BRAKE ACTUATING UNIT.

ii. Non - Energizing Brakes:

1) Most common type of brake used on modern aircraft.
2) This type of brake is actuated by hydraulic pressure.
3) Amount of braking action depends upon the amount of
pressure applied.

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TYPES OF ENERGIZING BRAKES.
i. Drum Type Brake:
1) Similar to those used on automobile.
2) In a form of dual/two way servo brakes.
3) Used on small aircraft is in a form of single/one way
servo brakes.
4) Have their shoe lining mounted on a torque plate in
such a way, it is the linings are free to move out against
the rotating drum.

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TYPES OF ENERGIZING BRAKES.
i. Drum Type Brake (continued):
5) When the brakes are applied, two piston in the brakes
cylinder will move out and push the lining against a
cylindrical cast iron drum that rotates together with the
wheel.
6) Friction attempts to rotate the lining but they are held in
place by the cylinder assembly.

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TYPES OF ENERGIZING BRAKES.
i. Drum Type Brake (continued):
7) Rotation of the brake drum wedges the lining tightly
against the assembly.
8) When hydraulic pressure is release, the retracting
spring pulls the lining back from the drum and releases
the brakes.

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TYPES OF ENERGIZING BRAKES.
i. Drum Type Brake (continued):
9) One of the disadvantage is brake fading, which is the
friction produce, heats up the drum and causes the
open end of the lining to expand in a bell mouthed
fashion.
10) The drum expends away from the linings and the friction
decreases.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
i. Single Disk Brake:
1) The most popular brake for modern light aircraft.
2) This type of brake is actuated by the hydraulic pressure
from the master brake cylinder.
3) Friction is produce when the rotating disk is squeezed
between two brake lining in the caliper.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
i. Single Disk Brake (continued):
4) There are 2 types of single disk brake:
a) Floating disk/Fixed caliper the disc is keyed into the wheel
and the disc is free to move in and out as the brake is being
applied.
b) Fixed disk/Floating caliper the disc is rigidly attached to the
wheel and the caliper is free to moves in and out on two
anchor bolts.

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AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR
TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
ii. Dual Disk Brake:
1) Aircraft that need more braking force, rather than uses a
single disc brake, it uses a dual disc brake.
2) Similar to a single disc, except that two disc is rotating
with the wheel rather than only one disc.
3) There is a center carrier with brake lining pucks on both
sides between these disc.

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AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR
TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iii. Expander Tube Brake:
1) Use a heavy and flat tube made out of synthetic rubber
compound (neoprene) and fabric.
2) It is stretched over a circular brake frame between the
side flanges.
3) Has a nozzle that is connected with the hydraulic fluid
line by means of suitable fittings.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iii. Expander Tube Brake (continued):
4) Brake block are made of material similar to that used for
molded brake lining.
5) The block have notches at each corner to engage with
lugs on the brake frame and to prevent movement with
the brake drum as it rotates.
6) There are grooves across the ends of each blocks and
the flat return springs are inserted in these grooves.
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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iii. Expander Tube Brake (continued):
7) Ends of the spring fit into slots in the side flanges of the
brake frame, holding the block firmly against the
expander tube and keeping them from dragging when
the brake is release.
8) Hydraulic fluid expand the tube when the brake is
applied thus the expansion of the tube forces the block
radially outward against the rotating brake drum.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iii. Expander Tube Brake (continued):
9) The lining provided friction and slows the aircraft
movement.
10) When the pressure is released, the flat spring (leaf
spring) in the ends of the block tends to force the fluid
out of the expander tube to pull the block away from
contact with the brake drum.

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AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR
TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iii. Expander Tube Brake (continued):
11) Used on small airplane as Piper Cub to Boeing B-29
Super Fortress bomber.
12) As a reminder, no pressure should be applied when
expander tube not restrained by drum brake, dummy
brake should be fitted when brake drum is removed for
servicing or maintenance purposes.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
1) Thin Disc Multiple disc brake.
a) Was popular type of brake for heavy aircraft in WWII.
b) Provide maximum friction for minimum size and weight and
does not fade when the brake gets hot.
c) Disadvantages if this type of brake is the tendency of the disc
to warp up and causing the brake to drag and need manual
adjustment as the disc wore.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake (continued):
1) Thin Disc Multiple disc brake (continued).
d) The brake has a series of steel disc called stator that keyed
to the axle.
e) A rotor or rotating disc that is made out of copper or bronze
rotates between each other.
f) The disc brake are approximately 1/8 of an inch thick and get
very hot when the brake is being used.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake (continued):
1) Thin Disc Multiple disc brake (continued).
g) The disc form such solid mass of material that the heat has
difficulties of escaping.
h) If pilot sets the parking brake moment after using these
brakes, the brakes entrap heat will warp the disc.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
2) Segmented Rotor Multiple Disc Brake.
a) Is a heavy duty brakes designed for the use with high
pressure hydraulic system using power brake control valves
or power boost mater cylinder.
b) Braking action results from several sets of stationary high-
friction type of brake lining making contact with rotating (rotor)
segments.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
2) Segmented Rotor Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
c) Consisting of rotating disc or rotor that is keyed into the
wheel.
d) Between the rotors is a stator plate or brake lining that are
keyed to the axle.
e) Riveted to each side of each stator plate are linings or wear
pads that are made out of material that retain its friction
characteristic under the condition that are extremely high
temperature.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
2) Segmented Rotor Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
f) A pressure plate and a backing plate completes the brake
constructions.
g) An automatic adjuster is attach to the pressure plate and
pushes it back when the hydraulic pressure to the brake is
released.
h) When pressure is applied to the brake, the pressure plate
compressed the return spring on the indicator pin and as the
lining wears, the pin is pulled through its friction collar.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
2) Segmented Rotor Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
i) It is a pressed fit, so that as the brake is released, the grip of
the friction collar pulls the pressure plate back as much as the
adjuster housing will allow.
j) Each time brakes are applied, they automatically adjust for
the wear of each lining.
k) The amount the automatic adjuster pin sticks out of the
retainer housing is an indication of the condition of the brake
lining.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
3) Carbon Disc Multiple Disc Brake.
a) The latest development in aircraft brakes are multiple disc
brake that are made out of carbon composite materials.
b) The carbon composite brake weight 40% less.
c) Able to function in even higher temperature with more
reliability than the conventional steel segmented rotor brakes.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
3) Carbon Disc Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
d) 3 types of carbon fiber reinforcement can be used in carbon
disc brake in a process that can take up to 5 months to make
each carbon composite.
e) Carbon fibers are molded into precise shape and the resulting
disc then are baked in special ovens( autoclave), which
introduce natural gas.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
3) Carbon Disc Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
f) Carbon composite posses several unique properties that
permits the combining of the overall brake disc function of
friction surface, heat sink and structural member into a single
unit.
g) These unique properties are:
Strength does not decrease at elevated temperatures.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
3) Carbon Disc Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
g) These unique properties are (continued):
When rubbed against itself, can perform excellent as a
friction material.
High temperature usage (between 3200F to 3400F).
Good thermal conductivity characteristic that serve to
dissipate the heat rapidly.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.
iv. Multiple Disc Brake:
3) Carbon Disc Multiple Disc Brake (continued).
g) These unique properties are (continued):
Less weight compared to steel disc.
Offers reduced maintenance cost (carbon brake disc
averagely make approximately between 1200 to 1500
landing a year, but steel brake just approximately 100
landing a year).
Used to be a standard equipment for Concorde aircraft.

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TYPES OF NON - ENERGIZING BRAKES.

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