PRE-INTERMEDIATE

-
PEARSON
---.-,-..,,.
Longman l
lan Lebeau Gareth Rees
 CONTENTS

Presenl simple and present Internet news reporl5 about

continuous: state and action Modiiers: quite. \'l'ry. real/y, extreme weather
extreme/y Magazine interview with a
Present simple and present Adventure hollday aclivities documentary film-maker
conlinuous: cuestions Guidebook entry

Past simple: time Personality adiectlves Newspaper article about a

cspresstcns marathon winner
Pasl continuous Biography of Frida Kahlo

The media Webpage interview with a

Nelalive pronouns Nouns: pholography I media worker
phatographcr Article about news
TV prcgrammes organisations around the
world

Present perfect (1): time Podcast dirPctory ur a

expressions healthcare ch,uity
Presenl perect 12): for and MagaLine article about food
,ince for ,1 healthv mind

Comparison: comparetjves Landscapes Texl from a lravel book

and superlatives, tess, the Adjectives to desaibe about Rora Rora
leas/ places
Expressions o quantity Animals Magazine eructe about
Nouns and verbs: damage animal invaders
nlv

wi/1, mighl and m,lj: A ges An adveet for an inslilulc of

prcdi<.tions Negative adjeclives: un- and future analysls
Firsl conditional -toss Newspaper article .1boul low
birlh rate in Germany

I ANLIJA(.f lt \DI K PRE-1 T[R\.1[01ATE

 UNITS 1-6

Speaking/ Study & Writing

Listening , Pronunciation Scenario skills
News report about a Oiscussing extreme weather Latin American advenlurc Uslng your dictionary:
hurricane Talking ahout different Key language: Agreeing and Understanding meaning
types of weathcr and season disagreeing
prcfcrences Task: Oesigning a holiday A guidebook entry
Llnkers: and, but, afso, when
Pronundation: intonalion for
agreeing/disagreeing

lnterview with ,1 maralhon Talking about Mothcr Teresa Sharing a flal Learning styles and

winner Discussing crcativity and Kcy languagc: Descrtbtng strategies

creative people pcoplc
Task: Choosing a new Keeping a learning diary
Pronunci,,tion: 1\.1\ were. flatm,1tc linkers: unid, at (irst thcn,
word stress at the momcnl, aflenv,1,ds

lnlerview with a media Oiscussing types o media That's enlertainment! Working with olhers
worker Talking aboul news Kcy language: Making
A lecture to students on a companies suggeslions A TV programme review
language course Task: Planning a TV
Pronunciillion: sentence programme
stress

Podcasl cxlracts: hcalthcarc Talking about life Health al work Guessing thc meanlng of

charity workers experiences Key l;,nguage: Giving aovrcc unknown words

Discussing foocl ancl dicts aud reasons
Task: Giving health advicc A thank you erna
Pronunciation: intonation 111
rc,no cut>slion

TV programme about Oiscussing islands Animals onlinc Time management

islands Dcscribing places Key language: Oescribing
Tutorial discussing proble ms Talking about animals photographs A comparative essay
with lime management Task: Choosing photos for a Llnkers: in conlrasl, bol and
Pronuncialion; wcak forms web sil e whereas

Meeting bctwcen a Talking aboul the changcs Farnily rnalters Correcting your wriling
futurologist and a business tcchnology has broughl in Kty langu;igc: Expreing
investor life opinions An articlc
Oiscussing family tifo and Task: Spcaking on ,1 talk Linkers: so, JS, howe\Cf,
difcrcnl tvpes of families show becausc o(

Prnnuncialion: 11h,1t'I/, word

lmking
lANC.lJA(,l ll,\DII{ PRl.INT[RMCDIAT[
 CONTENTS

TV programme reviews
had to and could Nouns, adjectives and verbs Webpage biography of
with prepositions Stephen Hawking
Newspaper artide about
problems for women in
science in the UK

Verb patterns Sleep Email exchange

Fulure intenlions: going to, -ngt-ed adjectives Magazine artide about
hoping to, would fike to people who work al nighl
A Maori legend

Wurk Company email

Presenl simple passive Compound nouns Webpage about the uses of
Business gold lo industry
Process of the early stages o
chocolate making

Presenl continuous for reople and organisatlons (ncydopaedia entry about

future arrangement5 Adjecllves the United Nations
Pasl simple passive Hlslory o Microsoft

Present perfect continuous Global warming Essay aboul global warming

Phrasal verbs Conlainers and materials Email correspondence about
packaging
Action group newsletter

Second conditional Sports Open letter lo the Prime

too and enough Personality types Minisler
Magazine arlide about
female football rans
An adverl for a sports
psychologist

Communication Activities (p110-125) Language Reference and Extra Practice (p12&-149)

LA,GUAGE LlADlR PREINTERMEDIATE

 UNITS 7-12

Speaking/ ! Study & Writing

Listening Pronunciation I Scenario skills
lnterview with a forensic Oiscussing rules and Ideas and innovations Making notes
scientisl regctanons in everyday life Key Janguage: Developing an
Talking about altitudes to argument Describing charts
science Task: Choosing the best
invention
Pronunciation: Voiced/
unvoiced consonan! pair

A talk aboul slecp Talking about sleep A night our lmproving your memory
Problem rnlving Key language: Expressing
preferences A story
l'ronuncialion: lnlonation in Task: Planning a nighl out Time expresstons
\Vh- qw-uons

Consultan! interviewing Ranking crileria for a job lmport-exporl Giving a short talk
employees Asking people if they used Key l,1nguage: Negoliating
to ... Task: Making a deal Describing a process
Talking about industry linkers

Pronunciation: used to,

sentence stress in proposals

Conversation aboul a General discussion aboul An Olympic bid lmproving your listcning
schedule the United Nations Key language: Adding Preclicting conlent,
A talk about lnlerpol Talking aboul big busnesscs emphasis l'reclicting vncabularv,
and globalisation lmportance markers
Task: Making a presentation

l'ronunciation: Pau<,mg and A for and against essay

cmphatic stress linkers: .1/tho11gh, cm me
other h,1nd, thNtdor('

Documentary aboul global Talking ahout the causes and local regeneration Exploring reading texts
warming cfects of global warming Key language: Question tags
Discussing ways lo reduce Task: Allocating funds A reporl
waste

Pronunciation: lnlonation in
quesuon tags

Curren! affoirs programme Talking aboul sports Sports psychology Doing exams
onTV What would you do if ... Key language: Conversattou
lcclure: Giving studcnts Discussion abnul rhe FIFA illers A formal email
advice about an l:ng1ish Football World Cup Task: Doing a survey Regtster, Punc tuation
exam
Pronu11d,1tion: lnlon,11w11 ,n
hIS

Audios<.:ripts (p150-165) Irregular Verb list (p166) Phonetic Charts (p16n

liiIH!MiifiiQII PR-lRAT0
 Weather
1.1 EXTREMES

I VOCABULARY: the weather

1a Match the photos A-0 wilh the types of weather in Ql y -- -(11171

the box. Do you have any of this weather in your countryt

blia,ml drought hurrk,rnc <,IOrm

OnlineNews WEATHER

1b Read these Internet ncws rcpcrts. Which situalion is l!'s three days after Hurricane Katrina hit the
the most serious. Why? US coast. but New Or1eans is still suffering
from strong 1wind / fog and heavy 2rainy /
2 Choose the correct wurd 1-8 in the news reports. rain. Thousands of people are waiting far
help. Half of the ctty is underwater and the

I LISTENING I army is still repainng the river walls.

The green and pleasant land of England is

3a ID Listen to this British news report aboul Florida, in turning brown. After two cold. 3humid / dry
the USA, before a hurricane hits. Number the sections of the winters and 4hat / rain summers. the south-
report in order (1-4). east of England is experiencing a senous
,ll lates! inforrnation ahout this bunlcanc O drought. Many lakes and rivers are now
h) lntcrvcws with mcmhcrs of thc puhlic O Swet /dry.
el the connec tion with global warmtng O Following yesterdays blizzards and the
dt n<'w's about thc poltcc O heavy fall of 6snow / c/oudy. the potce 1n
New Zealand are using helicopters to reach
3b Listen again. Are these sentences true or false? hundreds of people in the countryside lt rs
1 ThC' man in thc house docs 1101 bavc much food. stil1 very 7warm /windy and the a,ce/ sun rs
2 The woatbcr al the coast is currcnth bad. causing problems far the rescue teams
3 i lurricancs .irc unusual in this area.
4 Thc pollee officcrs are in the poi lec statlon.
5 Pvcrv yr,ir thcrc are more strong hurncanes.

6 IIJfflfl@ Wcather
 D

GR A M MAR: present simple and 5 Underline the main verb in tbese sentences. Are
oresent continuous they state or action verbs in these exarnplest
1 11 i<; <.till H'', c old rodav.
4a Which of these sentences are in the present 2 11\ toming tm,,irrl., Floficl..l.
simple (PSH Which are in the present continuous
3 1 h,l\C' ,1 lot 01 food mm, hou-,c.
(PC)?
4 Hunicancs .are gC'll1ng <uonger.
1 \l fbo momcnt. l'm CO\l'rin tbe ,, inckl\,., \\ ith \\1Kxl.
5 l know about tbc d.mgcr.
2 \\t. al\\,1\,;; hclp cvcrvonc.
3 Ihc numbcr 01 <.!ron.: hume ancs 1,;, in<..rC'.i,;,in.:. What tense do we usually use for state verbst
4 \\,lrm <.t',1,;, cause hurrk.mes. 6 Complete this Internet news report. Use thc
How do we make negative scnteoces with these present simple or prcsent continuous of thc verbs.
tenses?

4b Match the senlenccs 1-4 above with these

grammar notes.

Thrre are heavy SlOOTIS 111 the UK. Winds of 60 kilometres
.11 n,,. ,., ,1 r<.'ul.ir .u non or h.1h11.
per hoor l (M) the west ccest, with more storms later
Iu Th,., ., ,m ,1< tron h,1p(X'n111.: nm,. or ,uounrl O<I\\. this 'Nttkend Experu say that these stonm are unusual.
<.1 TI11,;; ,;; ,l ,ll t or gt.nN,11 lruth. 'Today, these storms l (bt) llffY strong Wt. usually
dr Thrv i'> ,1 trcnd d.<'. ,1 t.h,mgm crtu.uiont. J (get) t.has km of weather 111 the w.nter, not now.'
_. ln- rO:"trr...-t" .1nd e,tr. pr nce l!fi L.?- Tht hNvy rain"-- (ColUse) maor transport problems
- currently, Ult" trams and femes s _ (not worti:).
4c Complete tbese senlcnces. Use the prcsenl
simple or prescnt continuous o the verbs. Tiw emttgerw:y Sffi'icts ft local residents. 'Rlght

now, we 6 (ll'ICM) people to safe areas and we

1 'Bo quu-t! / to thc 11('1." on rhc radlo. li,1t.ni
7 _ (g,,e) then hot food.' A group ol fuhennen an, lost
2 In lnd1,1, most r.1111 U'>LMlh in tlw sunuucr at iN .ld a rescue team -- (look) or them. We
monrhv, lunc to \ugu,1. ,i.111, '- _ (not u fty) 111 IM kind of weather, but today
3 L ,ghtnmg tlw Fmprrc Statc Buikhng in '"" '-- (nol be) a nonnaj day.
,orl... )00 tunc-, t\t'\ w,ir. rtnt

4 Ihe-c d,1\<., mon r.1in in \u<,lr,1h,1 bcc JU',(.' or

glob..11 \\.1m1mg. li,1111

5 11 in lropi< ,11 < ountncc hkc lir,1111. 1/lol ,mi\\, I SPEAKING

6 11 now. ltt\ A lo rhc p,HI.... ,nol r,11111
7 Discuss thesc qucstions with a partner.

Thcre are twc hpe'i o vcrbs: state verbs and actlon 1 \\ h,11 c,lrC'lll(' \\t',1thC'f' d1,c,. ,our loun1n h,1\<.>?
verbs. Sratc vcrbc uvuallv describe Ieclings and 2 \\ h,11 probknl!> cloc"- tht. t,trrmc \\l.1thl'r l,lll"P?
sltuatlonc. e.g. be, bevo. Aclion verbs describe
3 Do \OU thml.. \()Uf ( ounlt'\ <, \\ (',llht.f' i, t. h..m1ng?
acuvitlcc and movemcnts. c.g. hit, pf.i)
4 \ \ hic.h t, IX"' 01 "t.,1ther do rlon't \OU 111..<? \\In
\\h, not?
hol <U/111\ d,l\ ._ .Jlll\ cl,I\ ..

t lt,1r. uild dJ,, \\ ,irm. < lomh d,l\,

hot. hum1d cl,1, 'i < ool. t lomh d.n ..
\\ incf\ cl.1, .. IC>J,:g\ cl,l\ <;
<.torn1, d,1, <; '110\\ \ rl,l\ <.
\\'cather 7
1,2 WINTER

A
Yes, rt does. Generally speaking, wmter starts in September and tasts
unbl May - so tor about nine months. ln the north, the sun never nses m
December and January and rt's dark nearty ali day.

8
Well, mmus 30 or 40 degrees Celsrus is normal, bu1 m northern Srbena the
temperature sometimes drops to mmus 60 or 70 degrees.

e
One reason is that m the far north, the sun is always low in the sky and
produces ver; httle heat, so the ground stays cold all year. Another reason
is that freezmg wmde come down from the Arctic because there are no
mountains or trees to stop them.

D
lt often snows, but it's rarely heavy In the far north, snow cover lasts
between 260 and 280 days.
E
Yes, they are. Defmitely. Western Srbena is gettmg warmer faster than
anywhere in the wor!d. In fact, rt's actualty mettmg. And m sorne places
m eastern Srberta, dangerous gases are ns1ng from the ground. They're
stopping the surlace from freezmg, even m the rrnddle of wmter. But n's
st1U very coldl

I READING ANO SPEAKING I 4 Is it rcallv ( olcU

5 IJtW<; winter l,1c;t .:i. long lime?
1 Discuss these questions with a partner. 6 Wh,11 do J.:u,;.;i,1n<; thmk about rhcir cold w inlerc;?
1 Are thcrc scasons in your e nuntf'\? lf -o. \\ hat\ 7 1 S('('. \Vh,11 obout <;mi\\? How much snow is therc
vour favouritc scason/ Why! in Sibcri,1?
2 Do vou llkc wintcr! Whv I Wll\ no! 8 \Vh<1! about ,ou? Wh,11 do vou thinJ.. ahout ,,intC'f
3 \\lh,1t do you kno about wintcr in Rusi,1? Wh.11
in Siheri,1?
do you knm, about Silwri,1! 9 And ,,h.11'<; lifc> lil..t? I'- it VCI'\ difficult or pcoplcz
10 Thal'<; iru.rcdihle! \\'h, ic; il so rnld?
2a Rcad the introduction to the texl quickly.
Where is the text from? 2c Complete these sentences with une or two
1 ,1 guidcbook to SihNi,1 words. (The words you need are in the lext.)
2 .i book .ibour cltrrutc chango 1 wintcr \a<,I<, fnr abcut in Sibera.
3 ,1 magazine abour rv progr.1mnw 2 Iempcraturcs oi minu-, "O dcgrccc are no! .

3 Thc ground s1,1,.., cold bccau-o produces ,el'\

2b Read the res! of the text. Complete it with littlc heat.
thcse interview questions. 4 In sorne pl.n cv in eavem Siht.ri,1 ore mdting
1 Rc.ill) e \\lb\ do thev do th,11! rhe frozcn ground.

2 l lm, do pcoplc kccp warm/ 5 A lot ut things in thc ,t.f'\ cold cnnrli11or, ....
3 b tho cllm.uo thaning? Are" intcrv fil'Hin 6 Pcople \\l'ar to tccp warm in Srbora.
\\armcr?

8 @illii Weathcr
 WINTER 12
F GR AMMA R: present simple and
They wear fur. ln the West, we constder fur a luxury, but rt'e present continuous questions
the only thmg that keeps you warm when rt's ex1remely cold.

G 4a look al Exercise 2b. Which questions are

Yes, 11 rs. Without gloves, your fmgers freeze. The little havs in the present simple? Which are in the present
m your nose freeze too. lt's quite scaryl The tyres of cars continuous?
and !ornes bursl Sometimes children can't go to school
because rt's so cold. They have !essons on TVJ 4b Match 1-3 with a-e to complete these
grammar notes.
H
1 \ Vhcn tx is thc nun verb. wc m.ike prcsont
Actually, they don'! mmd them. They eojoy a lot of outdoor
sports. lce-skatmg is the number one sport - rt's rea11y simple qucstlons
popular. They also ke cross-country skimg and ice-hockey. 2 \\lhcn the main vcrb isn't bo, WC' mokc
Remdeer racmg is quite popular too. Sorne people swrm n prcscnt simple qucstlous
nvers and lakes In the sub-zero temperatures. 3 Wc makc prescnt conlinuous qucstions
;iJ \\ ith tho ,1u-.:,li;ir)' vcrb do/doc-: + subjcct +
They say there are health benetrts to swlmmmq m icy water. infini1ivc 01th0111.1in vcrb.
lt's a way to avcid colds. Also, rt's a real commurufy event
Everyone takes part - men, women and ctuldren. b) with thc auxlltarv verb am/i/,m' + subject +
-mg orm o 1hL' man wrb.
J () with am/i)/,ue bcorc thc subject.
WeU, to tell you the truth,
I love 1tl In my home c1ty, Sa Underline the qucstion worcls in Excrcise
uverpcot the winters 2b. What other question words do you know?
are usually cloudy and
mild and I don't hke them Laoguage refercncc and evtra practice,
much. You don't get many pages t2h--127
days when the weather's
fine, you know, sunny and Sb Pul the words in order to make questions.
not ram1ng. In Srbena it's Then ask ancl answer the questions with a
drfferent, On bnght sunny partner.
days, r'e very beautiful. 1 ,;ad vou da)'S do on fccl doudv
2 \\l',mng \our tcochcr wh,1t's torlay

I VOCABULARY: modifiers
3 l:ngli.,h .HC' fun lcaming )'OLJ for
4 time vour how spcnd freo you do
3a Match these comments about ccld weather in London 5 frlcnds doing whnt nm, an- )Ollr
with the temperaturcs.
1 11' vcry cold. / lt's r(.,111) told.
Se look et these answers to questions about
lhc tcxt in Exercisc 2b. Write thc questions.
2 11\ ('X\rl'tn('l't cold. 1 In 5C'p1ernh(.'r. \\f}pn does wint<'r .1.ir1!
3 11', qul!o rnlrl.
2 In northcm Sihcri,1.
3 Btt,1ll'it' it's ,ll\\J)''i low in 1lw skv.
A
[!) .L"\... 4 0,1ngerou<; ga<..C'<...
-S'C C..:,J 8'C 5 Yl''i, 11 is. ,lSll'r 1h;in ,ll)'Whcrc in the world.
6 Ye,, thcy do. Thc h.iirs in \our no n-ezc too!

1'C I SPEAKING I
6 Work in groups of three. Do the quiz about
winter on pagc 110.
3b Use the phrases above to talk about the winter
months in your country, or other places you know.
fl\ tN1<1//1 very fo,:} in 111} cil\ in Nmcmb(r, ,md it's I WRITING I
t'\lft>/l!('/\ (O/ti in /.JIHhlfl.
7 Write four or five sentences describing
winter in your country.

Weather @111118 9
I SITUATION 2b Look al these notes about two possible
countries. Which do you think is best for Double
1 a Look at the advert below for Double Action Action Adventures? Why?
Adventures. Why does the company have thls name? ,iOtilttL\ZN lll'l,,WTIN
Would you like to go on one of their trips?
lo fue mot irrta1rei llnh 1'lllibtm.i.oa,t
1 b Match the diferent activities in the advert lo AdivttiM,: moorttain tre'O:irM3 thru-Ga-1 'rtarctil wi\dlifo cn.iJSt
the photos A-J. ""'""'<i&"'J
sea J:ajal''"'J ""' ""''"
Wiather:
2a Read this emal from the boss of Do u ble Action
Winter co\d and. wiOO'i
Advenlures. What does he want his staff to do?
(Mardi to Odober)

"""""" sin<\ aod
I Jom..._,.,.. <IH con, (Nowmber to ftbn""j)
--2!! j I AII otalf

- 1 ,...,.......ir<1av-ll,.l,nAnM!,a

DearAII
!>LUZL

We need your suggestions for two countries for our l'<,tivitiu: On tht wa,t &vi"'J. sea "'l'""'l
new holidays in Latin Amenca. In tht ju"'Jlt jun<JI lrelOcing. .t,rt,- .atoe rafhng
Remember, ideal ccuntnes offer a) a ranga of activities Wtathf.r: lZ-aifl'j fU50ft Jt1ne to October - rain
and locations and b) somethlng unusua! or different. k19u5t to Novembtr - numl.3l1t sr.ason
Our main customers are adventurous young adults, but
""'9' tunporatur, >\ e
we're interested in sorne new customers:
Drj """"" Novmiber to M>j
'first-timers' - people having an adventure holiday
for the first time. a\ot.f'agt, temperati.lfT. '30 C.
older adults (40-60) - active, rich, perhaps retired.
Let's have a meeting next week to discuss all your ideas. Ja m Listen to Diana and Simon (two DAA
James Ross employees) dtscuss the two countries above. Which
country do they think is the most interesting? Why?
 Latin American adventure 13
3b Listen again. Who has these opinions: Diana, iiM,Uhi3EtJmi!
Simon or both of them? Writc D, Sor B.
1 Ihc An1,m lit trip , ,1 gond thing. H Sa mlnlonation or agreeing/disagreeing Listen
to these phrases 1-4 and match them wilh the
2 The summcr soasen in thc Antarclic_ is not \Cr) long.
intonalion patterns a-b.
3 lhc v cathcr in IIH' moumalnv is ,1 problem. 1 So do l. 3 Ncithcr do l.
4 Normal or simple ,Kli\ ilir'<, .H(' gond for firct-timcrc. 2 Don't you? 4 Do you?
5 The ,Kti, itit"' in Hclizc are ver, good.
6 Thc dr, "tw,on ._ thc bcst lime to go to Beli7.c. a) b)'
7 A sevon-moruh holid,w sr-ason ., nol vcry good.
Sb Listen again and repcat.

tv LANGUAGEc 6a Do you agree ur dis.igret' wia1 tnese

agreeing and disagreeing slatcmcnts? Wrile your answers.
1 1 think horso ridi11g Is lntcrcstmg.
4a m
Listen and complete these sentcnces from Do yovt I don't. I So do l.
thc conversation with do, don'I, so or neithr.
2 1 don't hkc ,,all,..ing in srrong wtnd.
1 n: l 1hink thc Antarcth wildlifc uui"e is a grcat idea.

=
3 1 don't think ,111 Ant.uctic cruisc is .1 good idea.
1\lmm. do L
4 1 think whnc-watcr r,ifting is dangcrous.
2 I don't ltkc thc wcather in the mountains.
"n, 5 1 w.1111 to go ea kavaklng.
No, do l.
6 1 w.1111 to go di, lng.
3 I don't likc thc activitics - thc) 're verv tirdint1r).
"o: \oti? 1 do. 6b Tell your partner your opinions. Does he/she
4 n: Scvcn monthv. l rhtnk that\ good. agrec with you?
'e .. ou? l'm not <urr-. I con't 1/Jin/... lwrt' ricling 1\ inl('fl',ting .
- Don't }Out Ido. I Nti1/wr do l.
4b Jn which sentcnces do they agree? In whlch do
they disagree?
I TASK: designinga holiday

7 You work for Doublc Aclion Advcntures. Work

with a partner to find out about two more cnuntries.
Studcnt A: l ook at thc notes on p.igP 111.
Student B: 1 ook .u thc notos nn page 1 11.

8a Rcad the email from the boss in Exercisc 2a

again. What do you think o the our holidays? What
do you think of the activities? How long is lhe best
season for the holidays? Is the weather OKf
Make notes.

8b Compare ynur ideas with your parlncr and

choose the bes! two countries for Double Action
Advcnturcs.

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

Wh.1t do you think about ... ?
I think this is a good nne hecausc ...
Wha! ahout ... ? l'm not surc.

Weather @fiHli 11
 STUDY SKILLS: using your 4a Dictionaries often tell us the opposites of
dictionary: understanding meaning words. look al lhis entry far /oud. We can see that
the opposite o loud is quiet.
1 Many words in English have more than one
meaning. look at this dictionary entry for cold. 4[,ji[ . /laod/adject,vc
Match the example sentences a-e with the something rhar 6 loud makes a lot ol norse
definitions 1-3. ) oppos.te QUIET: Tum that mus1c do.vn! l(s toa laudl 11
rould hcor /oud VCIICP.i,. argwng.
- loudt adverb 'Stop!' sne shouted loud/y.
i{,j O. /bolJ/ adror,,e
1 scmethmg that ts cold has a low tempereture
and rs -ot warrn or hot From tnngmen Wordwisc Dictionary
2 cold food rs cocked. but is not eeten wtule u
1!". hot
3 a co1d person 1s not very fnendly or kmd Think of the opposites of these adjectives from this
unit. Check your answers in a dictionary.
1 long 3 heavy
Frorn Longma11 Wordwise Dictionary
2 strong 4 majar
a) Wc cat a lot o cole! chicken and salad in thc
sumrncr.
4b Complete these sentences with the opposites.
1 Thcrc are only mistakos in your work.
b) Some pcoplc think !hat the British are cold.
2 lt's only a distance to thc coast.
e) Thc wcathcr's really cold today
3 1 don'! likc coffee.
2 The words in bold below are used to describe 4 My bag's very ,md casy to carry.
the weather. Turn to page 121 and look al their
other meanings. Write the number of the correct
definition.
WRITING SKILLS:
al Thal's a really cool fHrn. a guidebook entry
b) Sorne Thai fish soups are rcally hot.
e) Gabriella's 01 very dark hair. 5 l-low important are these things for you in a
d) Thcy always givc visitors a warm welcornc. guidebook? Give each a mark out of 5 (5 = very
e) 'How are you?' 'l'm fine, ttunks.' irnportant; 1 = not important).

t) His writing isn't clear. al how to gel thcre/ travcl .rround

gl This shampoo is far dry hair. hl mforrnation ahout thc woathor / whcn to go
h) Shc's a bright child. el lnformarlon about thc history of a plac e

i) 1 don't likc mild chcese. dl ploc cs lo visit / things lo do

el places lo st,1y
3 Definitions often gtve you more information than f) wh,1110 eat and drink
jusi the meaning of a word. Work with a partner and
gl prices (c.g. i1CC0111rnoda1ion, food)
answer these questions.
hl d,111gcrous pl,Kt'!> I pla(cs lo ,woid
1 What colour is .1 cloud?
il infornlil1ion Jbout hc,,lth scrvic.cs
2 Whcre do wc usuallv scc fog?
jl loc..al ft>s1iv,1Js ami ewnt
3 Wh.:it happcns in autumn?
4 what kind of a storm is a hurricane? 6 Read the text from a guidebook to Mallorca and
5 Wrilc clown throc Iacrs abour il blizzard. answer thesc qucstions.
6 Whut docs thc sun glvc us? 1 Why i:, sprin1,1, th1.. hes! time to viit Mallorca?
Check your answers in a diclionary or turn to 2 \Vhilt happens 10 thc wuntr)'Sidc in the summcr(
page 111. 3 l-low long docs thc good we.i1hcr l;ist?
4 V\lhilt's thc wcathr likc in ,,inler?
5 Tht' tcxt tell us ,1 lot .,bout lhc wc,1thLr. Wh,11 othcr
intnrrna1ion is in thc 1cxt1
6 Undcrlinc thc diffcrcnt are.,, of 1hc isl.:ind 1ha1 thc
lcxt mcntion,;, c.g. beac/1.

12 l@ji@i Weathcr
 W RI T I N G S KI L L S 14.

MALLORCA
WHENTOGO SEASONS
Mallorca has an average of 300
SPRING \VINTER
days of sunshine a year. but don 't
'lhe bcst lime to \ kit Mallorca is in the <ipring Novembcr to February is
think you can have a beach holiday wlnter, when many hotels and
when the sun is not very <;trong. At lhis time.
in Novembcr or Ocrembcr! restaurants clcsc. 11 ran snow
pnccs (C'M'('pt duri11g raster '""'k) an- still
quite lo. but the wcathcr is often warm and during this pcriocl. esocctay in

..... .,,m OC' damp and cold, 1K'<ially in

- -
it can cxtrcmely cold in somc towns

it is possrble to enjoy the beachcs, HoWC'\1.'T. th(' high mowuains.. and it gcb

- .......
-..-. -
thc rnountains. so come prepared.
SUM,\lER &. AUTUMN
lrom mid-JunC', prces and tcmpcraturcs
Ivalldemossa. for cxamplc). Tiiis
is also the rainy wason.

--
rsc. By July and August thc island is
extrcmely hot and. inland. the rountr:yside
bccomes \'E'I)' d). l)uring thcse months.
thc coast bccomcs vcry rrowdcd. From
mid-Scptembcr. prccs and

- remperatures begin to fall.

Mdrr"bb s.
.. -
- Thi!, is also a good time to

- - -
. visit as rhc fine mild
weethcr oflen asts
intn tate October.

- -
-
u.:..'"' -s-

'
-- -

7a Linkers Words like and, but, also and \ ve use . ..

whcn are linking words. We use them to
join ideas. Underline the examples in the
texl above.

7b Complete these definitions with the

words in thc box.

dtfforent Iact time \\ords

7e Choose the corred words. 3 'tou cen go e hite-water raing but .im/\ou can't gn k.l,aking.
1 Thc waitcrs are fricndh ,ind bul thcv 4 A good lime to, isit vcnice is in w intcr a/so 11/wn it ivn't
spoak good English. crowdcd.
2 ThC' wcather's good in ,;pring. lt\ 1d1C'n 5 You can bm souvcnirs in thc betel bur .1/so thc pri<-e><; are
,1!0 good in autunm. oftcn \ef} high.
6 Thc bcach is beautlful 11h<'n and it's ,me/ ,1/m a good place
1 ,ind to join 1\\ n or parts oi to go snorJ..clling.
,l Sl'OICOtl'.
8 Write a 'When to go' section for a guidebook about your
2 \\ hen tn talk about thc that country, area or city. Write about the weather, but also about
sornething happcns. sorne other useful facts (e.g. prices, crowds).

3 /mi tn odd somcthing or surpdsing.

4 .11!.o to add a new

\\'cather IIMIII 13
 People
2.1 INSPIRATION

HOUSEWIFE RACES
OUT OF POVERTY
Yc,tcrcfa). Chimokcl Chilapong. a Kcnyan bocsewue anJ
mothcr of four. bcut hundrcds of profes .. ional alhle1e<. and
won the Nairobi marnthon und $12.tXX'J. Th1, "'b her first
I READING mnnnhon mee nnd shc mn it in 2 hours. 39 minute, and 9
secenes. Thc othcr rurmcrx iucludcd profc<;!>iooah such as
Joycc Chcpchumba. thc thrcc time winncr of thc London
1 a Look at the photo above and the newspaper manubon. Chirnol..cl only stnrtcd running a )eat ago. m
headline. What do you think the story is about?
April.to pay for bcr childrcn's cdncnon. No\\. m Kenya.
1b Read the articlc and check your ideas. shc ., a hcm nrn.J un inxpirutlonal NJn. People thml. '>he
j, a dctcrmincd 110111:rn. a dcdicated mothcr anda talemcd
2 Read the text again and answer thcse questions. pcrson. Ncxt cck. thcrc l-, :1 pan) in her honour
1 \\lhal cine" Chimokcl normallv do in her lifo?
2 V\lh,11 is lovcc Chope humba's joh?
3 \Vlw does Chimokcl nm in thcsc reces! VOCABULARY,
4 Wh,11 clu thc Kcnvans think o her?
oersonalitv adiectives

I LISTENING I 4a Find these adjectives in the text and Track 1.6

on page 150. Who do thcy describe?

3a III listen toan interview with Chimokcl after dcdicatcd dctormincd fricndlv
the race (you hcar an interpreter). Tick (.1) thc topics
hard-working holpful in,;pir,1ti(m,1I
shc talks aboul.
kind lovclv poticru 1.1 lcutcd
1 her rcasoro for running 4 her sports cquiprncnr

2 her brothcrs and slstors 5 her Iururc pl.ins

4b Choose the bcst adjectives. Use your dictionary.
3 her hu-band ,md chlldrcn 6 JllOll('Y
1 Sho i<; vorv dedi, .111d ! lm l'I} fricn<lly. Shc alwa<,
3b Pul thcsc events in order of time (1-8). Then docs her trainlng.
listen again and check. 2 Her hu ...b.md i) l1tlpfvl 1.1/('ntf'<I dt>tf'rmin'd. He

mokcs hre,,kf,i<;l f.'VC'r momlng .

.u rrurrv Bonjarnn D el train P\N} rnoming O 3 Sho i<; \('\ 1..ind I p.Jtitnt / dr/Nmim d. Shc novor
1

bl scll .1 shocp D fl win tho marathon O ,top, ,111d shc w.tnt-, to <,U( uNI.

Ll havc chlldn-n O gl lcavc -chool D 4 Shc i\ h,m/-1\ orl..i11 m,pir,11io11,1/ 1..ind. M,Hl}
 dl <;l,1rt rurming O h travcl to Naimhi D woplL nm, \\,llll to succccd likc her.

14 l@jlfj Pcoplc
I G AMMAR, past s;mple / GRAMMAR TIP
Wc use in whcn we talk about vears and
Sa Match lhe beginnings and endings of these months: in 2006, in ful)
sentences about Chirnokel.
We use on whcn we talk about days: on
1 l lcr mothcr rlicd ono j car la ter. MondJY, on Sunday

2 Shc Icft school onc , car ago. We use al when wc lalk abour limes: ,1/
3 Shc m.micd Bcnjamin whcn shc \\as sixtccn. seven o'clock, at 8.15

4 Shc startcd tralntng in thc samc yc.tr.

We use the pas! simple to tatk about finished 7 a Timl' e'"prt>ssions Use these time expressions to
actions and situations in the past. We know, and makc true senlences about you. Then compare your
oftcn sav, the time of the action or situation. sentences with a partner.

Sb Complete these grammar notes with the verbs ten yC'ars agn \,hcn 1 ,,,is sixtecn las! \C',H
in Exercise Sa. l.1st WC'Ck in 200'> l.1<.f night on Sund,1,
You add -ca to thc lnnttlve to makc thc past simple of
most vort. Thew are regular vcrbs, c_.g. 1 . 7b Ask your partner about these lhings starting
Somctimcs vou only add -d, c.g. l . \Ve alsc When did you /ast ... ?
sorncumcs mokc a ,pclfing changc, c.g. { . ccx,k .:i me.,l cn!er ,1 r,KC or compctilion
M,m) comrnon vcrbs in thc pasl simple are irregular. ,,atch .1 film hu} sorne dothes
\Ve don't add -cd. \Ve uce
J rliffcrcn! word.
fosc_, s.omcthing go tu a muscum
t.g.-1 .

Se How do we
make negatives, questions and I SPEAKING
short answerst What is different when the verb is
be? look al Track 1.6 on page 150 and check.
._ Language rcference and extra practice, pages 128-129

6 Complete lhe rest of the intcrview between

Chimokel and the journalist. Use the correct form o
the verbs in the box.

he nof come ea! (x2> no! havc p, q>.1rc

run spcok <;lar train watch gel up

1: Tell uv more abcut rour training. How ldKJ. }OU

prf'pJr( fer thc raed
t : Wclt, 1 !. cvcrv day. 1 i about ten

komotrcs cach time.

J; Hcw did }OU tccl hcure thc rece/
r : 1 4 a bit ncrvouc. 1 '-- ,11 fivc o'clock

be(au( J couldn'r slccp.

: , vcu spccial food? Did vou h,l\t' ,1

spcclal die!?
r : tvn. 1 didn't. l - rnv norrru! food, ,, lth my 8a Look al the photo. Do you know this person?
f.:tmih overv da,. What did she do in her life? Discuss what you know

1: n your famil) the racc! about her wilh your partner.

t : i'.o, 1htr didn't. Thcv '1 to Nairohi. \Ve

8b
'-- thc muncv for that. Thcv 11
Work with your partner to complete her lifC' story.

in thc vtllagc. 112 to thcm on the phonc aftcr Student A: Turn to p.:igc 112.
thc r-u:e. Student 8: Turn to p;igc 1 14.
1: t'rn surc the} 're H.'f\ prnud o \OU. Congratulauons.
Chimokcl.
8c Is there someone you think is inspirational? Tell
)'OUr partner.

-People MI@ 15
 2!2 CREATIVE LIVES

I READING ANO SPEAKING 2c Find words in the text that mean:

1 ph)sit;ill) harrned something
1 Discuss these qucstions with a partner. 2 bcc.oming hc;ilth ag.rn (c.g. acr en illncss or
1 Are vou creativo. c.g. c;m )OLI sing, dr<M. pamt acctdcnn
dance, ctc.r 3 feding plcawd aboul your actlons. your f,in1ily nr
2 Which Iamous creativo pcoplc do you knov or likc? vour tmmtry hC<",lUSC' thev are good or succcssful
-i thc studv of ideas about lifc .md how pcoplc
2a Read the text quickly. Write clown two interesting
shoutd livc
things you remember. Compare with other students.
5 lookcd ,1\ somelhing and thoughl that i\ wa<;
2b Are these sentences true or false, or does !he ven good
text no! say?
Ja What do you think about Frida Kahlo? Would
1 rri<fo Kahlo hada good cducatton. you like to know more about her? Would you like to
2 Shc had two vcrv bad cxpcricnccs \\ hcn shc see more of her paintings? Why ! Why not?
\\a:, voung.
3 Shc was on n trarn whon a bus crashcd into it. 3b Think about sorne important events in your lie.
What happened? Did they change your life in any
4 Shc sraned palntlng whcn shc me! Diego Rivera. way? Tell your partncr.
5 Shc travclled a lot in Mexico.
6 Peoplc dtdn'r lhink that shc was a talcntcd paintcr.

"16 @ijilij People

 CREATIVE LIVES 22.
I G RAM MAR: past continuous
pronunciation

6a m Wds/WCrC listen te W,15 and were in

We use thc past continuous to talk about a longer these sentcnces. How do we pronounce them?
background action in the past, whcn a shortcr action 1 1 \\JS ,;ining.
mterrupts it or happens during it. We use thc past simple 2 \V;:is shc c.1ting?' -vcs. shc ,,as.'
for thc shorter action.
3 \Ve were studv lng.
al ShC' was travelling on .1 hus when a tram crashed into it. 4 'vvcrc thc-, runninA?' ')C",, thcv wcre.'
bl ShC' beg.m to p,1in! whlle she was recoverlng trom
thc accidcnt. ,m\ 6b ID listen and repeat thcsc sentences.

4a Match these time lines 7 Choose a time (e.g. len o'clock last nighl)
with thc sentences above. and ask your classmates what they were doing
al that time. Make a note of their answers .
Thcn report to thc dass.
4b Find two more examples in the text.
\t tm o'dod. /a,1 night f..ritin,1 and \l,rrin,1
4c How do we rnakc scntences in the past continuous 11 ('ft' dning tht'lf f1omC'11 nr/... Rom,m 11 ,1.,

(affirmative, negative and questions)? 11c11d1i11.: 1\.

wc also use the past conttnucus on lts own tu talk about

actions in progre,;,;; in the past. Wc otcn uve a time
I SPEAKING I
exprcssion when we do this.
He 1.1\ doin ,, p,1i11ting 011 ,1 11,1/1,11 bcr school ot that time.
Ba mm You are going lo invite a famous
person from the pasl or present to dinner. listen
'What 1nn' }OU doin.: al eleven o'dock las/ 11ighU' to the example and complete these sentences.
'/ W,H 11,l/C/Jin.: T\.'
._. language reference and etra precnce. pages 128-129

5 m Complete the texts. Use the past continuous or past

simple of the verbs and wrile in the missing names. Then
l think h<.' ,... as thc grC'alest cvcr.
listen and check.
2 He had ,1mazing ---------
3 He could _
4 He h.1d a hig inluenll' on _
5 He 1,as also a m,rn. latcr in hi
lifc, he gavc ----------
6 How did you fecl when you \IJCrc
eight )'ears old, and -------
o Ncvv Orlcans for monc)?

ttassan ra1hy Junlchiro Tani:,;aki John lennon

A was an lnspirational Bnush musician

frorn Liverpool ancl in thc most fomous pop group of
JII nmc The Bcatles. ln 1980, he 1 Irctunu to
hls horno in New York when somrone z tshoon

and 1 11,,ill) him.

8 was an importan! Cg)pli,1n anhuect.

He'-- tdesign) his first butldmg 111 the 1930s, Bb Work with a partner. Who would you
whcn he-- llcachl at rhc Facult) o Fine Arts invite? Make sorne notes undcr these headings:
in Carro. He"'-- (build modcrn hou,;{><; tn tho
hic;1her lite tcarl, l,1IC'rl prr.;on,1li1,
him his .ibilitil"'i, .. m
traditional Egyptian style.
influl'lllC
C was J )JpanC'SC' \\ ntcr, He--

(write) ahoul jopoocse culture and thc mflucncc ni I\\O quc><;lion.; vou \\Ould liC' lo ak him,hcr
western countries on lepan. 1n 1923, ,,hcn he 8
thvc! in Tokyo, a grcat carthouakc "- de,.,tro)'l
Be Work in groups without your partner. Tell
your group about your guest. listen to the other
his home and he 10 tmover 10 Os.1k.1.
students. Then choose two guests lo invite.
P

c
!
o

7
2!3 S CE NAR I O
I PREPARATION ldUl111idH1Jmil
3a Wurd stress The word cunfident has three
1a Work with a partner. Talk about whcre you live. syllables: ccn-ft-dent. How many syllables are there
Do you llve with your family? Do you share a flat in the adjectives in Exercisc 2?
with fricnds?
3b l:IEJ How do we pronounce confic/ent? Listen
1b Imagine you are looking for a latmate. Choose and check.
five o Lhe following things that are importan! to
you. What other things are importan! in a flatmate?
1 conidcnt 2 conidcn!
3 confidrnt

Compare your ideas with your partner.

