MUSCLE OF THE FACE

Develop : 2nd pharyngeal arch

Inervated : facial nerve VII

They are in the superficial facia

Origin: a. bone

b. fascia

Insertion : into skin

Action :

a. Control the expression of the face

b. Act as the sphincter and orifice of the face

Facial muscle group: 20 flat skeletal muscle lying under the skin

Most originate from the skull or fibrous structures and radiates to the skin through an elastic
tendon

Skeletal muscle is not surrounded by facia except for : BUCCINATOR

Position of facial muscle :

a. around the facial openings

b. stretch across the skull and the neck

MUSCLES OF THE FACE

1. ORBITAL Group
2. NASAL Group
3. ORAL Group
4. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR Group
5. Other muscle group

ORBITAL GROUP ( muscle of the eyelid )

Muscle Orbicularis oculii Depressor supercilii Corrugator supercilii
Location Encircles the eye medial angle of the Above the root of the
eye nose
 skin of the eyebrow Skin of the eyebrow

3 parts of the Orbicularis oculi

Part Orbital part (outer) Palpebral part (inner) Lacrimal part ( small)
Origin Medial part of Lateral part of medial Lacrimal facscai and
palpebral ligament palpebral ligament lacrimal bone
and form concentric
rings, return to the
point of origin
Insertion Lateral palpebral Upper and lower tarsi
raphe
Action Closes the lids tightly Closes the lid gently Dilate lacrimal sac

Orbital muscle Depressor supercilii Corrugarator supercilii

Origin Medial orbital rim, near the lacrimal Superciliary arch
bone
Insertion Medial aspect of the bony orbit, Skin of the eyebrow
inferior to the corrugator supercili
Action a. Assists in moving and Produce vertical wrinkle of the
lowering the eyebrow forehead in frowning as an
b. Assists in moving gabella expression of annoyance
(skin above the nose and
between the eyebrow )

Six extra ocular muscle : movement of the eyeball through contraction and relaxation

a. 4 for Rectus Muscle

- Dorsal
- Ventral
- Medial
- Lateral
b. 2 for Oblique muscle
- Dorsal
- Ventral

Around the Eye

MUSCLE INNERVATION FUNCTION
DORSAL RECTUS Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) Elevates the eyeball
 VENTRAL RECTUS Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) Depress the eyeball
MEDIAL RECTUS Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) Adduction of the eyeball
VENTRAL OBLIQUE Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) Outward rotation of the
eyeball
LEVATOR Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) Elevates the upper eyelid
PALPEBRAE
SUPERIORIS
LATERAL RECTUS Oculomotor Nerve (CN VI) Abduction of the eyeball
RETRACTOR BULBI Oculomotor Nerve (CN VI) Retracts the eyeball
DORSAL OBLIQUE Oculomotor Nerve (CN IV) Inward rotation of the
eyeball

3 muscle of the NASAL GROUP (muscle of the nose )

Muscle Nasalis muscle Procerus muscle Depressor septi nasi
maxilla
Location Nasal cartilage Nasal bridge
Skin between the
eyebrow

NASAL GROUP (muscle of the nose )

Muscle Compressor naris Dilator naris Procerus
Origin Frontal process of Maxilla bone Nasal bone and
maxilla lateral nasal cartilage
Insertion Aponeurosis wwhich Ala of the nose Skin between the
crosses the bridge of eyebrow
the nose
Action compress the mobile Widens nasal a. Pulls down the
nasal cartilage aperture ( pulling the medial end of
alar laterally) in deep the eyebrow
inspiration b. Wrinkles the
Sign of anger skin of the
nose
transversely in
frowning

ORAL GROUP (MUSCLE OF THE MOUTH)

MUSCLE ORBICULARIS BUCCINATOR LOWER GROUP UPPER GROUP
ORIS ORAL MUSCLE ORAL MUSCLE
Move the lip and Depressor anguli Risorius
the cheek oris
 Depressor labii Zygomaticus
inferioris major
Zygomaticus
minor
Mentalis Levator labii
superioris
Levator labii
superioris
alaeque nasi
Levator anguli
oris

ORAL GROUP (MUSCLE OF THE MOUTH)

