 14.5038 psi
horsepower (water) = 75 kg-force meter/sec (kg (lbf/in2) = 1x106 dyne/sq cm = 750 mmHg =
m/s) = 0.7355 kilowatt = 735.499 W = 75 kg m/s 1x106 barye (French) = 75.0062 cm Hg (0oC) =
1 horsepower (water) = 33015 foot pound- 33.4883 ft H2O (60oF) = 1019.72 gram-force/sq cm
force/min = 1.00046 horsepower (mech) = 0.07605 = 29.530 in Hg (32oF) = 1.01972 kg-force/sq cm =
horsepower (boiler) = 1.00006 horsepower 1000 millibar = 2088.54 pound-force/sq foot
(electric) = 1.01434 horsepower (metric) = 1 kp/m2 = 9.81 Pa (N/m2) = 9.807x10-6 N/mm2 = 10-
3
0.746043 kilowatt m H2O = 1 mm H2O = 0.9681x10-4 atm = 1.422x10-
1 refrigeration Ton = 12000 Btu/h cooling = 3.516 3
psi (lb/in2) = 0.0394 in H2O = 0.0736 mm mercury
kW = 3025.9 k Calories/h 1 psi (lb/in2) = 0.001 ksi = 144 psf (lbf/ft2) = 6894.8
1 cooling tower Ton = 15000 Btu/h = 3782 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm2 = 6.895x10-2 bar =
k Calories/h 27.71 in H2O at 62oF (16.7oC) = 703.1 mm H2O at
1 ft lb/s = 1.3558 W 62oF (16.7oC) = 2.0416 in mercury at 62oF (16.7oC) =
1 Btu/s = 1055.1 W 51.8 mm mercury at 62oF (16.7oC) = 703.6 kg/m2 =
1 Btu/h = 1 Btuh = 0.293 W = 0.001 MBH 0.06895 atm = 2.307 Ft. H2O = 16 ounces
1 cheval vapeur (French) = 0.98632 horsepower 1 ksi = 1000 psi
1 psf (lbf/ft2) = 47.88 N/m2 (Pa) = 0.006944
lbf/in2 (psi)
Power per unit area 1 dyn/cm2 = 145.04x10-7 lbf/in2
 1 in mercury (Hg) = 3,376.8 N/m2= 0.49 lb/in2 = T(oF) = [T(oC)](9/5) + 32
12.8 in water T(oF) = [T(K) - 273.15](9/5) + 32
1 Ounce = 1.73 In.W.C. T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]
1 ft H2O = 0.4335 psi (lb/in2) = 62.43 lb/ft2 =
2986 Pa Time
1 in water (in H2O) = 248.8 N/m2 (Pa) = 0.0361 year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond
lb/in2 (psi) = 25.4 kg/m2 = 0.0739 in mercury (in Hg) 1 h = 3600 s = 60 min
1 m H2O = 9806.7 Pa = 9.807x10-3 N/mm2 = 0.0987 1 ms (millisecond) = 10-3 s
bar = 1000 kp/m2 = 0.09678 atm = 1.422 psi (lbf/in2) 1 s (microsecond) = 10-6 s
1 mm water = 9.81 Pa (N/m2) = 1 kg/m2 = 0.0736 1 ns (nanosecond) = 10-9 s
mm mercury = 0.9677x10-4 atm 1 day (mean solar) = 1.0027379 day (sidereal) = 24
1 mm mercury = 0.0193 lb/in2 (psi) = 133 N/m2 = hour (mean solar) = 24.06571 hour (sidereal) =
12.8 mm water 0.0027397 year (calendar) = 0.002738 year
1 barye (French) = 1.0 dyne/sq cm = 0.10 (sidereal) = 0.002738 year (tropical)
newton/sq meter = 0.10 Pascal 1 second = 9192631770 cycles of the standard Cs-
Note! When using pressure units based on liquid columns 133 transition (the definition of the second)
(like mm Water, in Water, mm Hg ...) - be aware that
densities of liquids varies with temperature. For more exact Torque, Moment