I\ atmatc should ... 3c IID Mark the stress on the adjectives in

havc similar intercsts to me not smokc Exercise 2. Then listen and check.
be friendly and sociable havc a job
be good-looktng be rich 3d Test your partner. Say one of the adjedives.
do his/hcr washing up be a good cook Your partner tells you the opposite.
be qulct nnd polttc be tidy
be honcst be clever I SITUATION I
2 IID Match these opposite adjectlves. Then listen
and check. Stephanie (a PhD student from Cermany) and Xu
Ming (from Hong Kong and works for an advertising
1 politc a) shy
company) share a three-bedroom flat in London.
2 friendly b) horrible They are looking for a new flatmate. Stephanie is in
3 confidcnt e) rude Cermany at the moment and she missed the people
4 nicc d) miserable who carne to see the flat. Xu Mlng telephones
Stephanie and tells her about the different people.
5 chcerful e) unfriendly
6 hard-working o stupid 4a 11!1 Listen lo part of their conversation. Do
7 ele ver g) quiet you think Stephanie wants this person to be the
8 chauy h) lazy new flatmate?

4b Listen again and complete

Stephanie's notes. Write one
word in each gap.

N,,,o/N,ho,afrnyJob
tv\.rtm, -.wi, l .

p ""'"''"1
At f...+. ..+ '"'1 , No+ 5
/t;ycJ-i'M'b 'Su,,I'( horo;t ;Jk) 'I

<k,
W.?f-Ulr 5 Ofl T\': ltJte< 6 .

1
?k>o1c.< 1 !,..rk,t. ,OY ooM
Woan'), doino< 51,wt 11
x M1s op11110f1
ltffl to (r.1c:. ......rlti ;i 10 ,, Would
'" to q-i;yc:. Mfh a ill\
 Sharing a flat 2!3
I KEY LANGUAGE, describingpeople I TAS K: choosing a new ftatmate

Sa m Complete these questions frorn !he 6a Work with a partncr. You are going to find
conversation. Then listen and check. out about the other people who want lo share thc
1 what's he flat. Write notes about each person under these
2 Wh,11 docs he likc? headings.

Namc/Nationa lity/Job Appcarancc

3 Wh,11 he like?
Personallty Other infcrmaon
4 you likc to live with him? LikevOislikcs

Sb Match the questions above with the sections of Student A: Ask cbout Toslu. Then turn to page 1 13
the notes in Excrcise 4b. and answcr B's qucstlons.
Student B: Turn 10 pagc 11-' and answcr
Se Complete these sentences rom the A's quostions. TI1l'n ask ahout Isabel le.
conversatton. Then look al Track 1.14 on page 151
and check. Which questions in Exercise Sa do they 6b You and your partner share a flat in London.
answer? You are looking for a new flatmate. Discuss each o

1 Hc's shon brown hair. the three people, Martin, lsabelte and Toshi. Who
2 l lt> likc tha! Hollywood actor. would you like to live with?

3 He honcst and tidy.

4 He cortainly chatty OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

5 He works long hours, hc's hard-working. What du )'OU lhink of ... ?

Wh,11 ebour ... ?

6 He wotching sport on TV.
7 He nicc clothcs.
I likc I don't likc ... beca use ...
1 agrcocsagrce.
Sd Choose someone you know, e.g. a friend or So do l. /Do you?
a mernber o your family. Prepare answers for the
Neithcr do l./ Don'! you?
questions in Excrcise Sa. Ask your partner about
his/her person.
.,
 STUDY SKILLS: learning
styles and strategies

o Can you remember any of the photos in Unit 1 of
this course book?
2 Do you find it easy to understand charts and diagrams?
3 To remember the spelling of a word, do you write it
down severa! times?
4 Can you find mistakes in your own writing?
5 Are you good at using maps?
6 Have you gota good memory for people's faces?
7 When you get a new piece of equipment (e.g. a DVD
player), do you read the instruction book carefully?
8 When you were a child, did you enjoy reading books
1 a llm Listen to two people lalking about thetr in your free time?
experiences of learning a new skill and answer these
questions.
1 What dld thov leami
2 Did thcy cnjoy lcarning il? o9 Do you enjoy discussions about the subjects you are
1b Listen again and answer these questions. studying?
1 Who hclped thcm? 10 Do you enjoy listeoing to lectures and talks?
2 Was it casy or difficult to lcarn? 11 To remember the spelling of a word, do you say the
letters alood?
3 How did they ccl whcn thcy could do it? 12 Is it difficult for you to srudy in a noisy place?
13 Do you enjoy listening to books on CD?
2a Work in a small group. Tell your partners about 14 Wheo you think of a phone number, do you hear the
something that you have learned successfully in your
numbers in your head?
life (e.g. a school subject, to ride a bike, to drive).
15 When people tell you their names. do you remember
Use the questions in Exercise 1a and b to help you.
them easily?
2b Write down one or two things that you learned 16 When you were a child, did you like listening to stories?
from the exprrience.
Everyone learns in different ways and very often
we can't say that one way is better than another.
However, there are things we can all do to improve
G
17 Do you leam best by doing things rather than reading
our learning. One thing is to understand better
about them?
how we tearn, and to know our strengths and 18 Do you like doing experiments (e.g. in a laboratory)?
weaknesses. 19 Do you enjoy role-plays?
3 Do this questionnaire to find out your learning 20 Is it difficult for you to study when there are many things
style. Give each stalemenl a mark out of 5 (5 = Yes, happening around you?
a lot I easily, etc. 1 = No I Not al all, etc.). Then turn 21 Do you move your hands a lot when you're ta/king?
22 When you get a new piece of equipment (e.g. a DVD
to page 112 toread the analysis of your answers and
player), do you ignore the instruction book?
tips to improve your learning.
23 In your free time, do you like doing things with yoor hands
{e.g. painting)?
24 When you were a child, did you do a lot of physical
activity in your free time?

20 il@f Q Pcople I
 W R ITI NG S KI L L S 2!4
WRITING SKILLS: 4 Michal is a student ata language school in
keeping a learning diary Cambridge. Read the entries from his learning
diary and answer these questions.
lt is a good idea when you are studymg Engltsh to keep a
1 What did Mkhal study on Ihursdav momlng!
learning drary. \Vriting makcs our thoughts and feelings
clearcr. 11 gives us 1hinking time and helps us tu organise 2 Did he undcrst,md thc cxplanations in dass?
our ideas. I! also helps us lo make plans and to see our 3 Why is he gtad 1h.1t he came to this school?
progress and dcvelopmcnt. Writing about our learning 4 Does he !e.irn more on his mvn or in el group?
can hclp uc become better learners.
5 Wh docs he think that his listcning is
improving?
Thursday 20th October
5 In a learning diary you can wrile about:
This mornmg we leamed how to use phrases like So do f
1 }OUr feelings abour thc coursc/t.oursebook.
and Neither do l. Jane's a good teacher. She explained
2 things vou find diffkul!.
everything well and in the class I understood perfectly. Now,
l'm not so sure! 1 need to look at the lesson again tomorrow J things you can do to hclp you lcam.
- perhaps with my classmate Gozem - she's really elevar 4 things )'OU lcarn about yoursclf.
and helpful! l'm glad I decided to come to this scnool (the Find examples of 1-4 above in Michal's diary.
teachers and students are great) and at the moment l'm
very happy here. 6 Linkers Sludy lhe examples o lhe linking
words until, at first, thcn, at thc moment and
Friday 21st October aflcrwards in the text. Then choose the best
word lo complete thesc scntences.
Today I had lunch with sorne of my classmates and we
1 ;\/ fi,, At tlu moment I couldn'I do thc
spoke a lot of English! Afterwards, Gozem and r studied
homework but until 1hen a fricncl explalncd
together and she helped me with the homework. 1 now
how to do it.
realise that I enjoy working with other people like lhis - it's
fun and l leam better than on my own. 2 1\1 firslUnlil I was shy and didn'I ask Jll)
questions., \1 the momenl / Then I bccamc
more condcnr.
Sunday 23rd October
3 l'm cnjoving mv ne\\ coursc in this countrv
I think my listening is getting better. 1 had a lot of trouble with JI fip;/ / c11 lhe moml'nl.
it unnl l carne here. Tois evening I watched a film ln English
4 1 didn'l use .m Enghsh-Engltsh dictionary ar
on TV. At nrst. 1 didn't understand much. but then I started to
r/r,1 then hut then / el/ tho moment I m1liSt.d
understand what the people were saying. 1 wrote down sorne
th.11 it \\as hcttcr than lranslating words.
of the expressions they used in my vocabulary book.
5 r \\.lS \\Orking hard tmtil .1fteniar)> m llt'\\
latma!c arrh,ecl!
6 \Ve hada \'C'ry long and diiicult exam this
,1fternoon. 1 fe>lt re.ilh tircd ,lh<'marc/ .11 fil
and \\en! lo hed earlv.

7 Start )'Our own learning diary. Write about

100 words and show it to your teacher. After
that, keep the diary for yourse/f. Try to wrilc
something every day or two. Aftcr aboul a
month, read the diary from the beginning.
Do you nolice any changes in your English,
yoursel, or in the way you learn?

11Jlld 21
 The media
MY MEDIA

VOCABULARY AND I READING

SPEAKING: the media
2a Callum Roberlson works for BBC Learning English. Read the
1a Pul these words into three groups: webpage about him on page 23 quickly. Do you think he has an
A for newspapers and magazines, interesting job/life? Why I Why not?
B for television and radio, and C for
computers and the Internet. (Sorne 2b Complete the gaps in the text with these phrases.
words can go in more than one group.) al 1 also warch a lot oTV
hl I somcmcs travel abroad to.g. China, Bra?ill
advcrt artclc celcbrttv comcdv d loorn thc phoncmic sv mhols
com1ut<>r g,1me rc,tlil\ lV show di J startcd working or thc BBC in 1998
dr.in1.1 ernail journalist m..-scnter
produccr programrne
search cnginc series
documcmarv
'-OJJJ opero
I LISTENING I
staon wcbcast Helen Frands is a journalist with a nalional newspaper. Every weck.
she writes an artide for the newspaper. The article is about how
1 b Are these statements true for your medi,1 workers use the media themselves.
country? Discuss thcm with a partner.
1 'vcwspapcr-, are horlng.
3a IID Listen to her tclephone inlerview wilh Callum. Which of
these different types of media does he use a Jot?
2 Ihcre are a lol o ruagazines about
ncwspapcrs magoztncs tele, icion r,1dio thc Intoroet
cclobruies.
3 Soap operas are ali thc samc. 3b lisien again. Are these sentences true or false?
4 Computcr gamcs arc v iolent and 1 Callum docsnt buv a newspapcr everv dav.
cvpcnsive. 2 WhC'll he cvcles 10 work. he gcts one oi the ir(_,._, ncw-papcrs.
5 lourncltsts U'-U.l!h ILll thc truth. 3 Thc maga?ine"- th.it he rcads are mJinh computer maga7int,,;.
4 He likec; a ,arie!\ o diffC'rent TV programmes.
5 He Hstcns to thc r,1clin ,, hen hc's doing other thtngs.
6 He onh U'>l'S the Internet ior business.
7 Tbc phvslcal fccllng o holding ,1 newspapcr i,;; impor1,ml or him.

22 11@181 The media

I GRAMMAR, articles Sb Complete this description of a TV adverl wilh
.1/.1n or the.
4 Complete these grammar notes with the words
Thcre's 1 funny advort on 2 TV al thc
in lhe box. Then find examplcs in the webpage text.
morncru. This is what happens. 1 honesr-
,l.lan thr no ar1idc I looking man and 4
gcning married. '>
beautifut woman are
woman is wearing <, _

1 S(' \\ ilh plural nouns. to 1.111.. .ihour pcoplc cxpcnsivc wcdding drcss. 7 man looks vcry

or tblngs in general. happy. At the last minute. howcvcr, 8 woman

2 Use \\ ith ,1 singular noun, ,md to talk ahout runs away and q man is vcry surpriscd. Thcn

,1 pcrIDn's job. wc soe why. Outsldc. 10 car is waiting for

11 woman. We rcalisc that 12 woman
3 Use with singular or plural nouns. to lal], leves 13 car more than she lovcs 14 _
about a particular pcrson. place or thing, orto tall. man!
ahoul people, places or things your listcner knm,s
about.
Se Write four or five sentences about a TV advert you
Wc use a when wc talk about someone or
know.
somelhing or the firsl time. We use thc when wc
talk about that pcrson or thing again.
l teten I rsncs , a joum,1/ist with a nation,1f I SPEAKING
now-poper: [v('rt 11'ft'.(, ,he writes an .mtctc for thc
ne11 'P/X'' 6 lnterview your partner about how he/she uses
the media. Use the questions in Track 1.17 on page
Sa Find examplcs of this use o a and the in the text. 151 to help you. Ask about the things below and
Language refercnce and extra practice, pages 130-131 make notes o the answers.
ncwspapcrs m,1.;..i7inc-.; tclcvision radio
rhe Internet

Do you use Lhe media in a similar way to your

partner!

.
- ,.
lll'

What do you do?

I work on a BBC website for leamers of English ali over the world. I wnte matenal
for the srte. I erso produce and present ltve webcasts and features for radio and
online. I usually work in London but 1 .

What did you do befare you joined the BBC?

I was an English language teacher and teacner trainer. 1 taught in Japan,
Denmark, China and England. 2 when I wrote and presented a radio series

called English in Question. Toe series lasted for 40 episodes.

What do you do in your free time?

Most of ali, I hke playlng racket sports, particularly badminton and squash.
I enJoy scuba diving and I love hiU wafking. 3 and spend a lot of time using
my computer.

What's your best piece of advice for leam@rs?

Every learner is different so it's hard to give a single t1p. However, in general,
practise, practise, practise1 You need to work hard, so study the irregular verb
tables and 4_.
Thc media @IJIII 23
 WORLD NEWS

I READING AND SPEAKI G I VOCABULARY, nouns

1 Discuss these questions in small groups. Sa Choose the corred word to complete these
1 I-IO\\ ocn do vou ,,atrh thc ncws on tclevlsionz definitions.
\\ hich channcls do vou ,,atch? 1 A journ,,liI / journ,1/im is sorncone who writcs
2 \Vha1 nrc the hig ncws stcries .:il thc momcnt? rcports ior tclcvsion. magazines, tclevlscn or rado.
2 Joumalist / loumati-m is the job o\\ riting rcports
2a Whal do you know about these news for tclcc ision, magazines, uewspapcrc or radio. or
companies? the subjcct rhat pcople studv.
BlC World Al lozecra tntem.uoual
Onc\\'orldl\ AIIAirit,1.com ('N
World Ne\\S 'eetwork !\VN,.coml

2b Read lhis article from a British in-flight magazine

and find out more aboul the news companies. Choose
the best tille for lhe text 1-4.

1 The cnd of Tv ncws 3 World OC\\ s. global llcs

2 Chcosc thc ncws 4 Local ncw-. real lile

3a Complete these sentences with thc names o

the news companies in the text.
1 ,md .ue traditional. western newc
broackosrers.

2 , and are not tele, ision

cornpanlcs.

3 .md report sorne diercot storics from

tbc rrun broarkasters.

4 , ,md emplee wcll-tralncd.

profes.. ional reporrcrs.

5 doc... no\ usu.rllv pa, its rcportcrs.
6 has a spcctal inlercst in pocr countrtes and
lh(ir problcrns.
7 ancl are Internet siles that prm idc

links lo manv news produccrs.

3b Whal do these words in the text refer to?

1 rhcsc tlinc 81 4 it tlinc 2m
2 it dinc 191 5 lhl' (lim. 3-11
3 this companv rllnc 261

4 Dtscuss these questions with a partner. Give

examples and explain your opinions.
1 Do \ ou e, er \\ .uch ,m, of rhc international ncw s
channcls or gct vour ncws rom thc Internet?
2 \\'hich ne,, cbenncls do vou trust?
3 ls the inueasc in non-procs.. ional journalism a
goocl lhing?
4 \\'hat are thc advantagcs and dlsadv.mtogcs 01
ncwspapcrs. TV ami Inrcrnot news?
24 1@11@ The media
 WORLD NEWS

Sb Pulthesenuun..,inlulwogroups:Aforthe
person and B for the job or subject.
I GRAMMAR: relalive pronouns

pbotographer art photograph, 6a look al this sentence from the text.

sclcrulet polilil ian artist sciencc fht' joum.1fi!>I!> an- t'\X'rienced 1\filer;,, th.u producf'
journ,1/i,m oi .l high st,mdard.
pwchologv politlcs psvchologtsr
lt has two pleces of inormation.
A: photograph<'r 1 Thc joumallsts are oxpcrionccd ,, riter-,.
R: photogr,1ph\ 2 Thc journa[ists produce jourrulivn of a
high standard.

What are the two pleces o inforrnation in each of

these sentences?
The main utemnuonat broodcasters are BBC 1 BBC World and C'\11' ere popular chonnclv that
World and C'v'c, With an audicncc of ovcr 1. 5 makc gcod qualitv ncws pmgramrncs.
billion pcoplc. these are popular channcls thut 2 Oncworld i'i an Internet sc ,, hlch has ,:;toric-;
olTer ,,'OOd quality news progrmmnes. In both about rhc dcvcloping "orle! an<I hum.1n righls.
IU compancs. thc journalists are expcricnccd \\ ritcrs 3 Thc "riters for this cornpam ,ire otc>n local prople
that produce Journalism o ,1 hlgh standard. "ho \\ ri11.. lhr <;tori('I; ior free.

l Iowcvcr, rherc are ahcmuuvc news channcls 6b look at the sentences above and complete
which pcople wurch becausc they want a less these grammar notes.
trnditional or non-western view on world cvcms. 1 \\C' use ami to ]in\.. iniormatinn about
1i ;\J luaccrn hucrnauonal is an Ambic lclevision peoplc..
news company that starlcd an 1:nglish hmguagc 2 \\'r use ,md lo link informarion ahout
intcrnational channd in 1006. \\'ilh more thun lhmgs.
1 5 officcs and profcssional journalists ali over Language> re>ference and etra practice, pages 130-131
thc world. it says it glves a frcsh vtcw on thc 7 Join these pairs of sentences .
.!U bi srortcs and it shows thc ncws tlmt wc don"t
1 Politic.iani. are ,en importanl ,copie.
normally sec.
Politid,ms m.il..e the l,ms in ,1 countn.
Thc Internet offcrscvcn more vurlcty; OncWorld 2 The Unitt.'CI NJ!ion'i is ,1 global organisJtion.
is an Internet sitc which has storics abom the
The Unitcd Nation<; tries to <;ohc "orld problem<;.
dc,eloping world and human rights. rnthcr
_, 3 1'.elson M,mdl'l,1 ,,as a gre.:it le,1der.
than thc usual storics ahout l'S politks ami
business. Thc wrers for this company are ullcn He made his counln a airer pl.:ice.
local pcoplc \\ ho writc the sroncs for free. This 8 We often use relative pronouns to makc
non-professional jounmlism is incrcasing and it definitions. Match 1-3 wilh a-e and write wholthat
ccrtalnly ofTcrs more choice. or which/that.
1 A journJlist is someonc
111 All,\frica.com and \\l\''\.com are elso Internet
ucws :.itDi, bm thcy don't produce rhc ncws 2 One\\orlcl is a cornpan
sroncs. lnstcad. they have links to more than 3 Global is an adjec"li\e
.000 ncws organtsattons ecross thc wurld. On JI mc,ms 'intcrn,11ion.:il' or 'all o,er the \\orld'.
siles llkc thcsc. with a dick of thc mousc. rou
bl writes storie<; for tele, j.;;iun .rnd nC\, "Jl,ipers.
H sclect thc news th.n you u,1111 to S('C.
c.l prO\,idc nC\, about thc. dl'wloping \\orld.
So. ncxi time you are in a hotel room. bcorc you
turn on thcT\ pcrhaps you should turn on your
Japlop und dtscovcr the wcrld's news yoursdf.
I SPEAKING I
9 Work with a partner to complete a crossword.
Studenl A: Turn to pagc 1 14.
Student B: Turn to page 117.

The media @ij@jiii 25

I SITUATION pronunciation

3a llm Scntence stress We stress sorne words

1 Can you name any factual TV programmes about more than others in sentences. Listen to the first
these tapies? Do you like these programmes? sentence of the introduction to Fame and Fortune.
pnlitiu pop muste films business cars Helio and welcomc to Famc ,md Fortune, the
comed, fashion cclobnes ,rnd forne programmc that hrings you the fre,;hcst ncws ami
design naturc ancl thc cnvironrncnt view<; frorn the worlds of politics, business and
entertainmcnt.

2a 1113 listen to the introduction to a ncw TV 3b listen again and repeat.

programme, fame and Fortunc. Which of the tapies
in Exercise 1 does today's programme indude? Je DIJ Look at the rest of the introduction in
Track 1.18 on pagc 152. Which words do you think
2b listen again and answer these questions. are stressed? Underline them. Then listen again
1 What is the intcrvicw with the Ocputy Prime and check.
Minister about
3d Practise reading the introduction aloud. Be
2 Whcrc do thc film directors come from? careful with the stress.
3 What are 'Thc Hoodics'?
4a 11m listen to the programme development
4 Who does Tony Coitan visil? team brainstorm ideas for fame and Fortune. What
5 What docs Lynne Millcr do? ideas do they decide to indude in the programme?
6 Who do )'OU think is the main audtcnce far this What ideas do they decide not to include?
programme?
a) childrcn and tecnagcrs
4b h listen again. What is the fresh angle for
eac idea?
b) young working adults ,<;-;:__:;:'.:;::. _
e) famities ""
d) clderly peoplc
 I
That's entertainment! 33
KEY LANGUAGE, Se Look atTrack 1.20 on page 152 and find more
making suggestions examples o this language. Notice the different
grammar that follows each key phrase.
Sa 1111 Complete these sentences from the Sd You are making plans for a friend who is visiting
conversation in Exercise 4a. Then listen and check. you ncxt wcck. Complete the suggestions below.
!et'<; anv about don't <hall anything Then read your partncr's suggestions.
\\ hat should not 1 Why don'I \\.C ?
2 ters -----
1 ideas? 3 Lct's not _
2 Why we get sorne politicians on thc
4 We should
programmc? -----
5 What ebout ?
3 Lct's intcrvicw thcm about politics.

4
5
ask them about thcir lives.
clse?
I TAS K: planning a TV prograrnrne

6 \\le havc a llvc band on the programmc. 6a Work with a partner orina small group. You work
7 \\lh,11 intervicwing rich peoplc! in the programme development department o a TV

8 \Vhat clsc we pul in the programmc? channel. Vou are going to design a weekly television

9 about somcthing with animafc;? programmc for the channel. Read the instructions
below and prepare sorne ideas and suggestions.
Sb Which of the sentences in Exercise Sa: 1 Decide on rhe targct audience far thc programmc,
a) give ideas or suggcstions? c.g. tccnagcrs, young aduhs. eldcrly pcople.
profcsslonal peoplc, housewlvcs and house
' b) ask for ideas? husbands, malc or fcmale ...
2 Decide on thc day and time for thc programmc,
e.g. a wcckday lunchtimc programmc, a Saturdey
cvcning progr.1mme ...
3 Decide on thc contcnt o thc programme, e.g. What
tapies should thc programmc covcr? How can vou
make it interesting for yovr !argel audicncc? Can you
think o any frcsh anglos or the toplcvi How many
prosemore should rhe programme have?
4 Decide on thc namc o the programmc.

6b After you agree the formal, imagine the first

programme. Who are the guestst What are the
tapies? Wrile thc presenter's introduction to the
first programme.

6c Read your introduction lo the other groups. Be

careful wilh your scntence stress.

6d What do you think o the other programmes?

Can you guess the target audience and broadcast
time for these programmes? Would you like to watch
any of thcm?

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

Fine, bur ... Thal',; true.
l agrcc. but ... Pcrhaps that's not ,1 g<J(XI idea.
Exaclly. Great idea.
Reall)? No, t don'! think wc should do that.
The media
IIJjifj 27
 STUDY SKILLS, 3c look al this list o things we find when students
working with others work welt together. Match them with phrascs a-j
from the conversatlon.
1 Many tasks in this coursebook ask you to 'Discuss 1 Asking your partncr what hc/she thinks about a
with a partner' or 'Work in small groups'. Make a list topic
o things you like about working in class with others, 2 Chccking tha! you understand somcthing
and things you don't like. Compare your ideas in
3 Asking your partncr to explain somothtng yuu
small groups!
don'! unclerstand
l liJ..<' e'(ch,mging idC',b with other students. 4 Agrreing \\ ith your partncr
11 somoumos quite difficult to understand m>
5 Dlsagrcclng {poli1cly!) wrth your partncr
p-utner's .1cnn1.
6 Showing lotcrcst in what your partner says
2a IID listen to a talk to new students on an al What do you think aboul ... ?
English language course in York. Does the speaker
b) t think I agrt'C with you. b,1si<.,1lly.
mention any of your ideas from Exercise 1?
el That's an Imcresung point.
2b Choose the words the speaker used. Then listen d) Anyway, what do )'OU thlnk!
again and check.
e) Sony, 1 don'! rcally undorstand. Whal do }'CJU
1 11 incr(',1.es / influenas tho amount of time cacb mean, cxaclly?
studcnt can talk.
O J'm not sure J agroc wlth you.
2 11 hclps studcnts bccome more ch<1/f} / confidcn/.
gl Are you saying that ... ?
3 11 encouragcs students to becorre more dedic.Jll'C I
h) You'rc righl, ,1uua!ly.
indepenrk.'flt lcarners.
i) Absolutcly. I Ex,Klly. ji
4 11 pro, ldcs varil'ty / enP'fff in thc lcsson.
5 You can le.un importan// imcrestmg things from
Yes, but ...
othcr studcnts.
4 Work with a partner. Discuss one or two of thcse
6 11 gives the tcache- thc chance to sce how cvcrybody questions. Use the language in Exercise Je.
is orking ond communic,lling / commeming.
1 Which is bcucr in your counlry, TV or new,;papcrs?
2c Can you think of any other advantages or 2 Which ar( you more in1crcs1cd in, intcrn;1tion,1I
disadvantages of working in pairs or groups? Are or nalional news?
there more advantages than disadvantages? 3 Is thcrc 100 much ncws ilbout cdcbritie<; in 1he
me<li,1?
3a 1DJ Two language studcnts are discussing this
4 What do you think about TV news prt-scnters in
question: Do you always believc the news? Listen to
your country?
their conversation. Do you think they are working
well together? Why / Why not? 5 l'> thc Interne! a gnod thing{
6 How importan! is r,1dio thesc days?
3b listen again. Who agrccs with these statements;
llwoo, Roberta or both of themf Wrile /, R or B.
1 You can lrust thc OC\\S on TV more than the
ncwspapcrs.
2 l!'s sometimos inrcrcsting lo read about cclebruies.
3 The British don't Iccl part o Eurooc.
4 Therc isn't any ncws about South Korca in the Hritish
medie.

28 IIJjf fi The media

 W R I TI N G SKI L L S 3:4
WRITING SKILLS: 6b Read Lhe text agatn and answer thcse questtons.
a TV programme review 1 \\lh, i-, thC' collar o hi,;; shirt ,1 lor biggl'r?
2 \\ h, arcn't thorc auv computcrs in thr- polkc
Sa Do you know lhese words for TV programmes? ,;;ta1ion?
Check any unfamiliar words in your dictionary.
3 Wh, dn vou think tbe narnc o thi,; ,;;cril"i j,;; Lilf"
on \l,1r,
lh.il .. how , hildrcn'c: prowammc soap opera
< urront anairs programmC' drama scom
7 Look al paragraphs 2 and 3 in the text. Which is a
k><.unwnl.iT) garnc ,;;ho\\ n.uure pronrarnmc
description? Which givcs us the wriler's opinions?
llC'\\.., \ ariet\ show serie"
8a We usually find these things in a TV or film
Sb Discuss thcse questions in small groups. review. Find thcm in the tcxt.
1 Tl'II ,our grnup abour a TV programmc serie- vou 1 ,1 summarv o thc <;1ory
watched nxcntlv. \\ h,11 wav il ,1huuf? \\a.., it ood? 2 rh-tails o the main charactcrrst
\\ll\ \\h, nof? 3 ,1 dcscripon nf thc pl,,LC{!>l ,, horc tand thc tinu-
2 Arl Ihcrc anv tvpc-- oi programrnc that vou oncn or whcnt tho actlon happcns
ncvcr \\Jlth? 4 a strong ending wbcrc thc ,, ritcr rccomrncnds tor
doe,; not rc.'lomnwnd!J !he prngrammlf<;Lrics/iilm
6a Read thi,; revew nf a TV series. Is it positive or
negatjvet Would vou like to watch this series? 5 comrncnts on thc actorv' pcrfonn.inc cv (.incVor
othl'r opinion<;l
6 .m in!l'rLsting be.;innin.;

8b What do yuu think is the brst order for these

things in a review? Discuss with a partner.

Be Remember: a common mistake when writing a

review is lo write a lot about the story, but very littlc
about your opinions o the programme. How many
scntcnces in this review tell us the story of Lifc on
Mars?

9 A review nceds a good beginning and ending.

Look al these endings to TV reviews. Which do you
like bes!? Which don't you likc? Whyf Compare your
ideas in small groups.
1 i\lo<;! TV i,; ruhhi"h, hut 1hcre ,m ,;0111(' progr,1111111('<;
)OU ha,P 10 \\,1tch. l11i" i onC' o 1hl'lll.
2 1 rc.1Jh likL"<l rhis progr.,mrne.
The Iastnon and culture of the 1970s are very popular J Thi<; comL'<I} isn't unn. Don't ,,.1td1 ,111 morl'. Go
today, but Llfe on Mars, a new pollee series, reminds us oul \\ ilh } our friends instl',l<l - ) nu e an l.1u.;h morC'.
what lrfe was really Jike then. ..J ,\\ tonLlusion: horing!
5 11 \\JS f.i,;cinatin, m,1giL,1I .:ind diffcrcnt this ,,,1!.
The story ts simple In Manchester, 2006, a car knocks
!,\rl'al TV.
down Oetectrve Ch1ef Inspector Sam Tyler (John
6 l'or 1he nl':..1 <;i\ \\C('k. millions nf u., ha\l' ,1 d.ill'
S1mm) while he rs looking for a klller. He wakes up
on Mond,1, night,;.
m 1973. He rs st1H a pollee officer m Manchester and
7 11,i., pmgr,1m111c harl one .:ood ide.1. Bul 4 million
he is su11 lookmg for the same killer. However. the
., ., 101 of lllOIW\ !O!.pcnd (Jll Otll' id(,1.
collar of ms shnt rs a lot b1gger and there aren't any
computers m the pohce station. 1 O Write a revicw for a studcnt newspaper of a TV
fe on Mars is an exciting pohce drama that rs programme or series you saw recently.
part thn11er, part comedy Snnm g1ves a convmcing
performance as a man who is 10 shock, and wnter
Manhew Graham makes sure that there ,salso plenty
of emcvabte comedy.

Thc media @filfl 29

 I GRAMMAR 2 Correct the grammatical mistakes in these sentenccs.
1 Hite lu nrk w,1s tn(' film dircc tor in thc 20lh ccnturv. ,1
1 Read the article and choose !he corree! 2 He madc thc thrillcrs ami horror fihns.
forrn 1-12.
3 My local clncrna shows Re.ir Wimfrm ,11 thc morncnt.
4 Thrillers are films who shock audiencos.
5 Peoptc in Ihc UK 1,0 to tlu- cinema more ortcn thoso davs.
6 1 titclu.ock W,b dcsigning Sueen titlcs as his rst job.
7 The DVD plevcr stoppcd wlulc \\'C watchcd tho film.
8 WLs Cravcn is a director which rnakcs horror ilms.
9 1 et'.. mccr al a cinema in thc h1gh street.
10 J'm no! often w,itching horror ilm -1he, c.ire me.

TlolsWffk: 3 Discuss thcse qucstions with a partncr.

-""-
S. MllkNley Oft 1 Do you kmm ,mv iilm bv Alfrcd J Htrhmrk? no \'ou
[ikl them?
2 Do ou haw a f,ivourite film diri'ctor? \Vho?
11 aAvoys enJOr/ am aMtJ)IS enoymg a good thnller, and
as l'm 2 the / o film cnltc,. J see a lot of them One of my 3 \,Vho i the most fomous film dirL>ctor rom your counlrv!
favounte ITlOVlE' orectors is Hl!chcock. or 'Hrtch', the name 4 Whal is )Our opinion o thriller<;?
he J was prefemng j preferred Bom m London m 1899,
Alfred Joseph Hnchcod was ene of lhe most creatrve
and mspeauoral dnectors of the 20th century. Many of I VOCABULARY I
he films are dasscs wha / wh,ch are S11II popular and
importmt fms today 4a Complete the persona1ity adjectives 1-9 using these
dues. Three o the answers are adjectives from the lext in
Hitchcock carne from a poor farrnlv, and he 5 /eft/ was
Exercise 1.
leoving school earty to start work. His first ob in cmema was
deslgmng the lext on thescreen m 51Jem films. Hesoon 1 L,1ring ,1bout othcr pcople
moved mio directmg. howevef, and hrs firsl rnaor fm was 2 <;omeom who wants to hl'lp
The lodget (1926), a dark thnller. In' a/ the film, he used 3 .111 ,1djective frorn the text
new and 1ntei-esting carnera techmques.
-1 L,1[111, c,m w.1i1 for a long time and not gct ,mgry
Of the 53 feature films that Hrtchcock lldde, oeteos his
5 \ikc<; 1.ilking, t.i\k;itivc
best camewhile he' worked/wasworkmg m the Unrted
Sta tes. He made sorne amazmg hlms m fhe penod of the 6 un adjectivc frorn thc le-.:t
l950s and earty 19605. These 8 mclude / are mdudmg 7 ,ll adje<-tiw from lhe lext
the psy<holog1Cdl thellers 8 somconc who tells lhe tru1h
Rear l.findow (1954)
9 opposite nf poli/e
and Verogo (1958) and,
possibly hrs most famous,
the ternfymg horro- film
1
Psycho in 1960. H1tchcod: '
9 wos contmumg /
, contmued 10 make frlms
2 H

3 11
mto hs 705, he made his
last film, Fam1fy Plot, m
, I'
1 1

1976, four years before 5 (

he died.
6 e
Hrtchcod: was a hard-tvorkmg and ta!ente<l film-maker,
7 1 1 1
and he helped make the oreen of many young acos,
One of the mterestmg farts about hrm was that 10 an / 8 H
the actor 11 who/wh1ch eppeared most otten in hs hlms 9 R
was H1tchcock h1msem He became famous for short
appeerences, and aueeces sll 11 watch / watched for

the scene where the director appears. 4b Check your answcrs by following the down arrow (J.).
Which adjective is it?

30 REVIEW 1-3
 UN I T S 1-3
5 Complete lhe!ooe newspaper exlracts with the 8 Match the quesuons and suggeslions 1-5 with the
words in the box. responses a-e. Then look at Track 1.24 on pagc 153 and
check your answers.
hlin.1rd cclcbrltles clouch fog
1 what's he like?
doc umcntarv prcscntcr programrnc
2 1 don'! thmk wc want .1 nice, politc P'".. on ...
S(..rit><. snow -torrns \\l'I \dnch
3 \Vhat doce he look likr!
4 t think wc nced somcone }Ulmg and retaxcd,
Tonlglrt'sweatllor
5 \Vhat about gctting him tn thc studo fur ,1 t,1mer.1 test?
Wcatha" warTWlQ for Scotland - expect 15 cm of
.11 Hc's good-looking.
-- and - -- "the roth. The rlCr.h of

Ergcn:f wil be very 3 w,th sorne 4 ate< hl Yes, so do l.

oo n the everwlQ. waes WII be cokl a1d :> and ti i'.ite. HC''<; H.'r\ polnc ...

lhe south ol England w1l be wet and 6 , W'!h we cll Good ldoa.

Scotlano
y of - cb1ng the ngrl
e! Don'! ,ou?

6} 9

England Work with a partner to praclise making suggestions.
(Nonh) fog
Student A: Turn to P..1gC' 111 .
Student B: Turn to p.lgc 111.

f
Wales

I LANGUAGE CHECK

1 O Delete the extra word in these sentenccs. Thcn look

back al thc pages and check your answers.
Ooo't rnssCha 7's new real tylV show, Chang,ng 1 Thc \\C.:tthcr i,;; m1II, gucx:111(1\\ ,11 lhe nlOfll<.'01. !p,1gc 71
l.Nes. \..tlere ord,na'Y people and : swap hves
2 11-... not quite ver. told in london in,, inll.'. !f>,l!,\l' 91
lora l/o/0Elk. In tonights 9 hotJse1.,fe and

mother-of-five. Mafia lester from Cardrfl. learns ho',N 3 Do \'OU ,1rc ,;;ta, in thC' cil\ in 51.mmll'r? 1p,1ge ()
10 cesen the latest J about animals lfl the 4 \ \t t ,1n go <.kiing hut ,md ,, e ( ,10'1 o trcl..J...ing. 1p,1gc I .Jl
poputa, "--, Natural World The prograrnme's 5 l did tr,iined t.'\l'r\ da\ for the m..1r.1thon. !p,1gt 151

'6gUlar' , Ahson Roberts, moves into Mana's

b. H' Srcvc the jnh. 6
house and lfe. Expect a IOt of problems but QUlle a
l l 1m 11(' SIC'\l' 10 mcct rho othcr pcoplc on \\
few ,aughs. Great lor Fnday-rnghl view1ng.
thc- ..,flO\\. L'
are
I KEY LANGUAGE ,,
('f(_

6a Two TV producers want to choose a ,,.11

presentcr for a new reality TV show for young c
pcople. Work wilh a partner. Discuss what kind hin
of person would be good in the role. g
n'
6b 1111 listen to their conversation. Did you . 11
have the samc ideas as thc producers?
10.
7 listen to the convcrsation again and choose 00
thc ccrrect answcr. J,1<.t
nig
1 Tlu- two producers \\,mi .l prcwntcr \\ ho 1<;:
,l' polltc ,md uart. h1.
h1 frilndl, ,ind t,1..,uaL 1p..1
l condcnt .1nd <.uuft\. gL'
2 Th(\ decide to: 1 11
7
,l inv uc Stcvc lor .1 carnera tcct.
'\\
 ha!'.., lulic Jil..e?' 'Sht.., Jil..t \l'r\ friendl,.' !p,1gl' l C)J
8 1 rc,111, don't likt. thlthat ,;;hci,,. !p,1gc> 2 J
9 \ fl('\\ ..fl,1dcr ,. <.0rn('onc who it prt'Sl'OI!> lh('
nt'\\ .... !p..ige !'il
10 \Vh,11 ,ltl\ thing l'l<;t. ,;;h,11[ \\l' intlude? !p,igt 111

I LOOK BACK I
11 Find !he exercisc in Units 1-3 where you:
leMn ,1houl <.l,1tc ,incl ,1ttion ,crh. tUnil l l
m1d ,1 lt'\I alxiut ,, inltr in Silx.ri,1. !Unit 11
,,rite ,1 guiddmol... tnlr\ 1ur ,our l<IUnlf\. 1Uni1
r
11,ltn 111.in mtPf"\.iP\\ ,,ith .1111.irathon nmner.
iUnit 21
t,111.. ,1l)(1ut ,,hoto im11t for rlinnl'r. 1Unit 21
le,irn ho,, 10 duihe ,1 1xrron. 1Uni1 11
n,1d .111 ,1rtrc. le al)(1UI dii('ff'OI OC'\\ comp,mics.
t Unir J !

pl ..10 a Ol'\\ \\L'C'I..I, T\I progr..1mml'. 1Unit JI

,uitt a re, il'\\ of ,1 n progr.unnw. !Unit 11

..J
31

REVIFW 1-3
 Health
4.1 DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS

SPEAKING AND VOCABULARY,

medical words (1)

1 a Work with a partner. Which word is the odd one lntcrnationul ,\ kJi-.Aid
out in each group? Why? Use your dictionary.
Podcast results 111,1
1 doctor surgeon clinic nurse
2 medlclne treatment injurv surgcrv 1 reld d1Jt) ,e,1 luc bcem-,
3 dfscasc oporotlon malnutrilion illncss \ d,L) m rhe lite 1)1 onc 111 our nur-e-. Be1erl
Timplcron. 111 Sn [ anla She ha-, worked m man
1 b Describe the healthcare system in your country. drttcrem counmcv, bur rtu-, h her mo-t druuh
Use !he words in the box. 1x1-111on ,n lar.
2 lk,tlth, rccrh for thc wuni;:
privanvstarc hospit.ils hoahh lnsur.mcc Dunng thctr firvt 11ed.. ot acnon m rural :m:..a,.11\,l
taxcs loe al doctor dcntist nt11 mobrle clmic-, bave tremed more th,m ll(l
childrcn
3 \\1lrl111i; m thc Congo
I READING vtrlc-, Gatt.uu. a ,ul"'..:l'Oll fmm Loudon. t,tll, .rbout
h1, l:Um.'"111 work 1111h u, 111 thc C111:o l k ha-,n '1
workcd 111 a f1m:1:n wunti: bctnn
lnternational Medi-Aid (IMA) is a healthcare charity
4 Ho-pn.J bU1ldm! lOntrnue,
that works in poor and disaster-hit areas of the
To d.nc. our h.',Llll m Sn Lrnla h.h butlt luur
world. On its website, there are regular audio hocpualv. pm11dm,!.! treatawm !O .tlmo,t hall J
rcports from the places they are working in. nullion pcoplc.

2 Look al the list of podcasts for IMA and answer :i Trc..atmi; malnumnon 111 kcn}J
Durmg rfu-, C,lf. I\C hall' tramcd :iOO 111..-:11 pcoplc
these questions. to trc,u malnutnuon mthcir vrllagc-.
1 Whlth porkasts MC' b) and abour pcoplc \\ho (, 1 urccd dt"urc o! motulc cluuc-, m l th1np1a
provide e.are. c.g. doctcrsr \\,: have clo-cd our heahhcarc programrnc 111
2 \Vhich podcasts are about medica! fac ili1i<s? l-rluopra bccuu-c ot a lad, ot rundm!!
3 \Vhic.h podcast j<; about a fmancial prohlcrn?