Orbicularis oris Encircles the mouth
Buccinator a. Maxilla
b. Mandinble
Angle of the mouth
Muscular base of the cheeks
Depressor anguli oris Lower border of the mandible
Angle of the mouth
Depressor labii inferioris Mandible underneath the mental foramen
Upper lip
Mentalis Forms the furrow between chin and lip
Risorius Laughing muscle cheek
Angle of the mouth
Zygomaticus major Angle of the mouth
Zygomaticus minor Arch of the mouth
Levator labii superioris Above the infraorbital foramen
Lower lip
Levator labii superioris Medial orbital wall
alaque nasi Upper lip and nostrils
Levator angular oris Underneath the infraorbital foramen
Angle of the mouth

Muscle for the angle of the mouth

- Buccinators
- Depressor angular oris
- Risorius
- Zygomaticus major and minor
- Levator anguli oris
 ORAL GROUP (MUSCLE OF THE MOUTH)
Muscle ORBICULARIS BUCCINATOR
ORIS Upper fiber Middle fiber Lower fiber
Origin From maxilla Maxilla opposite to Pterigomandibular Form mandible
above the the molar teeth raphe opposite to the
incisor teeth molar teeth
Insertion Into skin of lip Upper lips Decussate before Lower lip
passing the lips
Action Closes the Aids in mastication by preventing of food in vestibule of mouth
mouth Air expand cheeks

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

INTRINSIC MUSCLE EXTRINSIC MUSCLE
Dorsal longitudinal Styloglossus
Ventral longitudinal Genioglossus
Transverse bundles Hypoglossus
Vertical bundles Geniohyoideus

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE EXTRINSIC MUSCLE

Muscle Styloglossus Genioglossus Hypoglossus Geniohyoideus
Originate Hyoid apparatus Incisive part of Hyoid apparatus Incisive part of
( stylohyoid ) the mandible (basihyoid) the mandible
Action Retracts and Protrudes and Retracts and Lies below the
elevate the depress tongue depress tongue tongue
togue (PD) (RP) Draws hyoid
(RE) Togue forward
(F)
Insertion Body of the
hyoid

Muscle for mastication

Main muscle for mastication Muscle aid for mastication
Masseter Buccinators
Lateral and medial pterygoids Zygomaticus
Digastricus Platysma
Temporalis
 JAW OPENING
Digastricus muscle
ORIGIN Paracondylar process of occipital bone
Insertion Angle of the mandible
2 bellies 1st visceral arch 2nd visceral arch
Cranial half Caudal half
Innervated by Mandibular branch Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve (CN V3) (CN VII)

JAW CLOSING
DERIVED : 1ST
Visceral arch
INNERVATED : mandibular branch Trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Muscle Masseter Lateral Medial Temporal
pterygoid pterygoid
Origin Maxillary region Pterygopalatine Pterygopalatine Lateral surface of
of the skull and region of the region of the the cranium
zygomaticus arch skull skull
Insertion Wide area on the Lateral aspect of Medial aspect of Coronoid process
caudal side of the mandible the mandible
the mandible
Action Division Protrudes the one sided Pulls mandible
Unilateral and jaw contraction to dorsally ,
lateral (one sided close the jaw rostrally
contraction contraction ) (overbite),
Protrudes the caudally
jaw (underbite)

Lateral translation of the mandible

Muscle involved :

a. Masseter muscle
b. Contralateral medial
c. Lateral pterygoids

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GROUP (MUSCLE OF THE EAR )

AURICULAR MUSCLE

a. Temporal fascia anterior A.

b. Galea aponeurotica superior A.
c. Mastoid process posterior A. ------------- pinna
 VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GROUP (MUSCLE OF THE EAR )
Muscle Preauricular Ventroauricular Postauricular
Origin Deep temporal fascia Laryngeal fascia Medical cervical
raphe
Innervation Auriculopalpebral Retroauricular branch Retroauricular branch
branch of facial nerve of facial nerve (CN VII) of facial nerve (CN VII)
(CN VII)
Function Moves the ear cranio Moves the ear Moves the ear caudo-
laterally, so pinna laterally laterally, so pinna
facing forward facing backwards

PLATYSMA
Origin Upper part of the pectoral and deltoid fascia
Insertion Base of the mandible
Skin of lower face and lip
Action Release pressure of skin subadjuscent veins, depress mandible, pulls angle of
mouth downwards