conversions consult temperature density sources for the foot-pound torque, newton-meter
actual liquids. 1 ft lb = 1.356 Nm = 0.138 Kilogram meters =
13.821 Kilogram centimeters = 1355.014 milli
Rotation Newton meters = 13817.073 Gram centimeters =
revolutions 191.87 Ounce inches = 12 lb in
1 r/min (rpm) = 0.01667 r/s = 0.105 rad/s 1 Nm = 0.102 Kilogram meters = 10.2 Kilogram
1 r/s = 60 r/min = 6.28 rad/s centimeters = 1000 milli Newton meters =
1 rad/s = 9.55 r/min (rpm) = 0.159 r/s (rps) 10197 Gram centimeters = 141.6 Ounce inches =
8.851 lb in = 0.738 lb ft
Specific energy, enthalpy, entropy
1 Btu/lbm = 2326.1 J/kg = 0.55556 kcal/kg = 778.2 ft Velocity, Speed
lbf / lbm = 3.9 10-4 hp hr / lbm = 5.4 lbf/in2 / lbm/ft3 = foot/second, inch/second, meter/second, kilometer/hour,
0.237 kp m / g = 5.56 10-4 kcal/g = 2.326 kJ/kg knot, mile/hour,nautical mile per hour
1 J/kg = 4.299x10-4 Btu/lbm = 2.388x10-4 kcal/kg 1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
1 kcal/kg = 1.80 Btu/lbm = 4187 J/kg 1 ft/min = 5.08x10-3 m/s = 0.0183 km/h = 0.0114
mph
Stress 1 mph = 0.44703 m/s = 1.609 km/h = 88 ft/min =
1 psi (lb/in2) = 144 psf (lbf/ft2)= 6894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 5280 ft/hr = 1.467 Ft./sec. = 0.8684 knots
6.895x10-3 N/mm2 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 196.85 ft/min = 2.237 mph
1 N/m2 = 1 Pa = 10-6 N/mm2 = 1.4504x10-4 lb/in2 1 km/h = 0.2778 m/s = 54.68 ft/min = 0.6214 mph =
Surveyor's Measure 0.5396 knot
1 mile = 8 furlongs = 80 chains 1 knot (nautical mile per hour) = 0.514444444 m/s
1furlong = 10 chains = 220 yards = 1.852 kilometers per hour = 1.1515 miles per
1 chain = 4 rods = 22 yards = 66 feet = 100 links hour= 1 nautical miles per hour
1 link = 7.92 inches 1 League = 3.0 Miles
1 cm/sec = 1.9685 foot/min = 0.0328 foot/sec =
Temperature 0.036 km/hr = 0.0194 knots (Int) = 0.6 meter/min =
temperature 0.02237 mile/hr = 0.000373 mile/min
celsius, rankine, kelvin, centigrade, fahrenheit,
1 oC (dt) = 1.8 oF (dt ) - temperature difference
1 oF (dt) = 0.555 oC (dt) - temperature difference
0 oC corresponds to 32 oF, 273.16 K and 491.69 R
1 oR (Rankine) = 5/9 K (Kelvin)
Viscosity Dynamic, Absolute 1 Imp. gallon (UK) = 4.546x10-3 m3 = 4.546 dm3 =
1 lb/(ft s) = 1.4879 Pa s = 14.88 P = 1488 cP = 0.1605 ft3 = 5.946x10-3 yd3 = 1.201 gal (US)
0.1517 (kp s)/m2 1 dm3 (Liter) = 10-3 m3 = 0.03532 ft3 = 1.308x10-
1 cP (Centipoise) = 10-3 Pa s = 0.01 Poise = 3
yd3 = 0.220 Imp gal (UK) = 0.2642 Gallons (US) =
1.020x10-4 kp s/m2 = 6.721x10-4 lb/(ft s) = 0.00100 1.057 Quarts = 2.113 Pints
(N s)/m2 = 0.01 gram/(cm sec) = 2.4191 lb/(ft hr) 1 yd3 = 0.7646 m3 = 764.6 dm3 = 27 ft3 = 168.2 Imp.