32 @jjjfii Hcaltb
 41-
I usTNING
We ouen use the present pcrfcct to tatk about
actfons lhat are completed bcfore now. These
actlons are complered in a pcriod of time that i'i
3a ID Lisien to four cxtracts and match them lo unfini,;hed. \Vedo nol Sil)' lhc exect lime in the
the podcasts in Exercisc 2. past o thc action.
3b Listen again and answer these cuestions. Look at 4c Time evpressions Which of these time
Track 1.25 on page 153 and check your answers.
expressions do we no! use with the prcsent perfectt
1 How m,1m IMA <.link-. were rhcrc in Afrit ,1 last \<...u? , <.<.terd,1,
flvc momhs ago fa<.\ vcar
2 HO\\ rn.in, Atrtc.m chnk s \\ ill rhcrc be rwxl ,e,1r? tocia,
thi\ \l'.U ,ll iw o'ckxk
3 Hm\ did Mil<."' fod in !he UK? 1hi<; wcck
in th<' J,1<.I it'\\ du,; ncvcr
4 \\'h, i,:; thc junglc c.linic 'thc onlv hope' or thc co rar 10 date
on Dcccmbcr 201h 2007
, ill.1Ac-r..,?
5 \\'hc.n did li\\A decide lo lr,1in local pcoplc! 4d How do wc make Lhe present perecl
6 \\'lwn rlid thc training coursc hegin? (airmalive and negatlve sentences. questions and
short answers)?
7 \Vhcn dOC'S \'Na\ coursc cnd?
tanguage reference and extra pra<t1u, pagt" Ul-11 \
8 \\'h,1t causcd th{' damagc in Sri L;mk.i?
9 Jn ho\\ rn.mv dinicc; doos Brwrl) ,,orl.? 5 Complete these podcast summaries with the
presenl perfect or past simple u( the verb!).

I GRAMMAR: present perfect (1) 1

4a Thcsc scntences ali describe completed actions.
Underline the actlcns in each scntence.
1 l\c ,,orkNI in Ktm,1, Ncpaland t'cru.
! 111t.Tm1110111.1/ \ frd,-A ,d
2 On !,mu.in I SI 1004, wc dcc ldcd In "-OI\C ths Podcast results 11111 _..
proh1cm.
3 So far, in rnv time hcro. l\e probabf savcd ..ilHlut \ ,un 1,1>1 ,ton Onc \\l'd, ,1,;:!n. \,11
,l hundred lht-...
nui..1dc tu i:ollcll ,rnn1: \\Jll'r 'wuind, l,111:r. 1
h11mh c,pl('llk<l. lol
4 l a<.I ,e.ir, \H' ran ten bcalth centres in Afrk,1.
1 Tr.111111 nur-, \,l l.ir 1h1, )l",tr. 110 lolal nul',.(',
4b Answer these questions about the sentences. l\1 \ 1mm111 nur-.c, 111 \l1:h pro, 1111..c
(l:(11Hpk,)
1 \Vhtth ten-e i<. cech scntcnco in, M<;t simple or
prcwnr ptnt'<.I? .'.\ lm,1\!c,nl U\l\JIIJ,t,,1,.cl...l\l\ J
2 Loo!.. ,11 tho pact <imple <entonces. ,p..-ci.il c,h1h1111m 111 pholnl,!r:tph, h) ,un,, 11r,..
COJlll'-<!/
a Which onc i<. ahout a pcriod o rimr in thc pa,;;t?
hl \ \ hi<.h ortc gi\(,; thc e,.1< 1 time 01 thc ,1clinn? .i I k-ahhllr /uiun, \\e 111 n d11l<l 11u11111011

J Loo!.. .11 1ht prcscru pcrfcct <cntcncc. chm1.., 111 (,.v.i :m<l \\Chope 111 htul,l t\\o more
,11 Are lht\ alxun ffnlshcd or unflnishcd pcrtodv o 111..'" )l',ir thml<ll
time? \Vh,11 i thc pcriod o timt in scntcncc 1? 5 ' tld1,cn1.., RctuL"'' 111 I),1rtur ,111) h11x.l
bt Do the glvc tbc e>u.l timc o the actions? ,uppl1c, th1, mnnth .i, thc fi!,!hlm ,:untlllUl''
4 \l,1tc h thcw nmc lin('<; 10 thc -crucnccs. (llol r\:l:CI\C)

(l \ ,.u \1d r,..c.1rl l'.!.1100 pcoplt 10 r..u'-<!

l()(l ,nal lun<l, lor 1\1 \ .tt lhJnl) h111th,1II m.111:h

,,
.i 1111
e ('hn,tma, DJ hdpl

1>1
'"
I SPEAKING
()

6 You are going to find out aboul students' life

experiences (i.e. what have they done in their lives).
 l l,m..?004
Turn to page 115.
di

Hc.1lth 111111 33
 BRAIN FOOD

SPEAKING ANO
VOCABULARY: medica! words (2)

1 Discuss these questions in small groups.

1 Describe your usual diet. What do you c.11 thot's
good / no! good for )'OU?
2 whcn you wcru ,11 school. ,,ha! food dld }OU cal
fm lunch/ wcrc school mcals heal!h)'?
3 Pul thcsc words into thrcc groups: A for ph),;k,11
health and thc body, 8 for mental hcahh and thc
mind, and C for fooci and nutrition. Cm vcu add
,1ny more words to cach group!

carbohvdratcs dcprcssion hcart dlsceso

high blood prcssurc insomnia junk food
lack of motlvarion nuts .md sccds solmon
poor conccn1ration poor rncmor) vitamins

I READING J

2a Read the magazine artide and answcr thcsc

questions.
1 How rn,1ny of cach thing ,1-d docs thc ar1iclc
rncntionr
,11 Ivpc-, of foud ,md drink
b) Phystcal hcahh problcms
L) 1\ill'nt,11 hcehh problcms
di Rcsearch studlcs
2 Complete thc summarv of the arthlc with tho words
in thc bcv.
(.'Vl'rvcl,1\' he.:ilthv illncs<,(.'S llll'llt,11 rese.:irc.h
Rccont 1 _ has shown that ;i .? dict is
good tor ,our 1 hcalth. frorn 4 problcms

(t..g. conc entr.nlon lcvclst to scrious ; !e.g.

Ab-hotrncr's diS<\1<,<l.
2c Which o these definilions for words in the
2b Read the text agan and answcr these questions.
1 \Vhith did wc know Firvt: healthy food = hc.1lth)
34 1@@1111 Health

bodv, or hc,,lth) foocl = he,1l!h}' rnind?

2 \Vh,11 simple thing shows thc link ln-twccn food ond
thc mind?
3 l lo\\ rn,1m )(.'.lr ,1go did thc school <tart scrvlng
lll',ilthy food?
4 Wha1 cffcct did thc ncw dlct havc nn thc pupils?
5 How do vou think 'our dicts have chengcd a lot'
tlinc ! l?
6 \\lh,11 i<, thc rosult nf 111<'<,l' lhangc?
7 \\.h,111,,n things docs 1hC' Mcditcrrancan dtot do?
8 Do) ou c.11 ,ln} of thc food rccornmcndcd b) thc
rcsccrch in thc Iast p.iragr.1ph?
tcxt are wrcngt Can you correct themf Use your
dictionary.
1 rnood tlinc 6l: fcelingv cnd crnotlons at .:i particular
time>
2 Iink tlinc 71: tho conncction borwcon two !hing'-
3 benncd (llne IOJ: offi(.i,111) ,1110\\l'd to do <,t111w1h1ng
4 publicisc tlinc 151: fo tell pcoplo ,,hout i.onwthing
l'SpCli,111) in the ne\\ sp,lpl'r .incl on tclt\
iion
S p,)'d1ologist din(.' 161: a dnuor \\ ho pc.'<.1,1Hsc in
mental illncsscs
6 pre\l'nl (linc 251: "tops sonwthing from h,1ppening
7 (.1ldcrlv (lim 28): )OLlllg pcuple
 BRAIN FOOD

3e Time exprcssions We use for and since with the

present perfect. look al the sentences in Exercise 3a,
then decide which o these time expressions go with for
and which go with sincc.

200-1 ten ye.1rs ycsterday ,i vcnr an hour

two o'clork thrcc davs ago a long lime
.. Language refercnce and extra pracuce. pagt!S 132-133

4 Complete these sentences with thc present

perfect of the verbs in the box. Then choose the
corree! word, for or since.

be (>.2) be havc know (x2)

11()1

1 Maxine di for / since a wt.-ck. Shc should go

to thc doc tnr's.

2 Wt. abour thc link bctwecn smoking and

cenccr (or / snce 1 'l50.

3 I a cokl fvr / ,i,,ce Mondaj .
4 lle ,1 nurse for / sinco twclve years. He

cnjcvs his joh.

5 Thcrc a hospital in my lown for / sincl:' many

ycar,;;. In Iact. it closed in 19q4_

6 }OU abcut thc advantcgcs of this dict

for / since J long time?

I SPEAKING I
Sa You are going to interview your parlner. look al
the questions below and choose une of the options
in italics. Wrile similar questions for 7-9.
1 Do )'OU have a e omputcr / a video cam(ra?
2 Do you havo .1 mohife phone / a wrch?
3 Are ) ou a member of a sports or hc,oflh club / any
lnl('(1lt't group,?

-1 IJo you havc a Job / a hobby?

GR A MM AR: present perfect (2): 5 Du )'OU hove ,J p{'I / a car?
for and since 6 Do )'OU know any Hritish / Anwm.an / /\u.,trc1/i,111
people?
3a look al these sentences from the text and 7 Do )'OU havc ... ?
answer the questions below. 8 ArC' }OU ... ?
lohn l'owrll h,h 6f'Pn a p:.)'chufoMiSl iOr thitl) ye,m,. 9 Do )OU know ... ?
Stv e 1950, ,tientisb h.11c J..nm\n that thi die/ /i('{p$
) ou li\ o fontr. Sb Ask your parlner the questions and find out
1 whcn d,d John PmHII bcccmc a psvchcloglst how long he/she has had/been/known these things.
Then find out more information and make notes.
2 Is he a psvchologist now?
3 When die! sclcruists discovcr the link bctwccn thc
Mcditerrane.111 die! and physical hc,ilth? I WRITING I
4 Do the} still know about this link?
6a On a seprate piece of paper, wrile a surnrnary
3b We can use the present perfect to talk about about your partner. Don'! write his/her name.
states that began in the past and continue up to now.
Find four more examples of this grammar in the text. 6b Read sorne other sumrnaries. Can you guess
which student each is about?
Hcalth IIJIHII 35
I SITUATION 4b What advice does Mary gtvc David? Complete
each gap with one word. Then listen again and
check.
1 What can )'OU see in the photos on thcse pages?
Have you ever been in or seen situalions like these? 1 You shouJd strctch }OUr
2 You should takc sorne
2a III Many companies have an occupational 3 You shou[d al .. o cat
health officer who helps employees with health
problems. Listen to a company's health officer, 4 You should do sorne
Mary. interview a new employee, Lucy. Complete 5 You should go s,, imming times .i wcck.
the questions in thc questionnaire below. Is Lucy in
good health? 4c Can you think of any more advice for David?

'J
KEY LANGUAGL
giving advice and reasons
MORGAH--.JONES
Sa mm Sometimes Mary explains lhe reaeons fur
her advice. listen and complete thesc sentences with
New Employee Health Questionnaire the words and phrases in the box.
lucy Townsend
bccousc (x2) to so that in ordcr to
1 Have you seen a recently?
1 You should strctch rour annv reduce the
2 Have you had any days off in the last
IC'n .. ion in vour ncc k.
two years?
2 vou don't c,11 a lot of frut. l 1hink vou should
3 Do you have a problem?
tako somc v ltamins.
4 Do you suffer from paln?
3 You should also cal garlic il hclps fight rnld..
5 Do you have eyesight? loo.
6 Do you often get ?
4 improvc your general hcahh, vou should dn
7 Do you often gel or 'flu? sorne cxcrclso.
8 Do you somelimes stressed by work? 5 You should go swimming thrcc lime... ,1 \H'<:'\..
it rcally hclps your health.

Sb Match thesc pieces of advice 1-6 with the

2b Listen again and note lucy's answers. What reasons a-f. Then choose the correct word or
extra information docs she give with sorne answers? phrase.
1 You should 11) changing vour chnlr in ordcr to I
pronunciation
,o that
3a lliJ lntonation in yes/no questions look al thc 2 You should go to the optlclen's h<.c,Wf' ro
intonation patlerns. Which one is corrcct? listen and 3 You .. houldn't drink coee at night Ir>/ /)(C<Wf'
check. 4 You <hould takc a lunch brcok in arck-r In o th,11
Have , ou ceen a doc lor rffrntl,? 5 You shouldn't work late be<.,wq, o 1/1,1/
6 You ..hould bond vour knccs whcn \OU lift
1 2 3
somcthlng. lxc,ww I in orde-r lo
3b IE:J listen and repeat the health questionnaire al }OU uin relax.
questions in Exercise 2a.
hJ c_hcck your cyesighL
Je Work with a partner. Ask each other the c) protecl your b,lCk.
queslions. ch il makes rou trt'S<;C'd.
el il keeps you awakc.
4a llm Mary has consullation hours when she
gives health advice to employees. listen to a l makc rour back bcuer.
consultation with David. Whal are his problents!
 .-
36 IVHli Health
 Health at work 43
6 Wurk with a parlncr. What advice can you give 7b Employees: Which health officer gave you !he
for thesc health probfems? Give the reasons behind best advicet Health officers: Which cmployee had
your advice when you can. the worst problcms?
1 1 get hcadachcs .i.11 thc time.
8 Swap roles and repcat the role-play.
2 My IO\\C h,1d, .1rh<''- ,1 lot.
Studcnts A and 8: Tun1 hi pttgl' 111.
3 l've got thc 'flu.
S!udents C and D: Prepare to he thc hcahh olccrs.
4 l'm tirod ,111 thc time but I can't slcep ,11 night.
5 l'm n...ill\ strcswd ,11 work: 1 can't concentr.uc and
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
l'rn rudc to pcoplo.
What's the mattcr!
6 1 onl} <.tI OK oftcr rny morning cig.trcttc: hcinrc
that I cough ,1 lot. How can I hclp?
How oten do you Iecl likc this?
I TASK: giving health advice How long havc )'Ou had this problcm?
Docs thls happcn evcry day?
7a Work in groups o our (A and 8, and C and O). What kind o work do you do?
Students A and B: You are occupatlonal hcalth
ofccrs. You .ir<. going to glvc advlce to two
emplovccs for thclr problems. 1 ook et Track 1.2!J on
pagc li i anct thc 011wr uscful phrascs. Prepare to
lntcrvicw .md ,,dvil' the crnploycos. You intcrvrcw
each omplcvcc in 1urn.
Students C and D: You are cmployees of Morg,m
and Iones. Look .11 \ our role l,ml nn pagc 1 1 'l
ancl prepare to tell thc hcatth ok.ers about rour
problcmv. You visit cach hcolth offlccr in turn .

-,
 STUDY SKILLS: guessing the
meaning o unknown words Oividing the word into different words
lt's possiblc that ',OU koow one or more o rhe
scparatc parts.
e.g. backbone = back + bone

4b Divide these words into two words. Then

choose the corred meaning.
1 toorhachc a) a paln in a tooth
b) a substancc that )'OU use for
cleaning your teeth
2 sunburn a) light from the sun
b) when your skin has become red and
painful because you hace stayed a
long time> in tho cun
3 airtight a) flying through tbe air
1 Oiscuss these questions with a partner. b) complctcty doscd so that air cannot
gel in orout
1 What do you do whcn you read a word that you do
not know? Do you look it up in your dictionary? Do

you guess the meaning o the word? Do you ignore Using your own language
it completely? Is thc English word the same in your own
2 What can you do to hclp )'OU guess thc meaning o language? lf not, is part o the English word
words thal you do not know? similar in your languagc?
e.g. French = llilllffleux English = ous
2 Turn to page 116 and read the excerpt from a Be c,ucful! Sometimcs you can find words in
short story. Then answer these questions. English that look thc samc as for similar to)
1 What are his problcms? words in your O\\ n languagc, but thcy havc a
2 What does the doctor say about them? differenl mcaning. For example, in Non.vcgian
3 What do you think happcns aftcr the story? the word sky exists, but u mcans cloud in
English. We call rhesc words 'false fricnds'.
3 look back at the text and underline the words
that you do nol know or are not sure about. 4c Work in groups. How many words can you think
Compare with a partner. Can he/she explain any of in one minute which are similar in English to your
words you don't know? own language?
There are a number of things you can do when you
do not know a word. Read these strategies. 4d Look at this list of false friends. Which English
words are they similar to?
Using the context to understand the word English Word in other What it means in
word language other language
Docs thc rcst o thc scntcnce Of text hclp you to:
1 fasto {Portugucsc) happ), fortunatC'
al undcrstand the meaning o the word?
2 caldo {ltalian) hol, warm
b) know rhe grammar o the word? (e.g. Is ita
noun, a verb or an adjecvet) 3 bekommen (Gcrman) to obtain
4 librera (Spanish) bookshop
5 journe {Frenchl day
4a Look al the nonsense words in these sentences. 6 komunkace {ln>ch) marl
What do you think they mean? Use the context lo 7 paini <Finnishl ,.,cight
help you.
8 rumah (lndonesian) house
1 He survived the accidenl with only minor gloobers.

2 She's vcry heahhy. Shc has never spent a day in

long in her life. 38 lfhfil Health
3 1 can'! remember the exact details o his case. 1
nccd to check his medical donk5.
5 look back at the text on page 116. Can you work
out the meaning of any of the words you underlined!

6 Which of the strategies do you think is the most

useful?
 W R ITI NG S K ILLS 4!4-
WR/T/NG SK/LLS, 1 Oa find the two examples of thanks in the email.
a thank you email Then decide if these statements are true or false.
1 \Ve use thanl.s with for + a noun tpbrasc! or
7 Discuss these questions with a partner. a ,crb cnding in -tng.
1 Do \OU scnd emails to )Our riends? HO\\ ocnt 2 \\lp can pul othor words ,1ftcr lhanks,
e.g. very much, egein.
2 \\ hat do vou writc ahoul? How much do you
usuallv ,witc? 1 Ob After saying thanks, we often add another
sentence for support. Match the sentences a-d
8 Read the email below and answer these
with 1-4.
queslions. Use the ideas in the Study skills lesson to
help you understand any difficult words. 1 Thanks for )OUr adv ice.
1 \\ hat is the rclationship betwccn Harry aod Abi? 2 Th.mks for doing the shopping.
2 \Vh,ll happcncd last ,,eek? 3 Thanks far dinner.
3 \Vh.11 1<. thc conncction bctwcen thc ernail and thc -1 Thonks for thc chocolates.
part of rhc storc \..OU read in Exercisc 2? a) 1'11 do il next time! e) Thc, werc dcllcious!
e. fll.;Ei,
bt lt was love!v. dl lt's bren rc.:tll) uscful.

- -
1.w"w,.,c,a.""'-:m

I """' c-a.oi..qlot ca"" 11

h
as or the possessive (e.g. Simon's health)?
Look al these sentences. What does mean: is,

1 Hc's h,1d an opt.'.f"dtion.

Hi Abi 2 Thcre's no prohlem with Da\ id's cvcsight.
How are things going? Thanks very much for all your 3 lanc's herc!
help last week. It was sweet of you to come and
4 lt's been a diicult weck.
stay. I'm feehng a lot better now, and J'm not taking
the painkillers anymore. l can move around the 5 Thc doctor's skills are ve uscful there.
house and do the cooking witnout any problems. lt's 6 John'c; broken his lcg.
dead here w,thout you, though!

On Tuesday, I popped out to the shops and on 12 Writc an email to a friend. Thank him/her for a
Wednesday I had dinner wlth Melanie. Guess what? present or for helping you to do something.
She wants to do a postgraduate course in mental
health! But she hasn't deoded where to study yet.
lt was a really nce evening, but I felt wom out the
next momlng.

I trunk I cango back to work next week, but J need

to keep an eye on my health in future.

Anyway, thanks again for look1ng after me. Hope to

see you next month.

Cheecs

""" .J

9 Find one phrase in each section of the box that

we do not use in informal emails or letters.

Greetings
Helio Hi De,ir l.me H1,a Dcar Sir
Opening phrases
11<)\\ 'e; lie? How are things? How are ,ou?
How are things going? Hope you're OK/\\ell.
Than], vou for vour mess.1gc of 28 Fcbruary.
Hope t,cr. thing's OK. Hope all's \\ell.

Endings
T,11.e carc Your,;; faithullv Byc for now LO\c
Scc , ou soon Checrs \\lith love Love irom
 Natural world
5.1 ISLANDS

SPEAKING AND

IU,Wf.ii@Mii i
VOCABULARY: landscapes

1a How mdny o these things can you see in the

pholosA-C!

hl'JLh dil CU,l<.I forcst hill Iagoon lake

Sora Sora
Many people have cal/ed it the most beaut1ful
mounl,1in rock s.md wavc SC'a river
is/and in the world - u paradise of cleor blue water
ond white sondy beaches in the Pacific Oceon.
1b Oiscuss these questions with a partner.
1 Tht.. places in thc photos are ,lll islands. vvhcrc in The main rsland is surrounded by a lagoon and a
thc ,,orle! do vou think the, are? targe rmg of sma'ler islands. There are green
2 \\'hich islandv havc vou visitecl? Describe thcm. hil\s and two impressive peeks. At 727m, Mount

3 \\ hat do ,ou think o whcn vou think oan isl,md? Oten-anu is the highest point.
l thinl.. of <1 tropical isf,md 1,ith .,,md}' beactws and d The lagoon is the most important feature of Bora
lh1ffll hlut' (,1 ... Bora and is three times b:gger than the main island.
The water rs calm, sheow and transparent, with "
I READING I amazing range of different shades of blue. You can
go on trips 10 feed the s'tarks and friendly rays.
You can drive round Bora Bora in about an hour
2a Read the text. Are lhese sentences true or false?
[it's only sems long and a.sems w1de) but it's better
1 l11l.'R' '> ,1 single mount,1in. to travel by bite. When you're thirsty, stop far
2 Thc water in thc lagoon Isn't vcrv dccp. a coconut drink A man cuts off rhe top of your
3 Thc colour o thc ,, atcr is the carne e, crv hcre. coconut with a huge n1fe!
4 'mu can drive round Boro Bora H'T) quid:h
he<.aw,e t's ,1 .. m,1JI isl.md.

2b Read the text agan. Use the information to

draw a map of Bora Bora.

40 l@dlij Natural world

 5!1

I LISTE ING Sa Look al these sentenccs about the islands and

answcr the questions bclow.
3a IID Listen to a TV programme about islands. xbout 10,000 peopl<' (111 ,mmmf 111<> co..1.,t 11 wre w
Which islands do we learn about? cim.ne ,, fess co/d th,m in lh<' cenlff.
Cre.11 Britain Crecnland I tomhu lccl.md C.rc<'nf,md 1\ the leas/ green of ,1/1111(' 1,l,mck
,\.1,1rfa}\,lSC,1r Sumatra .\om,, port-: of the 1\/Jnd ,m /ess tropic,1l 1h,m ottwr-,
Which island has a big problem! What is it! tbo Jfl',l ,irouncl /onc/011 i, pmhal>I /he tesst
imprcssive psn of ( ,r('.11 IJrit,lin.
Jb look al the statements 1-6. Can you remember 1 \\'h,11 are the opposucs of thc ,,ord in hotel
which island lhey refer to? Lisien again and check. (l'.. /(,,, cole/ co/c/NI?
1 11',; popular with lourisls. 2 Do \\C U!>C lt,, .md /e.1,/ ,, nh both sbort ,:,nd long
2 Ihe nighl ore vcrv <hort in eummcr. adjc'("liH..,?
3 TI1e .:mim.il and plants are dier<-nl from othcr language reference and extra precnce. pagt\ 1 J4-IJ5
places.
Sb Complete these pairs o senteuces using /ess
4 Tlwrc'._ ,1 tunncl conncctfng it to a c.ontincn1.
and /easl.
5 Then- are hig difftrt>mc'> in clim,1lc berwecn
1 ,ll Ibo centre ._ coldcr thon thc <..11<1<,I.
difieren! p.ul oi thc island.
hi The t 1"1'-I ._ /1,\ colrl th,m thc < omro.
6 lts rumc docsn'r describe il wcll. 2 ,11 Grt,11 Br11a111 i,; grecncr th,m Crccnland.
h1 Grt'(nl,md .. Gre.11 Bran.
Je Which island(s) would you like to visit? whyt
3 ,11 Scotlond i" rhc hilli<"it and tho south oi [ngl,md
1<. thc 11.llt(.><.\ p,HI OI Cre,11 Britain.
GRAMMAR: comparatives h Thc south of England 1 part oi GrC'.1\
and superlatives Bntan.

-1 .il In Hor,1 Bor,1. thC' l,1goon .. rnon impor1,mt th.1n

4 Complete these scntences with the comparativc tll(' n1.1in i-.land.
or superlative form of the adjectives. Then look al h1 Tlw m,1in ,.f,md ._ tht l,1g1Km.
Track 1.31 un page 15-1 and check.

1 In thc south. if' hot and di), hui thL Llim.11L j!, 6 Adjecf-es Talk aboul the four islands using some
m thl' mountolnv th,11 run do n rhe rniddlc of the adjectivcs in the box.
01 tlw i,;1,1nd. nooh

hc,iutilul <..,llm dw.1p t,c.iting impr<<...,i\ t'

2 Tlw ..,1.ind\ .imm.ib are thc lemuo. 1fornou<..1
lnttrC.'<.ling rm !triou" fX',lt dul pk,1<.anl
3 Gre.11 Hrit.un ,.., rnanv o its European
pnp11l.1r rom,mli< <.tr,1ngc ,, ild
ncighbour... rcrowdcdt

-1 \.Y.,k... and thc north 01 Engl.md .UC' hill} white tlw Cr11/,1nd 1\ proh.1/,/ /p /t,1 .. l popt1l,1r ui//110t1ri,t..
sourh .md t,1<.t o Engt.md .Ir(' . 1i1.11f

5 Crccnkmd i,; rsland in thc wodd. 1b1Al I SPEAKING I

6 M,1d.1g.1<.l ar 1.., fuur1h island in thc
,, orld. 1 l,1rgcl
7 Think a p pare to talk about them for one minute. Work in
of lwo n r small groups. Take turns to describe your places.
places d e 1 'el hJ...<.. to 1<!11 mu ,1hou1 tno rliffl'fl.'111 e c,,1,1, in .\J>..1111 ...

Natural ,.,.orld @WjJj 41

I VOCABULARY, animals Read the text agan and answer these questions.
1 \\'hat do vou think happcns to thc <mall iood
1a Which o these animals can you hco ,,hcn il supcrmerkct tart,; hu,;iness?
see in the photos A-G? 2 Is thc red squlm-l likc thc srnall shop or thc
supcrmorkcri
crab red dccr
3 Wh, did the W<'' <quirrel come to Bntain?
clcphant giraffc
gorilla hedgehog
-1 Do all invasivo animals cause rhe cctinc tion oi
nativo animals?
human leopard
5 Are tbcrc more largo animal imader,; than crnall

monkcv panda
oncst
rabbit snail
6 \\h, do vou think thc applc snal doesn't cause
squtrrcl tfgor
m,m) prohlcms in Europc!
7 le; it common lo ind good 1hings about animal
1b ima,;ion<;?
ahove do ynu have in
8 \\ ho je; Br.un ,;cll1ng muten crabs to, aud \\ ll\?
your country? Which do
you Lhink are cutet Are 4 Are there any problerns with invasive specles in
any of lhem dangerous? your country?
Are any o them nearly
cxtinct?
I VO CA BU LAR Y: nouns and verbs
I READING I Sa Many words are both nouns and verbs, without
any change in form. Is damage a noun ora verb in
2a Rcad the article on page -13 and choose the besl
these examplest
summary.
1 Gre, squirrcls dcn't damagc thc cconomv.
1 lt i<. ,1houl thc problcms th,11 r1t..'\\ .inim,11<. roce in
ncw cnv lronmcnts. 2 \pplc snails cause a lot o damage in south-easr Asla.
2 11 j<, obout how foreign .1nin1<1I,;, aftcct loe.al ,1111mJl'- Sb Find these words in the text.Are they nouns
and em ironmcnts. or verbs?

3 11 i, about thc slmllortucs bcrwccn thc natura! 1 chop 3 C,lUSl' 5 hope

cnv ironmcnl and thc buslnc ,,orld. 2 harm -1 pl,1nts 6 .. blps
2h Read the text again and find out where these

animals carne from, whcre they invaded and who or

what they caused problems for.
I GR A MM AR: expressions o quantity j
1 grcv squirrclc -1 applc ,;nail" 6 Wc can use ,1 /ot of with both countable and
2 red dccr 5 minen cr<11,., uncountable nouns. lt means a large number or
3 quantity. How do we use the other words in the
box? Find and underline cxarnples in the tcxt.

tt-lot-nf C\\ littlo ruanv rnuch

e
-42 l'liiil
 INVASION

7 Are these statemcnts true or false? Use the

examples you underlined in the tcxt to help you.
1 \Ye nevcr use mu, h in qucstions.
2 We otcn use m,lln in positivo scntcnces.
J V\1e don'! usucllv use mur:h in positivo scrucnccs. 8 Complete thts paragraph with much, many, a /of
lnstcad. \\(' use ,1 ot of. of, little or few.
4 Vlc nevcr use mur:h in nogauve scntcnces. Thcrc are tm,1m or ,1 /01 crantmals that are invadors.
but pcrhaps thl'rl' arl' 1 , ii an), im,1dl'r lh,11
5 \-Ve c..an use m,rn} in qucsnons am! ncgative
are \\OS<' lh,m humans. 200,000 \C,us .igo thcrc
sentcnccs.
\\CTC \l'I'\ 1 humans. NO\\ 1hcrc are ncarh
language refcrence ,md extra practice, page 114-US
i'< billion of lhcm. Unfnrllmatcly, thert' in1 -1
iniormalion ahout lhc c.irh histon o thi sped('<,,
bu1 il SLX"'ms cert.iin 1hat the iirt human c.1mC' irom

Dnimat inuaders I l 'i0-180) human \\Crc li\ ing on

Ethiopia in (',l'il Ari1 ,l. Atrr ;
l'\l'I'\ continl'nl
thous,md oi \C'JT'i

on Earth. l lo" 1> dam,1gc h,1,c thcsc imarlcr

11111e1 u111r are 11 il? 111 1111 ilaalers n t11re?
tauscd? Thc) ha,c destrmed - rl.lli\l' plants ,md

Imagine you run a small food shop in your local neighboumood. ,rnimal. Heore humans, lhcre \\,IS 11 pollulion.

Suddenly, a giant supermarket opens for business opposite your ,,m\, thcrc ., <1 pollution ,md it i L,lll'iing

shop. What happens to you and your business? 111 h,irm to thl' global cmironmcnt. lt wcrns thal

In the natural world, things are often the same. The red humans ntcd lo ch,mc 11 1hings ahout lhl'ir
squirrel was llvlng happily in England when, in the 18805, many liicl\ll' i thc, ,,,rnt ro -:u" i\e.
people brought grey squirrels from North America as pets. Since
then, these pets have escaped into the wild. They now eat the GRAMMAR TIP
same food as the red squirrels, and they eat it more quickly. In spokcn and inform,11 \\ rittcn English, we
ConsequenUy, now there aren't many nativa squlrrels in England oftcn use not a /01 of. nof many and nol much
and they are in danger of extlnction. ins1cad of few and litt/e, c.g. The,e aren't a
There are many invaders that don't cause eninctions, but /01 of studenlS in my c/J!>S. rhere artn 't man}'
they do destroy plants and harm the ecooomy. For example, cinemas in my city. There isn't much time left.
European red deer are destroying ne forests in South America
because they eat the young trees. Rabbits hav spread from
Europe and now eat farmers' crops all over the world. These
kinds of lnvaders are causing problems for humans, untike the
I SPEAKING I
grey squirrels, whlch cause Jittle damage to plants and don't
9a Use thc sentence beginnings (or similar ones) to
damage the economy.
make true sentences about you.
Few invaders are large land animals; most of them are fish
or smat animals like lnsects. There are thousands of these In m\ toun!r\. !hcrc ,lfl.' m,1m i ,1 /01 of ...
invaders and these smaller animals afien mean farmers lose a In nl\ countl'\, lhere ,lrl' /f'11 i\ lill/1 .
lot of money. The apple snail from South America doesn't cause In nl\ houq_>, thcrl' arc mam ..i lol uf .
much damage In Europe, but it causes a lot of damage in south-
In m, housc, thcrc ,lfell I m,1m i!>fl nwc-h ...
eastAsia because it !oves to eat rice plants.
l\c p,ol nw1 ,1 /01 o( ...
There are very few positlve sldes to these animal lnvaslons.
However, ln Britaln today, one lnvaslon slory offers sorne hope. I h.i,1.m't gol mam much ...
Chinese mitten crabs first carne on shfps from 1 pcncl ,1 /ot oftime ...
China. These crabs destroy local envlronments
1 \!)C'lld 11/1/(' ..
and attack tish In fish farms. However, In China
these crabs are an expensive food, so, now, 9b Now ask your partner
Britaln Is semng them back to China The crabs qucstions lo find out if his/her
are travelling on ships agaln, but thls time they life is similar to yours.
are food, not lnvaders; and this time they are
1 lhf'rl' mue h
helplng the British economy, not harming lt
unemplO) mtnl
in our countq ?
//,1111ougo1
m..im picwre.,
in vour hot,.,ct
G
5-!3 S CE NA R I O
I SITUATION 3a IID Listen lo the first part o the conversatlon
again and complete Katie's notes.
1a look at the wehsite on page -15. What kind of Whllo p<-<
organisation is it forr 1) Tl'1Gf"e. .n, 1 +o .1 Two

1 ,1 busim--s 3 an ocadcmc instnution >'<, '-- "'""" off ;te, i<.<,h 1-<>.i< of '-- wat<-1,,'\5

, ;te, kfl, ""' ""' <= ;te, Ir '- of "'"""

2 ,1 < h.1rih 4 a govornmcnr dcpartmont
,2)...,oF F *"""'5- ; "';;., P"' < , .

1 b Which link A-E do you click on for the 1,t p<- < bo<t - a ' of f<+ """''5 loil,a
following informal ion! fhc:M look, v'c:.t'IJ B - MOt'e. o.

1 pcoph- \\ ho kili animals illcg,111\

3b IIIJ Listen to the second part o the conversation
2 .-.pt'l.i.il occommodation for animal .. again and complete Katie's notes.
3 t.uing ior ill antmals
4 ,mim.11<: that are not free
.3 .;;,1\ ing ,rnimalc; from dangor

The AAI Website Manager, Ncil, is choosing sume

photos for the new MI websile. He needs to
cliscuss them with the Communicalions Director,
Katie. Howevcr, she is in the Congo and she does
not have acccss to thc Internet to view the photos.
KEY LANGUAGE:
Neil telephones her lo describe them and make his
describing photographs
recommendalions.

2 11!1111 Listen to the lwo parts o the 4a 11!1111 Complete these sentences frorn the
conversation and answer these questions. conversalion. Thcn lislt'n .igain ami check.

1 In wh.n order docs 1'.eil dcscrlbc rhc photos A-D? 1 In the first onc. are four \\ll.ll("; th,11 nrc closc lo
2 \Vhit h photo dccs he recommcod or 1he \\ th<;ite? thc bcach.

2 Therc are lo.rds o pcoplc thc background.

3 On thc lc oi thc ptcturc, wc c an thc l,,rgL' hc,ul

oi .1 \\ hale.
4 On thc right. thcrc are twu pcoplL are throw ing
water on the whalo.

5 Toe) ver, pn1i!'<.<.inn,il.

6 l le's ,1 bird to someonc.

7 Thc sccond onc sorne pcoplc whu are clo.mlng
a bird.
8 The bird's thc middle o thc
picturc.

9 Thcrc's another wornnn

the lcft.
44 Natural world
 Animals online 53

We work to save animals that are suffering, usually because of humans.

Jobs Our areas of activity

Donate Animal rescue: We have Animal sanctuaries: We

teams of trained rescue provrde safe places for animals
Shop to uve, for a long or short pencd
workers in countries all over
the world. of time.
Animal hospitals: In Africa, Animal captivity: Many
we have five animal hospitals zoos keep animals in awful
with experienced vets eno conditlons. We campalgn to
modern medical equipment. improve animal welfare.
Animal hunting: We support
the police m their fight against
the /Ilegal huntrng of wHd
animals.

4b Answer thcsc questions about the sentences in

Exercise -ta.
I TAS K: choosing photos for a website

1 \\'hich tense do \\f' use to describe somcone's 7 a Work with a partner. You are going to role-play
actionv in ,1 picture? a similar situation to the conversation in Exerdse 2.
2 \\'h;:it tvpc oi ,,ord do wc use aftcr l<xiJ..? Student A: You are thc \Vehsite Man.1ger. Turn to pagc
3 Underline thc phraws for ck:scribing thc position 1 16 and prepare lo describe vour phoros.
o somcthing in a picturc. Student 8: 'rou are thc Comnumrcatlon- Director.
Fincl out \\ hlch llnks thc photos are for J nd take notes.
pronunciation
7b Swap roles and repeat the role-play.
Sa IID weak orms Sorne words have both a Studcnt B: You are now thc wcbsitc Manager. Turn to
strong anda weak pronunciation. \Ve often use page 125.
the weak form when lhe word is nol slressed in a
sentcnce. listen and nolice the weak pronunciation 8 You are now back in thc office. look al the four
o Lhal, are and lo. Listen again and repeat. photos that your partner described. Was the
In thc fi.r5.!. one. Ihcrc aro iour \\ hales thal are close lo description good? Do you agrce with his/her choice?
the bcach.

Sb IID listen and repeat the strong and weak OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
forms o a, lhal, of, to, somc, are and can. This onc is nlcerzdcareestrongevwcaker
more unusue/dmmauopowerful
Se ID Listen and repeat senlences 2-9 in
I tikc the way this onc ...
Exercise -ra.
l think this ooc is bctter beca use ...
6 Work with a partner. Practisc describing the four II makcs you fccl <;ad'angry/...
photos in Exercise 2. Can you hear the weak forms?
l think wc shoukl use this onc bcceuse ...

Natural world @!fjiij 45

 STUDY SKILLS: Je Match this advice with the problems 1-4 in
time management Exercise 3a. Then listen again and check.
a) Find out when you study bcst.
1 look at these expressions with time. Which suggest b) Decide what's importan!.
the person has a problem with time?
e) Keep a dial) - and check it!
1 t've got all the time in thc world.
di Takc regular breaks.
2 Thcre arcn't cnough hours in thc day.
e) Make lislS ofthings )OU nced to do.
J Time's running out.
O Organise your files.
4 rve got time on my hands.
g) Makc sure you can concentrate.
5 Timc's on my side. h) Be nicc to yourscl
6 lt's a tece against lime.
Which expressions best describe how you feel 3d Look at Track 1.37 on page 155 and underline
about time? the parts of the script that tell us about the advice
a-h above. Which two tips do you think are most
2 How do you use your time? Look al the list o useful for you?
activities in the time chart below. Guess how many
hours a day you spend on each. Then keep a record 4a Think of ten things you need to do in the next
for a few days. Which of the activities can you change week (e.g. write an essay, go to the doctor).
to gve yourself more time lo learn English?
4b Which things in your listare urgent? Which
3a Work in groups of three or four. Look at these can wait? Pul them in order o priority fi.e. most
problems sorne students are having with time importan! first). Then show your partner. Does he/
management. What advice would you give them? she agree with your order?
1 l'm often late for appoinlmcnts, or sometimes I miss 5 lt's also important to decide how to spend time
appointmcnts completely. on a particular task. Imagine that you are going to
2 1 spcnd a lot of time looking for my notes. 1 can ncvcr write an essay in dass. You have 45 minutes to write
find anythlng. 150 words. Put these stages in the corred order and
3 1 somctimcs study for a long time, but I don't feel l'm decide how long you should spend on each.
learning anything. 1 read the material, but nothrng's 1 checking your work
happcning - il's not going in.
2 thinking and noting ideas; pl,mning and
4 1 can'! finish all the things I nccd to do in the day. organising notes
3 writing
3b lli.l listen to sorne students and their tutor
discuss the problems above. Do they mention any of Compare your ideas with three or four other students.
your ideas?

=
time wtth family

sociatising w1th friends

sporVleisure activiUn

46 @liJIJJ Natural world

 W RITI NG SKI L LS 54-
WRITING SKILLS, 8a Good organisation is very irnportant in an
a comparative essay essay. Compare this essay with the one on
page 117. Which is easler to understand? Why?
6 Discuss these questions wilh a partner.
8b An essay has three main parts.
1 ArP thorc Jll) vclcanocs in )OUr c.ountrv? Are thcv
1 introduction
famous!
2 main bod,
2 Ha\C )OU C\Cr becn up .'.l volcanot lf not. would vcu like
to go up a vckono/ 3 (summarv ,JJHI) cnnc lusion
3 \Ve use spec.ial tcrrns to talk about volcanocs. Do )OU Draw a line around these parts in the essay in
know what thcse ccords mean Exercise 7.

active dorm;m! crup! ,m eruption cone 9a Linkers Look al these sentences. Do they
mean the same thing?

7 Read this essay and choose the best tnle. 1 The Rlvcr Nilo is 6,670km long. ln coutrast.
the River Thamcs is onlv 1 Fikm long.
1 Disc.uss thc good and bad fcaturcs o volcanocs.
2 The Rivcr Nilc is 6,670km long but thc Rlver
2 Compare and contras! two volcanocs.
Tharncs is onlv 335km long.
3 Considcr thc problcm of volcanocs. and ,, hat pcoplc cen
3 Thc Rivcr Nilc is 6,670km long, \\hcrc,,s thc
do about lhis problcm.
RivrrThamcs i" nnlv 335krn long.

\'okunoc;, are onc of thc rnost tmprc-sivc fcarures ofthc What is the differcnce in punctuation between
natural world. Evcrybody can rccognisc a volcuno. but are them?
thC) all thc ..:m11::? This essay looks ar two rarnou-, volcanocs
in di!Tcrcnt countrics.
9b Write three sentences (like those above)
about these places. Use /n contrast, hui and
Thc largc-t active volcano in rhc world i:. Muuna Loa
whcreas.
(-1. l 70mJ on Hawul. in thc Pncific Occan. Thc l:L'it crupticn
wuvin 198-1. ltv vides <lopc gcntly. and this shape of volcnno 1 Moun1 E\crcst: 8.8-18rn high
._ lev, dungcmns than orhcr kindc. Btn "cvis: 1,3-1 lm
Unlikc Maunu Loa. Mount Fuji in fap:m i:,, a donn:mt 2 Padfit QL(i,in: 11,022rn decp ,11 it deepcst
volcano \\ hich last cruprcd in 1707. Mount Fuji (3.776m) point
i:,, pcrhap-, rhc world'v most fanmus vokano bccuusc of its North Sc.1: 1 lm
almosr pcrfect -hapc-. a conc with quite stccp skes.
To <ummnn-,e. Mauna Loa i higher than Mount Fuji but 1O Write an essay comparing and contrasling:
thc sldc-, of Mount Fuji are ,h.'.Cx'r. Maunn Loa .._ an active 1 I\\O rMtur,11 foatmcs (c.g. h\o mountains, lakC'S,
volcnno. In cornnr-t. Mnunt Fuji i dorrnaru. Mauna Loa lat rivers) in your cnunll) ora counll)' rou knm\
cruptcd in 1984. whcrcas thc la:.t cruption of Mount Fuji was \\CII OR
in 1707. ln concluson. wc (111 scc that thcsc two volcanoe,
2 l\\O diffcrcnt ,mima Is OR
hnve more diffcrcncev than similarities. but thcy both catch
our imagination. 3 two nf thc islands in lcsson 'i.1 (look at Trad.
1.1 l on pagC' 154 to help vou.l
 Society and family _,,

6.1 FUTURE OPPORTUNITY

I SPEAKING 2b Find words in the tcxt that mean:

1 somcone who studlcs thc futuro
1 Are thesc slatcmcnts true about your country? 2 f,1,;;hinn,;; or changcs ovcr time
1 More peoplc an' nnw m,11..ing trlcnds nvcr thc 3 opinions ahout ,,ha1 wl! happcn in thc futuro
tntemot.
2 Pcoplc are li, ing Iongcr Ihan bcforo.
3 Pcople ,HC' h,wing more holid,l)'!> abroad.
I LISTENING I
4 Pcoplc .irc uslng robots in thcir hornos. 3a 11?:J listen lo a meeting bctwccn Susan, a
fulurolngisl, and Palrick, a hu,;inr-.,;; invoctnr. Tick(./)

I READING I the fulure changes she discusses.

1 dorncstlc use of tcchnologv
2a Read the advert. Who uses the institute and its 2 longcr I ivcs
services? Why? 3 Internet frlcndehh ,rnrl rclationshtps

1 1x.ili1it lans 2 business pcoplc 3 .l(.ld('111CS 4 pcoplc working rom home

5 lcisurc ac.tivitios and travcl

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-t8 @JiflN Society and family
 6!1

3b Listen again and complete Patrick's notes from Sb Answcr lhcse questions about the scntcnccs.
the meeting. 1 In which scucnccs is thc speaker ccrtain 111,1! his/
her idrn about thc futurc is true?
Ma,n trtnd& are. about 1 ami' 2 In which scntenc es i<; thc speaker lcss ccrtoini
In 2025, more man a 1 of piople over ', ateo 3 wh,n vcrb furrn du we U!>t:' after wi//, 111i;h1 ,md 111,1}?

pecp'e uve 4 . 4 Do Wl' usually put advcrbs (c.g. prohc1hJ>,) bcforc or

aftcr wi/U Do we put thcrn hcfore or aftcr won't?
In 2025, more over-!f, !han 5 ... languagc reference and extra practice, pagl'S 1J6-137
fi'wltr parf'i and adventure holida,f>, more llo\1d;, on
Se Correct thc mistakes in these sentences.
' 1 1 te might Hvcs 10 thc agc of 90.
lZ-Obot&. lo 1_, to 9-' lo do lhe sarden1n9
2 Many pcoplc will probablv to work from home.
More d1vorlu, Dlder people mut ne1>1 partoera '1 3 1 will livc dcfinitcly in my own toun1ry.

lnvu,t m bt1fi1ne&& that offrr 1ll and 11 for 4 Thcrc won't probablv be b1g farnihcs.
the e\der\1 and tlut u&e 11
I SPEAKING I
I VOCABULARY, ages
6a Choose the correct word in thesc predictions
according to your opinion for your society twenty

years from now.

4 What age do you think these people are?
1 Mor<'/ frwf'r pcoplc thcn now will lcavc tlwir
.111 adolcsccnt r11itldk-,1.:Ld fll'',Ull
d country to find work .
,1 \oung adult a thinv-sorncthing a, hild 2 People 11 i/1 dC'finifC'I)' / m,J) spcnd rnor(' timl' uing
.in eldl'rly pl'r,.on .i ({'('n,lgC'r a rC'tirC'd p0ron thC' Internet th,m \qtd1ing TV.
3 More'/ F(wf'r pC'oplc ,, ill pmhahly livC' ,,lonC'.
What is life like al these agest What responsibilities
4 Most proplc 11i/J / 11'on'r retire ,,t the ,,ge n 'i'i.
do people have! Whal kincl o lhings do they spend
thcir money on? Which is the bes! agc to be? S Tlw differC'ntt bctwecn rich .:ind poor pt'opk will
probabl) be Rft'dler I :,,m,1/fN.
6 l'coplc will h,wc more/ le:-.s frC<., time.
GRAMMAR: witl. might and
may for predictions 6b Compare your ideas with a partner, and explain
your prcdictions. Which o the predictions are
Sa ID Complete these sentenccs from thc positive or ncgative for your country?
meeting with the words ln the box. Then listen
and check.
I WRITING I

will rll'initl'I) (x2l might
111.,, won't probably 7 Write a short paragraph
about your predictions for
1 Thosc older poople live or much longcr your society.

- \\l' know th.it irom thc statistics.

2 Thcv hvc until tht')"rC' 9'i, or C'VC'll 100.
3 That won't he good for business.

_. l'm sorc thcy hevc rnuch moncy.

S Thcso pcoplo will ncod thlngs to do with !hi.:;
extra time. for surc.

6 Thcv ,11,;o want activltv holldays hu! that'll

dcpcnd on thclr hcahh.
7 lhc, won't go bungcc-Iurnping.
S
o
c
i
e
l
y
a
n
d

a
m
i
l
y

I
I
J

l
l
l
i
4
9
 THE FAMILY

I SPEAKING 2b Read the newspaper artlcle and complete this

sentence in six or seven words.
1 Discuss thcse questions with a partncr. This artlch- , .tbout -------------
1 H<l\\ importan! i,;; tam ilv lifr in } our countrv ?
2c What is thc organisation of the lext? Put these
2 Hm\ m,m) pcoplc are thcrc in )OUr immcdi,1!<'
topics in order (1--1).
1.1mil} Iparcnts. children, brothcrs ami sistcr..,J!
3 \Vh.:it .irc the advant.rgcs and db,1cl\.,rnt,1gci;; of a
,1) rcesons for tht low birth ratc D
. ,m,111 nr hig farnily? hl posvlblc solutionv to hc problcm D
U octfon to thc possiblc solutions D
I READING I dl factv ahout thr- low birth ratc D
2d Read the text again. Are these senlcnces true or
2a Match thesc words with thcir definitions. false Corree! any false scnlcnces.
hirth ratc < hlldccrc cmplcvcr 1 Onlv -IO"u of GNm,111 fcmalc w,1cluatt<., havo had
old-f,1<;hinnf'<l f<'<;pnn,;;ihlf' <;t1it,1hlf' e hlldrcn.
2 GPrm,111 \\Omcn havo .m .1\.N.1gr of 1.3:" e hildn-n.
1 no! modcm 3 ft.\\ p.ircntv havo more than or1c < hild.
2 vou clid it ore ausod it 4 A unhcr<;i\y profcscor hclic.w<; th.it Gorman
3 ,, pcrson or compcnv that p,1\-<; }OU 10 wnr], for thcm crnplovcrs do 1101 h.ivc modem anltudcs.
4 right fnr ,1 particular purpo,t or vituatton 5 The govcmrncnt will p,1, o,u h p.m-nt 1.HOO euros ,1
5 whcn scmconc looks aftcr thildren \\ hile the momh 'iO tlll' faiher can !al,.e tvm- ot work.
p.trcntv an- ,1\ work 6 M'i von dcr Lt')<'n\ ldo.is aro not popular with
6 tho numher of birthv for l'\l'} 100 or 1,000 pcoplc cvcrvonc.
in a pank ul.tr voar and pl,lll'
3 What do you think of Ms von der lcycn's plant

Germany: What future for the family?

i':c,1 li;un.-.; showcd Y'-"lcrJay FiJ".t of ali. if parcnts nct.'<l
th.l\ (icnnan) ha-, thc hi.:heI priva te chilJcarc, thcy "ill gct
r,.,.,.m.1.:<.' ofchildlcv, 1111m,:n hclp frnm thc go1cmmcnt. by
in uic wnrld. :m' of Gcrmun paying tcss tn.x.
11 ornen havc 11111 had childrcn. &.-c1mJlh famili will gct
:md thic Figure ril'\ 111 -10" up to 1.800 curtK a month
umong fcmulc grudrnu ....... fn,m thc gmcmmcnt if mtn
c;nn:my\ 1:11mily .\lini,rcr, Sl:l) ur home or l\HI rnonth\
L'l'\ul.1 1,,11 dcr l cvcn, -aid ufttr thc birTh of a 11<.W 1..hild.
that if rhc hirth ratc dn1." nor But Mlmc mc.n. L'\cn in
g, 1 up, ( iermnny 11 ill dic. thc minitcr's own political
(i,;m1,my hirth rute \ onc par1y, are unhappy wilh thi
of thc hr.1,;"t in Europc. with Jat idea. Pmbsor Schncidcr
an a1uagc 1,f 13.., d1ildrcn s:1y, tha1 in Gennany it i
pcr W(m:.in. cnmpan:d with acccptabk for womcn to 1:1kc
1.-:; in S11clkn ami 1.-.i in I m,L ,.,,, ,,r ,,.,,., rr11h h,r.h,IJ.a,. Mw ,,,.,,,u,..11trn "'ltrlp '""" mUI ,/uUJr,. time off to ha1c chilJn:n.
tlK' UK. G1.m1an mtth.:r un: Hnwc\'Cr, if 11 man wk<:!> umc
induJc l'XIC'r chikkurc. u m1othl'r ditnculty is thm ,orne
ah111hc tkk..;;t, 11 ith an .1vcrngc c1ff work to look aftl'f a ncw
lhi'l,l day th.11 cnd :u I m,nitn 1..1umot find a sui1:1ble
a.: 11fthircy ,1hcn 111,.y h111.: ;hi[J, hi l1ll\.'t.T 11 iJI he 0\\:1',
p m., anJ olJ-fohion<.'<l man. 'C'nccrt:.iin' men (wh()
thdr fiN child - ami mnI 111c 1111,.11] fnmil) picturc is
uuitud Jm11ng 1..,nploy..r,,. are un,;un: t1hl.1u1 tx.-coming
pan:111 dl(lO to ha1c only wr much alivc in Gcrmnny,
,,1,.d1ild. In addilion. m.1n} Gcm1.1n fothcn.} are uhn rc-:xmsibk he <;:1id. \'l;'omcn look aftt'r the
. kcnrJm.: to l'l"lL-<,,or 1111mcn are :tln:ady in LIKir for thc low hirlh r.f\ "he chilJrcn 1\hik mcn go out 10
)

m1J-chink-., 11hcn 1hl fini,h dairm.

Prl'l:rt Sdm.:idr nf ,\\ain,
0

\\Ork.

univcNlY :md gel :l g,1txl ,l,_ 111c ministcr has

l 'niwl'\it). 1he l\'aoll\ for
,\\, 1011 Jcr l..cycn, u Jcn:lopcd:.i pl.m tocm::oumgc
C ii:m1:m \ low hirth ratc
moLlwr of '>C\Cn, ..Y" 1hat pt:oplc to h:.ivc mnrc diildrcn.

50 iiillii Society and fomily

 THE FAMILY 62
6a Complete these sentences with !he corred
form of the verbs.
1 li I ec! him, l HC'IJ him rhc ncws.

2 She tbcl ill ii shc (not rcs more.

3 \Vhat !)OU dol if vou tnot pcsst vour
ncxt l'X,lm?

..J \Ve mol arri\tI un time ii \\C' tnot

hum) up.
5 lf \OU (010\el \'OU cer, 1 tbct ablc ro
park.
6 I tdol thc washtng up if 1 fh,wel time.

GRAMMAR TIP

I VOCABULARY: negalive adjectives

Use might instead of will whcn you are lcss
sure thal somcthing will happen,
\.Ve can use un- and -/css to show a negativo or f the birth rate does nol go up, 1ha1 country
opposlte. lo mean 'not' and 'without'. might die.

4a ,\lake Lhe negative adjectivcs of thesc words. 6b Think of other things that you will, or might. do
today I tomorrow I al the weekend, etc.
< .Ul' ( omtortahk hope kind
lud,\ ucc usual
li l hJ1t liml, ru
11.1,h rm hair tonighl.
11 / Wt' 4111,111/in,1 l,1tf>r, I mighl "'- tor to ttw p,1f/\.
4b Write questions with four of the negativo
adjectives. Then ask and answcr the questions with I SPEAKING I
your parlncr.
7 a llm You are going to role-plav sorne situations
I GR A MM AR: first conditional where people discuss problems and possible
solutions. Listen to this example conversation and
answcr these questions.
\Ve can use if to tatk about the result of a posetblc
future action. 1 \\lh,11 i Shonc and bclr rclotionship!
2 \\'h.it doc-, Sbonc \\,mi lo rlo?
Sa Match the beginnings and cndings of these
scnlences. 7b Listen again and answer these questions.
if-clause (condition) 1 \Vh,11 thrcc problcruv docs Ewl\ n mcntion?
1 11 tho l,llhl'r i;;1,1, .u home tor two monthv 2 \\h,11 are hant'\ ,olutinn<:?
2 11 p.rrom-, n('(.'CI pri,,llc cbildcarc. 3 Wh.11 cloc.., fal'I, n 1hinl.. o Sh,mc's pl.m?
3 t lht blrth r,llt' dcc-, nol A up. pronuncialion
main clause (result)
8 IID Contractions Listen lo these senlences.
J lh(\ ,,ill A<t hctp 1rom thc govommcnt. How do wc say What'/1 ... ! listen again and repeal.
h (il'rm,111, \\ ill lM\l' ,1 scrious prohlcm.
t tamilil''- ,, ill gct 1,800 curo, ,1 mcnrh. 9 Work wilh a parlner. Turn to page 117 and
considcr whal you will do in thc siluations.
Sb Is lhis grammar rule correct?
lf-d,lU'-l' = 1/ + vrmpk- prcccnt
m,un ll,IU"l' u,f/ 11,ff 1101 !11011'11 + iniirntM.'

GRAMMAR TIP
You can ch.:mgc thc ordcr o thc if-cl,1usc
,md mon clausc in thc scntcncc. Onlj use .i
comma whcn )'OU start thc scmcncc wirh if.
language reference and evua pracuce. pages 136-137
Socictv ancl family @ii@llii 51
I PREPARATION

1 Discuss these qucstions with a partner.

1 who docs the cooking and cfcanlng in your .lmil\?
2 Could you .;t,1\ out letc w hen vou wcrt> a tccrugcrr
3 What housewnrk clid )OU do whcn )Oll wcru a
chtld or tccn.rgcr?
4 D1d both \ our parcnts work ,, hcn you wc.rt, oung?

I SITUATION I
Speak Out is a television talk show. Roberl Hughcs
is the prescnter and the audicnce rakes part in thc
discussions. This week. thc topic o the show is
problems ond rcsponsibilitics in farnilies.
2b Look at the diferent points made on the show.
2a 11!1 listen lo part of the show. Whkh o these listen again and pul them in order (1-8).
issucs do they discuss?
al Sorne mothcrs c.m't stJ) .1t home bC<.,IU<;l' thC)
1 i\lothNs shoulrl <;f,w at home> with rhcir wung nccd moncy. D
childrcn. b A mothcr's lave is impnrt,rnl ior her childrcn. QJ
2 \Vorking men do no! noed lo <harc thc houscwork. l) \Vorl-.ing mothcrv rntss thc hcst \l'Jr of their
3 Childrcn shouldn't watch miln) hours ofTV a d,1,. chlldrcn's livcs. D
4 l',1rcnl<; should P1 tccnagcrs choosc whcn to Lome d Sorne mothcrs work h('CJUS(' tbc, wam to. D
hornc at night. L') TV i,; an cvcrvdav thing and childrcn should 1-.mm
ahout it. D
f) Parcnts should not lct chldren watch TV ,1t a!l. O
g) Onl, le! childrcn watch ,1 couplc oi hours ofTV ,1
dav LJ
hl TV is bad far duldrcn. D
2c Which of the points do you agree or disagrec
with? Oiscuss in small groups.

KEY LANGUAGE,
expressing opinions

3a III listen again and complete thcse sentenccs.

1 , 1 think mothcrs should sl,l)' ,ll home.
2 weu. 1 undcrst.md her , but sometimos
mothcrs have no choice.
3 \Vcll, that's J good . but I think sorne rnotherv

work bccausc thev want to.

4 1 agrcc Shci!a.
5 \i\1cll, 1 think is 1h.1! thev shouldn't watch ;m)
TV.

6 Wcll, pcrsoncllv, 1 disegrcc.

7 l think it's if thcy knmv that rv is a normal

thlng.

52 @1111# Sociel)' 8 Well, that's an

lntcrcsung
and famil) to phoncs.
. but TV i dlerent
 Family matters 63
3b Match the sentences in Exercise 3a to these
functions.
al agrccmcnt el opinion

pronunciation

4a IIIJ Word linking listen and repeat this

phrase. Notice the link between words that end in
a consonanl and those that begin with a vowel.
\V<'II. th,11\_,.1 good polnr. hut ...

4b ll!J Which words do we link in these phrases?

Listen and check.
1 \VC'll, \\ hat I thinl.. is that .
2 \\'C'[I, that\ an inttn-.;ting icko.1. hui .
3 \\'t'II, 1 undcrstand her npinion, but .
4c Practise saying the phrases in Exercises -ta and b.
5 Practise accepting an idea and then disagreeing
with your partner. Use thc ideas below to help you.
1 1 t idea: rnothcrs -hould .. ta) at home
2nd irlca: ..eme mothcrs bavc no choice
7 a Work in small groups. You are on Speak Out. One
student is thc TV presenter. He/She chooses one of the
fll'r.,<m,11/. I thmf.. moth(Y ,hould ,1.1> ,ll home 11 ith statements in Exercise 6a and asks the guests for their
1h, ir e lukiren.
1
opinions on that lopic.
1 \ 11, / unclt r,1,111d I our opinion, lmt \Otnt' moth(r,
h.11 l' no, lwiu. 7b Ater the first discussion, another student
2 l vt idcn: TV te.u.hes chlldrcn .1hout thc wortd becomes the TV presenter and chooscs a new
statement for discussion.
2nd idea: chlldrcn <hould miel bookv to lcam thing<i
3 l ct id<',1: hu,;h,mcf., should hclp elean thc housc
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
2nd idl',l: mon are tircd af1t'r ,1 da, ,l\ worJ..
Right, thc ncict topic is, working mcn sbocld ...

I TAS K: speaking on a talk show j So, wbat's )'OUr name and what do you think?
Do )'OU agrcc with hinvhcrr

6a Complete these statements with the words and What do you say 10 that?
hr<11:!S in the box. What's your opinion?

cirk-rlv hou-c husbanrl pav

pcrmiwion pocket mnnf'\

1 P.irt'nt<i should chlldrcn lo lid\ the house.

2 lt .., not .:i good idea for il rnan 10 he .1 .

3 A tocrugor (,111 <.t,l\ oul late 11 ithout .

-' 'ioung childrcn shculrl gtt
5 F,1milie<. ,;;hould look otter ilwir
,11 home.

6b Work with a partner. Think of reasons for and

againsl thc statements above.
l-or: 1 thinJ... p,1ren1, houfcl do th.11 btc <HM' lhtn lht>\
11 ()11 f ,lf.:tlt'.
dcm 't thinf.. 1/11 ,houfcl do th.11 iwc ,JU!>l'
Ag,1in,;t: 1
e htldnn m>t>d lo csm ,1hou/ looJ...inR .utor ,l bomo.
 STUDY SKILLS:
3c Punctuation Correct the punctuation in this
corrrecting your writing piece o writing. Use full stops and capital letters,
and take out unnecessary commas.

1 Which of these sentences are true for you?

1 l always check my writing carcfulf whcn l've
finished.
2 1 rccd my tcacher's commcnts and correcons
carcully.
3 Whcn m) tcacher givcs back my work, rhc only
thing I look al is my mark. fAw.i bt.1.St1.t..MlS
4 1 look ,11 my mistakcs. bul ncvcr remcmber thcm.
5 Aftcr my tcacher givos hack my work, 1 oftcn 4a look al this student's writing. The tcacher has
rcwre it to makc it bcrtcr. used a correclion cede. Corred the mtstakes.

1
2 Match the types o mistakes in the box that 1, = grornmar l,IJ \) = \\ rong word (\ oc.abu lar l
learners often make with these sentences. 1'' = spclling '.!.)(): wcrd ordcr

: mi,sing word = pum tu.nlon

gramruar vocabular, spelliog punctuation
,,nrrl orclcr lr,l\ing \\Otrl'- out
Sp '
Ottt pv-ob!t11t i11. 111. 0011.b" 1.s tMt Y'lc.j,. ptoplt 1.s
1 That ,; an interesting idea. s, 'f'
ttti Y'lc.1-.tV' poov- ptop{t ls 'ttti poov-ty; if tJ,.t Ap
.#YO ..S
2 lf !he birlh rafe ,viH--grow, rhc counlry will nol dic.
,-.11.,d: 1"0'!tt l-0/AJ /'i
3 Older proplc will robot! Wftnl. Aw.o tkt111. &,.,i\! buol<(t utv- bi, it v,iil! c.v-tlltt

' l-00
4 \Vhat ,, ill you if you arrtvc la1c? p,"Clblt)IU .stV'lou.s.
,,ptiu,
S The situalion is bad bul it isn't .
fI 4b Read the rest of the student's work. Look for
6 Thclr advisc was vcry helpfu.H. mistakes and write the correct symbol above the
mlstake. Then check on page 117.
3a Word otder Change the position o one word in
each sentcnce to make it corred.
1 More pcoplc will livc probably alonc in the futurc.
2 Bob hopes that thcrc will be good opportunities
business for him in thc uturc.
3 Evcryonc in m}' fomily has got cycs unusual, cxccpt
forme.
4 What shc will do i he docsn't arrive on time?

3b teaving words out Add one word to each

sentence to make it correct.
1 Pcoplc living longcr than hcorc.
2 lf men spcnd more lime at home, children mghr
happicr.
3 Thc majorily of roung proplc will ge universify.
4 Oldcr peoplc \\ ill mcct on lntcrnct.
Are the missing words similar in any way?

54 l@iij Society and familv

 W R ITI NG S KI L LS 6!4
I WRITJNG SKILLS, an article 7a Paragraph organisation Look at thc compctition
entry again. lt should be four paragraphs, not one.
Sa Discuss these qucstions with a parlncr. Divide it inlo four paragraphs.
1 HJ\t' \OlJ cvcr cntcrcd ,, c ompctionv Havc vou
7b What is the toplc of these paragraphs?
e-ver \\ ritten .mv thing for ,1 compctition!
Paragraph 2
2 Hovo vou cvor won anvthmgr
,ll blg ctucs
Sb Rcad the postcr below. How many people will b pccplc living ,md working slrlc bv <ldc
win a prize? ll ,1 muhkuhural <;<X.tl'I)
Paragraph \
.1) loco! schoolv ,111d hospitols
hl unpaid work
el nld pPnplC'

8 Senlcnce slruclurc We can join these threc

sentences to rnake one sentence.
Thc) help thcir local hosplta!s. Tht>) look oftcr old
pcoplc. Thl') colhx t moncy for good causes.
ht'} hclp f/)(>ir loe ,1/ ho,pita/,, fooJ.. ,J/('r vid pmpfo
.md < ollf>f. e nm1w1 for ,;oorl e ,lU't"'.
Join these sentences to make onc scntcnce.
Silvia uudics business ,11 univervitv. ShC' llvcs with
her p.1ren1.;;. Shc hcfps in her parcnt-,' shop ,11
wcckcnds.
2 l ter slstcr studfc-, ,ll S( hool. Shc llkcs bov b.mds.
Shc \\an1 .i r.ar.

9 Linkcrs Study the use of the linking words so, as,

hmvever and bccausc of in Silvia's artidc. Thcn use
6 Read thc compctition cntry below. What do you thcm to complete the judges' report below.
think thc judgcs likcd and dislikcd aboul it? Think ThtrL' \\ere ,1 \trv l,1rgc numbcr of cnlriv,; (mcr U)(JO)

about ideas, organisation of ideas, etc. '-- it tool.. ,1 long time to m1d lhl'm all. 1. tllC'

rudges' t,1k \\,b intcrec,Jing i thc }mmg pt'CiplL

What makes you proud of your society today? "rote ,,houl .1 \\ idc r,mgt' of topi<.s (e.g. thc HRC, lhc
i\,1tiun.1I Hc,1[1h Scrvkc, popular musid. Thc <.,1,md,ud
What to choose? 11 is d1ff1eutt to decide, as I lee! proud
nf cn1ril'S w,h ,1!<;0 Vl'r') hi::h, -1 it \\.JS c,xtrcmcl)
of many thlngs in my society today: for example, our d1fic ult 10 chooc,c thc winncrs. Aftcr rm1d1 diSlUsion,
education system. our creatlvity 1n the arts and our s , thc judgc,; .igtl'C'd on the top 20 cntrics.
sclence. Two things, however. make me especlalty proud
Thc judgl'S \H'rl' imprld b) Silvi,1 l lusscin's ar1itlc,
of my soclety. Flrst. our big cities are very multiculturaJ,
"-- hLr mockrn vic,inn ,ind ,1 fc<:ling fnr o1lll'r
so you see people of many different reces. colours and 1xoplc. Thcy alc,o likc.'d thc slylc 01 lwr rntr..
rellglons. Toesa people all live and work side by side. he tommunic,l!cd her idc,1 \t')' tlcarl\. R ,
I think lt's a great example of how people can come 1hc') W('rl' not h,1pp) \\ith her p.iragr,1ph nrg,111i,;,11ion.
together and create a mixed, peaceful society. The
second thlng is less obvious. as it often happens out of 1 Oa Writc your answcr to Lhe question: Whal
sight. lt's the tact that every day ol !he year. thousands makcs you proud o( your socicly /oday? Use the
of Britlsh people do voluntary work. They give up their modcl in Excrcise 6 and lhe useul phrases below lo
time to help others to- nothlng. They help thelr local hclp you.
rosprtars. look after o!d people and collect money for T\,o things makl nw proud 01 n1) o( it'1)
good causes. Because of these things. 1 feel proud of my ir<;t ... Tlw t'tond thing .., ...
society and see a positiva futura for it. However, 1 a!so
want to contnbute to lt. In my lrte. many people have 1 Ob Check your work for mistakes (e.g. grammar,
helped me, so now I would llke to g111e someth1ng back. spelling). Check your partncr's work too!
Silllia Husseln
20 year-old business student from Birmingham
Society and amily

#Nliii 55
 REVIEW
I GRAMMAR
Mel's travel blog
1 Read the two texts about lceland. Wherc is Day 3 m lceland
cach text Iromt
We've been here far two days now, m Hevkjavtk.
lt's the smallest capital crtv l've ever vrsued. so
we've seen just about everythmg now lt's very
pretty and has sorne great museums (useful far
ramv days- and there are a lot of them!), but
rt's very expensive here. more expensrve than
London even. but the tood's good. l've had the
best lamb and trsh that l've ever tasted.

We want to see more of the rsland. so we'II

probably go Ol an excursin tomorrow. but 11
depends Ol the weather. lf n's good weather,
we'u stay here and go whale-watchmg in the
afternoon, but 1f rt's bad. we'n detrrutelv take an
excursin. We're also thmkrnq of h1nng a car but
we m1ght leave that till Fndav and dnve north
Thf s islancl in thc North Atlantlc \,;; lurgcr !han over the weekend.
Engl:md ancl watcs. but fcw pcople 11\c hcrc
- onl} about 290.000. with O\"Cr half In thc cnpnn! lime far bed! 1'11 wnte more tornorrow.
d!}, Re}kja\lk. Iccland has becn indcpcndcnt _J
from Dcnmark smcc 11)44 and thc captnl comes
auve on tndcpcndence Da} U une I G). when
Rc)'kja\'lk fcd'! more crowdcd than London.
3 Complete the second senlence so that it ml:!ans
the same as the first sentence. Use Lhe word in
But pcoplc don't usuall) , bit lceland for the til} brackets.
lifc. Thls Is a counrrv of amaztng landscupcs -
1 kcl,mrl i mure pc\1Ccful th.m European citiC'S.
bluc laJ..cs and tcgoons. fast rtvers and waterfalls,
[uropcan tities . Oe!>s)
muuntalns and volcanocs tha1 erupt frcqucntl}.
2 kcl,md h.is a small pupul,1tio11.
Mount llckla, in 1he south of thc coururj . ha,;
Few ----. (liH!
cruptcd slxtccn times In thc last 1,000 j ears. and,
ln ene of thc mo vtolcm cruptions uf rcccnt 3 lteland gol its indcpcndcnct in l 'l4-L
tlmct 1h1 ,cikann cm ttu- lcland ol' l lt>lrm11} 1( l'l,111d h,l'- llf>Pr1 ---------
almost dcstroycd thc town In 197 J. 4 Re} kjavik is thc forthcst nnrth n( ,Hl\ < .1pl1.il dl.
Re}'kj,l\ il,., i . (ur1ht'r)

2 Are lhcsc scnlences aboul thc texts true or false?

Correct the false unes.
I VOCABULARY
1 Thc C.1rMr) kl.mds .trc lcss dr,1m,Hic. than lc.Ll,md.
4 lm Listen lo Jane and Andrea discussing their
2 lcclond is srnallcr than I nglond and walcs. next holiday and answer Lhe questions.
3 Not m.tnv pcoplc llvc in kcland. 1 \.\'ha1 !)'fX' of holid;iv do thcy \\,1111 to .:o on
4 1.ondon m'ver l'tI.; IPS" crowdcd th,m Re\ kjil\ ik. 2 Whid1 twu do the ciC<..idc tu think Jbout
5 tcelond has lx-en lndepcndcnt or lei.s th.m 'iO Bwincli Murchion alls Queen fliz.1he!h
vcarv. Mg.ihing;i
f, ThC' volcano on Hcimocv hav cruptcd -.h:ll'{'n
ttmos. Sa Complete the names of the nalional parks A-0
in the brochure extracts on pagc 57.
7 Mcl has sccn smallcr capital citic th,111 RcJ...j,1\ik.
8 lcclaud is more cxpcnsivc than m,m} other Sb Listen again and complete the gaps 1-9 with
pl.tccs. landscape words or anirnals.
9 lf thc c.ubor's good. Mcl \\ ill .;o 011 ,m CM ursiun
tomorrnw.
10 TI1c} '11 dcinitclv hirc a car at the weekend.

56 IUVll::W 4-b
 UNITS 4-6
I KEY LANGUAGE I LANGUAGE CHECK

6 llm Listen to Tom and Shula talking aboul a 8 Is there a word missing in these sentences? lf so,
photo. Draw a sketch o the photo. decide where to pul it. Then look back al the pages and
check your answers.
7 Complete the conversation with the words and h,I\ e
phrascs. Then listen again and check.
1 1 i\hadsoro throat since las! Tucsdav Ipagc 33)
,1
al pcrsonallv. 1 bcllcvc el That'!. a good poinl, but
2 ,\\v fathcr worked in Brazll in 1002. (p.ige n1
hl look amadng fJ Yuu .. hould do that
3 Thcre'5 ,1 prublcm with lack monv.uon.rpage 34)
el bccausc gl J think il's beuer
4 1 wnntcd to bccomc a doctor to hclp pcoplc. (p..1ge 36)
cil to hl I agrcc
5 This is leas! imprcssive part of thc countrv. (page 41 l
T: ... and thls pho1o is from my job in lndi,1, \ear,;; 6 Humane havo causcd a lot prohkms lo the
,1go. Th.11\ thr- clinic on 1lw li>ft . em lronmont. (1agf' 42)
..,: Oh, 11\ IO\l'I}'. \\lho's thc lutle boy on tho right 7 ThC' volcano \\ ill probablv crup! this j cor. tpagc 4lJl
with the two \\OITTCn?
8 (ldcrl) pcoplc might hcalthier in thc iuturc. \p..1ge 491
1; He hclped thc doctors and nurws. vou know.
made tea. ctchcd things. 9 li we both ork wc'H gel childcarc. tpage 511
v: lt\ inlL'Jl'ling th,11 the pho!u i in black and ,, hite. 10 l'm nol surc. l lhinl I agrC<' Angd.i. (p.1gc 53!

r: Yes, 1 that vcu ge! bettcr phctos thls wav,

..,: Yes, .! . The mountains in rhe middlo J
<;O lmprcssivc.
I LOOK BACK I
T: 1 know. 1 loved thc mountains. ln fact. 1 lovcd 9 Find the exercise in Units 4-6 where you:
evcrv thing thcrc!
listen to cxtmcts from podcasts. (Unil 41
'>: Rcallv, \\h\?

T: Wcll, l the wcathcr was good, 1he food was learn hov 10 givc rcasor or an oction. (Unit -1-1

wondcrful. the peoplc wcrc roalf friendly. l'd wrltc ..1 thank vou cmail. <Unit 41
mili, lile to gn back -- scc thcm all agaln. compare I\\O places vou know wcll. tUnit z;
,: 1, ! You can tale thrcc monrhs off from this read about animal imadcrs. lUnit 51
joh, vou know.

1: - 1 couldn't lcavc m, amil) fnr that long. learn ,1bout m,maging )OUr lime. !Unit 51

8 if 1 wait till the childrcn are oldcr. talk ahout !he differC'nl qag(.'s in lii('. iUnit 61
learn ho,, to e).m..'Ss c_onditions lhat afe<.I futur(.'
aUions. lUnit 61
di!>c_U!>S iamih issucs for prestntation on a TV shm\.
IUnil 61

H1gh above sea leve!, th1s nauona1 parle has 1 w1th a w1de vanety of

birds and ammals, mclud1ng over half the wor1d's mounta1n 2

On both s1des of the world's tongest l , the Nile,

th1s paric has sorne amaz1ng an1mals, such as buffalo,

4 andS

"
A. mtxture of open grasslands and ra1nforest, around
the '-- m thts park you can see over 100 types of
animal. mdud1ng elephants and b1g cats, such as hons
and7

Protecting the Ugandan part of the V1rangas, mne

'-- !s1x ext1nct), th1s park has 1ots of birds and
ammals 1n 1ts forests, 1ndud1ng the golden 9
REVIEW 4- 57
 Science
7.1 CRIME LAB

READING AND VOCABULARY, CrlmtJ lab

science and crime The cnme sceoe lrrvesugatm leam has to solYe two murdera
and a borglar} too,ght Senior lorensic scenust Karen wamer
1 Match these captions with the photos A-C. dlscoYers a Vital clue at a cnme scene. her ssters DNA. She
1 Invcstigators ccllcct importan e, ldcncc al thc se ene n mes to keep her discaJery secre1. but l'ler 005.5 mds out and
a crimo. tells her she must leave the 1MlStlga1ioo There's a burglary al
lhe mayas tocse but lhe luglar rasn't left any fingerpnnts.
2 Actors rchcarsc a sccnc on thc set of tho Lrtcst crime
Because o( thls, labaarory a.5SL5tant Dan Tumer has to use a
drama.
new cece of saerrtlfic equipment, Wllh su,pnsr1g resutts
J A !>( iC>nfic;I prepares DNA samplcs or anal, sis.
CSI - the reality
2a Read the twu televlston programme revlews. Which Thls new senes reeas the science bel'Wld modem police
is a documentary? Which is a drama? Which would you
lffle.5tlgaticro. Iris Battle is a forensic scientlst 11 a Q(MlfTlll'lent
watch? crme lab Her team exarmies lhe mateoal frmi !he avne
scere - ftnwtt.l"e oollets, knlves. cipettes - to flf'ld ttwngs
2b Read the texts again and answer these questions. )tl.fcan hardly see. filgefprfnts, tlai"s in::! DNA rrnoctJles.
1 \ Vhich programrnc does thc re, ie,, cr !-frongl, Thl:s senes explains tv.v saenbsts analyse lhe eYIClence 11
rccornrnend! order to IOOl'ltdy l'lf'lo has arnmrtted a cnme lt's a fasClnatJng
2 How many crimcs are thcrc in thc cplsodc o Crimo fab? proramme aboot ee IM!S aod work cA the real mme scene
3 \Vh.:it is thc smallcst thing that forcnsic scionstv analvset mesbgators - Min.tel'j ooe to watchl

58
3 Find verbs in the Lexts that mean: I GR A MM AR: must and have to
1 iind lhL answer to .1 prohlem
2 iiml or lcern somcthing th,11 vou did not 1-nm, 6a Pul sentences 1--1 from the interview into these
about boforc three groups:
3 shm\ sonwrhing lh.11 rou muid not S('(' heiore A 11 ,.., nccesearv to do this nhcrc is no cbotcct,

4 evamlnc something carcrullv in orckr lo unro'>land it B ll is l1('('CSS..1n. not to do thi<: uhcrc i<: no choicct
5 break thc l,n, C II is not neccsserv to do this uhcrc is sorne chokct
1 You don'! havo to slud, law.
I LISTENI G 2 \Ve musln't cal or drinl.. in rhe lab.
3 You must tum ,our phonc off.
4a 11& Listen toan intervicw between Iris Battle
-1 You havo to stucf,, chemistn. or biologv.
(a forensic scientist) and a researcher for the
documentary programme. Pul these topics in the 6b Look at Track 1.47 on page 157 and find more
order (1-6) that thcy lalk about them. (There is one examples of this language. How do we make
topic that )'OU do not need.) queslions with bsve to?

,11 the two tcams o cmplovccs D

GRAMMAR TIP
ht work in thc l.1hor.1tor, D
(.l thC' reecarchcr's m,lln intcrcst [J Must and have to are ver, similar in meaning.
We usually use tuve to whcn we talk about
ch the cffccts o thc n dramas 1
D laws, rules, ele. \Ve often use musl whcn wc
el , i<:iting rhc laboratoo D give our opinion that somcthing is importan!.
I sclcunc. equipmenl D L.mguage reference and e,tra practice, pag("; 138-139
1 work .111he crime sccnc D
4b \York with a partner. Complete these sentencos
7a Correct the mistakes in thcse sentences.
with informalion that Iris Battle gves. Then listen 1 Shc have to check thc C'\ idcncc c,1rcfulh.
again and check. 2 \\e mustn't to cat orto drinls in htr<..
1 Crtmo <cene analvsts collcct thc evidente, whcrcae 3 As l'm a D'-A cxpert, l ha\cn't to l,.nm, about gun<;.
forcnsic "<- iensts ... 4 HP mus! d0t'! \\ h.11 1 5<1}.
2 In walih, Iorensic sclcntists are cxpcrts in "IX'Ci,11
areas. but on TV thcv ... 7b Complete these sentences with the corrrcl
3 In rcalih, mosl oi thc crirnes are burgl,1ri<...:;, form o must or have to and the verbs in !he box.
(Sometimes both forms are possible.)
,, hcreas on TV thov ...
-1 On T\, thc, gt1 DA tc-;t rcsults in a C\, hours, but ha,e 1,21 lcnci makc ,,cor x21 1
m rC'alih ...
5 Becausc o thc TV show. the numher of peoplc 1 A orcnsic scicnti<;t mu:./ h,11 e or ha, to h,,vf'
appking to \,orl.. in crimc labs ... a uni\crsil\ <;<.icnc.e rlcgrCC'.

2 A police officer l uniHr<;il\ dcgre1..'.

5 Oiscuss these questions in small groups. 3 A orensic <;ciC'nti<:t .J umorm.
1 H,n e } ou seen IV programm("; lil.r Crimr lsb or -1 A policc oificer .1 uniiorm.
CSf tbc fC',l/i(\? Did \OU cno, thcm?

5 A orcnsic <:cienti.:;t ,1m mist.JI..C"-.

2 Hm\ do rhc pohcc US(' sctcocc and tcchnclogv in
6 A poi in n1iicC'r hi!'> .;un to ,l/l\ onr.
vour c:11untn.? Think about thc-o thing<:.
D'-A (TTV cameras sX'C'<'I cameras
computcr databascs ID cards I SPEAKING ANO WRITING I
3 \\'ould ,ou likc ,1 carcer cormcctod with sciencc or
technologv i \ \% \\'h, not? 8a Write down ten things that you have to or
mustn't do in your daily life. Think about work,
study. home and free lime activities.

8b Compare your list with a partner. Does he/she

have to do things that you don't have to do? Agrec
on the five most annoying things that you both havc
tu do.
Science 81iII 59
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STEPHEN HAWKING

SPEAKING ANO 2b Complete this summary o Hawking's life. Write

VOCABULARY: science one word in each gap. (The words you necd are in
the text.)
1 Discuss thcse questions with a partner. Srcphen H.1wking wa 1 in Oxford. in 1942. ! le
1 Whil.h o thcsc subjccts rlo you considcr to be thc studicd ,1! rhc Univcrsities o Oxord cnd Cambndgo.
most stien1iic? Pul thorn in arder ( 1 = thc most He was still ,1 voung man whcn he 2 that he had
sciC'n\if:; 8 = thc least scicntiii1J. a scrious diseasc. 1 towcvcr; he rnarricd ),\Jll' \ Vil de,

finlehcd his PhD and gol ,1 1 .u C.m1bridgt

A<;!ronom Hiology Chcmlstrj Univcrsity. In 1979. he bccame Proft><;SOr o 4 . In

Economk's 19ttt;, attcr ,in opcraucn. he surtcd to lJ',l' 1xLi,1!
History M.1thC'rn,11ics \'\(dicinc Phvsk.s cqupmcnr to hc!p him 'i . Thrcc years l.ucr. hi

2 Is sciencc onc of thc most importan! school book A 1,_ J listmy o Time oppcarcd and sold

subjects? millions of copies./ lawking rewmte thc lxok in 200).

Surprisingly, 11,iwking belicccs lh,1t he is not ,in ---
3 Are rnost sclcncc lcssons ,11 school boring?
porson. He i proud o hts f,1111ily ancl hi \\orJ..., ,md
gratcful for tlw ll that m,mv dtcrcnt pcoplc h,wt
I READING I gi\en him.