1 kg/(m s ) = 1 (N s)/m2 = 0.6720 lbm/(ft s) = 10 gal (UK) = 202.0 gal (US) = 46,656 Cu.In. = 1616
Poise Pints = 807.9 Quarts = 764.6 Liters
1 P (Poise) = 0.1 Pa s = 100 cP = 1.020x10-2 kp 1 pint (pt) = 0.568 dm3 (liter) = 16 fl. oz. (fluid
s/m2 = 6.721x10-2 lb/(ft s) = 0.1 kg/ms ounce) = 28.88 in3
1 Pa s (N s/m2) = 10 P (Poise) = 103 cP = 0.1020 kp 1 km3 = 109 m3 = 1012 dm3 (liter) = 1015 cm3 =
s/m2 = 0.6721 lb/(ft s) 1018 mm3
1 kp s/m2 = 9.80665 Pa s = 98.07 P = 9,807 cP = 1 cm3 = 0.061 in3 = 0.00042 board foot =
6.591 lb/(ft s) 2.7496x10-5 bushel (UK) = 2.8378x10-5 bushel (US,
1 reyns = 1 1bf s/in2 = 6894.76 Pa s dry) = 3.5315x10-5 cu foot = 0.06102 cu inch = 1x10-
Dynamic, Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity - An 6
cu meter = 1.308x10-6 cu yard = 0.28156 drachm
introduction to dynamic, absolute and kinematic (UK, liq) = 0.27051 dram (US, liq) = 0.000227 gallon
viscosity and how to convert between CentiStokes (UK) = 0.00027 gallon (US, dry) = 0.000264 gallon
(cSt), CentiPoises (cP), Saybolt Universal Seconds (US, liq) = 0.0074 gill (UK) = 0.00845 gill (US) =
(SSU) and degree Engler. 0.001 liter = 0.035195 ounce (UK, liq) = 0.033814
ounce (US, liq) = 0.00182 pint (US, dry) = 0.00211
Viscosity Kinematic pint (US, liq) = 0.00088 quart (UK) = 0.00091 quart
1 ft2/s = 0.0929 m2/s (US, dry) = 0.00106 quart (US, liq)
1 ft2/ h = 2.581x10-5m2/s 1 m3 = 103 dm3 (liter) = 35.31 ft3 = 1.3093 yd3 =
1 St (Stokes) = 1x10-4 m2/s = 100 cSt = 1.076x10- 220.0 Imp. gal (UK) = 264.2 gal (US) = 61023 Cu.In.
3 2
ft /s = 35.31 Cu.Ft = 0.1 decistere
1 m2/s = 104 St = 106 cSt = 10.764 ft2/s= 38750 ft2/h 1 Hogshead = 63 gallon = 8.42184 Cu.Ft
1 cSt (centiStoke) = 10-6 m2/s = 0.01 Stokes = 1 barrel (UK) = 1.5 bag (UK) = 1.41541 barrel (US,
1.076x10-5 ft2/s = 1 square mm/sec dry) = 1.37251 barrel (US, liq) = 4.5 bushel (UK) =
4.64426 bushel (US, dry) = 5.77957 cu ft = 0.16366
Volume cu meter = 36 gallon (UK) = 163.6592 liter
barrel, gallon, cubic centimeter (cm3), cubic feet (foot3), 1 barrel beer = 31.5 gallons beer
cubic inch (inch3), cubic meter (meter3), cubic yard (yard3), 1 barrel whiskey = 45 gallons whiskey
quarts, liters, acre foot, board foot, bushel, cord, cup, dram, 1 barrel (US, oil) = 1.33 barrel (US, liq) = 5.61458 cu
fluid ounce, peck, pint, quart, tablespoon, teaspoon, foot = 42 gallons (US, liq) = 158.9873 liter
1 ft3 = 0.02832 m3= 28.32 dm3 = 0.03704 yd3 = 1 barrel (US, dry) = 0.969696 barrel (US, liq) =
6.229 Imp. gal (UK) = 7.481 gal (US) = 1,728 cu inch 3.28122 bushel (US, dry) = 4.0833 cu ft = 7056 cu
= 2.296x10-5 acre foot = 12 board foot (timber) = inch = 0.11563 cu meter = 104.999 quart (US, dry)
0.7786 bushel (UK) = 0.8036 bushel (US, dry) = 1 barrel (US, liq) = 1.03125 barrel (US, dry) = 0.75
0.00781 cord (firewood) = 0.0625 cord foot barrel (US, oil) = 4.2109 cu foot = 7276.5 cu inch =
(timber) = 28316.8 cu centimeter = 6.42851 gallon 0.11924 cu meter = 26.22924 gallon (UK) = 31.5
(US, dry) = 7.48052 gallon (US, liq) = 28.3168 liter = gallon (US, liq) = 119.24 liter =
996.614 ounce (UK, liq) = 957.506 ounce (US, liq) = 1 bushel = 1.2445 Cu.Ft. = 32 Quarts (Dry) = 64
51.4281 pint (US, dry) = 59.84442 pint (US, liq) = Pints (dry) = 4 Pecks
25.714 quart (US, dry) = 29.922 quart (US, liq) 1 bushel (UK) = 0.3333 bag (UK) = 1.03206 bushel
1 in3 = 1.6387x10-5 m3 = 1.639x10-2 dm3 (liter) = (US) = 36368.7 cu cm = 1.28435 cu foot = 2219 cu
16.39 cm3 = 16390 mm3 = 0.000579 ft3 inch = 8 gallon (UK) = 36.3687 liter
1 Gallon (U.S.) = 3.785x10-3 m3 = 3.785 dm3 (liter) = 1 bushel (US, dry) = 0.30476 barrel (US, dry) =
231 in3 = 0.13368 ft3 = 4.951x10-3 yd3 = 0.8327 Imp. 0.96894 bushel (UK) = 35239.07 cu cm = 1.24446
gal (UK) = 4 Quarts = 8 Pints cu foot = 2150.42 cu inch = 0.03524 cu meter
0.04609 cu yard = 8 gallon (US, dry) = 9.30918
 gallon (US, liq) = 35.23907 liter = 1191.57 ounce 1 ft3/min = 1.7 m3/h = 0.47 l/s = 62.43 Lbs.H2O/Min.