2a look al this webpage about Stephen Hawking. 3 Whal did you find most intercsting about
Why is he amoust the text?

Eductfon
S1 Albans School (20 rrt1les north of l.ondonJ
-:-- IJnlw<Srty Co<leg,,

''""'
PhD.Uo"""1yolCambridge(1966)
\1959-<2). ""'"" Phys<s

- creer
lnstltute of Astrooomy, Cambndge (1968-73)

-- -
-
Protessor o1 Mathematics, cambridge 1919-1
Fmlty
Manied to Jane W11de (1965-1995. lhree children)
Elaine Masen (1995--J
aod
Hawking as a student in Oxford

Wo<k Health
Stephen Hawklng is one of the wor1d's most Hawklng d1scovered that he had the disease ALS (a disease
famous sclentists. He is well-known for hls work that affects muscle control) al the age of 21. In hls first year in
on black holas, and has developed a number of Cambridge. He only expected to live a few years. However, he
new ideas about them. Hawking beheves that married Jane Wltde and found a Job in Cambridge. In the earty
the b\rth of the universe {the Big Bang) created stages el his career. his lllness gol worse but he was
many small black holes. Hawking aJso thlnks lortunate that he dld not have to teach. He only had to do
that there Is a sort ol hola in the centre of a research and this was easier fer him.
What is a black hole? btack hole. This hale leads to another unlverse. Untll 1985 he could talk, but In that year doctors had to
A black hOle 1s a place In completely separata from our own. operate en hlm and he lost his speech. Soon. however. people
space where gravlty is Hawking's 1988 book, A Brief History of nme developed equlpment lhat allowed him to speak. In spite of h1s
very strong. Anyttmg that
From the Big Bang to Black Holes. sold ene dlsease. Hawking does not conslder himself an unlucky man.
la/IS lnto it never comes
oot No!hing can escape copy fer every 750 people on Earth. However, He says it has not prevented hlm from havmg a ver attracllve
from it. rot evtin lhl many people could not fimsh the book hey family, and belng successful In hls work. He says this Is thanks
a reen "- IS imxmll>le to lound lt too dltf\CUlt) so Hawklng decidOO to to the he!p he has received lrom h\s fam\\y ano a large numbef
see a blacl( hOle wrfte an easler vers!on, A Briefer History of of other people and organisations.
nme (2005).
60 @IJild Sciencc
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STEPHEN HAWKING

VOCABULARY: nouns, adjectives Sb Complete this text from thc wcbpagc with the
and verbs with prepositions words in the box.

had to did not havc to could could no!

4a Complete these scntences with a preposition
(e.g. to, of). Then check your answers in the text by
looking for the underlined word.
1 Thc lah is scp.irltc _ thc man bnlldlng. "'"' +
2 Hc's wrulng ,1 hilory _ crime in the US.
3 Shc bccamc VCI) succcssul business.
4 Communicating is much caslcr now. th,mks _ thc Stephen William Hawking
tntcmct.
5 Thcy havo reccivcd thc rcport _ thc policc officcrs. After the operation
By 1985, Stephen's speech was getting worse. and only a few
What other prepositions do you know? people who knew him weU 1 understand hlm. But at leas!

rn, 2 commurncate. In 1985, he 3 have an operaten

4b DI Can you complete lhese queslions with a on his throat. Afler that, he-- have 24-hour care by nurses.

preposition? Listen and check your answers. fOf a time afiar the operatlon hes speak at ali. The only

1 Wh,11 are you intcrcstcd _ 1 way he e communicate was by spelling words. He 1

2 Do you havc ,, good rcla1ionship _ cvcryonc rarse his eyebrows when someone pointed to the nght letter on
in your farnil)? a spetling card. However. a computer expert in California ('Nalt
'Notosz} heard al Hawking's problem and seot him a computer
3 what are )'OU afmid _?
program. Wrth this program, Hawking a choose words
4 what are }OU proud _? from a menu on a screen. Ali he 9 do was press a switch
5 Wh,1t'c; thc bcst thing thars evcr happcnod in his hand. But he 10 also control the program by makmg

vou? a head or eye movement. In that case, he 11 press the

6 what do }OLJ spcnd your moncy _ ! switch. At first he 12

7 Do vou bclong _ ;rny clubs or organiscticns! run the program on a desktop
computer. but then a man
4c Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 4b called David Masan fitted a
with a partner. small portable computer to
his wheelchair.
I GR A MM AR, had to and could

Sa look at these senlences about thc text. Then

match 1--1 with a-d.
Untif IWl'i lw could 1.1/h. His secood maniage to
Elaine Masan
Doctors had to opcmtc on him.
\1,111) P"P''-' coufd no/ finish tbe hook.
He- did not have to teecv: I IC' only hsd to do rc$C,m:h. I SPEAKING
1 had to ., ) was/wcrc not able 1n do it

1 dirl no1 have to b) it was necessary to do 11

6 Discuss these statcments about altitudes lo
science in small groups.
3 could C) it was not ncccssary to do it
1 l'm inlC'rcstcd in tht' latcst sci0ntiic d0vdoprncnts.
4 rould no! rl) \\;is/wcrc ablc lo dn i1
2 Scicncc h;is madc modern lifo hcalthier ,1nd more
comfort,1blc.
GRAMMAR TIP
3 My govcrnmenl should spcnd more moncy on
Thcrc is no past form of mus/. Use had to. sden1ific rcscarch and les on o!her things.
You must work hard. -e You had to work hard. 4 Scicncc ancl tcchnolog}' can <;olve any prohlcm.
5 MorC' womcn <,houkl 11,ork in thc fele/ of scicne<.'.
language reference and extra pracnce. pages 138-139
Science @fiIH
6'1
'

73 S CE NA R I O
I PREPARATION KEY LANGUAGL
developing an argument
1a Match these invcntions, theories and
discovcries with the sctence subjects 1-I. 4a m In the notes in Excrcise 3, each arrow
(f- f !----+) shows a connection between two ideas.
thc thcorv o rcl,llhih molcculcs iniinit\ The arrows represen! the words and phrases in the
thc prinlin prt<;-. ,accin,llions gcnetk s box below. listen and complete these sentences.
lcvcrs ,md pullc_, s psvchoenaf sis
.,. conncctcd to lcd to
LlU.!.<.'CI
1 Hiolog, and Chcmistr, mcans 1h,11 mc.tnt that so
2 Ingmccrtng ond Mc<._h,1nics
1 l think this a rcvoluon in l..nl\\JpfiP.
3 Phvsh s ,md ,\.\athcmaticc;
-t Mcdit inc and Ps, chologv 2 This ideas could sprcad nunb more quh J..h
lh,111 bcforo.
1b Can you think of more inventions, theorics and 3 lt cduc,u ion lor cvorv onc.

discoveries for the different scicnces? 4 'Ihs th1 a<.1 producnon oi books.

I SITUATION I 5 Thc writtcn word bccamc important ,1\ work. ,md

pcoplc had to rcad.
6 Thc printing prcsv wntcrc can rnakc rnoncv.
tdees and fnnovations is an intelleclual discussion
programme on radio. For a spocial programme thcy
4b look at !rack 2.3 on pagc 157 and find more
are choosing the mosl importan! invcntions and examplcs of this tanguage.
scicntiiic discovcries o the last Lhousand years.
5 Complete thcse sentenccs. Thcn compare your
2 m Listen to part of the discussion. Julian ideas with a partner.
Blake thinks the printing press is one of the most
importan! inventions. Which of the fo11owing 1 Thc car mcans that ...
reascns does he mention? 2 The discovco ol DA led to ...
1 People could rnako hooJ..s and ccmnumk.orc 3 Rapld gloh.11 \,,1rming i!> conncctcd to ...
idcav quickl. 4 Tdc\ iston mcons pcoplc .. .,
.11 hum<.' ruorc.
2 Pduc.ulon bccarnc povablc for overvonc. ,md so ...
3 Librarles and unlvcrsttics tncrcascd in numbcr. 5 Thc discovcrv of nuclear tner, causcd ...
4 \\riting lxxamc ,1 \\,l\ to oarn moncv. 6 Iho invoruion o thc retrigl',llor mcant th.n .

3 listen again and complete the notes below. Wrile

ene word or number in each gap.

6uttenbtrg ,n,,ented PP m 1
.l
revolation IIIKriowle4gr, NX1rfy, etc.
Why?
111r fiNI rtJm:

PP booJ:s, large 1 , qoicKly ide.1s sp,ud qu,cJ:lt

.l
gre.1f J ,n soc,rty

(or ali f- :.hoofs f- fJr,t pdctn o( booKs

T
rr-Jd1t19 sKills
v.,mp. f- wrrlten word ,mp ,1/ s
1r th,rd rt.JSbll'
PP ''-- c,m m.aKr mor1t-t 7' wriftN ,1ndJ01.1rrul1sts
i
good for "--
if1c1sm.

O,d PP-+ ed1u:. (or a((?<J 62 @IJjifi Scicnce

yt.Jrf, brtwrrn PP ,md 6(.hoo/s
pronunciation 6c m Work wth a partner. Which sound do the
consonants in bold have! Is it voiced or unvoiced?
6a ID Voiced/umoiccd consonant pairs Listen listen, check and repeat.
to this phrase. Can you hear the different 1 nuclear encrgy /d'Jf 7 thc tclephonc
pronuncialions of the 'th?
2 acrcplaocs 8 thc computer
the theory oi relativity
3 the car 9 lclevision and radio
a 'rar =>V ,rcl=>'IIV:>I i/
4 DNA 10 rlectricity
To makc these sounds, we use our lips and tongue 11 thc refrigeralor
5 thc dock
in the same way. The only difference is in the way
we use the vocal chords in our throat. 6 tbe printing prcss 12 thc Internet

lo/ is voiced. /0/ is unvoiced.

I TAS K: c.:housing the best invention
6b ID There are many pairs of consonants like
this. Complete the table below with the sounds in 7a The inventions and discoveries in Exercise ec
the box. Then listen, check and repeat. are the top twelve from the radio programme in
Exercise 2. Choose the four that you think are the
'hgL3dd3\ rnost importan! and make notes aboul them. Think
about these questions.
123456 7 8 what are your rcasons for choosing the inventions
p k.fO-. J tf or discovcries?
What do thc invcntions or discoverics mean wc
canlcould do?
What did thcy lcad to? What is connected to them?

7b Work with a partner. Explain and compare your

choices. Agree on the top three.

7c Tell the class aboul your three most important

inventions and discoveries. Does the class agree?

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

Thc rnain rcason t have chosen this is bccausc ...
Onc reason il is important is that ...
Another thing is thal ...
I complctcly agrce with }'OU.
I don'! agrcc with thot point.
Which shalt wc choose?
7!4
ST U D Y AND
I STUOY SKILLS: makingnotes
Pr" for w"O i" l'I 1he. lJK
1 When and why do you make notes?
to write an ossey or rcport, to rcmembcr wha1 you 1 Sd,,o/< M.;f fo <fue/, -r """"
havc lcarnt ... fh<.M .,,..,- 'I'" <-ao, do .,,+fj, f"-i<
Z M,k, ,tfrtv<k.< - """ ,flor, MJk,, '<'be M""'1<
2 m. Anisha is a student mentor. She is a second- ) tt'15- di!JY'c-ri --+ hcrd fo G-OMf'C'fc. wifh w-omc-ri M')O
year student who gives advice to first-year students. iwo wntr"' .., of ; p'f"""
listen to her conversation with Shannon. Whal advice 1 s.,.
h t, f'! foM """" rfdu,u,, be "' fu,.
does she give her? Docs Shannon think the advce is l.lc aoovr F"' tl,;'5' ;, ;,tuvOM
useful? listen two or thrce times if necessary.
1-1 J,
3a You are going lo read an articlc about problems 5 we. abovt < fe.
for women in science in the UK. What kiod of
problems do you think the article will menlion?
Discuss your ideas wilh a partner.

-
-
B

PR061-loMS f"OK
WOf-.lo&N IN SC-1

,. .,-
ill\t
,
IN TH,,- vK

Wf<,,o "" 1 5'?'

1
3b Read the article on page 116. How many of
your ideas does it mention?

4a A group of students have to write a 150-word

essay on 'Problerns for womcn in science in the UK'.
t,&.n1 10 st.ra.>h "Pu>plt- st.mt c.ornfYlt.oh
Work wilh a partner. Look at the notes (A-C) that
three differenl students have made from the article. .1.bo.d r,r U'. 10 r.1.r1s \.1.b - dD'ti \l,)()f'Y!i,O
Find one mistake in the facts in each set of notes. 1-\Av, e.n111>n,n nof prob for trinc.n n NuJ
"""" woh<1<,r,,o
4b Find examples of these things in the notes.
1 good ancl bad organisation
2 not cnough detatls of tlu- toplc or idea WRITING SKILLS:
3 studcnts using 1heir own words - no! just copying describing charts
parts of thc original tcxt
At rhc age of sixteen, British students take naticnal
4 information that will not hclp to do thc writing rask cxams (GCSE) in a numbcr of subjec.t, including
5 words that thc studcnts havc rnade ehortcr [nHlih ,incl M;:athc;.
(c.g. neg) and syrnbols (e.g. +)
6 places whcrc words {c.g. the, itl are missing 6 Look al chart A on page 65. Which informal ion
1-4 can you find in the chart?
Remember: therc ls no right or wrong style for
1 studcnts' cx,1m Slicccss in Scotl,mc\
notes. Find a style that suits you.
2 d1ffcr<r1<..cs bch\C<'n lm)'S' ,md girlf pcrtorn1c1nc(' in
5 Imagine you are going to write an essay on 'lnvasive 1 h<' GCSI: Clwm islr}' cx,m1
species in the UK'. Look at the text on page 43. Make 3 <;ludcnts wilh grade<; 1) to Gin thl CCSF Chlmi,;\r)
notes on it. Then compare your notes with a partner. cxtlln bcl\,c.'Cn 1997 ,rnd 2005
4 lhc nwnber uf students \\ ho loo\.. tht' GCSE
(hcrni-.1rv cxarn bctw<.cn !9()1 ,inri 200';

64 @ii@jjd Science
 W R ITI NG S KI L L S 74

7 Complete this description of chart A.

GCSE attempts and success rate at grades A to C- England
1 lu- ch.rrt sbow-, thc numher of bo, s ami (subject:Chemistry)
1 \\ hn took the GCSE ! ' cxam
in l hC!\\C'Cn 1991 ,md 4 , end
hm\ m,my of thorn p.ro-cd lhc exam with
the highcst --,Ato C.
8 Look carefully at chart A and choose
the best answer.
1 Thc red bar show s the numbcr of boys
\\ ho wof... lhr e,am / p.11:'cf th(-' e,am
\,irh grade, A to C.
2 Thc bluc bar ,;htl\\S thc numher of girl'>
who /ook 1hc C'\,lm pJSjf'd the t.um
11 ith gr,1dcs A to C.

3 In 19W,abuut H//30 l,UJO/

I UJOO girls took thc exarn.
4 In 2001, .rbout 1 : / / 'iO / 1,500 I
l'i,000 girl.; passcd thc cxam with gr.irk-,
A to C.
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

9a Describing graphs Look al these Year

words and answer the queslions below.

,111 mercase fcll ,1 nse a dccrcasc Boys.entres (1.000sl Boys:AtoC(l,OOOs)

dccrcasod rose tncrcased a fall Girls:entries (1.000s) Girls:AtoC(l.OOOs)

1 \Vhich are nnum? \\lhith aro vcrbst

2 Which are about going up! \Vhich are 1O Now write about chart B. Describe a) what it is about and
about going dmu1? b) sorne of the rnost importan! information.
3 \ \lhich words mean the same!

9b Complete this summary of the

B GCSE attempts and success rate at grades A to C- England

.
(subject: Computer Studies)
importan! inforrnation we gel frorn chart
A. Use the words in the box above. (Fnr
each gap, two answcrs are possible.)
Bctwccn 1991,md 20Qj, more IX1ys th.m 50
girls took the exarn. Looking ,1! tho chert in
more detall. we l,111 scc th,11 beiwccn J 99J
and 1 <JlJ'i, thcrc \\,, 1 in the numbcr
ni bovs \\ ho took tho cxam. The numbcr
of girl,; who took tho cxam also 1
In contrast. irom J<)()7 tn :WO.'i, thcrc was
'-- in thc nurnhcr o bovs ,, ho took

thc exam and thcrc wes alc;o 4 in the

numbcr of bm e; who p.rssed the oxam \\ ith

grades I\ to C. In ,1 similar \\ay, tho numbor
o girls who took thc ex,1111 ,;_, ami tho
numbcr of gfr!s who passed thc cxam ,, ith
tlw highct grade, olso ''--. Ovcra!l.
Year
thcre \\,lS - in thc total numbcr of

studcnrs \\ ho took thc C'-Jm bctwccn 1 'J'J7

and 200'i, anrl passcd wrth grades A to C.
Science @IJfflld 65
 The night
8.1 SLEEP TIGHT!

SPEAKING AND
VOCABULARY, sleep Dear Dr Wilson
I think l've managed to find a good subject for the end-
of-course talks next month. l'm thining about doing a
1 Are these statcmenls true for you? J not, presentation on sleep and the brain (how much we need to
changc them so thal they are. Then compare sleep, stages of sleep, dreams, etc.). What do you think
with a parlner. about this? Could you give me sorne advice? Could I come
1 1 stccp for obout six hours a night. and see vou about it later this week?

2 1 U'-U,1lly havo J 101 of drcarns. Thanks very much.

3 1 m-vcr talk in mv sfocp. Abolaji

_J
4 1 otcn hove slccplcss nights.
5 1 can slccp through ,, 101 o noisc.
6 On Sunday,;, 1 usuallv docp in. Dear Abolajl
7 Whcn I go to bcd, 1 f.,11 aslcop vcrv quickly. You seem to have a really interesting topic ere. You might
also want to look at:
8 1 Icel slcopy or don oor a big lunch.
different types of sleep

I READING I 2 why people talk in their sleap

3 how modern life affects our sleep, e.g. light pollution

2 Abolaji is a student on a foundation course l'm afraid J can't sea you this week as J've decided 10 go
in Manchester befare starting a science degree. to the conference In Oslo that I mentioned on Tuesday. l'U
be back on Monday. Perhaps we can tatk after the class on
Read the emails and answer these questions.
Tuesday? In the meantime, keep reading about the topicl
1 Wh) lw; Abola] writtcn to Dr \Vilrnn?
Steve Wilson
2 \Vh,11 i thc rcl.nlonshlp bctwecn thcm?
_J
3 Do vou thlnk Dr \ vilson's rcplv is helptul?

66 INdlij The night

I LISTENING 4b Find other examples of these verb paneros in
the emails and Tracks 2.9-10 on page 158.
3a 11111 Listen to the first part of Abolaji's talk. GRAMMAR TIP
According to the information in the talk, are thesc
statements true or false, or does Abola ji not sayf Wc can use sorne verbs (e.g. /ike, hale),, ith both
thc infrnilive wifh to and with the verb + -ing.
1 A onc-vear-old bab, necds to slcep for about
Oftcn, there is nota big diffcrence in meaning.
twclvc hours a dn}.
2 Sorne adults only necd lvc hours of slecp a day. Language reerence and extra practice, pages 140-1-11
3 REM stands or 'rapld C}C movemcnr' .md NRE\.\
stands for 'non-rapid cyc movcment'.
4c Complete Dr Wilson's feedback comments with
the correct lense and pattern of the verbs.
4 Rapid mcans quick or fast.
5 Thc hrain becomes more active in l{Ei\l slccp. Abolaj1
-
6 Brain tcmperarurc mercases during R[M slccp.
Your presentalion was excellent. You '--
3b 11111 Listen to the second part of the talk and (seem I have) a good understanding of the subject.
answer these questions. and you 2 (succeed in I keep) the attention of

the audience throughout. 3 (keep wor1<.) hard.

1 How manv stagcs of sleep are thcrc? You 4 (start I develop) into a first-class student.
2 \ Vh,11 dUC'S NREM slcep do?
3 Wh\ is it ncvcr complctclv clark?
4 Why c_an our modcm \\.JY of liic havc a nogavc
offcct on our slccptng pattcrns! Amy

Your presentation was satisactory. The tapie was

3c Complete this summary of the talk with the
interesting and you e (manage J cover) the key
words in the box.
points. However. you e (need / say) more aboul

brain darrugc dorkncss dreams each point. and give sorne examples. You 1
less organising 1) pes (tend / speak) rather quicldy. You also a
(keep / reading) your notes and didn't took at !he
As wc gel older. we nced !O slccp 1 , ahhough audience much. l lhink youre an mtelligent and

not cvcrvono nccds thc samc amount o slcep. The talented student but you can do better than this.

lwo z of slcep are RE\\ and NREi\1. Ahout _J

80o ni stccp is '\!REM <lcop, \\ hen 1 Jtti, ih

slows dm, n. REM c;lpf'p is,, hcn ""-- happcn and 5a Complete these questions using a correcl verb
ic; important Ior '-- our rncrnoncc. One o thc
pattern.
problcms \\e sce todc1} is that thcrc is lcss l>
than in thc past and thiv could --- our heal!h. 1 (\\ h.1U do \OU \\,mi
2 Do \OU lrkc !
I GRAMMAR: verb patterns j 3 !
\\'hat do vou hope
4a Look al the highlighted sentences in the emai/s. 5 H,l\'e ,ou e\t>r lhought !
Thcn pul the infinitive of the verbs in the table below. 6 Do \OU t>njo, !

verb + verb + -ing verb + preposition 5b Work with a partner. Ask and answer your
infinitive with to + -ing questions.

I SPEAKING

6 Work in small groups. How much do rou know

about sleep? Do the quiz on page 118.
T
h
e
n
i
g
h
t

#
i
j

j
f
l
;
i
6
7
8!2 THE NIGHT SHIFT

I READING

1a Which o these jobs regular[y involve working

when mosl people are asleep?

astronomcr baker cell-ccntrc workcr clcencr

WORKING
cnginccr lorry driver nurse officc wcrkcr IN 'I"HE
policc officcr sccuritv guare/ te.u.her

working al night? Make a list and compare with l) .-\ IZ 1(

1 b Whal do you think are the disadvantages o
other sludents.

2 Rcad the first paragraph of an article about night 9-5: the standard workinq dav However. for
workers. Ooes it rnenlion any of your ideas from
Exercise lb? sorne pecple. it's bednrnc These people are
the niqht workers - nurses on the night shift,
3a Read the rest of the artide about four people
who work Lhe night shifl. What problem does each lorry dnver-, crossing continents and bakers
person have with their job? prepannq our breakfust bread. Working at
3b Read the extracta again and match the peopfe to night brilllJS p.irticular problerm: arruly life is
these questions. (Somelimes more than one person
dilficult, soc1.il lite is lirnitcd. c.ifes ,He closed,
is possible.)
1 Who couldn'r gel anothcr joh al first? there .ire IC'w buses ,Hld it's bad tor your
2 Who is doing a joh that hc/shc lm('5.? lw,ilth \Vith ali these problems, who chooses
3 Who \\ants to stop working at night? \o work ttw ni9h! '>hift, and ,He thev pl,mn1r1q
4 Who C'njoyi. \\Orking \\ ith hlvhcr collc,1gm."i? !ll t,iv 111 tlw1r JOlJ',?
5 \Vho hns a joh hc\ping pcoplc in ano1hcr rnunt1y?
6 \ \lho talks about thc moncy th.u ho.shc l',1rns?
7 \Vho talks about pcoplc 111 othcr countrlcs!
8 \Vho p1,111s to use sorne o his her work trmc to do
sorncthng <.lsc! 4c We can make -ing/-ed adjectives from verbs,
e.g. bore bored!boring. How many -ing/-rxl
3c Would you likc to have any o these jobs? Why/
adjectives can you find in the text in Exercise 3a? Whal
Why notr Would you mind working a night shift?
are the verbs
Have you ever done that?
4d Complete these queslions with the corree!
I VOCABULARY: -ing/-cdadjectives adjective. Then ask and answer the queslions with
a partner.
4a Undcrline the adjectives in these scntences and 1 H,lH' )OU <;CCn ,lJl n1 prow,1mme r('(.<.nll\?
answcr the qucstions below, I in tcrc<,t!

Night-hi(r worJ.. 1, tirng. o ht> 1, ofren tire<!. 2 \\ h.11 i<; llw rno<.t 1hing ,ou h.1,e dorw?
I ,1111 hortd hec ,HN' m1 oh, horin#, re,c itcl

1 Whic h .,dcuiw'i describe hm, wc fcol, otcn J \Vhc.n cfid \OU l,l<;l 1C'd rc.1[1\ r 11 ir<. 1

lxx ausc of somcthing <.lsl'? 4 I<; thcrc ,lll\ lhing !hat ,ou tlrl' I)\? i.i'>< in,11<.1

2 \Vhi<..h adjcctivcs dev-rlbc "h,11 ,;ome1hing ., tih? \\ ., .. frig/Jlt-ned 5 Wh,11 i<; thc 111c>'it
rig/J1cning. f.im,1/el
4b Choose the ccrrect adjectivcs. 6 \Vh,11 i !he mo,t
1 Wc wcn' frightenl:"d I friRhtenin# bcc avsc the ilm \OU? iC'mh.:irr,1<;<;l
7 \VhC'n did }OU la<,l l('t'I thinA \-Oll h,l\P '-<.'tn?

thing th.it h.1, h,1pp<.'rll'cl

10

?
l<,urp
ri,r
2 Thc lccturc \\,1 illl('n'!>ll:"C intf're,ting. "<1 ihc 8 I<, thl'rc .inrthinA nu ,Hl' ni? unghten
studcnts wcn- intf'reqpcf inten,ting in iL

68 IIJifi:i The night

-_H_ENGH_TS_HF_T-

Peter i\ loore To,,y Baggio

1 work :n rught because l'm .\ly work imolves rcpairng rhc railway rracks, so
fascmared h) the srars. and I we bave to work ar uighr because they can't srop rhe
have been smce I was a lmle boy. trains during the da)' lt's nor sobad, our ream spirit
l'm happresr when l'm lookmg is grcar and wc gei: pai<l extra. Howcver. l'm going
down fil} rek-scope. Thc sur. to leave rhis job soon. lr's tiring and I havc ro find a
are am:mng and it's grear 1.11..mg normal job because
prcrures of rheru. Hone-aly, l'm my wife's pregnant.
nevcr gomg ro change 01) rob I haveu'r found a
- l'rn an asrro-phorographcr for new job j ct, but J'm
hfc. Of course, ffi} cecal hfe hoping m be a buildcr.
rs poor. bur 1 rhmk l've found lr's hard work, bur no
a solunon to rhis problem. Fm more nights!
v.omg ro hrmg m} la.ptop ro work and jnm an lnremct char
room. l'm hopmg to make fnends wrrh pcoplc abroad.
They "re rhe only people awake when rm \Hlrkm!
Jolm i\lillar
When I carne to rlns counery, thc
Indira Patel
onlj work I could find was as a
I work in a ca\l
mght secunrj guard. This joh 1.1,
centre m India.
bonng becau,e n's so qurer, hut
hut l am;:\\er rnlls
I'vc decrded to rurn rhrs prnhlcm
from pcople in the
into an advanragc.
UK so I ha,c ro
:-.:e,1 month. l'm going 10 s1.ir1
work at night. lfs
.1 degree m hreramre h} drstance
learmng. l'm gomg ro read ni)
a good joh with
a good salary. lr's
course books dunng rbc long
al.so imcresring because I use mr F.nglish. Bur. to be
qmcr mghrs! 1 don'r "antro be
honcst, working ar night is depressing - 1 miss my
a secunrv guard all my hfc: l'd
fricnds and family - so rd like to lea,e this job soon.
hkc to he a reacher; l'm gomg
Sur well-paid jobs arcnr easy to find. so I don'r know
10 appl far a reachcr-rraming
cour.-.c whcn I Fimsh my degrce. ,, hat rm going to do really.

I GRAMMAR: future intentions I WRITING

Sa Who says these sentences in the article? 6 Think aboul your future. What plans, hopes or
1 l'm going to hnng mv Iaptop 10 work. drcams do )'OU have? \.Vrite five sentences. Then find
out about your partner.
2 l'm hoping to makc iricnd,; \\ h pcople abro.id.
3 'vovt rnnnth. l'm going to <tart a dcgrec in
leraturc. I SPEAKING I
-l l'd like to lcavc lhis jnh <oon.
7a Work with a partner. Make plans to salve these
Sb Underline more examplcs of this language in problems.
thc text. 1 You ha,C' a lot oi irC<' limC', but ,ou don'! havl' a lot
o mont\. You .are OIC'n lx>rc'<I.
Se Answer these questions about the sentenccs in
Exercise 5a. 2 wu li\C in a ior('ign < ountr.. 'lou have jusi lost your
joh and ,ou ha,c no\\ hcrc !o li,c.
1 \\ hich wnrenccs dcscrfbc ,1 planncd oc tion in lh('
luturc 1i.t.1 cltiinitc inlcnlionl? 3 You ha\<.' jul lockcd ,ourlf oul o \OUT house.
'wu h,l\e lcll }our k(,,._, \\.1llct and mohile phone
2 \\ h1lh ... <ntcni e.:, l"-nihe ,1n ambiliun or drcam in'>ide ,nur house. Thcrc is no one cl'>C al home.
tor lhc 1u1urt?
\ \ h, don 1 IH' ... f thinJ. u e thould ...
3 Hu\\ do \\C m,11...c nt11,ali\c,;; ami qu<."'-lions ,,ith thi'-

J,mgu,1gP? 7b Find out what other students have dedded to

_. language rererence and edra pracllce, pages 140-1.t l do to solvc the problems. Are you going to do the
same things?

The night llijf@:j 69

83 S CE NA R I O
I PREPARATION

1 Do you do these things when you go out in

the evening or at night? How often do you do
them? What other things do you do? Dlscuss
with other students.
go In a rnuscurn go to thc theatre
go to thc ctncrna gn to J ircwork rlisplar
go out nr dinner go to ,1 sports cvent
go to J lOrlCNI go on ,1 boat trip
go dancing

I SITUATION J Great music, great orchestra, great 1 .

Tomght: The world 2 NationaJ Orchestra perform

Every year, for the month of August, there Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 in the main hall of the wonderful
is a large arts festival in Edinburgh in Edinburgh Castle.
Scotland. There are classical and popular
music concerts, large and small Lheatrical
productions, comedy shows, filrns, dance

shows, talks and special cvcnts. Enoy rnovres from around the 3 in the festrval's outdoor

cinema - the 4 is free!

2a look quickly at the festival cvents lisling Tonlght: Hum Tum - an lndian film made in the true Bollywood
and answer thesc questions. Al which event(s) style. This is a romantic comedy filled with great 5
can you: and dances.
1 !-C<' ., film?
2 scc il pl,1\ r LATE Nl(;HT EVENTS ( 11 P,M,-2 A.M)

3 hear <orne mu.:;id

4 C'(' somcthing from Brit.iin?
5 St'C' -omcrhing irom othcr <..ountrie,;? Powerful 6 with the smallest of casts.
Tonight: Shakespeare- a writer's fife. One 7 performs
2b Complete the events listing with the
the full story of Shakespeare's lite. He acts as Shakespeare, his

words in !he box.

mother and B his wife and even his chldrenl You'II faugh
actor around famou Iathor forgct out Joud.

lm atlon plavs popcom .,ong world

3a flD Listen to Paul, Christine and Emma, Music and dance from all 9 the world.
three American tourlsts, plan a nighl out. Tonight: Japanese drumming. An incredible performance by 45
Which of the events at the festival do they drummers that you'II never 10 . Powerful and unique.
decide to go to!
'

A night out 83
3b listen agan. Who has thesc opinions; Paul, pronunciation
Christine or Emma? Wrile P, Cor E.
5 mi lntonation in Wh- questions Lisien to these
1 The tllm ,_ a funny love story.
questions. Does lhe intonation go up or down al the
2 HC'1She docsn't ltkc Iiu- Bollywood filrn. end? listen again and repeat.
3 l lc/Shc docsn't likc classical musc. 1 Wha1 would you Hkc to do?
4 Hc/Shc likes ali kinds of musc. 2 wherc would you like to go?
5 Hc/Shc w.uus to visit thc castlc atcr dark. 3 \\/ha! would you prcfcr to do?
6 Peoplc go to bcd late during tho festival. 4 What would you rathor do?
7 A sccond muste performance is not a good idea. 5 What dn you fancy doing?
8 1 lc/Shc thinks rhc drum show is somcthing unusual.
6 Look back at the events Jisling in Exercise 2a
and write sentences about your preferences. Use
KEY LANGUAGE, the language from Exercise -ta. Compare yuur
expressing preferences preferences with a partner.

4a IIB Can you complete these sentences from

the conversation with the words in the box? Listen
I TAS K: planning a night out I
and check.
7a You are visiting the Edinburgh festival. Louk al
than prcfcr fx2) lovc fanrr the events listing on page 119 and decide which of
rathcr tx2l keen would mind the things you wouldlwouldn't like tu do.

1 \.Vh,it would )Oll 10 do, Christine? 7b Work in groups of three or four students. Plan
your night out together. Chocse Lhree different
2 1 don't that.
things to do.
3 rd to go to tbc classical conccrt.

4 ld sce thc film. 7e Compare your plans with another gro u p. Do

5 l'm not thnt on thc conccrt. you prefer your group's plan?

6 What vou rather do? Hrst o( al/ \\e're going to :o to ...

7 \Vdl, In he honcst. 1 don't . OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

8 l'm more lntcrcsted in the lnpnncsc drummcrs What shall wc do tonight?
rhc ene-man thcatrc show.
What about you?
9 l'd to scc thc drurnrncrs.
Why don't WC ?
10 ld scc 1hc11 than a p1,1y about Shakcspearc.
l'd likc to ...
4b Which sentences in Exercise 4a: What would you likc to do aor that?
,1) esk for someonc's favourite thing ar choice! I think we should ...
b) mean you llke one thing more than anothcr thing? l think thar'Il be furvboring/tiring.
1
e) mean you don't Iikc something? That sounds grcat/unusual/interesting.
d) mean you'd rcally like to do something?
e) mean you don'! have a strong opinion?
8-4 ST U D Y AN D
STUDY SKILLS,
improving your memory

MEMORY 1 We tend to forget things very quickly. Can you

STRATEGI ES

.- .
answer these questions?
1 What time did you go to bed last night?
. . 2 Wh,11 colour clothes were you weanng the dd)
befare vestcrday!
One way we can remember th1ngs rs by putung them tn
groups or ordering them. Look at these words for one 3 \Vho was sitting ncxl to you on your last bus or
minute. Then cover them. Wnte the words you train journey?
can remember. 4 what was thc weathcr like on your last birthdav?

.
bus star nurse cate bed ottce worker
bram cinema
ra11\,,.ay stenoa
baby restaurant teacher
chtldren bread
'""' 1 1 l'Yl!"W
24hou

\ -
Jrdr

1
4th '"""'"'
- 1 momh
I Fu,the-.-

. .
ifn,.;uy
Now look at this nst of words trom Urnt 7. Orgarnse
them mto groups. Then compare your groups wrth your
aftef lOm.ns'

/ . ... r,
'

oartner's. Are they the same?

"'
book c/ock equ1pmenr notes tetevtsion
car hetr uniform Earth phone lab
1 ---+I ...--

black hole computar aeroplane j" ""'

ASSOCIATION '"
Another way we can remember thmgs rs by imagmmg
them in a particular place (e g m your house or room).
Look at these words far different kmds of people.
' . '""
graduare mm1ster teenager mvesror

employer consume, retirad person Fmd 8-10 words m tfus urnt that are drtftcutt or
rrnportaot far you. Make upa story us,ng these
Imagine these people m drfferent places m yaur house words Tell your partner your story
You can add surpns1ng ar funny detalfs, e.g rmaqme tne
rrumster at a long table m vour dirnng room. surrounded
by piles of paper These assocrauons and connecuons
can help your memory.
72 IIJjiiI The night
look at the other words and thmk of a place m your
house where you can 'see' these people Add sorne
cetarle to the scene. Tell your partner about your house.
Also, 1t can be a good idea to make up stones us1ng new
words. Imagine you want to leam these words

presentat1on weekend sleepless nights

festival dmner museum engmeer cous1n

You could make up a story hke tms:

last week 1 hada lot of sleepless rnghts because I had to
do a presentauoo on Thursday. Toe weekend was good,
though My cousm. who's an engmeer, carne to stay wrth
me. On Saturday we went to the Scence Museum and
then we had rnnner together 1n the evernng. On Sunday,
we went to a feswal m Central Park.
2 Work with a partner and answer lhese questions.
1 Look at tho graph abovc. How much can wc
rcmembcr aftcr one day? Aftcr two dav s?
2 Whcn do wc forgct thc most?
3 What can you do to rcmembcr more?

3a What methods do you use to lry lo remcmber

things (e.g. information, words)? Tell your partner.

3b Quickly read the text on the left aboul ways to

improve your memory. (Don'l do the memory exercises
yet.) How many different methods does it menlion?

3c Work wilh a partner. Read through the text

again and do the practice exercises logether.

4a Which of the methods in the text were new

ideas for you? Which do you think are effective?

4b How many of the words can you remember:

1 from lhc ycl low box?
2 from thc words in 1hc blue box thal )OU grouped?
3 from your house or room?
4 from 1he <.IOrv you madc up?
 W RI T I N G S KI L L S 84
I WRITING SKILLS: a story 3 Wc -;,n, au island in thc distancc. Al lh.H mom(nt I
(JOIJ Sudc.ltn{\ WL' rc.uhcd thc UMt.
-1 hcry d.rv he wcnt fbhing. l:vcry d,1y he fatlcd to
5 Discuss these questlons in small groups.
cetch an)lhing. Soon / fin,1/1} / At t/J.it moment,
1 \\lh;:it kmd o storics do you likl'? ,li1tr "-t'\l'r.il wtek"-, he c aught .t tinv fich.
2 Do you likc folk storics or lcgcndsr \Vhy I Wh} not?
3 Are thcrc am storlcs obout thc bcglnnlng or
9a We can use adjectives to makc a dcscription
discovcr, of your rnuntry? more interesting. Underline all the adjectives in
the text.
6 Read the Maori story below about the discovery
of New Zealand. How do you think it will end? Turn 9b Add these adjectives to the sentences. (More
to pagc 119 to check your ideas. than one answer is sometimes possible.)

7 Match these headings to the paragraphs 1-6 o hr,1\e d,1ngc.rou-. dificul! il'rn gi,rnt

the story. (This includes the ending on page 119.)

1 1 saw .i ush, about thrcc mctrcs long.
Jl in,1l l1\l'l!S d background information
2 Tho h.ing ought thc dragon.
hl IJ1Pr cvonts el rcsuh/concluslon
3 Thcrc was a dog ,111he g,ltc.
e_ first ovcnts
4 Tcvcnty men ancl women made the jnurney.
Ba Time expressions Underline ali the time 5 Wc lookod fnr ,1 bridge to crovs thc ri\ cr.

exprcssions in the text (e.g. soon, afler a whi/e).

1O Write a story about one of these tapies.
8b Choose the best word or phrase. ,l foil... <,IDr)' from your country
1 1 \\,h I\ ing un thc bcach with my cvcs closcd . .Soon / J strongc drcorn
\fler ,ome time .uddml) sorncthtng [umpcd on top thc worst nlght nf \ our lifc
of me.
2 \\l,1!er pourcd into thc bcat. \1 l,1t In 1Jw end I Use the paragraph struclure in Exercise 7 and some of
Ht'lon lonl-! it sank. thc words and phrases you underlined in Excrcise 8a.
Make your description inleresting by using adjectives.

Kupe was a great fisherman and chief who nigl11s. but the octopus was much aster than
lived on the lsland of Hawaiiki (Tahiti). When the canoe. The food and water were running
the moon was full. Kupe and the other out. and the people were suffering. Flnally.
fishermen went out to sea and caught fish. one moming. Kupe's wife. HlneteAparagi,
Usualty, they caught lots of fish. of ali colours saw a long cloud in the distance. Land was
and sizes. near! She named the land Aotearoa, land of
the long white cloud. Everyone in the boat was
2 One night. the fishermen did not catch a single amazed by this beautiful new country.
fish. They realised that a large octopus was
eaung all the fish. Kupe gathered his people 4 Before long. they landed the canoe on the east
and told them his plan. 'Without fish we coas! and collected fresh food and water. Toen.
cannot live here. We're going to find this giant with fresh energy. they chased the octopus
octopus and kill lt. however long it takes!' The down the east coast. Afler sorne time, Kupe
people built an enormous canoe. When it was and hls friends entered a dangerous
ready. they loaded it with food and water and area o water between the north and south
prepared for a long sea joumey. In all. there islands of Aotearoa and at last they caught
were seventytwo brave people on board, the octopus. A fierce sea battle began. Toe
including Kupe's wife and children. octopus smashed its strong arms inlo the
canoe and made a hole In the side of it. Then
3 They chased the sea monster across the the octopus held the canoe very tightly. lt
endless Pacific Ocean for many days and seemed that the end was near for Kupe.

Tht' night #l@il@ 73

 Work and industry
9.1 EMPLOYMENT

I SPEAKING
11, 11, ltl o.. 41'_!jCllll:*N.(JJ.
1 Head of Human Re.ources
1 What do you look for in a job? Pul these things
AIIStaff
in order of irnportance (1 - the rnost irnportant;
8"" the least importan!). Compare in small group3. "- Staff Survey

J wcll-known tomp,1n> gocd PJ) plcascnt

At Maxicomp, managers welcome the views ar
working conditions having fun opportunitics to staff on a wide range of company matters. We
travcl good managers lc.rmiug ncw skills believe that llstening carefully to our employees
fricndl) collcagues over many years has helped us to maintain our
position as the market leader.

I READING I Far thls reason, we would now like to find out if,
and how, staff think that Maxiccmp has changed
in the las! few years. We want to know how staff
2a l<ead this company ernail. What do the used to reel about the company and their jobs,
managers of the company want to knowt How and how they feel now.
will thcy gel this informalion? An externa! organisation. Swift Consulting, will do
the research. including interviews wlth a number
2b Thesc employees all quickly read the emal,
of employees. AII staff who have worked far the
Who has no! understood it?
company for more than five years can take part.
1 l'm lntcrcstcd, and I can do it bcc.tusc 1 startcd The discussions w11l be completely private, and
hcrc four ycari. ago. Max.icomp will not be able to identify staff from
2 1 don'! \\,ml 10 do it, bccausc I don't want to their comments al any stage in the process. We
cscuss t/1<'<:C m.u'ers 1\ irh 1hc comp,111). Tiw will inform staff of the results in a fulure report.
rnight use it agalust me latcr. lf you are interested In takmg part. please
3 Thcro's no polru bccausc the) ncver tell you thc contact Metame Chadwick of Swift Consulting,
rcsufts of thcsc survcys. [email protected] rozo 6320 1244) by
4 11 sounds rcally intcrcsting. 1'11 givc Mel.ink Friday 14th May.
Chad\\ it ka e all on Wcdneday 12th.

74 81illfj Work and industry

I LISTENING
Wc can always use the past simple instcad of
uscd to, c.g. He uscd to travel a lot whcn he
was youngcr. (c:c He travelled a lot when he was
3a DIIH listen to Swift Consulting interview younger.)
two Maxicornp employees and answer these
questions. We cannot use uscd to fur ingle acuons in the

1 Who thinks that thc companv has chcnged the

past. c.g. She tded ro finih ,rnrk eti,/y )'ete,dat,
most. Shom or Rory? Sb How do we make the negative and ask
2 Who thinks that lw/shc has changcd thc most? questions with used to? look al Tracks 2.14-15 on
page 159 and check.
3b Listen again and choose the bes! answer. Language reference and e"tr,1 pracce, pages 142-HJ
1 Shami thinks th,u shc is lcss cmhusiastk now
bocausc Se Complete these senlences about the interviews
,1) vhc startcd workmg for thc ccmpanv six with used to, didn't use to or use to.

)t',m ago. 1 Shami eel thc samc way about thc [ch.
b) sho is older. 2 Did shc gu home ,11er 7 p.m. evcrv d,1yt
r, J he works longcr hours.

3 Rory .ind hi<; collC',1gu<''> use thc gvm

2 Thc company hil,; bclpod her 10
togcther.
al loam nc 1
\\ <kil!s.
h! achlcvc more. 4 Did Rnf\ hil\l' long lunch brc;ik?

e) travcl. 5 Thcy work more ;is a leam.

3 R.or, 6 Thc) havc many oppor1unities to learn
al wJS more fricmdly in the past. new !.kills.

bt ate rnorc Ilocn or sbtccn }'C<HS ago.

el docsn't havo long for lunch thosc davs. 6 Write six: senlences about you, your family and
friends. Use uscd to (x:3) and didn't use to {x3) and
4 Rory thinks that he is stll working for the
the verbs in the box:. Then tell your partner.
(Oll1fJ,lll) hecause

,11 he r an learn ne,, skills. be e,,t feel finish go out have

hl 11 1-: more profcsstonol.
hclp know listen think travc! work
el thc Pev is bcncr.

3c Discuss these questions in small groups. pronunciation

1 Do )OU thinls ,\,\,u,kon1p is ,1 good c..ompany tn Sa Look at Tracks 2.14-15 on page 159 and find
, v ork for
examples of a) and b) above.
2 \Vould vou likc 10 work for ,l companv for a\('!)'
!ung rtmc. likc Ror)?
3 Dn workorv in your countrv work longor or shortcr
hours tlun in the p,1,;!

I VOCABULARY, work

4 Find these words in Tracks 2.14-15 on pago 159

and the emait. Can you explain their meaning?

cmploycc long setvicc lumh break

market lcador dcpartmcm promotion
1,111 tralnlng e ourw work ,1<; .i tcam

I G RAM MAR , uscd lo

We use uscd ro to talk about al past habite and

b) past states.
a) Rory uscd 10 rravcl a lot.
b) 11 used to be more fun.
7a Elm usec/ to look al Track 2.16 on
page 159 and listen. How does the speaker
pronounce use
and
use
d?

?b listen again and

repeat.

I
SPEAKIN
G I
8 Work with a partner. You are going to
find out what people in your class used to
do.
Student A: Turn to pa::c
11 9. Student B: Turn to

p,1gt 124. I
WRITING I
9 Compare yourself now with !he past. Write
three
or four sentences about al your
personality and b) your likes and dislikes.

al [ i.m.A to bt. 1.11tt. .'!k. b1.1t ('w. 11.ot A11.w.o,ri.

l'w,
\\\O'(t, COK {iJ.t.K t 11.0j,:.

bl 1 .:1.iJ.11.'t t.1st. to tikt. to111.Ato. b1.1t l t.At;..

lot of tkt.\ 11.0j,:.

Work and induslry l@Hii

75
92 GOLD

1e Read the text again and match the sentence

beginnings 1-4 with the endings a-g. (You can use
the endings more than once.)
1 Puro gold ,1).., an ,1110\.
2 Golcl wirc hl is in manv clcctrk.al products.
3 Gokl in tccth e) is not ven rhick.
-1 Gold lcaf di is not vcrv hard.
el cnntains 62-;"8o gold.
fi lests longcr tban <orne
I READING othcr material ....
gl is not difficult 10 u-e.
1a Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 d Find words in the text that mean:
1 \\lh.11 things do pcople hove that are gold tc.g.
1 whcn somcthing allows hcat or l'il'<.lrici1\ lo tra\tI
jC'\\ e! lcrv I!
oloog or through it rvcrbt
2 \\lhich do mu pretor. gold or c;ilvcr?
2 the places w here two things join
3 Look at the photos. Can vou think o am othcr
3 vou can trust sornconc or -omcthing lo do wh.u
uws ni gold in industn !
vou want thcm lo do
4 \\lhich use of gold do pcoplc adnure thc mo<il?
4 whcn vou mix 1,,0 or more mctals togcthcr "
1 b Read this webpage and check your answers to that thcv combine and bccomc a single mctol
questions 3 and 4 above. 5 prcttv or attractivo, but not .1h,.1ys nt'<C."'""-m
or uscful

Where is gold used In lndustry?

Gold ,s used almos! everywhere. from our homes to octer space.

Why Is it used?
Gold has a number of advantages over olher metals. lt e soft. so rt rs easy to use. lt conducts heat well.
11 lasts a long time and 1t rs not damaged by the envrronment. Gold connecuons are very rehable. so
lhey are used where safety rs importent. In aoomon. gold is a popular matenal m mousuy because of
ns scec.et appearance. colour and beauty.

How is it used?
lt is used m a w1de vanety of ways. The mam use e 1n elecromcs - computers. pocket ceicutators.
wastunq machines. teeveons. recordable CDs. cars. credn caros and spacecraft. Toe Coh.mb.a
space shuttfe. for example. used nearty 41 kllograrns of gold Gold is !he perfect matenal for contacts.
An ord1nary te!ephone contams 33 gold cootacts. In sorne electronc eqtnpment. very fine gold wnes
are used to connect oirrerem parts o the equiprnent. Each pece o wre rs made of very ocre gold
(99.99%) and thnner than a human ha
The second most importan! use of gold rs tn teeth. However. pure gold is not used. as 1t rs very soft to
use on ds own. lt ts nuxed wch other metals to make an anoy A typ1cal alloy contans 62-78uD gold.
Decorahve uses of gold mclude J0\vellcry. pens and penc1ls. watches and glasses. l11s round 1n
batrirooms. on plates and espec1ally on perfume bottles. Toe most 1mpresswe use of gold is gold leaf.
Th1s 1s an extremely th,n Sheet of gold. Generalty, 111s produced by hand and is used by bu1lders.
glass makers and art1slS. lt 1s apphed to the roofs and ce1hngs of publlc bu1ldmgs. and lasts much
looger than pamt.

76 1@11@1 Work and indu,;try

- .:J
 GOLD 9!2
I VOCABULARY: compound nouns j 3d Find othcr cxamplcs of passtve forms in the text
on page 76.
\A/e can use two nouns together to make a ._. l,mguage reference and extra pracuce, pages 142- 1-13
compound noun. Sometimes we write them as onc
wurd (c.;. IJathruum), somctlrncs a.<. twu wun.b 4 Complete this text with the prcsent simple
(e.g. e reclit ('Md). passive of the verbs.

2a Complete these sentences with a compound Oil is sornettmcv calted black gold, bccausc 11 j<,

noun. Use a word rom each box lo fill the gaps. extromeiv v.ilu.iblo. 11 1 (m,.c\ b}' vcry smatl

1 Do you rcad ,1 cvcrv day? l so, which onc?

plants and anfmals 1h.11 died on thc Sl'.1 bed millions
01 ycars ago. Ovcr 500 of thc world's oil is in thc
2 Is thcrc a_ ncar vcur houso! lf so. how oftcn
Arab World. Russia and othor countrics that wt-re
do) ou rcnt iilms?
once part of the Soviet Un ion also hove a lot o oil.
3 Do )OU prcfcr or .ipplc juicc? whcn oil !. lind) in the !>C.J hcd, a .. pcual

4 Do vou use Internet pl.itform called a rig 1 {movcJ intn thc right

5 1 la,;; an cvcr lost vour position. Oil irom thc ground or se;i bcd 4
!sep.ir,1\e) into differenl types
air ch.JI ncws or,rnge ,;;uit video nf oil in a spccial faclol)'
1.:allPd il rcfinery. Oi\ --
juio.. t.,c shop fine rooms p,1pcr (use) for ucl (c.g. in car
cngincs) ancl to mc1ke
clrrtricity Wc also
2b Ask and answer the queslions with a partner. m,1kc> pl,1stics with
2c Find examples of compound nouns in the text. iL About 9,000
million li!rcs (55

I GR A MM AR: present simple passive j million barrplsl

of nil (, (u<.e)
Ja look al these sentences and answer the cvcrv day.
questions bclow.
a! Purc gold is nnt uscd in rccth.
h) 11 is mivcd with othor meta Is.
e) Gold wircs are uscd in clcctronic equipmcnt.
1 Undcrlinc thc main actlon vcrb in these scntences.
2 Do thc scntcnces s.1y who ur what dccs thc action
nhc .1gcntl? Se.1 bed
When wc use the passive. we aren't focussing on
the agent o the action. The agent may be
unnccessary or unknown, e.g. in sentence a), we
do not need to talk about thc dcntists. In scntcncc
b), we do not know who rruxes it.

3b look al thesc sentences and answer the

questions below.
a) Gold is no1 damagcd by the cnvironmen1.
hl Thc cnvlronrncm doev no! damagc gold.
3c We form the present simple passlve with is/are
1 \\lhith scntcncc focuscs our oucntlon nn
and the past partidple of the verb. How do we
gold? make questions in the passive?
2 \\lhirh scntcnro 0111pha<.i<,0<. tho
cm Ironmcntr
3 \\lhich word do wc use in ,1 passlve sentence
whcn wc glvc thc .igcnt of thc actlon!
I SPEAKING

5 Work with a partner. Tell each olher aboul

industry in your country.
There ,m a 101 o( biR f,Klorir!> ,uound ti)( c,1pita/.
i\fost of tlicm ,HC' nC'w.
C,m, .irp madt> in tlw north.
The products are en/ cJII m er tlw 1\ orld.

Work and 1ndustry @fiHd

77
93 S CE NA R I O
I PREPARATION
Route One wants to import sorne digital music
players from Guangdong Digital (an electrical goods
manufacturer in C:hina). Richarrl Hallows, Purchasing
1a Discuss these questions with a partner. Manager or Roule One, is making a deal with Lu
1 Do shops in vour coun1ry oen havc- s,1lcs? How Han, a Sales Representative for Guangdong Digital.
rnuch discnunt do thcy gcncrallv offcr? Hove }OU

bought any barg.ilns rccently? 3a Befare you listen to their negotiation, Jook al
these qucstions. Who says each nne, the buyer or
2 Havo vou cvcr bought things ,lt a mnrkor Do vou
the sellcr?
cvcr barga n for ,l lowcr pric..e!

1b Complete thesc sentences with thc words in the 1 Price

box. Use your dictionary if necessary. \\lhat's the pricc por i!cm?
l lm\ much are thcv pcr itcm?
suppfv import buvcrs exports How much woufd you file lo p,1y(
m.mutacturcrs rctallcrs

1 \Ve havc to thcsc machtncs bcr,1usc we can't 2 Delivery time

ind thern in our e mmlrv. \\lh,it',; your normal dcltvery 1imd

2 Cofftc is onc of our man . Wr <;<.11 ,1 101 to \Ve nccd delivr-ry in two wccks. C.111 \OLI do th,11?
Whcn would vou llke us to rlelivcr?
Europc.

3 Wc are of clcthcs that are sold abrond.

4 Wc sel! car parts lo Ferrar and Piat. ThQ are our 3 Quantity and discounts
rnost rmpon.uu . I IO\\ many would ) uu like 10 ordtr?
5 'Testo' ,111d 'M,,rks and Spcncor' .1rt' British Cm you offor me a di<;crnml?
that havc shops abroad, What disccunt can vou uffcr?

6 Wc cloctrtca! ttcms lo shops and

supcrmarkcts: wo don'! sC'II to rhc general publc. 3b flD Listen to the negotiation between Richard
and Lu Han. Tick (.t) the queslions in Excrcisc 3a

I SITUATION J
you hear.

3c Listen again and circle the correct clctails of the

2 look at the business aclvert and answer these ncgolialion. Who do you think gets the best deal?
questions.
St,1rting pricc: 1 S WO I SHO pcr tem
1 \ Vh,11 docs Roete Onc do? Choosc thc corrcct Ffrst diswunts olfor<'fl: 2 s-; / 1 )"., (ordtr, > SOO)
ansvvcr. 1 /(}",. / l",, {ordLrs > 1,0001
,1) lt manufactures clcctrtcal goods.
bl lt sclls clcctrical goods to the public .
Final qu,1n1it) ordcrcd: 1 1.noo I noo

el lt sclls clcctrfcal goods to shops. Final price: '$87. 50 SH7 pcr itC'lll
2 \\lhere is it bascd nnd whcre cines it irnpo ron1 Fin,11 dcli\CI)' tirnc: e, JO cl,11 t11 o 11'C'C'J.. afler ord(r

Route One
Discount Electrical Goods Supplier

Route One: the fastest way to get

new products into your shop
0794 8345586
-roi,111,1u
l!,lo0011111rl u
unil SJ bour llislllffl P.,.t,
O.,l.Wia, C,,,H,l
78 @fiilil Work and industry
 lmport-export 93
I KEY LANGUAGE: negotiating 6a Work wilh a partner. Write this negotiation
from the prcmpts.
4a 11& listen again and complete these sentences. Seller Buycr

1 S 100? Th.11 rather high. ,1) $150 per item

2 1 scc. \Vt'II. l'm no! that wc can go that low. bl cxpcnslvc

el ordcr 2.000,
3 lf ) ou ordcr 1,000, wc offcr 15
discount of 20"\, ..............
4 Wht1t about wc arder 7';0? / dl orrler l ,000
5 Thot's still ,, low. el ordcr 1.000, ,,.

6 about 12.l:j",.? discount of lO"o

-.... f) acccpt discount ui I Oo,
7 ,,C' c,,11 i1 $87? ordcr 1,000, ask to
8 That flnc. $87 por rtcm il is, thcn. / dclivcr in two weeks
gl can't doltvcr in two
4b Which of the sentences above are: wccks. dcfivcr in
a) suggestions, offer:, or proposals! threc wccks. OK?
b) rcactions ur rcplicv to offcrs and proposalsr .............. hl Dl'iinitcl) !
pronunciation
6b Practlse the negotiation with your partner.
S fltl Sentence stress in prcposals Look at thcse
proposals. Which words do you think are stresscd?
Listen, check and repeal.
I TASK, making a deal I
1 \Ne ccn only offor n S" discount on SUO. 7a Work wilh a partner to negotiate a deal.
2 li rou ordcr 1,000, W<..' LJn offer 1 S"o. Student A: Turn to pagc 118.
3 \ vhat ,1bout if wc crclcr 7 50? Student B: Turn to p,ige 1 1 O.

7b After your first negotiation, swap roles.

94 S T U DY A N D
I S TU O Y SKI l l S: giving a short talk 2b Look al Track 2.20 on page 160 and find the
phrases louise uses to:
1 louise works for a company that makes 1 introduce thc first tapie
chocolate. Part of her job is to give talks about the 2 inish a topic
company. Here are four questions she always asks 3 summarisclconcluclc a topic
herself befare she starts to prepare a talk.
4 start .J ncw topic
1 What is the tapie of m)' talk?
2 Why am I going to s.1y il (e.g. lo inform, persuade, 2c Match these phrases with 1-4 above.
amuscl? To summarisc. ... First, l'd like to talk aboet ...

3 Who arn I going 10 talk to? Turning now lo . That's all I want lo say ahnut ...
4 How much time do I havc for thc talk? In conclusion, . lct me bcgin b) -ing .
!lm Listen to the beginning o her talk and answer To conduele, . l'd Hke lo start by + .
questions 1-4 above. 3 Look al the list of things you should do when you
2a EIIII Listen to the second part of lhe talk and prepare a talk. Fill in the gaps with the words in
complete these notes. Write one or two words in the box.
each gap. tharh lnformatlon notes ordcr
practisc proncmiation
Histor of chocoiate
Mayans drscovered chocolate in about 1 AD. 1 Find out sorne intcrcsting .

They made a 2 from roasted cocoa beans 2 Pul your ideas in thc best .

- 'chocolatl'. 3 Makc sorne to hclp )'OU to rcmcrnber

Spread to Altee civilisation (modern 3 ). things in thc tolk.

In 4 , Hemn Corts drank chocolate with 4 Prepare sorne pictures or to make )'our
Moctezuma. points clcarcr.

Corts retumed to Spain in s , taking cocoa 5 Check thc of difficult words.

beans with him.
6 thc talk.
Chocolate became popular with 6 m Spam.

lt took nearly 7 to spread across Europe 4a Prepare a short talk of about two minutes on

because the Spanish kept tt a-- one of these tapies.

In 17th century, chocolate 9 became popular your lifc story

in London. the history of yovr ... (family I univcr<;ity / town /
In 19th century, chocolate became 10 and cil) I Ievourite pop group)
the first eating chocolate appeared.
4b Work in group'i. Take turn'i to give your talk.
When you listen, look at this lisl. How well does the
speaker do these things: very well, OK or needs to
improve?
1 Hc/She welcomcs his/hcr audicncc.
2 He/She tells thc audicncc what he/she is going 10
lalk about.
3 Hc/Shc speaks slow ly and dc.uly.
4 l le/Shc sounds Inrorostcd in what hc/shc is s.1ying.
5 Hc/She tries lo build a rclationship \\ ith his/her
audience.
6 Hc/Shc chOO<iCS voc,1bulary that hclshc thinkc;
thc audicncc will J..now, and cxplains Jn)'
difii1..ult words.
 Moclezuma, the ninth Aztec king

80 @1@1111 Work and industry

 W RI T I N G S KI L L S 94.

- a traditlonal family business In West Afrlca

To begin with, cocoa pods are cut from cecea beans is put on banana leaves,
cocos traes with large knives, taking which are spread out m a circle on the
care no! to damage nearby flowers. ground. More leaves are pul on top to
The women o! the family collect the cover the pile. Aher five to s1x days, the
pods in large baskets, which they cany wet mass of beans ,s dried in the sun.
on their heads. Next, the pods are split lastly, the beans are pul into sacks for
open with a knife and the beans are transport ali over the world.
removed. Foowmq this, a pile of wet

WRITING SKILLS, 7 We usually use thc passive whcn we are

describing a process describing a procesa. Underline the examples of
the passlve in the lexl abovc.
5 The plctures above show thc carly stages o making
8 The piclurcs below show the carly stages o
chocolate. What do you think is the corree! arder? Read
the lext and check. tea production. Write a paragraph describing
the process, using the nouns ancl verbs below
6a linkcrs Sequcncing phrases (c.g. to begin with) and sorne sequencing phrases.
tell us the ordcr in which lhings happen. Undcrlinc thc Use thcsc nouns: il'ld, loavcs, machinc. lc,1
sequcnclng phrascs in the text. pl,1nt,;, PP{ i,11 bcds
Use thcsc vcrbs: crush. dry, gro\\, pick. plnnt
6b Which othcr scquencing phrases do you know?

about a ycar

10-20 hours
about four years

Work and tndustrv @!lll@j 81

 REVIEW
I GRAMMAR

A Olfil'S EEST FfilEN[)P 1 Read the text about diamonds and choose the
correcl form for the gaps 1-10.
Our quick guide to ... diamonds 1 al are going 10 bt would Hkc to l l hope
Most people I ov.n a 2 al form bt are form e) are formcd
diamond. but why? What exactly 3 ,1) uscd to think h! use to think e! uscd thinking
are these stones and why are they 4 ,11 sccmcd using hl sccmcd to use
so specet? Read our qurck gude el secmcd use
and find out!
5 al could own bl can own el O\\O
WI 1at are Lli.:t1 nonds? 6 al succeed in ch.inging h succcodcd to change
Diamonds are the hardest natural el succeedcd in changing

stones on Earth. Tocy -:1_ many 7 al wasn't hl didn't US<.' el didn't usod
USl'<
kilometres below the Earth's
8 al had lo find bt muI find el had lo found
surtace. and come to the surface
only dunng volcanc eruouons. 9 al have to be bt can he c.J ha lo he

Toe stones that "e find now have 10 al kmm n bt is kmm ing el is know n
of course been near the surtace
for thousands of years 2 Complete these scntences with the corred form
of used to, had lo or coufd.
arnnno hislory
1 Thc Jndians hclicvc th.11 di,mmnd:. brouhl
Eary rereerce, to damonds come from locha. where good luck.
people 3_ they brought good luck. eoo from China,

whcre people 4 them as toos. There are many 2 ln the p,1st, mam peoplC' .1fiord 10 buv

references to the stones in Europe 10 the M1ddle Ages. diamonrls lxc:.1usc they ,,erC' ver. C'xpensi\C'.
For examp!e. in the thirteenth century the French Kmg, 3 They savC' thC'ir monc\ for mon!hc; hC'forC'
Loue IX. 1ntroduced a law that sard that only the king thc, could bu\ ,111} jc,,cllcn.
'-- diamonds! But tus people soon 6 the law so that 4 Tnd.1\, people 1cnd to insure their jC'\Hllcr.,, hut in
anyone wah moncy could buy the jewels. lhc past thc, do th,11.
Oiamond industry

The mdustry of rmning camones rs thousands of years I VOCABULARY I

o!d. The mam demono industry 7 to be in Afnca.

as today but m south India. 3a Look al the words in the box below and find:
lt stooped in the eighteenth 1 l\,o ,erh:. umnl'<.tcd \\ith lfilllL'.
century because there were no
2 l\\O other ,,ords conn('(_tC'd \\ ilh crime.
diamonds left. so the mdustry

then B a duterent source 3 lhr{'(' word'i or p<'OplC' al ,,ork.

for the stones. and 1t moved 4 two ,erhs conncclcd ,, ith sl('('ping.
first to Bra21I. and then to
Afnca. Biolog, commit eolle.1gut doze
emplmee e,idtnc.l' fingerprints 'ilaii
Diamonds in
Mathematics PhvsilS sl('('p in sol,e
jewellery

A diamond 9 very gocx:I

quality to become a jewel. wah Oiamonds as symbols
mgh evels of cleamess and Damonds are often symbols of love and
colour. In fact. over 80% of etertuty Many
dtamonds are used in mdustry coup!es exchange damond nngs when they
mamty as cuuing tcols. get mamed.
3b There are three words left in the box. What do
hclong happcn hic;ton inter('stcd
they have in eommon?
r<.l;itionship suceessful
4 Complete the gaps 1-b in the film review on page 83
with nnf' wnrd from each box.
The 60th weddmg anniversary 1'1 as the 'diamond in in o to to ,, 1th
weddmg. svmtonsmg lave Iorever;

82 REVIEW 7-9
 UN I T S 7-9
il OK, th.u sounds fine! D
Blood Diamond j1 Oh, that sccms ,1 bit high 10 me, for ,, play in

1/'Jhen I went to see Blood

our local thcatrc. O
Oiamond last weekend. k! A com.ert? 01\, lct's SC'C what's on. But what
about i W<' go d.,ncing <11 the weekend! D
I wasn't sure 1f rt was an
action movie. or a l) l'm not surc about thal. l'm not that kccn on
the the thcetrc. whars on? D
diamond industry in Africa, ml Hul l'd rather go with vou. D
and I sti!I don't know! But
it doesn't matter- it's a
great film. I LANGUAGE CHECK I
The film tells the story of 7 There is a word missing in each sentence.
Danny Archer (Leonardo
Write it in. Then look back at the pages and
OlCaprio), a man who is
on)y really 2 _
check.
one thing - making 1 You don't havc studv medie ine to be a
money, which means psychologisf. \p,1gc C))
smugghng diamonds from 2 Thc scicncc building b separare 11w rnan
Afnca. He rneets Solomon Vancty. a fisherman whO finds a school. tpagc 61 J
rematkable diamond - enonnous. pure and ver valuable. 3 VI/e belong a classical music group.
However, when tus village is attacked. he runs and leaves tpogc 61)
the dfamond there. The strny then fo!lows Solomon's

'-- Archef, as they oin together to fild \he 4 They had ,;olvC' lhC' crinw VN) quicl,.,ly.

oiamond. and of course, al! the frightening thmgs that (p.igl' 61)

'-- them. The film has a social side - IOOking 5 l u<;ually aslccp vcry quicklv whcn I go to

at the way the First World takes things that 5 _ hC'cL cpagt 661
other countnes, but at the same time lt's an exciting movie 6 \Vhen are you going s!ar1 the coursc?
wrth an 1nteresting story1ine. (page 6CJ)
lf you want to find out if the men ares ther 7 \Vould vou prt'l'f '-l'l' ,, ilm m ;i play
search for the diamond, you'II have to go and see the film! (pagc 71)
My ratJng: 8 \\e rlidn't u,;c take long lum.h brcuks.
{page 7l
9 Silvcr USC'd in a lot uf jcwellery. (pugc 771
I KEY LANGUAGE 10 TllC' prices sccm h11 high !o me. (pagf' 79)

5 flD Listen to Anna and Rob talking about what to

do. Who would prefer somcthing active? Who would
I LOOK BACK I
rather go to a concert? 8 Find the exercise in Units 7-9 where you:
6 Pul these lines rom the conversation in order. Then llstcn to .in in1cr\ le\\ with ,1 orcn<;il scicntisL
listen again and check. tUnit 71
a Mmm, t'm more interested in somethtng active. 1 think learn thc r1.1mcs of sorne scicn!ific subjcus.
l'd rathcr go danclug. D {Unil 7l
b! Thcrc's ,1 plav b, Davld 1'1,mwl. The tlckets are f20, desuilw ,1 thart .ibou1 UK c,c1rninatinn,;,
florfW.D (Unil 7J
e) l'm borcd. LPI'<; go out this evcnlng. E] lisien to a 1all,., ,,hou1 the impor1,mcc of slcep.
dr lf \OU go ,, ith ri('nd,;;, 1'11 cook a rcally nicc
}OUr
(Unit 8)
dinncr for uc on Sunda}, D plan ,1 nigh1 out. (Uni1 81
('\ \Ve\\, wh<1\ wm1\d ynu prefor \o du O ,wilc .:i. shmt stol"\. IUmt 81
( 1 don't know. look. wh} don't you go dancing ,,ith ta lk alxlul what t lassmatcs US(.'CI to do. (Un! <)
your friends al thc \\l't,kend? D rcad abou1 thc u,;cs of gold. (Unit 91
gl I don't fanq d,:mcing. l'd prcfcr to go to a conccrt. D givt a short t,1lk. IUnit <))
ht OK. J'd lmt to go lo thc theatro. 1 hcvcn't bren for
.igc,;. D
REVIEW 7-9 83
 Global affairs
10.1 UNITED NATIONS

I SPEAKING
The United Nations isan orpanlsaton that w0<1<s
in many different areas. In order to carry out its work, the
1a What do you know about lhe United Nations
UN has a large department of lnternational civil servants (the
(the UN)? Discuss thesc questions with a partner.
SecretariaQ. The head of this UN department Is the Secretary
1 When \\J<; thc UN foundcdt General and there are about 9,000 other staff members. Toe
2 How m,m tountrie are 110\\ UN rncmberv' Secretary General is responslble far the day-to-day
3 whcrc ,., thc UN bcadquattcr .. ? organisaUon of the UN and lts many projects.
4 whcrc j,; thc curren! St.ue1.ir General from? As well as these work responsibilitles. the Secretary General
5 Whid1 of thc-c activ itie,; is the UN no1 lnvolved is a symbol or lace of the United Nalions He or she Is aso a
with? spokesperson for the people of the world and can ask the UN
to help with difficult situations in the WOfld
Aid and p<'.UC kcoping Childrcn's right<.
Rt>ligiou<, t-c!uc ation Iconornic dcvclopmcnt
The Secretary General also chooses the Messengers of
Peace. These people publicise tne vlOO( of the UN and they
lntern.uiorul [u-th e Enterutnmont are chosen trom thf! elds of sns. lserature end sports.
Messengers of Peace have included luc:iano Pavarotti (opera
1 b IID listen and check your auswers.
slnger} af'\d Muhammad Ali (boxe.

I READING l 2b Are thcsc stalemcnts true or false, or does the

tcxl not say?
2a Read this cntry rom an encyclopaedia. What is
the main subjccl o the textt
1 Ihc UN hclps prorcct ondangcrcd aninMI.
1 tlu- wur], o thc United Nations 2 Thc Sccrctartat managcs thc UN'( rl,,il\ buclm-.
2 ukhritit" ,,ho ,,orl.. fnr thc Secretar, CPn1 r;il 1 3 Thc SL'Ll'1M\ Ccncr,r! ., ven \\tll pald.
3 tc 'icuetar Genero! ,111d hi-, her dcpartmcnt 4 Tlu- 5l'{ rctarv Ccucr.tl can roqucst 1h,1t tln- UN
<olvcs ,, problcm.
5 Thcr ountrlcs in thc Unltcd Natinnv tlt'll thc
1\-\('<,(('!1:\('fS of Pe.u e.

6 Tlu- Mecngers oi Poacc tell thc \\orld about tht

Uf\.'s work.
7 Politid.111 (,"1 bccome M(<.,$tngN of l'cocc.

84 flHIHI Global afair<:

 10.1
I LISTENING I GRAMMAR: present ccntinuous
for future arrangements
The Secretarv General's schedule of activities and
meelings is available on the UN wcbsite. 5 Look al these sentences and answer the
questions below,
3a flD listen lo Beth tell the web designer about
al A1 1 r .15 he's meeting the S\ rian Forcign Minislcr.
the Secretary General's appointments for next week.
bJ Aftcr lunch. he's sceing 1lu..' Prcidenl !J tbc Sccuntv
How many meetings docs he deinitely have?
Coundl.
3b listen again and answer these questions. el He rmght phonc thc British Prime Miniq(r.
1 Whr-n i-, he meeting thc S) ri,m Forcign Ministcr? 1 ArC' thcsc ntcoccs abcur tho prcsent or thl' iuture?
l \Vho /,.; IK rm.>cring .it p.m. on Mond.iy? 2 In whic h <crucnce is thc J1Jio11 nut Cl'!am!
3 \ Vhich comrniucc is he talking tu on Tucsda,
We can use the prcsent continuous to talk about
a! 10 cl.rn.?
fixcd futurc arrangemcnts and rnectlngs. Thcse
4 Who i ht meeting al { p.m. on Tucsdav! arrangcments often involvc other peoplc and we
5 Wherc is he goini4 on \ vcdncsday morning? Wh)? usually give thc time or place o thc action or cvcnt.
6 Whn is he meeting .11 12 p.m. on \Ved1ll'sdav?
GRAMMAR TIP
VOCABULARY: people Whcn we talk about futuro plans, wc can use
and organisations e.. lthcr the prcscnl conrinuous ar going to with littlc
change in meaning. Whcn we want lo show the
4a Pul these words into lwo groups: A for plan is more arrangcd or fixed, wc use tho prcscru
individuals and B for groups of pecple. continuous, cspecially whcn we glvc the exact
lime of the arrangemcnL
ambasvrdor ass-tant civil servara
language rerereoce and extra practice, pages 1-14- HS
commtcc dopartrnent hcad o a dcpartmont
mtntster prcsidcnt spckcsperson srafl 6 Jane Goodall an authot) and luciano Pavaroui (a
singer) are UN Mcssengers of Peace. Complete their
4b Match sorne o the words ebove wilh lhese appointments diaties for ncxt week.
dcfinitions. Write dcfinitions for the other words. Student A: Turn to paP,C 1 :W.
1 ,, group of pc'op)c wbo mee! regul.irl)' and m.ikt Studcnt B: Turn to p,1gc 12 l.
importan! decisior
2 polltk ion with ,m irnport,inl guvomment nb
.1 I SPEAKING AND WRITING I
J ene part nf J tomp,'.m) or organisntlon
4 somconc \'-'ho represente and spccks for a group of 7 a lnterview your classmates to find out what they
pcoplc ur an org.inisnion are doing in thc next week. Make notes of their
answers.
5 <omcono \\ ho holps a more senior collcaguo
\ 1 /,/ an 1 ou cloing lonight thi, 11 ('<'J...en
- f'm going IO /lit' cifwma 011 Sa111rrlt1h ,llld on
Suml<l} /'m ...

7b Wrile a paragraph to summarise your class's

social arrangements.

Global affairs HJll@ifj 85

- I SPEAKING
BIG BUSINESS

1 look al this list of companies and answer the questions.

BI> Coca-Cola Fiat Cooglo Honda 181\\ 1\\cDos1.1ld'<:
Ncstl Nintcndn Nokla Phillps Sarncung Shc Son}
1 \\lhat do !hC) do/produce/
2 In \\ hith countrv clid thc) start!
3 \Vould you hkc lo work for thcm?

I READING I
2a Read the text about Microsoft. How did Microsoft
changc bctween 1975 and 2007?
2b Which decade do thc following statements go with
1 Pcoplc in the USA thought that MiuosoI was thc top
cornpanj.
2 Thc company st.mcd making software ahroad.
3 Satos o one particular product wen- vcrv goocl.
4 Microsoft hclpcd pcople ancr Ihc terrible cvcnts in thc
lndian Occan.
(
5 Cates ,md Allcn startcd tho cornpany.
6 Mic.rmoft bccamc more lntcrcstcd in scllmg r-omputerc to
peoplc than to companics.
The seventies and eighties (1975-1989)
7 Mit rooft had prohlcms in Europc.
Microsoft was set up m Albuquerque (New Me,uco,
3 Find words in the text that mean: USA) m 1975 by 8111 Gales and jus fnend Paul Allen.
1 .m idea th,11 vou thtnk is true The two men wcrc guidcd by behcf mat every
desk m every oflce. and every home, should have
2 thc programs that J competer uxcc to do diffcrent [obs
a computer, so they started to 00\telop software for
3 g,1\C' most o it, time or ottontlon to !hi, personal computers At first, the company
4 ,ltl ,1rt'.l n lanrl wherc comp.mv tor Llll\.C'r<;it\ 1 buddlngs .m- concentrated on sellmg to busmesses In the late
5 .i short. clcvcr phroso tha! is Lf'<I in adccrtislng l970s. M1oosuh moved to the Seanle area lt 1s still
based there today. on 1ts own 'corporate campus' 1n
6 madc J ncw product availablc
Redmond. In the m1d 1980s, Microsoft was grow,rg
4 What do you think were the tbree rnost importan! ycars rap1dly and chose the Republic of lreland as the
for Microsoft? locaton o rts first product,on facility outs1de the USA
By the end of that decade, however, anrtudes were

I GRAMMAR: past simple passive

chang1ng 1n the USA, and the company was crit1c1sed
for makmg 1ts employees work too hard!

Wc often use thc past simple passive to lalk about the

history of something (c.g. an organisation), cspectaltv
when we are more intcrcsted in 'what happcncd' than
in 'who did it'.
\li< rrNift was sel up in /97'i.
\ \ 'inc/ows (} 'i was refeased.
f1f,1n wcre announced 10 clt'\ C'lop ie e ,1mp1h m R('(/mond.

5a Find other examples of the past simple passive in the text.

5b Wc form the past simple passivc with was/wcrc and thc
past participle o the verb. How do we make negarives and
questlonst
l ,mguage reerence and extra practice. page1o 144-14'i

86 li!lii,j Global affaire;

 BIG BUSINESS 10.2
6a Use these prompts to make qucstions about the starl of the
ltalian company Fiat.
1 Whcn Fiat set up? \\'hf'n 1\,1 Fic11,e1 up?
2 Wherc cars / test I in thc c,1rl} }C,1rs?
J \Vhcn car ortccrts aim al womcn for thc firsl lime?
4 Whkh ncwspapcr . bu) I b\ Fiat in Jq26, Comoro cle//.J Scra or
L., St,unpa?
5 What set up in thc late l 920s?
6 whcrc Fiat cers construcr in thc carl) J t}JO'-?

The nineties (1990-1999)

1994 Microsoft Encarta was launched - the
hrst encyclopaedra that was destqned to run
6b EID Listen and check your questions.
on a computer. The company slogan was also
changed to: 'Where do you want to go today?' 6c !111 Listen again and note the answers. Then compare with
1995 W1ndows 95 was released, and more than a partner.
a million copies were sold in the first four days.
The company focus moved from business to the 7 Complete this text with the past simple passive or active
consumer. MSN, the Microsoft Networlc online form of the verbs in brackets.
service, was also launched, and quickly became (set upl in Taegu, Korca, in I q W b\ Byung-Chull
Samsung 1

one of the fargest Internet service providers.

LL-c. At thatlime, Samsung General Srorc ts nrigin,11 namc
1996 Microsoft was named the company that
'-- (St.lll dricd fish, vcgctablcs and fruil to China. Samsung
Americans respected and admired the most. (which mearte thrcc srars in Korean) 1 tgrowl quickly
1997 Microsoft opened rts headquarters in

India, now the second largest after its US

In thc 1970s, Samsung -i (movel into indusll) and mam new
headquarters Samwng compantes ,; tcrcatej. o.g. Samsung Shiphuil<iing.

1999Gates's book Business O the Speed Ouring this decade, Samsung also <, tdcvclopt its home

clcctronics business. In 1976, thc one millionlh black-and-w hite

of Thought was ccbhebed. The book shows
TV --- (produce). Thc nevr vcar, colour tclov isions 11
how computer technology can salve business
(C'xport) for the firvt lime.
problems in new Wa'fS. lt is now published in
25 languages and 1s evaileble m more than In the I qn0s, Samsung ''-- !pul) its t.'tll'rgk into tcchnologv,
{fJ countnes and ne,.,. producls 10 tinlroduceJ to the global mark<'t. In

1 %7, Samsung's Chairman, B) ung-Chull l.t.>c, 11 {diel ater

The 'noughties' (since 2000) almos! 50 )ears in charge o the comp..1rw. l lis son, f..un-Hcc l.cc,
"-- !hecomC') thc- new chairman o Samsung.
2001 Windows XP was released worldwidc.
2004 Microsoft gave $3.5 rrnlhon for reliel and
recovery efforts after the Asian tsunami. Bill I SPEAKING I
Gates himsell has given over $30 billion to
support projects in global health and learmng. 8 Discuss these questions in small groups.
In th.s year Mcrosolt Iaced lega! action from 1 In wh,1t ,,av do thc comp;mies on thest p..1ges ,1ffecl vour life?
the European Union far unfair ccmcettncn
2 Do }OU think lhat big companies have too much f)(),,er?
2006 Plans were announced to develop the
campus in Redmond. J Do ou think thC) are good or bad for societv?
2007 Microsoft Windows Vista was launched.
4 Whilh do )OU think arC' more llO\\Crful, gmernmcnl<; or hig
companics

Global affairs lllhl(IJ 87

 I SITUATION I KEY LANGUAGE: addingemphasis

1 a Where was the last Summcr Olympic Carnes 3a !ID Adverbs Listen and complete thesc
held? Did you watch any of il? Did your country win
sentences frum thc extracts.
any medals?
1 Wc'II crea te an 01) rnpic park which is
1b Which thrce dties below have never yet hosted scvcn minutes frnrn thc centre o I ondon.
the Summer Olympic Carnes? Check your answers 2 Hall of thc vcnucs will be uvo minutes frorn
on page 115. thc athlctes' eccommodatton.

Amstcrdam Athcns Bcrlin Lo'> Angeles Madrid 3 ten per cent wiH be more than l\\t11ty
Mclbourne Mcxiu> Cit)' i\los(m, N('\\ York minu!cs away.

Osaka Paris Scoul 4 Athlctcs will be ,1 short walk trom thc rnain
stadium.
2a Elm In 2005, london won the compelition

to host the Olympic Carnes in 2012. lisien to four 5 The Olvmpic park \\ ill be sevcn mimucs
extracts from the presenlalion that was rnade by the from central London hv tron.
British Olympic Commillee anrl match thern with
the tapies a-d. 3b We can use just and on/y lo ernphaslse how
small something is. In thc sentences above. is the
a) tr,msport
emphasis positive or negative?
hl tbc sports facilith-s
e) accornmodatlon for athlctes 4 Adjeclives These adjectives were used in
the presentation. Can )'OU rcmember what they
d) London's spcclel ambion for the Gamcs
described? Look al Track 2.26 on page 161 lo check.
What othcr adjectives can you find?
2b Are thesc sentences true or false? listen again
and check. 1 rnagical memorable
1 Thc urg,mi.,l'r'> wanr thc Gamos 10 cncouragc 2 world-d.rss rn,1gniiccn!
cluldron to play sport. 3 modcrn comfcrtcblo
2 Nonc of thc sports vcnues alrcady cxi<it'>. 4 hlgh-specd comprehensivo
3 Thc Olvmpic p.irk will be lcss than ten minutes
from thc e it) centre.
4 Thc Olyrnpc stedrum will have 1 8,000 scats.
5 Man)' veuues will be a long W.J)' from thc athlcrus'
acccmmodatton.
6 Toe athlctcs will sl,l)' in single rooms.
7 Ten train and undcrground linos go to the vences.
8 Visitors to thc gamcs don't havc to pay to use thc
trains and buses.
 An Olympic bid 10.3
pronunciation I TAS K: making a presentalion
5a [ID Pausing and emphatk ..trt"<;S When you
givc a talk or presentation, it is important to pause 7 a The IOC is choosing the nexl city for the
and to emphasise key words. Listen and rnark the Olympic Carnes. The choices are New York, Madrid
pauses like this //, and underlinc the words with and Osaka. Work in groups of slx (rair A, B and C).
extra stress. Each pair is going to prepare a short presentation
aboul one of the dtics.
Hrct. \\t' want to deuvcr il m,1git,1\ expcnoncc.
Pair A: Turn lo pagc 122.
,lrl chx 1rit\ ing atmosphcre for cornpctltors .md
Pair B: Turn lo pago lli.
srxx.totors. Our aim i<; tu inspire )UUllV, pcoplc in
Pair C: Turn to pagc 120.
13ri!,llll and ,lUOSS thc world to pl,iy sport.