(US, liq) = 4 peck (US) = 64 pint (US, dry) = 32 quart 1 dm3(litre)/s = 10-3 m3/s = 3.6 m3/h = 0.03532 ft3/s
(US, dry) = 37.23671 quart (US, liq) = 2.1189 ft3/min (cfm) = 13.200 Imp.gal (UK)/min =
1 quart (qt) = 2 pints = 57.75 in3 = 1/8 dry quarts 15.852 gal (US)/min = 792 Imp. gal (UK)/h
1 fluid ounce (fl. oz.) = 2 tablespoons = 1.805 in3 = 1 dm3(litre)/s = 60 litre/min = 3600 litre/h
29.574 milliliters 1 ft3/s = 0.0283168 m3/s = 101.9 m3/h = 28.32
1 cord (firewood) = 128 cu foot = 8 cord foot dm3(litre)/s = 60 ft3/min = 373.7 Imp.gal (UK)/min =
(timber) = 3.6246 cu meter 448.9 gal (US)/min
1 cord foot (timber) = 0.125 cord (firewood) = 16 cu 1 Imp.gal (UK)/min = 7.57682x10-5 m3/s = 0.273
foot m3/h = 0.0758 dm3(litre)/s = 2.675x10-3 ft3/s =
1 peck = 8 dry quarts 0.1605 ft3/min = 1.201 gal (US)/min
1 cup = 8 fl.oz. (fluid ounce) 1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.227 m3/h =
1 cup (metric) = 200 milliliter 0.06309 dm3(litre)/s = 2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337
1 cup, tea = 0.25 pint = 142.06 milliliter ft3/min = 0.8327 Imperial gal (UK)/min
1 board foot = piece of lumber 1 foot wide x 1 foot
long x 1 inch thick = 2359.74 cu cm = 0.083333 cu
foot = 144 cu inch
1 acre foot = 43560 cu foot = 1233.482 cu meter =
1613.33 cu yard = 3.259x105 gallon (US liquid)
1 acre inch = 3630 cu foot = 102.7901531 cu meter
= 134.44 cu yard = 27154.286 gallon (US)
1 bucket (UK) = 18184.35 cu cm = 4 gallon (UK)
1 butt (UK. liq) = 16.2549 bushel (US) = 20.2285 cu
foot = 0.57281 cu meter = 151.3197 gallon (US)
1 chaldron (UK, liq) = 36 bushel (UK)
1 dram (US, liq) = 3.6967 cu cm = 0.225586 cu inch
= 1.04084 drachm (UK, liq) = 0.03125 gill (US) =
3.69669 millimeter = 60 minim (US) = 0.125 ounce
(US, liq) = 0.0078125 pint (US, liq)
1 fifth (US, liq) = 17.067 jigger (US, liq) = 0.75708
liter = 25.6 ounce (US, liq) = 1.6 pint (US, liq) = 25.6
pony (US, liq) = 0.8 quartt (US, liq) = 25.6 shot (US,
liq)
1 firkin (UK) = 1.125 bushel (UK) = 40914.8 cu cm =
1.44489 cu foot = 1.20095 firkin (US) = 9 gallon (UK)
= 40.91481 liter = 72 pint (UK)
1 hectoliter = 2.7496 bushel (UK) = 2.8378 bushel
(US, dry) = 1x105 cu cm = 3.5315 cu foot = 26.417
gallon (US, liq) = 100 liter = 3381.4 ounce (US, liq) =
11.351 peck (US)

Volume Flow
1 dm3/s (kg/s water) = 13.20 Imp. gal (UK)/min
1 m3/s = 3600 m3/h = 1000 dm3(liter)/s = 35.32
ft3/s = 2118.9 ft3/min = 13200 Imp.gal (UK)/min =
15852 gal (US)/min
1 m3/h = 2.7778x10-4 m3/s = 0.2778 dm3(litre)/s =
9.810x10-3 ft3/s = 0.5886 ft3/min (cfm) = 3.667
Imp.gal (UK)/min = 4.403 gal (US)/min
1 m3/h = 103 dm3(litre)/h = 16.67 dm3(litre)/min =
0.27878 dm3(litre)/s