Sb listen again and rcpeat. 7b Take turns to gfve your presentation to your
group and listen to the other presentations. Make
Se Look al Track 2.26 un page 161. Practise saying notes under these headings.
the first scnlences o each section. Experimcnl wilh Location. population and 11e.11hcr
lhe pausing and stress. Spt'li,11 ombitionzconccpt Sports vvnucs
6 Wurk with a partner. Use adverbs, adjectlves and Athleh"i' accommodetion Transpon
ernphatic stress to talk about your city or country. 7e Which presentation do you think was the best!
Think about thc buildings, lransport, facilities and
evcnts.
f h(rp i5 ,, tomprt'hn1:,i\ P pvhlic lr,mporl 1 ,tt-'m. OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
I 1tn H',ir then ., a (C',/i1,1f 1\ith ,1 '>fJt'(/,1<.uf,1r We are herc lo represen! ...
fin1wr/.. di,pl.J). Thc speclal ambltion or our citv is ...
Thcrc are four main poinrs.
Hrst o all, .
Secondly, .
Finally, ...

L Li_ L
---==-......;;;;;:,,,,,
89
 STUDY SKILLS,
improvin, your listening
1 The skill of lislening There are two main kinds of
Hstening: listening for the general idea and listening
for detail. look back at the listening exerclses in this
coursebook and find sorne for each kind.

2 Listening in English Make a list o different

siluations when you listen to English (e.g. watching
films, listening to lectures). Which are the easiest /
most difficult for you? Why? Do they involve listening
for the general idea, fisfening for cletail, or both?
There are a number of things we can do before we
listen which can help us to understand better and
gel thc information we need.
1 Wc can use our knowlcdge of thc tapie.
2 We 1.:.1n gucss what thc speaker will say.
3 Wc can gucss thc vocabularv thc speaker will use.

3a Activate your knowledge You are going to listen

to a talk about lnterpol, the international police 5 lmportance markers The speaker uses a number
organisation. What do you know about it? Describe of phrases to show that what he is saying I going to
the lntcrpol emblem. What do you Lhink it means? say is importan!. Can you complete these sentences?
look al the underlined sentences in Track 2.29 on
3b Predicting content Here are sorne questions page 162 and check.
you can ask yourself before you listen to the talk. 1 lntcrpol now has 184 mcrnber countries. And let
Can you add two ar three more questions? me out that it's those ccunrrics that pay for it!
1 Wherc is lntcrpol bascd? 2 Don'! rhat ruost Intcrpol officcrs stay in thcr

2 How rnany pecplc work or it? own cuuntry.

3 But, and I rnust your a11cnlion to this, wc
3c Predicting vocabulary Which of these words do
never break thc law in any country.
you think the speaker will use?

4 OnC' o our is problcms conncctcd with drugs.

accommodation boxcr crirnc criminal

databascs cntcrtalnmcnt financia! fingcrprints 5 Another important is trufcktng in hurnnn

hcadquartcrs languagcs laws litcraturc boings.
mcrnhcr poi ice forces prioritics slogan staf 6 Anothcr priority is Iinancial crime.
7 Ihc importan! thlng wc do is 10 runa global
4a !ED listen to the talk. Does the speaker talk polir-o rommunlcetlon systcm.
aboul any of the things in your questions in Exercise
8 lmponant thlng wc do is 10 prevido trntntng
Jb? What does he say about them?
courses far national pollee forces.
4b Listen again. Did you hear any of lhe words you
6 Do you think lnterpol is an important or usefu1
chose in Exercise Je?
organisation? Why I Why not?

Eddie (Jackie Chan) cnlists lhe

help of British lnterpol agent
Nicole (Claire Forlanil in lhe film
The Medaffion.
 W R I TI N G SKI L L S 10.4
WRITING SKILLS, 9b Where can you find thesc things in the text?
a for and against essay Write I for inlroduction, MB for main body and C for
condusion.
7 Discuss these questions in small groups. 1 ,, statcrncnt nf 1hc writcr's npinion
1 Are thcrc ,1 lot o CCTV (doscd c.lrcuf 2 :i <;tatcmcnt of 1hc 1mport,mcc of 1hc uhj<'cl
rclcvlson) cameras in your town? 3 ck\clopmcnt of imporl,1111 ideas
2 Whcrc do you usually find thcmt 4 ,1 st.,tcmcnt of 1hc writt-r\; .1ims
3 Do vou lhink thcy ere ,1 goorl !hing Why I 5 a summary o thc main points
Wlw not?
4 l lm, do thcy rrukc rou feel? 1 Oa Underline the phrases that are used in the text
to talk about advantages and disadvantages.
Ba Zeina is a student in london. Read her
cssay about CCTV cameras. Does she mention 1 Ob Use thc table to make senlences about
any o the things you discussed in Exercisc 7? Zeina's opinions.

TI1c m.1in !he go,ernnll'n1 has spcnt

The advantages and disadvantages achan1,1gc of ,1 lot o monc} on 11ll'm.

of CCTV cameras The m.iin ccrv the} hclp to c,,t<.h

dis.1dv.1nt,1gc of carncrl<; is Lrirninak
Thcrc are now four mitlion CCTV carneras in thc
One of thc gO(xl th,,t pcoplt are w,11Lhing u,;
UK. That mcnns (me camera for cvcrj fourtccn
pcoplc. lf} ou tlvc in London. you are cuugtn on xiints ,1hout ,,11 thc time.
camera 300 times cvcry day. Tbis ..., bccoruing Ont o thc bad ordin,1ry pcoplc fecl s..1fcr.
a ,cry importanr ssuc in our livcs. How i, it poinl<; ,,hout
affccting u,'! Thi,; cssay wi!l considcr whcthcr
CCTV carucru-, are gocd or bwJ for us. 11 linkcrs Study the use o the linkers although,
on the other hand and thcrcfore in the text. Then
One M!TiOU'- disadvantagc o CCTV cameras i,
complete these sentences.
thm II b tlifficult to lim.1 privare pfucc-, in our
citics. Pcoplc are wnrchlug u, cverywherc \\C go. 1 CCTV c.,1mcras c,rn catch criminals,
Anothcr pmblcm with thcm is thar. bccausc rhcrc they ,1re C'Xpcnsive.
are so nmny orrhcm. thc govcrnrncrn hai. -pcru u 2 Thcrt aa ,l nurnhcr o good poinls nbout
lot o moncy nn thcm. this. , 1hcrc are many more bad points.
On thc othcr hanct. u major advantagc i, that thcy 3 1 herc is VCT\ lil1IC' data abou1 this. , it is
hclp to cmch crimiunls und preven: cdmc, fmrn diff ul1 to rc.1ch clcar conclusions.
happcning in thc fir.t place. Anothcr advantugc 4 A (art-cr in thc poi ice force could be vcry
i,; thnt ordinary pcop!e fccl safcr and havc mure 1ntcrcsting. , it might be dangerous.
Frccdom 10 lcnd thcir livcs as thcy wivh. 5 thc crime r,1tc is going rlown, pcoplc
To sum up. are thc carneras good or had'! Thi-, i, sornc1imcs f('('J !css s;:ifc.
a difficull qucwlon to un .. wcr. Although we fccl
safcr. cvcry movc \\C rnakc l-, -ccn h) soruconc. 12a Work with a partner. Discuss the advantages
somcwhcrc. Thcrcforc. wc might gct more and disadvantages o these topics.
rccdom in ,omc wn)',. but wc to-e it in othcr 1 having a 101 more policc officcrs on lhe s1rec1s
wuys. Pcrhap-, e nced 11101\! time to undcrsumd of OLJr tities
thc cffccts nf thi-. but I pcoonnlly 1hink thut thc 2 polkt forc.cs having a lot more fcmJlc
advmnagcs are grearcr rhan thc dl-ndvamagc-. oic t'r'-
3 using pl,1in-tlo1hcs policc (i.e. poi ice no1
in w1iform)
8b Do you agree with the ideas in this essavt 4 scnding crimin,tls who ,,re not dilngcrous
to prison
9a Match these headings a-d with lhe
paragraphs of the essay. 5 lntcrpol

,l) ach,1,,r.1<'" c l introdu<.1ion 12b Write a far and againsl essay on one of
bl conclusion d rlisadvamogcs the tapies above.
Which of thcsc orm the main body o thc essayl

Global affairs 91
 The environment
11.1 GLOBAL WARMING

SPEAKING AND Dunng the long tustorv of our planet, the climate
VOCABULARY: global warming has often changed far natural reasons. Ttus is
because the energy that we get from the sun
1 Discuss these questions with a partner, changes regularly. The planet was warmer dunng
1 what are thc causes of gloh,11 \\arminp.? the ume of the dtnosaurs, and dunng the ice age
2 \Vhal .H(' thc eC'CIS oi glob,11 \,,1rming? Use thc rt was four degrees lower than today. However,
word<; in the box. nowadays the climate rs chang1ng faster than
ever befare. This rap1d change, known as global
thc Arctic ralnforcsts glac_icr <:c.1 ice
warm111g, 1s causad by the current h1gh levels of
sea tcvcls coral rccfs tcmpcrature drought
cerbcn droxide (C02) in the atmosphere.
extreme weathcr
There has been C02 m the atmospbere far m1llions
3 l.; cllmatc chango ,1 ncw phcnomcnon! of years. Ammals produce C02 when they breathe,
and plants use rt to make energy and oxygen. The
I READING I co2 that ts not used by plants forms a blanket in

the atmosphere. In a posrnve way, thrs blanket

2a Read this essay and underline informalion that traps the sun's energy and keeps the planet warm.
you didn't know. Compare with a partner. However, C02 is atso produced when we burn
a1I, coal and gas - the fossil fuels. Because of
2b Rcad the texl again and answer these questions. tlus. the amount of C02 m the atmosphere is now
1 \Vh,11 cau-es natural climatc chango and wh,11 hrgher than at any time in the last 600,000 years.
G1lJ<;('S global ,,.irming!
The C02 blanket is getting tbcker and thicker, and
2 Is thoro .m thing good aboul C01? rtus means the ptanet is gemng notter and honer.
3 \Vh) is thcrc more CD.! in the atmosphere than Thrs rs causmq the raoo chmate change and n is a
IA cr beiorl'?
danger to Irte on ttns planet.
4 \\lhat prohlem docs a thk ker CO .! blankct cause!

92 @jfill fhe envtronment

I LISTENING
1 IJo thcw wntcncc-, rcfcr lo finishc<l or unnehcd
lime pcrio<ls?
2 \'\'hith ecntcoccs describe rcpeatcd or c.ontinuous
3a EIIIJ Listen to part of a documentary about
global warming. Number these topics in order (1-6). actlon
3 \\lhich onc_,.; describe <il.Jlc...,?
,l) thc prr-scnter's opinion D
bl ralnforcsts D \1\/e can use the present perfect corulnuous to
describe repeated or continuous actions that
et computcr rnodcls D continue up to now. \Ve do not usuallv use it with
dt thc Arctic D statc vcrb ...
el coral rccfs D language rcference and extra practn.e. agC 146-147
fl <.c.,1 Icvcls and thc P,icifk. islande D 5 Complele these scntenccs with thc presenl
3b lisien again ancl answer these questions. percct simple or continuous of the verbs. Which
verbs are slale verbst
1 Hm, long h.tc thc prescmcr been a .,t_icntist?
1 Sra levclv quitkh or thc lavt ltn vc.rrc. iri,tl
2 How long hc1s slw bccn a doc_umcnl,ll)' m,1kcr!
2 \\'C' ,1houl gloh,11 ,,arming or ten vcars.
J \'\'h,1t doc-, ehc nocv bclicvc/
Iknow
4 Where doos lohn Watts worJ...?
3 Wt oil -tncc thc indus1ri,1I rcvoluuon. !U<;Cl
5 \Vh is lifr gctting h,1rdcr for thc poi.u hc.,ir,;?
4 l lm, long_ vou _ ,1 "ticn1isl! llx.I
6 \Vhy ore thc Pacifk islands drsappe.irtngr
5 Hm, long_ <be _ documcntartcsr lm,1ke1
7 \Vh.Jt t, h,1pwning in thc. rainforcsts!
6 \Vh) ore coral rccfs d, ing? 6 Complete these queslions with the presenl
9 Look .11 thc graph. \Vha1 do thc 1,,0 ltncs ho,,? perfccl simple or conlinuous of the verbs. Then ask
and answer the questions with your partner.
1 Hm, Ion.:_ H)U _ lnglish? tlo.rrnt
2 1 le"' long_ ,ou _ }OUr hc,t 1riLncl? rknow 1
3 Hm, long_ )OU _ to lhi<i (h1x1I? !tOOW!
.i 11011 long_ )OU _ }OUr lUrttnt h.1ir <;ll'lt?
I h,1\ el
5 Are vou n...iding a nmt..I ,11 thC' rnomcnt? Hm, long
n1u il? irc<1tll
6 Do )OU h,l\C' .:ijoh? l l<m long _ vm1 _ il?
!h,l\CI

I SPEAKING
3c The presenter says we have to produce less
7 How much do )'OU agree wilh these statements?
C02. How can we do that? Discuss with a partner.
Give them a mark out of 5 (1 = complclely disagree;
5 - complctcly agree). Compare your opinions with
GRAMMAR: present )'Our parlner and discuss thc statements.
perfect continuous 1 Wc t.in'1 !op gloh.il \\Mming. lt\ loo 1,1\<.'.
2 1\.h gmLrnmtnl h,1 l.x.'l'l1 doing .i lot to n'flu
4 look at these sentences and answer thc glob,111,.1rming.
questions.
3 NlJClcar pm,cr .. thc l)('<;l \\,1' to rcplacc '.;,il
aJ l'vc bccn a ,ticntist or O\N ..JO vcars. fucl po\\L'r.
hl I\L' bccn m,1king n.uure documentarlos or rhc l,l'i!
4 Thcrc hould h<' an cxtr,1 t..'lo-t,1, on llighl,
I\\ l'll!) VC',l<;.
c1 l\l' lx-cn ,,orking hcrc slnce 1980. 5 Thc \\.l) 1 liw rll} lifo i<; b.ul for tlw tmimnmtnt.
d) 1 t.an <ihm\ how thc tcmpcraturc 01 thc plonet lw; 6 Wind form, are ugh ,incl <;houldn't l:x. ln1ilt in
bccn e h.1nging for thc lust 1 00 )C.H'i. hc,1uti1ul pi.in'"

Thc environment 191111 93

11.2 WASTE NOT, WANT NOT

VOCABU LARY: containers 2 (

1
and materials

1 a Work with a partner. What do you lhink the photo on

page 95 shows? Check your answer on page 110.

1b Match thcse words for containers with pictures 1-8.

hottlc box cnn/tin c.mon

j,ir pockct poi tuhc
4
Match these materials with the containers.

alurniniurn cerdboard gfass metal papor plastic

1e What do you do with containers when they are emptyr

I READING I 5
6
2a Read this email discussion thal appearcd in a national
newspapcr. Which o these best describes Kevin and
Alicia?
1 Kcvin is l consumcr and Alfca works for a supcrmorkct.
2 Kcvin i ,1 [oumalst and Alhl.r \\ork,;; 111 thc packaging
industrv. 8
3 Kovin works for an org.misotion thot protccts thc
7
C'fl\ i ronnwnt and Ale ia work'i for thc gnvernrm..-nt.

Dear Alit'it1 S1ew11r1. /)l!llr Alicia. prnblcm on thc packug111g imlutf).

On my way home from work 25 1 -cc. ltowcvcr. thc fct i that hcrc t'onumcr:. :md g1i1crnmcnt, :1ln
ycstcrday. 1 stoppcd off al my local in thc UK. 11c thruw II hugc amounl su nccd to .,,.- m:1io11. Tlw anwunt 111'
supcrnmrkct. Among othcr things. 1 of packaging a11:1y 4.6 milhon packaging 11 aLc tlwt '!, rcco1 crcd and
5 wantcd to buy a couplc of coconuts. tonncs evcry ycnr. Ali rbosc caus. rcc}clcd in thc UK lm, bccn going
Whcn r pickcd thcm up. 1 \1 ns umnzcd jurs and bows add nhout .U!IO a ycar up for Mime time. h nm, umd, :u
th11t cach cocouut \\ u 1\ rupped in JO to thc nvcrngc food hill. Thc maiu 6J0o. bul thb cnunlf) record i,
clcar. lhin plnstic. lsn'"t this thc rnost supcnnnrkcts gi1..- l 7 billion plasuc SS poor cnmpared \\ith othcr lurox:an
stupid exnmplc of packaging evcr? bngs out u ycar. In uddiuon. our coumric,. \\'ha1 nwrc. c,cn 11ith
10 Rcgards. Kevin \/f'Cahf! srrccts nrc full of packaging mbbish biodcgrndablc matcrial<i. it\ nol
such as \1 mcr boulcs. crisp packcts. cnnughJUSI to pul ruhbih in a holc in
thc ground. \\ ithout un. air am.t \\ a,cr.
Dct1r Kc1i11, 35 noodlc pots and plnstic hog". rsn't it
your rcsponsibility 10 do somcrhtug 60 a rubbish hJg th:tt hould break up in
You\c pickcd 11n unusual cxamplc of
about thi? titlccn d11p could ti11 c,il hundrcd
packaging. but thcre is a rcnson for
of)l'(U'S from 11011. That', :1 problcm
this. Supenuarkcts warn to nmkc surc Yours. Kevn
for pl:rnncr:.. Rcmcmh.:r too. that
15 thut coconuts rcach thc consumcr in changcs in oc,ct) lll'C go1ng on ,1hil"h
thc \ crybest condition. Thc p:1ckaging l)eur Kevin.
f,5 :tffcct th..- amount of pack:1ging 1h:11\
hclps to kccp thc product Ircsh: it 40 As o maucr of foct. 11c ore doing pnxluccd. Pcnplc are hu) ing morc all
cuis down the demngc if rhe product omcthing. A lot ofthought 11011 g01:
into 1hc dcign of packaging. so th:1t thc tinw. Al,o. mol\.' and mnrc p>t1pk
gcts brokcn: it stops ccconut hairs are li1 ing :iltHll' a11CI lh.') 're l'.lling
20 from gctting into othcr food during in many cac \IC use thc mnimum
more co111..-11icncc food. So e\ Cf) ntll'
truuspcrt nnd it ullows supcnnarkcts mnount ofmnlcrial. \\'crc also using
70 h.i to pull tn;cthcr 0111h1,.
to put on an infonnation labcl. 45 more biodcgradablc mutcriul and
Yours .. llida
Bcst 11 ishcs. A/ida thcsc cnd up mainly as \\Ulcr \apour.
Out p,.'Oplc shouldn't just blnmc thi

94 C,@1111 Thc envtronmcnt



2b
WASTE NOT, WANT NOT

According to the tcxt, which two sentenccs are corrccl? 4 Complete these sentences with the
....
-

1 Thcrc ore no argumcnts to suppcrt wrapping coc cmns. particles in the box. (The phrasal vcrbs
are rom the texl and earlier in the
2 Pcoph- in thc UK are pa) ing nL.irh LSOO .1 veer for iood
coursebook.) Then ask and answer the
),1Cls,1ging.
questions with a partner.
3 Ke, 111 thinkv that thc packaging industrv rnu reduce thc
,1111oun1 of p,icls;iging w,151l'. awav bnck clown (x2l
-1 Thc paLkaging industrv is no1 concomed about thc nrnount o
out (x2l up (x2)
p,ick.1ging ,,.1qe th.n is pnxluccd in the UK.
1 Did prccs ge or clown la<;1 }'ISH?
5 Thc UK rccyclcs mure p,Kk.iging w.istc 1h,11111w1y o111l'r
2 \Vhat's thc most hucrestlng thing
Furopcan countrlcs.
you'vc found rccen!I}?
6 Ch,mgt in soc il't\ havc little cffcct on hnw much pal k,1ging
3 Havc vou evcr carricd .m
\H' uso. rcscan h?
2c What do thesc wurds in lhe lext rcfer to? -1 Hac .mvonc in vour family cver set
1 thi-, tltm- 8l 4 lt {linr- S H ,1 companv or ,1 ,lub?

2 it {liru- 171 5 Th,it (lino 621 5 Do you wrttc a!l thc ncw ,, ords
you learn?
3 thosc rlino .+l 6 1ht'} rlinc (181
6 Do )OU throw rour old cknhcs

I GRAMMAR: phrasal verbs I \\ hcn vnu buy new cine?

7 l lave vcu cvcr borrowcd .mythlng 1h,1t
vou havcn't givcn ?
A phrasal verb is formed by a verb and one or two othcr words
re.g. np, ckw;n, 01(). We
cal1 thcsc othcr words particlcs. Thc 8 \ Vhy muvt wc t ut thc .unount of
meaning of a phrasal verb is often differcnt from the meaning p,H k.iging w.1te?
of thc vcrb without a particlc.

3 Underline the verbs in these sentences. Which two are

I SPEAKING I
phrasal verbsr What are the differcnces in mcaning bctwccn thc
phrasal and ncn-phrasal verbs? Sa Work in small groups. Discuss what
you can do lo cut clown waste. Think
1 .u HL\ going 10 thc supcrrrurkct.
about thcsc things:
ht 'lhc amount of wastc is gcing up. birthday cards, toys, plastic bags, fruit
2 .n Shc cut her hirthcby cckc. and vegetables, print-outs from your
h) P,1tl-.,1ging r.uts dovu darrugc. computcr, videos and DVDs, water.
lan.:uage reference and e-.;tra practice, pages Hb-147
Examplt:
mohill:" p/Jom'. - rt'CH /p 1/wm
birt/Jd,n prl'Pnh RiH' e mC'm,1 or
tomerl tid,..ct,, 1101 di./)(J:-,11Jlt ROod,

Sb Turn to page 124 to check your

ideas.
Thc cnvironment 1@(1111 95
 1.3 S C E NA R I O
I PREPARATION 2b The govcrnment funding committee have sorne
guidelincs to help them assess a project proposal.
1 Change lhese sentences so that thcy are true for Look al the guidelines below. Which oncs does thc
Wild City project meet?
the place whcrc you live. Compare your ideas with a
partner. Good projects should ...
In m LI\ 1 lmprove thc local cnvironmcnt.
1 thcrcs ,1 lnt o uglv graffrtl. 2 solve J problcm.
2 rnovt o thc c.mals and ponds aren't verv ( lean. 3 irwolvc local people working togcthcr.
3 thorc ,HP mmy empt)' and dcroltct houscs. 4 need no, or liulc, annual fluencia! supporl.
4 thcrc .tro sorne ruv ,ln'.1'- o w,1<.!t.'i,md. 5 ofer ideas far futurc dcvclopmcnts.
5 my local park i<.n't vl't) wvll-kept. 6 makc thc local area 'greener'.
6 m,111} strccts .trc run-down.
7 pcoplc oftcn dump rubbish in wcods nnd W('('ll arcas. 3a EID Listen to the funding committcc discuss
lhe project. Which of thc guidclincs do Rick and
I SITUATION I Poppy discuss and in whnt ordcr! Do they generally
agree or disagrce with each other?
local community groups oten try to improve local
environmcnts. Thcy apply to the government for
funding for thcir projects.

2a Read the funding proposal bclow and answcr

thesc qucstium,.
1 \Vhat j<; tho main purposc of thc projcl..l
2 \Vhic.h do vou think are thc thrcc most irnpnrt,mt
henefi1'- o tlu- projcrl?
3 How rnuc h docs it cost e.uh \t',1r?

WILD CITY
Project title Wild Crtv
Project description The regeneration of
an area of wasteland by turnmg it mto a small.
urban wi1dlife park.
Benefits of the project
1 !t will turna scruffy, ugly area of wasteland
into an attractive nature park.
2 lt will mcrease the number of trees and
animals in thrs urban area.
3 lt will be an educanonal resource far local
ctutdren.
4 lt might attract sorne visttcrs to the area.
5 lt wil1 bring the comrnurntv together. Local
people will bui!d and look after the park.

Budget
Total cost: [60,000
Cost breakdown
Clearance of the wasteland: [10,000
Purchase of 100 traes: [40,000
Purchase of plants and seeds (5,000
Annual running cost: [5,000

96 l@H@II Thc cnvironrncnt

3b Listen again. Are these statements true or false? \Ve can use question tags when we think someone
will agree \\ ith what we sav, \Ve use them to check
1 R1ck ,;,1ys thc proJCCI is good far thc cm ironment.
that someone has the samc idea or opinion. In the
2 11 solvcs a problcm bccausc it hrings local pcople scntences in Exercise -ta. the speaker expects the
togcthcr. listcner to agrec.
3 Thc project does not rncct two oi thc guidclines.
4 Thc armual running costs are accopreblc. 4b look al Track 2.31 on page 163 and find more
examples of question tags.
5 Projccts with unpaid volunrecrs are otcn
unsuccccsful. 4c Complete these sentences with question tags.
1 11 costs a 101 o mane}. !
I KEY LANGUAGE: question tags 2 \Ve can'r pi!\ far cvcrvtbing, !

3 Thev havcn't enswcrcd alt thc questions, '

4a E1!J Complete those sentences from thc -1 tt'< a good idea. !
conversation. Then listen and check.
5 Thc, coulci make a iC\\ cbangcs, !
1 You can't gC't mur-h grccncr than a \\ikllic p,uk.
vou? pronunciation
2 Thc projccr ,;ohe,; J probicm. _ it?
3 Thcv muid do it unpald. thcy? Sa flD lnlonation in queslion tags listen to the
senlences in Exercise 4a again. Does the intonation
4 \Vc\c seen that foil before. "e? on the queslion tags go up or downt
\Ve use this intonation when we think thc listener
witl agree with us.

Sb Work with a partner. Practise saying thc

sentences in Exercise 4c.

I TAS K: allocating funds

6a Work in groups. You are the unding committee

considering three project.s. look at the information
about the other two projccts on page 122 and assess
alt the projects. What are the good/bad things about
all three projects? Which of the guidelines' polnts
do/don't they meet?

6b You have a total of t.100,000 avaable. In your

group, decide which projects you will fund. You
can suggest possible changes to the projects if that
means you might fund them.

6t Compare your decisions with other groups.

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

VVhat do you think of rhis onc?
Wh.:it about thc other guidclincs?
What changes could thcy makci
Exactly. / lndccd. I Of coursc.
l'm not sure. / Possihly, bct ...
So, \\-hich sh,111 we support?
The envuonment 97
11'.4 STUDY ANO
STUDY SKILLS,
exploring reading texts

1 Here are sorne questions to ask yourself

when you meet a new text. They will help you
to understand lt better.
1 Where did thc texl appear!
(e.g. in a ncwspapcr, on a posten
2 Who wrotc it and who will rcad it?
3 When was il writtcn?
4 What i!i it aboutr
5 Why was it written?

2 Read the action group newsletter and

answer Lhe questions in Excrcise 1. Then
compare your ideas with a partner.
3a Below are sorne more questions you can
ask yourself aboul the letter. Answer them.
Asking about the quality o information
1 In the firs1 two paragraphs. find cxarnplcs of
inormation that is a) fact and b) opinion.
2 Is cvcrything in lhc lcucr true?
Asking about the reasons for something
3 How many reasons docs rhe writcr glvc whv
the arca is nota good loca1ion far an alrport
What are thcy? Which do you think is thc
most mponautt 1 >car Residen t
Asking about what is missing
\.. }OU muy know. thc goverumcm wants to builcl four or Ilvc
4 Does thc lctter givc argumcnts for and against ncw airports in I hb l'Ol1tllry in rhc ncxt rwcuty ycars. Onc
thc ncw .iirporH posslble locutlon h, in our urcu. closc 10 rhc aumcttvc villagc
5 Only 5,000 pcoplc llve in thc Finchfield arca. of rtncbflcfd.
Why docsn't thc writcr mcntion this Iact in hts
lcHcr? i\s l1w.:al rcsldcnts. 11c do 1101 bcllcvc that thls ls a good
Asking about language locnuon for u ncw uirport. 11 is a qutcr nnd bcautlful part o
thc couutrysdc. Also. nmny famif-.: hmc bccn livlng and
6 Wha1 is thc cffect of tho word 'ottrocttve',
worktng ln thc urca for a vcry long time. Thl'lr [hes muid lx
which is used 10 describe the villagcf
turned upsldc-<town.
7 What do you think thc phtasc 'a vcrv long
time' rncans in paraw.tph 2: fivc ycars, twcnty Wc .ilnmly know lha\ thc majurlly of lol'al pcoplc are
ycars, 200 vears. somcthlng clsc aguim,t thc plans. As a rt'Su 11. we are s,11 ing UJJ an uclion
8 wh.u docs the phrasc 'thc majority o J()(_JI gruu1, In ordcr lo light ;1gaim,t thc ovcrmncnt's plan!i
pcoplo' mean in paragraph J: 51 %, t'.iOo, for th!s alrxirt. Thc lrs1 llll'Cllngo our grnu, will he h1
75%, more? 1:1nd1lcld \'111:igc llall on Tmslh1y 5 hty al 7.00 1>.1n.
\Ve hn1w ymr can jnin 11,; 1 lll'n. \ Vl' wlll dl'clclt how m c11n
3b Do you think the letter will have the effect be:,t orgunlsc our 1>rotest. Plcal>C lwlp u 10 protoct our
that the writer wantst Why I Why not? Imagine cm ironmcnt 1111d way of Ufc for youn,dl'l' nml for futurc
you live in the area. Will you go to the gl'lll'r.ll i<lll:S.
meeting?
BArc.lt!'J 5me, fnu rsf
Actin.: l'rcldcnt. Flnd1lcld Action Croup

98 (ijji@II The environmcnt

 W R I T I N G S KI L L S 111 4
I W R I TI N G S K I L L S: a report 6 Put these headings and sub-headings in thc
corred place A- F in the re port.
4 Discuss these questions with a partner. 1 Concluvion
1 \\'hendo p<'()plr ruten \\ rite rcports! 2 Argum<.'111<; ag.1in,;1 building thc atrport in Finchiidd
2 \\h, do 1hc" wrltc lhC'm 3 lntroduclion
3 H.1, e , ou rcad or \\ rton anv reporte renntl,? .J An alttrn,1tiH:- locatlon tor the atrport
5 \rgunwnh or building !he .1irpor1 in rinchiiPld
5 Read the reporl below and choose the best tille.
6 Finding.,
1 Pl<in,; or a llt_'\\ airport in Finc.hfield
2 Rcactlcnv lo plans tora OP\\ airport in Finchfleld 7 a look at the questions in Excrcise 1 again. How
J Oppoeltton to pi.in,;; foro ncw airport in Fim hfidd many of thcm can you answer about the report?

7b Write two or thrcc qucslions you can ask

11 yourse\f about the report. Use the questions in
Exercise Ja to help you.
The aen of thls report rs to summarlse the findmgs of
t-; ttw mform.1lion /rm?
a recent survey among local resrdents In the Finchfield
area of north Essex on plans to burld a new anport m 8 look back al the cssay on page 47. Whal is the
therr area. PSG Research was asked to carry out the main differencc bctwecn a report and an essay?
survey by a local ecuon group. The data was collected
by quesuonnswe and uevrews wuh 500 local 9a Match these phrases 1-6 with a-f below.
resrdents between 9th and 17th September 1 The ,1im o !hi,; rcport i!. to ...
2 Thc d,11.1 \\,1<; Lolk'ltl'cl h\
11---
e
3 The m.1joril\ ... s,1id th.11 ...
4 Toe m.1in r<.\1<.on .. \\.1<. 1h,1t ...
5 A minonl ... lch 1ha1 .
T he maonty of local resldents !B2t) said that they
were agamst the ptans far the new arport The mam
6 T11 .-.um up, thtrc ,,,1.-. .
reason unennoned by 74'l) was that the,r area was a thc> opinion nt mo,;;f JX'OplP
one of great natural beauty Another important reason b1 thL opinton o .1 ,;n1,1tl numlX'r oi peopk
!ment,oned by 63'\:) was that many terrnltes had long l \\h, tlw rti>ort ,,. ,l.,,, rit11..n
1,.

ccnnecnons wnf the area, someumes going back ci1 J <;Unlrll.11'\ 01 till' rtporl
hundreds ol years (' hm, th(' mlormation \\,U, oht,1ined

D 11 \\l1\ IX'Opk h,1d p,ul1lular \iC\,.,

A mmonry of res.dents 118\), on the other hand, fett 9b In paragraphs C, O and E o thc report, which
that a new arrport could bnng benefits to the area lt
our verbs are used lo rcport the opinions of thc
local residentsf
could crete new obs anda better transport system.
1 O Vou work for an indcpcndcnt n1arkel rescarch
E
company. The governmenl wanls lo build a ncw
However, 96\ of all residents thought that one of the terminal al a major airport. Vou have carried out a
survey and found out whal local peo>le think about
government's other poss1ble locenons for the euport
thc idea. Write )'OUr rc>orl. Use the inforrnation on
was a better choice- th1s was the man made rsland off
page 12.J and your own ideas.
the coast of Clamton

To sum up. there was a great deal of opposmon to the

plan for the new anpcrt There was an almost
universal feehng that the government should look for
an alternallve sne Because of the strong local feenng.
we believe that the government should consider
carefully thc othcr posstble locat!ons, befare they make
a decrsron

The en .. 1ronment IIOIH 99

 Sport
12.1 MINORITY SPORTS

R11nning's lilrc breatl,ins. lt's samcthing /ha/ comes N:!ally nJturdlly.

Cathy Freeman, 1973-, Auslralian 400 mctrc Olympic champi

VOCABULARY AND
Dcar Prime Minbtcr
1 S PE A K IN G: sports
For thc lasr fcw wccks. J havc bcen Lrawlling :uouml the
coumry. talklng tn roun.: pcoprc ub.uu minrniiy sports.
1a Discuss these qucstions in small groups.
'rhe youngsrers that I rnet ,, ere cloing a ,, tdc v:triL'tY of
1 \Vha!'s !h( rnost popuiar sport in ,our tounfn minorit} sports (t.:.)t. fcuctng. judo, arrhcry) :tnd thq
,1110 ,,,,tl h and bl to pl.1,? e ere nll cruhuslastk- ami dcccued. l towcvvr, thcy \\1.:n.
2 1 low popular ore thc <;pnrl<, lx-low in vour countrvi .11.<.o ,:t(I, di-appointcd and :mp.i) about thc 1.Kk 11f m1...'ili.1
rmcrc-a in thcrr 1111rt:., ami nlso about pc:i, ir racttn li.:, :111d
g, rnnasttcs anhcrv badrnintou n tlin
fundin.:. All ovcr thc coumrv. 1 hl.':1111 rhe s.tmc commcm:
fcruing tablo tcnnts dragon boat r,H ing 'If wc had more Iundtng. we would do f'L':.t!l} wcll in
hod,t') judn footba!l sailing lntcmatlonnl compcrh lons.'
ne)\\ rime for rhe <'0111,1ry ro ,how that it
I hclu:.". \'l.' lt 1:,,
3 Which ni thc sports do vou considcr rninorit\ i, tru!) c..ommittt.'<.I to minorit sponv. 'xc oced proocr
por1.,? govcrumcnt Invcsimcm in facilitie, ami tratning. \XL'
af-,o nccd :1 syrnpnhetk 1111..'<.Jl:1 1h:11 tell... ymm.: pcoplc
1b Which vcrbs are used with these sports: do, go
atxnn les, wctl-known -pons in order Lo dcvclop thcir
or play?
tmcro-r.
1e How much do you know about sorne of these !.et":,, gvc rhc young people of thb counrry :1 11;.':11 chance
sports? Do the quiz on pagc 124 with a partner. ro Improvc thdr mcss. :-.h(}\\ thctr r.rlcnc, and achtcve
wccc-,
I READING I ,11ur. :.inccrdy
.\ficbaela sarirtn
2a Read this lettcr that appcarecl in a national 'xorkl Dra.:on 13c:xtt Champion
newspaper. What is the purpose of the le!ler?

100 C,Jiflij Sport

-----
2b Find the following things in the text. I GR A MM AR: second conditional
1 .:i lis! 01 minortr, sports
2 a reason whv the media should report minorit) 4 Look at these sentences and answer the
sports questions below.
di l \\L' had more iunding, we woold do rcalh 11c!I in
3 probtems taced b, peoplc ,, ho do minorit, sports
intcrnauonal compctons.
4 \ oung pcople's fcclings abour doing their sports
bl lf thc mcdo showcd more intcrcst in othcr sports,
5 iniorrn,1tion about thc ,wi!er's recen! actlvitics
kids would want to tr. them.
6 J. sntcrncnt about ,,hat offici.1l actlon is rcqulrcd
t. l l thov had rnore opportunities. thcv wouldn't be
so unhcalthc.
I LISTENING I 1 Do thc sentcuccs describe real or unrcal sttuations!
2 In thc ifd,1u<;e, which tense do we use a!lcr i?
3a fl1J Listen to lhis excerpt from a current affairs
Does us refcr to past time?
TV programme. There are three guests: the Minister
for Sport, a journalist andan actress. Answer these 3 In thc main clausc, which forrn ni thc vcrh utlo\\<;
qucstions. uould?
1 \Vhat time of dt1, is this prograrnme broadcast! Language rererence eod ecua pracuce. pages 1-18-149

2 How m,1m cmai!s does thc presente- rcad out? 5 Correct the mtstnkes in these sentences.
3 Do thc gucsts agrcc or dtsagrcc with thc cmails? 1 li l kncw thc answcr. l would to tell vou.

3b listen again and tick (.1) the ideas menlioned in 2 \\lould sbc increascd laxes i shc \\as th<' Prime
the programrne. Minislcr?

1 The gO\ cmrnent has spent a lot o mane, on 3 li 1ou havc thc po\1cr to ch.mgc one thing in thc
,,orld, what 11ould il be?
rninontv sports rcccntlj.
2 British spor1smcn ,md worncn havc becn suc.cessul 4 The> would didn'l go s..1iling if tht.\ didn'l lil..c it.
in sorne minorih sports. 5 1 \,ouldn't lcncl hirn Jm monc\ if I don'I truI him.
3 Thcre are a lot o artk.lcs about judo in thc
GRAMMAR TIP
newspapcrs.
-1 The TV prcgrammc Cr.1nd,ta11d introduccd pecplc We e.in use might instead o woufc/. Alight is lcss
to mtnoritv sports. ccrtain than \VOUfd.
5 Ibcre "ilJ he more minorih sports on TV durins
the 2011 Olympics.
6 Th(' 1\linistcr ior Sport ,,ants children to do i\e
I SPEAKING

hours ui sport a \\ cck at schooL

6 Work in small groups. Ask each other these
7 Thc m;iorit} of t.hildren cannot do miln) difieren! questions and discuss lhe unusual situations.
sports al school. \\'h,11 ,,ould \OU do ir ...
3c Are these statements true for your country? 1 \OU 1,1inl ,1 million do11ars?
Compare with a partner. 2 \OU !mCC'll \OUT favourilt ilm st;ir?

1 Chi!dren pl.1, m.my difforcnt sports .tt school. 3 a str.1nger 1stopl ,ou in the strccl ,md 1ask11uu
2 Thc govcmment supports minoritv sports and sports for mane,?
plavcrv. -1 }OU urgcntl) 1nCC'dt 550?
3 M rutfonal sports tcarns are onen succcssful. 5 \OU thearl somtonc mO\ing about in our housc.
-1 wc can SC!' a 11 idc rangc o sporr" on rrlr, ision. IJtC' ;it night?

\
1'2- '.2 BIG SPORT, BIG BUSINESS

I SPEAKING This ycar. fcmalc football fans me cvcrywhcrc. You can St.'C
thcm in thc stadiums, you rnn see thcm nt thc big screen
cvcms ami you can probahly scc thcm in fronl of your
1 What do you know aboul the FIFA Football
World Cup? Oiscuss these questions wilh a own tclcvbion. llowcvcr. dcspuc thc rcccnt ucrease in thc
partncr. numbcr of womcn watchlng thc World Cup. thc majority of
thc advcntscmcms during 1 he gumes are aimcd al mcn.
1 Whc h ( oun1ries do tho fanv in thc photos
A D uppor1? This ycar; nearly 50 pcr cent of the toumumcru's
audfcncc busbcen fcmulc. In South Korca, l fcnmlcmajority
2 Cm vou nante ll) wtnncrs and ho.-.1<. ot thc
of:; 1 por cent watched thcirmatch against Togo. In l'ngluud.
\ Vorld Cup?
-17 pcr cent of thc audicnc'l' was fcmalc during thc nmtd1
3 How popular is 1hC' World Cup in \OUr
againsl Swcdcn. '\\lc'vc ccrtainly 111isscd an opportunity:
< oururv with borh nu-n and womon!
"aid ,m advcrtlsing cxcrnlivc. "l'hlrc havc lx..'tn loo many
advcns for rnc11 ami there havcn'1 lx'Cn cnough advcrts for
I READING I fcmulc fans.'
'l'hcrc hm'C hccn somc ;1dvcrts tlwt tuwc lx'Cn .iimed al
2a Read this magazine article and choose the wumcn. l lowcvcr. thcM: advcrts ha\'c S<.'Cll womcn 1101 us
bes! tille. fans. but as pt'lplc who dislikc thc giltl\C. J'or cx111nplc. onc
1 Mcn 1 : \ Vonwn O uirlinc has bt.'C11 offcring womcn-only holiday trlp!> to LSCapc
2 Comp.mlcs spcnd hillions nn \\orld Cup .u!<. thc \\'orld Cup.
3 Advcrtscrs forgl'! fcmolc f,m.,
4 Record nurnher-, <if womcn watc h \.Vorlrl Cup
3 Discuss these questions with a partner.
2b According to thc text, are these sentences
1 Do ynu 1hink 1h,1! the ,ld\C'rliser<. misscd .111 opportunit
true or false?
or do )nU agrt>t \\i1h Adid.1?
1 M,111) womcn havc bccn \\,ll<.hing footh,111 or
2 l)o )Oll think that ,,onwn ,lrt' t.isu;il w.itchcr<. of por\ or
111,111) \{',\',,
do you .igrc(' wi1h Se,1n Gahb?
2 i\l<.n are thc t.:irgc1 ,lLKlwmt' of ,ld\l.'\i<.<.'r" 3 \Vhn do \OLI think w,Hches mo1c sport, mtn or ,,,ornen?
during thc World Cup. \Vhy?
3 More rh.tn h,1lf thc l:;ngli"h .iudicncc w,,..,
l'm,11l during thc Swcdcu g,1111t.
4 Thc .1ch N1 iing {.'Xl'(UI\ t- 1 hlnks thcrc .. 1H1u Id
I GRAMMAR: too and enough
be more .1d\('rl<, airncd .11 \\omtn.
5 An clrtlno ocrcd cpcca! trlps to 1hC' \'Vorld Cup
4a look at thesc scntcnccs. Which three describe a
problem or mistakc?
tor womou.
1 Thcrc h,1w bl't'll too many achl'r1 for mtn.
6 Comp,inil' did 1101 pend ,1 Jw o rncru'v on
rdverti .. ing during this \Vorld Cup. 2 Tht'{Vl' '>ptnt too much morlt') on tlw m,1lc 1,111 .
7 Adid,, bclfove, 1h,1l it didn't 111,11..c .1 rni'>l,11..t 3 Comp,111il'' havp '>JWn1 enough mon(') on ,1d\Pr1iin.
w.th Its .1cher!iing. -1 Tiwrc h,1\t' not 1)('{11 enough .id\trt., lor t'rn,ilt 1,1n.
8 \Vom,n 01tt'n stop \\,11( hing during thc
ad, cnt-cnu-nt-;
4b Which of the phrases in bold above mean:
1 yrn1 h,lVt' 1hc riAht .1rnnunt of nrllt'lhing!
2c Find wcrds in the text that mean: 2 \ ou nel'd rnort of soml'thing?
1 thc pl,1u<, whcn- ,l football match is lwld 3 rnu 111.cd fowt'r lhing!-?
(p.ir,igr,1ph 1 l
4 ,iiu nC't:d les of onwlhing!
2 more th.tn }()",, n ,l group, 1 ,md ..!)
3 ,l th,lll(t' to do v.mcthing 11\ 4c We can also use tuo and cnoush wilh adjcctives. Find
the lwo cxarnplcs in !he text.
4 in t'\l'r p.1rt o thc world 14J
5 uu,,11} do or ht -.0111C'thi11g tl 4d Choosc the corree! word to complete these
gramrnar notes.
Too umll'S h1fon, / .iftw noun .incl /x,for( ,lfltr ,1djt'll\t'.
I mwHh come /)1forP ,1(/C'r noun ,1nd IJl'frm, ,ilit>r
,ldjct I iVl''
._. LJn;u,lg(' rct'rt'nl(' ancl e1olra prallm, p.:il' 1-18-1-11)

102 i'Jll@fl Sport

 BIG SPORT, BIG BUSINESS 12'..2
"l'hc udvcruscrs havcn't
Thcy've bccn 100
bcen clcver cnougb.
nucrcstcd in womcn who lmtc
football ami they'vc forottcn nbout those who Ion,
thc gamc.' said Sean Gabb. a bustm..'SS lccturcr and
-
author. 'Compancs havc spcnl cnough moncy on
udvcrustng. ncarly L 1 billion worldwtdc. but thtJ \1:
spcru 100 much rnoncy on thc nmlc nns and not
cnough on thc fcnmlc fans.'
l lowcvcr, sume compnntcs think thcy haw bccu
clcvcr. Ad ldus huvc said that. us this is thc malc World
Cup. it makcs scnsc to focus on advcrusmg tomen.
Thcy pl;m lo foc11s mi fcmalc prodiu:1. durl11 nexl
year's womcn's World Cup in China. Othcr pcople
huvc notcd thal wmncn tcnd to be more cnsuul
wutchcrs of 'J'\I sport thun mcn, so lr is difficuh to
kccp thclr ancnuon during thc udvcrts. Howcvcr.
as Sean Gabb suid. 'Pcrhups thts is bccausc thcy
don't wam to wastc thcir lime watching udvcns for
:.hm in prcducts und car tyres.'

-
5 Put the words in italics in order. Are the sentenccs
true or you and your country? Tell your partner.
1 tnouh irt'<' time h,n(' during lhl' wcck.
2 h,ll(' 100 honwwor/. . rnuch cach ,,l'C'I...
3 f'Mll clon t mont'\ 1m>uh lo li\l' ,1
cornfortablc llfc.
4 Thc ,lrt:' hoe too ,md tr,lin, e ron ded
in thc ruch hnur.
5 Cinl'rll.l c,x11,i\l' tic/..tf, 100 ,lr< in mv
tm, n.

6 Therc enouh ,porh ,lf('fl '1 far ihltt:>, in mv
loc.il arca.
7 M} 11.1/ion.1/ wxxl footh,11/ /(am ,,
('/1011.h 10 win thc V\'nrld Cup.
8 Thcrc 100 ;, -pon mue h on TV.

I SPEAKING I 6b Compare your ideas with a partnor and decide

how things could be diffcrenl.
6a Think about somc of these issues. Whal is the f thm/... oun,; chifdrm don 't pf,n cnough x,r/. /{ u t' h,,d
curren! situation in your country? Is there too much mon ,port, IJc ilttie,, //11' < h,fclrt'n 11 oukf J-,,.. /w.1fth1t'f.
or too nute o somelhing? Do people do loo much
or not enough of something?
Football: moncv. TV, cornpctitions. p1J)Cr I WRITING I
Sport ,rnd hoahh: adultvchildrcn
Sv lmming pcolv and ,port,; fat.ili1ic,;,
7 Write two paragraphs about one o the issues
that )'Oll discusscd. Describe the situation and the
Sport on TV solutions you suggested.
Sporl l!iHIQ 103
 I SITUATION

2a Look at the advert for Sport In Mind below and

answer these questions.
1 Wha! scrvicc docs thls cornpanj 01l'r?
2 V\lho are its dlffcrcnt I\JW'> oi clicnt?
3 Do pcoplc think about this .,pC'CI of cport in vour
country? Can you tudv thls at unil cr!.1\1?

PREPARATION

1 a Make a list of the sports you have played in your

life. Pul them in order of enjoyment. Compare vour
list with a partner.

1 b Match the differenl personality types in lhe box

with the descriptions below.
cornpctitive rtsk-sccking sccfable
non-compet rtivc L,l uticus/carofu I As a professlOflal sportsperson, you tram your body
sclf-suffic icn! ti ndividual isticl
to wm. but do you tram your mlnd to be a wmner'?
1 1 llkc meeting pcoplc ,md being part ni .1 tcam.
As a sports coach. you llam your athlefes 10 w,n but
do you understand th8 psychoJogy ot a wmner?
2 l porform bcttcr whcn l challenge somconc.
As a sports /ove,, you exerc1se and stay ht but do you
3 1 like 10 work on mv own, or solee problems
play sports that sult your personal1ty?
b) rm sclf.
4 1 ltkc ,1 linle danger and precsure.
5 [njo\ mcnt. not wirrning. motivatos me. ou, psychol<J9ists work cfosely w1th you and, through
6 1 avoid risl..s-1 alw,wi. rlrlvo ,;lcl\\ 1,. sc,entJfic research and psycholog1cal ana/ysls, they take
you to greater sportmo success
1 e Which of these personalily types would or
wouldn't suit the different sports in the photos? a aMH In sport, ,., SfJ(ll1 !tt Mi!NI
Which ones match the sport you have played?
www.1,artinnund. fnfl@Sportlnmlnd c,m

,l , '
, l Explain your reasons.
A conuxntve per,CJnalit1 11oulcln'1 \tJil \0.ctJ bccou-e

:\:;::;:; , ::: ,;nr, m ,og,,

5
 Sports psychology 12 !._3 1

Dr Sophia Mannit is a sports psychologist with pronunciation

Sporl In Mind. She uses a questionnaire to analyse
someone's personality and suggesl suitable sports. Sa flm 1ntona1ion in lists Listen to this question.
How are the letters al the beginning of each option
2b flD listen to her interview with Alex. Which of (A-C) in the list pronounced? Choose the best
these situations do they discuss and in what urder? intonation patlern.
a) c.hoosing a holiday O lf vou coutd buy any car )OU wantcd, ,,ou\d )Oll
buy ...
bJ playing sport \\ ith J friend O
Al ,1 fast sports car. llkc a Ferrari?
el buying J car D
131 a ctass!c car, like el Rol Is Roycc?
di dclng an cx.uutnaton O
C) a rcltablc car, likc .:t Honda?
2c listen again and answer these questions.
1 rtsc. f.lll. risc 2 f,111, fati, nsc 3 riso, rlse, f.ill
1 Whkh answcr A-C does Alcx choosc or each
qucstion? Sb Listen again and repeat.
2 Whi<.h sports does Dr Mannit rccornmcnd!

3a In the questionnaire, the three questions (1-3) I TAS K: doing a survey j

are related to different personality types. Match the
questions to the personality types. 6a Work with a partner. Prepare a short
questionnaire about personality. The questionnaire
1 Oucstton 1 al how rlsk-taklng
should be in three sections:
is rclated to--...,_ )Oll are.
Scction 1: Sodablc or tndividualistic!
2 Oucsuon 2 '- hl how sociable
is rolatcd lo }'OU are. Scctlon 2: Competitlvc or Non-competltlcrv

3 Question 3 el how corupetnive Scction J: Risk-tah.ing or Ciutinus?

is rclated to you are. Think of one or two qucstions for each section.
Make sure you grade lhe answers far each question
3b In each question. the answers are graded (e.g. A= very competitive, B = quite
1101 al alf). Look at Track 2.34 on
(i.c. very, cuire, competitive, C non-cornpetitive).
page 164. What does each answer mean (e.g. very Use the situations in the box to help
sociable, quite sociable, or individualistic)? you prepare your questions.

choosi ng ,1 hol ida)

KEY LANGUAGE:
conversation fillers making ,l Lompl,,int
choosing a job
4a EID listen and complete Alex's answers to the finding sorne monev
questions. spending monc>
1 wou. 1h,11\ .i ene. J have studicd on m} m, n doing ,in c,amin.1tion
or cxarns bcforc h.ivmg ,l party
2 Right ... crm. (et me , l think l'd do R. giving .i t,ilh.
3 l tmrn. le! me , well. to be , l'd buv playing a sport or g.imc
,1 Pcrrari. sa, ing monc\
we can use this language when we are thinking c.hoosing ,1 hobh
about an answer lo a question.

4b Work with a partner. Ask and answer these

questions. Use fillers when you answer. How long
can you 'think' for?
1 Do you think th.it vour country should host thc
Oh mpit Ganws?
2 \Vho is your Ievouritc sports pl,1yer?
3 Wha1 great sporting momcnts can you remember? 6b lnterview other students in the dass.
4 \\lhich sports should evcrv young pcrson lcarn Then tell your partner about the interviews.
to pla\?
5 Do v ou 1hink that sorne sports pcoplc are paid
too muc.h?

105
12).4 STUDY ANO
I STU DY SKI LLS: doing exams 3a In addition to revising, il is importan! to look
after your health al exam lime. How much do you
know aboul heah and exams? Do lhis quiz with
your partner.

Health and Exams

a Eang _ before you go to bed can reduce
stress and help you sleep,
a) an egg b) a banana e) chocolale
B _ increases the o.KY9en in your brain and
encourages positive thinking.
a) Shouting b) Yawning e) laughing
El Put _ oil on your pillow to help you sleep.
a) lavender b) peppennint e) rosemary
a_ produces new brain cells and improves
memory and leaming.
a) Orinking water b) Doing exercise
1 Talk ahout your experiences o exarns in small e) Watching TV
groups. What was your best/worst experience? Whyl B Eat more _ because stress destroys vitamin C.
a) pasta and rice b) meat
2a flD You are going to listen to a lecturer giving e) fruit and vegetables
studenls advice about an English exarn. Which o
these pleces of advice do you think she witl give? IJ Eat more _ because they increase brain power
listen and check. and concentraon.
a) oily fish b) blueberries c) tomatoes
1 Do lors and lots of practico tesis. Tho more, rhe
bcucr,
2 Re Iresh on I he d,1).
3 Don'! be tare for rhe cxam. 3b Check your answers on page 111. Can you think
4 Thc most importan! thing to do in lhc cxam is to of any other similar advice?
use corree! English.
4a 11!:1 Listen to these interviews with four
5 lf ycu don't know thc enswer to ,1 multiple-cbokc students after an exam. Match each sludenl 1--1
quostion, don'I writc ,mything - le,we it blank. with the problems that they had or mistakcs that
6 Whcn )'OU do a plccc o writing. do a draft nnd they made.
rhcn makc ,1 final copy. a) didn't plan a plccc of writing
7 Don't spend loo long on onc qucsticn. h) clidn't havo cnough ideas for onc qucstlon
8 lf diUionari are allowcd. use thcm as muchas e) ran out of time and couldn'I finish ,, qucstion
you cau.
di c.ouldn't rcmcmbcr cnough
2b Can you rcmcmber any o the reasons she gave
4b listen again and note the solutions you hear
for the advice above? listen again and make notes.
to the problems and mistakes above. Have you had
problems like these when doing an exam?
2c Can you think of any more advice aboul
doing exams? Think about food and drink, dothes, 5 Oiscuss these questions with your partner.
handwriling, checking your answers, relaxing.
1 Are you going 10 do ,ln) cxorns in the near futurc?
2 Which four plcccs o advicc from this lcsson might
be uscful for you?
3 Which o the things discusscd in this lesson do you
usually do an)'\,ay?

106 HlhlfJ Sport

 W R I TI N G SKI L L S 12'.4
I WRITING SKILLS: aformalemail 9 Register Answcr thesc qucstions about thc tcxt.
1 f"incl ex.imples 01 Ianguagc that show that this cnul
6 Work in small groups. Have you ever done an i polnc and/or tormal. c.g. ((mumin,: //)(' \porb.
English course in an English-speaking country? Talk 2 lonual writing is wcll organiscd. What is tho man
about your experiences and ideas. lf you haven't 1opic of each p,1r,1gr.1ph?
done a course, would you like to? Why / Why not? 3 Comparo !hi" cmal \\ lth tho informa! cmall in Unn
.. IC'""n -1, pagt 1'). \\lhat differl'nc C''i tan vou tind?
7 Imagine you are going to do a summer course
callcd 'English with Sport' in Belfas!, in Northern 1 O Punclualion Study the way commas are uscd
lrcland. Write about six questions you would like to in the cmail. Thcn pul commas in suitablc places in
ask about the course and school. these sentences.
I frm m,111) hour, .:i 11 C'C'f... ,vil/ J ,tud) ! 1 Would vou mind o.('m\inR me sorno infmm,11\on
1 tll!' ,, /Joo/ big or ,mal/? about Ihc accommodation plt,1sc!
2 lf 1 (..Jllll' l',1rlier in thc surnrucr would thc <.OLJ'i('
he chc,ip<.r
J lomerning thc cvcning actlv iti('" \\ ill our tcachcrs
come wrth LJ<;?
4 A<; 1 mcntoned in nw la,;t ornad mv lovc! ni 1::nglio.h
is qulu- good.
5 1 owevcr 1 snll have prohlern-, undcrst.mdlng n.uvo
"Pl',1 kors.

11 a Work with a partncr. Imagine you want to go

to New York to do an English course. Look al this
advcrt and write a formal email to the academy,
asking some questions aboul !he course, school, etc.
8 Read Pepa's ernail about the ccurse. Are any of Use the email in Exercise 8 to hetp you.
her questions the same as yours in Exercise 7?

Dear Sir or Madam

-
I would like to do a course in 'Enqlieh with Sport' lhis
summer. 1 am interested in visiting Northem lreland
and your coJlege seems ideal far me. 1 have found a
lot of the information I nood from your website. but I
still have sorne questions Would you mind answering
them for me, please?
First of a\l, lf I stayed for four weeks, how many Leam Euglisb in t/Je heart of the
teachers would I have? Are there any exams al the Bi!{ App/e - the city that 11ever sleeps.
end of the course? Could you tell me if I wrll gel a General F..ngli,h das,cs, :ill lc,cl,, all nationalitic:..
certJficate from the college when l leave? !,mall class si,es g11ar.mtet!d.
Conceming !he sports. 1 am especially lnterested In Am.1zin modcrn focilitics- all ) ou nccd to study.
horse riding. Can I do thls every aftemoon and does Spcci.1l .1ftcrnoon option incluUe:
the cost lnclude everything? Also. rs tenme available in Bmincs) F.nlish, filmm,1kin, team sport.
the evening? Americ.111 mu,ic.1ls.
As I mentioned. l'm very keen on comlng to Belfas! full progr:immt uf :.ocial ,Ktivitits.
and I would hke to llve with a local family. However, Weekend trips av.1il:iblc.
what would happen 1f I was not happy with the Accomrnodarion sen ice :1vail:ihle.
family? Would I be able to changa accommodation?
I hope you can answer my questions.
l look forward to heanng from you. 11 b Swap cmails wilh anothcr pair and writc an
Best wishes answer to their email.

Pepa Martinez Unamuno (Miss)

/)tM
.J -11k ,o fo\' ,L-\' tmd AK..I tll"\!.Al1

Sport lf)jjifJ 107

 REVIEW
I GRAMMAR
Annual Alean Dragon
1 look al the photo and read the text quickly.
What is dragan boa! radng? Boat Festival
2 Complete the text with the present
Vancouver, Canada
continuous (future meaning), present perfect
continuous or past simple passlve of the verbs. This year's Dragon Boat

Festival , (take place)

3a mm Listen to two people talking about on 16 and 17 June and over
the Vancouver Dragan Boat Festival. Are they
180 teams from around the
both going to the festival this year?
world 2 (compete).
3b Match the parts of the sentences from the
conversation. Then listen again and check.
1 lt's !oo (.ir People trace: dragan boats for cver 2/XlO years. They
2 \Vc'rc lea\ ing e.uh and stopping began in south central China and the boau were colour J anrl
decorated w.th a dragon's head et the front. They "'-- (mal,..e)
3 \ \'e havcn'r got
of three uee tnmks. which were tied together. The boets carne in
-1 Scvcml bauds are
ali s1zes. They lrowl byupto 50men and theancient reces

5 lf wc wcnt this vcar, could be extremely compeuuve and aggressive

6 Jf we 1.:i1111pcd.
Modern dragon boer racing began in 197 wrth the f1r<,t H1mg
7 \Vhv don'! 1 find Kong lnternational t Races.and the 1merna11onal Dragan Boat

8 Havc vou gol cnough Federation f. tset up) m 1991. Smce then. tbe nurnber ot

.11 cnough sp,uc muncv at thc momcnt. dragon boat festivais worldwide '-- urcreaser and interest
'-- (go upl steadily each year. The first race-s .)Ut5Jde '>l Jtr-
bJ time or that?
east Asia 1 hold) m Canada. at the 1986 V;mcou,,.er Wor!d
e) wc'd havo to be vel) carcful with moncv. Fair and they 1
(take place) regutarly smce 1hen. Racmg

d\ for ,1 weekend. now tends to be in colourful boats made from wood wi1h about
el out about sorne carnpsites in thc ,Hca twenty rowers anda drummer at the 1ront who ,;pf thP f)MP &or
fl off tu scc mv parents on thc \\.l\. the row1ng. Of course 1t's no longer aggessi'Je. bu! 's great fun
g) thcn \\l.' c.:ould take our oc n food. too. far al the family!
In coming from south-east Aso.

4 There are grammatical mistakes in seven of

these sentences. Correct them.
I VOCABULARY

1 Thc ambassodor is amvc ,11 ten tomorrow

morning.
5 Complete the newspaper advert about recycling
facilities in a small town with the words in the box.
2 Googlc, thc Internet scorch cngine, e as
oundcd in llJ95. aluminium box<.-s cans cardboard
3 Ehzabeth Kostova's first book published tasi cartons glass jars packcts plastic pols
vcar.
4 This supcrmarkct has using paper bcgs for
VCM:..
RECYCLING FACILITIES IN KNARESFIELO
The followtng fao1ities are available fer household recyding. Please recyde
5 \\le nccd lo cut thc rubbish wc produce.
onty between the hours of 9.00 a.m and 8.00 p.m.
6 How much do vou throw .l\\.l) ami how Poplar Lane car park: 1 and plastic
much do vou rcqclc? Facilities here fer botdes and i , and dnnking glasses; a!so al
7 li kids watchcd less T\ thcv mlght be fitter. household '--, e.g. water bonles,. yoghurt 4 and plaste bags.
8 The sports centre would be more popular if Community centre: Paper and 5
 it tcacbes gynmastics. Kitchen waste such as juice 6 , cereal 1 ,gg

9 Thcre are too rnuch advcrts or junk food '-- , also newspapers and magazmes and unwanted boo(S.
on TV. Cinema car park: Metal
10 1\,1\ son isn't cnough good or thc schocl AII types of lf\eta!, induding 9 , e.g. soft drrnk 10 .
fcotball tcarn.

108 REVIEW 10-12

 UNITS 10-12
6 Find nine words for pcople and groups in 8 Work with a partner. You are going lo arrange a
organisations. Use the dues to help you. meeting.
Student A: 'tou are thc studcnt from Exorcisc 7a. Look
-e t words ..l,Jwords 1'1wnrd zt word : : .11\,ord
et , our timctablc on pagc 11 O.
e o M M 1 T T E E X o s Student B: You are A's fricnd. Look al vour tlmctablc
F 1 N 1 1 K N s Q u I' T on pagc 115.
,, N L R D o L D
1
o M
V
A
" ' Use the dialogue in Exercise 7b to help you.

1 11 D K s E
E l \V
s "
L V 1
M

E 1
I'
A G p I LANGUAGE CHECK I
R A z T F s s T A F F A
9 lwo words in each sentence are in the wrong
1 s D [ e p E s y 11 o R order. Corree! thern. Then look al lhe pages and
p s F R E 1 R R T G H T check your answers.

H
s
A

1)
X
s
R
z H
s 1 p

V
N
p
V
1
l.
A
M

D
M

F
1 My unclc is ,l scrvant uvil in thc pub!ic transpon
dcpartmcm. (page 85)
2 Plans announced werc lo set up ,1 ncw
1 o o e G u 7 R govcmmcnt dcpanmcnt. tpagc 871
N R
Q
y A s s 1 s
'
T A
N
N
N
T 3 The ncw stadlurn is 1\\0 onl> minutes from thc
undcrground. ip,lg<' 88)

I KEY LANGUAGE
4 He has wrifing heen soap operas for thc last ten
ycars. (p,1ge g_1)
5 You can r('{.)<.IC' thosc books. Don'1 thro\\ ,1\\.1\
7 a IIIIJListen to a student talking to her tutor.
lhem. p,1gc 9r;
What day and time do they agree lo meet?
6 Thcv d1dn't listcn ver\ carcullv, thc}' rlid?
7b Complete the conversation between the lpage 971
studenl and tutor with phrases a-b. Then listen 7 l h,1d thc\ the man'}', the) 'd .;cnd him to a sports
again and check your answers. .1(.iclcnw. (p,1gc 1 O 11
al wukl )OLI dl jo; it :;1 to 1tII thc truth 8 \Vc'vc spcn1 much too mont.'\ on ,ow bir1hd.1y.
hl dfdn't vou el I et me x- hJ Wcll (p,1ge t 021
< 1 are vou fl onl} 9 She i,;n't cnough t,1lcntcd to he an actor. (p,1ge 1021

T: 'iou wautcd ,1 meeting ncxt weck abom your projcct,

10 Th,1t's ,1 une difficul1. 1 rc,,11} don'1 knm, 1lw
1 ? ,lnS\\'t'. 1pag(' 1 O'il

: That's right.
r: OK. lct',;; lr. to ,1rr,mgc one. 2 . 1 c.111 do I LOOK BACK I
Tuf"-(l,1) al r 1 .OO.

<.: Frm, l'm in lccturc-, .111 ci,1) 'lucsday. l'm afrald. \'\'hat 1O Find Lhe exercise in Units 10-12 where you:
about Wt.'ffnC<,da\ at lJ.00? !,1lk ,1hou1 thc Unitcd Nation. tUni! 1m
r: '
l'm 1101 pl.mning to come in !ill 11.00 on
read about thc dcvl.'lnpment of r\.licrnsoft. (Unit I Ol
WC'dncsd;:i). You couldn'r do .;fr.iight aftcr hmch,
wurk cm pred1Lting \Oc.1bul,1ry wlwn litLning.
'-- , S..)\' 2.00?

= i , l could, but lor > l1<1l ,Hl hour. l'rn

!Unit 101
golng 10 thc dontist at 2. W. lc,,rn \\Ord for c.nnt,1iners ;ind nMlNial5. (Unit 111

r: l thlnk wc'H 11('('(! more th,m haf ,111 hour, obout an listen tn ,1 unding committ<"l' disrnssing ,, projC'ct.
hour. l'd sav. l'rn free ali d,1\ Frid,1\. 1Uni111
,: r\lmm, l'm taking thc J0.30 train home on Pridav. tor write a report abou1 ,1 building propos,11. tUni1 111
thc weekend. reine i.;n't too e,,rl), h ? lern hm\ to t.1lk ,1hout unrc,1J itu,1tions. (Unit 121
1: \VC'I!, --- , }e-;, lt takes me ovcr an hour to gct
m1d ,1bout hig hu.;inN<; in ,;port. (lJnit 1.!)
hcrc. You arcn't bu") on Tlurrsdav acrnoon, R I
carry out a survey ,1bou! personality. (Unit 121
,: /\.<,, well. no! unlil 4.00.
1: \WI L \-..h,1t ;:ilXRII I.OCJ on Thursday then?
,: Ve-;, th,1t',; Ilnc. thanks.
Rl \'lfW I0-1.!
109
'

'
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 1.2 Exercise 6 (page 9) Lesson 9.3 Exercise 7a (page 79)
Sludent 8
1 You are a sales representative for Guangdong
Digital. Read your company information below.

You are sclling a ncw digital camera, Modcl DCJ,

that costs S 100.
You wanl to get sorne big orders for thls new
procluct - up to 2,000.
You can offcr discounts - up lo 20%.
Longcr dclivery times are bettcr for your company
- up lo cight wocks.

2 Before you bcgin the negotiation, look back at

the lesson on pages 78 and 79 and choose more
phrases for the box below.

USEFUL PHRASES
what's thc pricc per ilcm? That's a dcal!

3 Now have lhe meeting with Route One and

negotiate a deal.

Lesson 11.2 Exercise la (page 94)

The photo shows the packaging waste for a British
family in one month (20kg).

Check vcur answers on page 112.

Review Units 10-12 Exercise 8 (page 109)

Student A
Yuu wanl lu arrangt! lo meet Student B next week for coee. Use thb nmetable lo try tu lind d me that !!iuib
you both. Remember the tutorial you have jusi booked!

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

9.00 Study group Tutonal (Art /)
10.00 lecture (Art 1) Lecture (Arl 2) l.Jbrary Study group pem home 10.30

11.00 Tutof'li:11 (English) Lecture (Art 2) L1brary Study group

12.00 Lecture (Art 2) L1brary Study group
13.00 LUNCH
14.00 SW1mm1ng lecture (Engsh) Dennst - 2.30

15.00 Study group Lecture (Engbsh) Denust

---1--+-t--1---1
16.00 S1udy group Lecture (Art 1) Football practce

110 COMMUNl('ATION ACTIVITIES

 ACTIVITIES
Lesson 1.3 Exercise 7 (page 11) Lesson 1.4 Exercise 3 (page 12)
Student B
cloud ll.,oJ noon
Answer your partner's questions about Peru. Then ask your a white or grey shape in the sky that is made
of small drops of water: There were no
parlner questions and complete the notes for Chile. clouds in the sky.

USEFUL PHRASES fog l'!l'n,,un

doudy eir near the groond, which is difficuh
What activitics are thcrc? Thcre's ... to see through: There wos thick. fog eorly in
Whal's tho wearhcr likc? In the winter, il's ... themoming.

whct's thc average lt's ...

autumn .:1:im nou,
ternpcraturc in ... ?
the season when leeves fall off the trees; F.\U
AmE
Pl'U
,,.., tht coaet In tht rnourrtans hurricane 'h ,nl'.m UUI
a violen! storm with very strong fast winds
Ac.tivities and 1',110r\:'.el\in9 whl'e-wate.r raftit19
attractions. sea "'1";"9 ho' riding blizzard hh, 'KI, oc...
a storm with a Iot of wind and snow
We.ather
wmter (Ma,-Dlfober) f"'j ao<I wo\ dl'j anc:i SUt1fli sun ,n 'noun
Average ternperafure. 15 C. UJ re the thing in the sky that gives us light and
heat: The sun's gone behind o doud. 1 She
'$ummer sum1-1 and hot doud and wet lay in the sun reoding.
(Nnvembtr-Af>i\)
l\veragr temperature 21, e UJ 'e From L ongmiJn -\'ordwise DiclioniJry
C.HIL
In fue dt&trl !n tht moumains
A.c.tivifiM,

We.ather

Qi1ne.-Odober) Da-rime temperature: . [_ June-,A,09ust good for iing

W1nter ao<I ao<I

Night-time temperature. 5 l Pwer39e temperature 5 L
'$ummer ao<I
(November-Ma-) Da,;time temperature: . [_ Pwerage temperature
- llO f,f\OW
C.
N19ht-time temperature. c.

Review Units 1-3 Exercise 9 (page 31) Lesson 12.4 Exercise 3b (page 106)
Studenl 8 1b Bananas are high in potassjum. Thi<; i<; good or
lowcnng stress levels.
First, respond to Sludent A's suggestion. Then make
a suggestion about one of the activities in the box, 2c Ali o thc possiblc answers incre.:ase thc oxygcn in
and agree or disagree with Student A's response. your brain, but only laughlng encouragcs posivc
thinking.
B: Why on't we watch that new re;ility TV show
/Ollig/Jf?
Ja Lavcndcr oil helps you relax. Peppcrmint ami
roscmary oil both w.:ake you up and makc your mind
A:Crc<.1/ ide,1! l love realily TV. more alert.
8:Sodol! 4b Excrcisc can promote rhe growth o ncw hrain cclls,
feshion show rcalitc TV show a rnarathon especially in the arca o thc> brain that is linked to
computcr g,unc skiing naturc prograrnme mcmory and IC'arning.
strcct ie,;;li\al an gallcry Se Pasta. rice ,md rneat don'! contain vitamin C.
6a Th<' omega 3 oils in oily fish .Jre very good for thc
brain. Blueberries and tom.:atoes contain anlioxidants,
which are good for fighting illncss and di,;casc.
CiitlMHhtiilAJi
ACTIVITIES 111
Lesson 2.1 Exercise 8b (page 15) Lesson 2.4 Exercise 3 (page 20)

Student A
Read the artide aboul Mother Teresa and answer
these questions.
1 Was shc Europcan or lndian?
2 What were the problcms in Kolkata?
3 How old was shc whcn shc died?
Your article is missing sorne information. Makc
questions to get this information from your partner. High seores in section A
Use these prompts. You are probably a visual learner. Visual learners like

1 what/tcacht 4 Wh,ll/win? to see information. A lot of learnlng in universities and

2 Whcn/clccidc? S Who/givc? colleges is visual learning beceuse it involves reading.
3 What/rcnt? Tips: Look again regularly at what you have learned.

Ask and answer questions with your partner. 112 PH3Mllllliil@I ACTIVITIES
I

Teresa ,,as bom in Maccdoni<1 m Eastcrn Europc

From 1930 to 1948 she taught t
in I CJl O. JI
a church school in Kolkata (originally Calcutta),
lndi,1. She bccamc thc principal of the school in
1944.
Therc wcrc many poor pccplc in Kolkata. In
2,C:I _, shc dccidcd to hclp thcsc pcople. Shc
left thc school and in 1948 she srorted an open-
air school for homelcss children. There werc also
many ver) ill pcoplc on thc strccts. but thcrc werc
no hospuals far thcsc peor pcoplc. Teresa rentcd
J and lookcd aftcr thcsc people.
Thcrc are now ovcr 4.000 o her centres in tndla.
In 1965 shc opcned her first centre in another
country. in Venezuela. Thcrc are noc, centres in
Asla. Africa and Europe.
Teresa gave all her time and lifc to thc poor
pcoplc of thc world. In 1979 she wcn
4 and she recelved 56,000.
Howovcr. shc did not keep this moncv; instcad
shc gavc thc mane} tn :; _
Teresa dlcd in 1997. During her llfo. shc inspired
rnanv pcoplc to hclp othcrs. And this is sttll true
110\\, 111,111\ years after her death.

Lesson 1.2 Exercise 6 (page 9)

Answtrs
I around the equatcr / in the tropics
2 beca use early in the winler, the eir. ground and seas slill
have sorne summer heat
J in the Arctic and Antarctic
4 water
s at ihe bottom
b
7 e
8 a)164 b)4 C)5 cf)5
9 so predatcrs cen't see them
to speed skiing - up to 248 kph
Write things down severa! times (e.g. summaries of
important information from textbooks and lectures)
and using your own words. Copy information from your
lectures and textbooks onto the computer, then read the
pnnt-outs. Use different colours to organise and
highlight information.

High seores in sectlon B

You are probably an auditory learner. Auditory learners
like to hear information. They understand best when
they are listening or discussing.
Tips: lf possible, record your lectores and listen to
them later, Record things (e.g. your notes and textbook
information) and listen to them later. Get information from
radio programmes or sound files on the Internet. Say things
aloud. Sing things to music you know. Study with other
students and talk about what you're learning.

High seores in section C

You are probably a physical learner. Physical learners
remember best by moving around and touching things.
Tips: Put information on cards that you can move around
or put on the walls of your home or room. When you study,
wafk around with your textbook or notes in your hand and
read the information aloud. In lectures,
sit near the front of the room and take notes. Choose
subjects where you can do practica! work or research, e.g.
interviews. Spend time 'in the field' (e.g. visiting a museum
or working in an office).

AII students
Have a look at the tips in the other sections - perhaps
there is something there that can also help you.
Lesson 1.3 Exercise 7 (page 11)
Student A
Ask your partner questions and complete the notes for Peru.
Then answer your partner's questions about Chile.

USEFUL PHRASES
Whal activulcs are thcrc? There's ...
What's the weathcr likc? In !he winter, it's ...
Whaf's thc <l\er.ige lt's ...
tcmpcrature in ... ?

ff;l'-U
N thelOM.t In fue mounta111s
Adivitiu and
attrac.tions
Wtather

W1nter (Ma-t-OctoWr) and and _

f'weracy. temperafwe: e e
fommer 5UOl'l'f aod hot doud- and wet
(Nov,:mber-/lpr1Q
Averar,, temperature e e

CHILf;
!n tm desert ln fue mount1,ns
At.tivifir.1, bcrse rid,09 tikung
rnountain bi1n9 soowboan:l.ing
Wtather
W1rrter dear s1tf, and &1nn, Dat11me u,\ and """'1
(Sune-0,tober) tempera1urt. 15 C N19ht- !)000 for f>l:'.11'19
Ji.11le-l9Uf>t
t1me temperature. 5c. AverNJt temperature 5 l

' ;:,omme r \,o\ c.lm!Oi and ....et - no t,no'fl

(Nov,:mb<r-Ma-j) Da-t,me temperahire 25 e PwerMjt temperature 15 l
N19ht-tune temperature 5 e,.

Lesson 2.3 Exercise 6a (page 19) Review Units 1-3 Exercise 9 (page 31)
Student A Student A
l,aoc,/IG- Make a suggestion about one o the activities in
r hcr.'....h W!.Mar the box, then agree or disagree with Student B's
response.
,\lo Y, l,wwp/o;<.d/ l-L f,,- ffa """'- C-,
f"rm .-ad, f.;,r; r.. fashion hO\\ rC.1lil) TV <.hm\ ,l mararhon
Pc..t<,::,.J,n, ,. . CA'll ,,.-"''.. r tf'llf, cornputcr gamcv ,;l.,iing strcct il'Sli\al
ui'fi<Yrt ,"lot vni, t""'l norurc progrommc art g,1Ucf\
(4:r,; ,;, ovt ufc,,;, .- 11("1.1, prhc<;. Cook_.,.
A: let's .;o 10 the tssbion hou this wee/...enc/!
{,!IU,; - ,w}, lf, '.fOrl
JJ: /'m no1 suro. f don't rmfly li/...e fah,on hows.
AffC._,.ill\ < r.:::,t rottoiJ o,r- ',lli.ri" A M A: Don't rout 110\'t' lhem!
fvrrl"": ob r1.;J, IJ,,orl t,i-,fld( n...

Oth(,-f" ..forw..+i--11 - ,,:r tNoOU.f", J; e/1Yc.-l'l'('M

Then swap roles and respond to Student B's
suggestion.
?!" '"1"'
< 0.\1\HJNI( ATION ACTIVITIES 113
 Lesson 3.2 Exercise 9 (page 25) Lesson 2.3 Exercise 6a (page 19)
Sludent A Student B

1 look at the crossword and prepare definitions o<;h

for the words you have. (Do not include the word in YO\. .J
the definition!)
(-"-' f.- -.;n)
P"""'"'I - (ou wo} pdo
o""
2 Ask your partner for deinitions for the missing ..., dw=,
words and complete the crossword.
1.-<c - 'f"T" o< fool<,.('t=<
USEFUL PHRASES to th, '"""""

What's onc down? What's two across? N<c - ("' !;"' to *"''-'-)
This is someone who This is a machinc that ... - - - - bla<k. ....... "-
This is something that lt's ... Off..- - ""*. 'f<"" F'
This is an adjective
which meaos ...

Lesson 2.1 Exercise 8b (page 15)

e o M p u T E R Studenl B
A Read the article about Mother Teresa and answer
these questions.
D
1 Was shc Europcan or lndian?
2 Wh,11 were rhe problems in Kolkata?
"M A G A z N E o N 3 How old was shc whcn shc died?
T Your article is missing sorne information. Make er.
N T E R V E w E R questions
Use these to gel this information from your partn
ptompts.
R
p o l T e A N N al
bl Whatlbecome?
What/start? f low much/rcccivc?
d) When/die?
e)
A el \Vh.1t/open?

T Ask and answer questions with your partner.

'teresa \\J!> OOm in Ma<..<.'<klni.1 in Eavcm Evropc in
u 1910. From 1 'HO to ICJ-rn shc l,1ugh1 gcography at .i
N church school in Kolkata toriginav Calcutta., India.
Shc bccemc ,1 in 1(}-14.
A
Thcrc \\CfC mam poor people in Knll,.,11,1. In 19..Jb,
l
shc dccfdcd to help these x..oplc. Sbc Jcft thc
school and in 1948 shc <tartcd h -----
'5 o Thcre were also mam ,cr. ill pcoplc on thc <;lrCC'I<.
A p o p E R A
but thcrc werc no hospltals for thcsc poor pcop1c.
Teresa rcntcd a room nnd lookcd ,1fter thcsc pcoplc.
nl('(e are m)\\ ovcr .J,000 o her centres in India. In
I C)(J'j shc oponed e' , in Venezuela.
Thcrc are now centres in A!>ia. Afri<.,1 .md Europc.
Lesson 12.1 Exercise le (page 100) Teresa gavc all her time cnd lifc lo thc poor pcoplc
of rhc world. In 19-9 ,;hC' \\OO the Nobel Peace
l e 4 true Prize and shc rcccrvcd S d, . l lm\<.-'\er, sbe
2 o 5 yellow
did nor keep this moncv: instcad she g,1\<.' tbc
3 false (There ore 6 soiling
mono... to thc poor people of Kolkata.
three higher 7 yellow
8 b Tcr('S.1 clied in 1 During her life, .,he msptrod
grades. red ond
white striped, red, 9 drums manv pcop1c lo help others. \nd this is still true
ond white belts.l 10 d now. manv vcars atcr her dcarh.

114 COMMUNICATIC)N ACTI\IITIES

Lesson 4.1 Exercise 6 (page 33) Lesson 4.3 Exercise 7a (page 37)
Student C
1 Work with a partner. Think of more questions for
this questionnaire. Job: Accountant
Health problems:
Amls and wrists hurt. Frequently gel headaches.
1 How many countries have you visited? Hearing problems - a ringing sound in your ears.
2 How ? Work routines/habits:
3 Have you ever ridden a horse? Wori< ten hours eve,y day. Eat lunch at your desk.
4 Have you ever ? Use the computer a lot and read accountancy books.
Have good office chair and desk.
General lifesty:
Eat wen - lots of fruit and vegetables.
5 How many exams have you done this year? Go to gym every day - use the running machina.
6 How ? Enjoy listening to loud music on MP3 player (on
7 Have you had a holiday this year? trains and buses. and in gym).
8 Have ?

Student D
9 How much television have you watched this week? Job: Catering manager in staff caf
10 How ? Health problems:
11 Have you been to the cinema this week? Often have a bad back. Feel phys1caHy tired after a
12 Have ? day's work. Otten get stomach aches.
Work routines/habits:
Manage staff, help clear tables and clean in kitchen.
13 How many phone calls have you made today? Litt and carry food deliveries.
14 How ? Busy ali day, never sit down, eat lunch standing up.
15 Have you eaten any fruit today? General lifestyle:
16 Have ., No time for sport or exercise.
Watch TV. eat microwaved food.

2 lnterview differcnt students in the class. lf

someone has done something. ask more questions Lesson 10.3 Exercise 1 b (page 88)
and take notes. New York, Madrid and Osaka haven't yet hosted
Which country did rou visit first! Did )'OU /i/..f' itt the Summer Olympic Carnes.

3 After your Intervlews, tell your parlner aboul the

different studenls.

Review Units 10-12 Exercise 8 (page 109)

Student B
You want to arrange Lo meet Student A next week for coee. Use this timetabfe lo try to find a time that suits
you both. You don'L wanl to meet al nine o'clock!

Monday TUflday Wednesday Thursday Friday

9.00
. , Lecture (Maths) Tutonal (Maths)

10.00 Leaure (Maths) lecture (Malhs) Study group lectura (Physics)

11.00 Tutonal (PhysK:s) LJbrary Tutonal (Boology) Study group lectu.. (Boology)
Leaure (BIOlogy) L.ibrary Lunch with Arma Study group
12.00
ll.00 : ':' .. .. ., : .... WNQt -.. . . .
14.00 lectu re (Boology) Hodey pracuce
15.00 Study group lectu .. (PhysK:s) Hodey p,acnce
16.00 Study group Lecture (Physics)
COMMUNICAl ION ACTIVITIES 115
 Lesson 4.4 Exercise 2 (page 38)
This morning l fclt awful. I had a Shc put her stcthoscope around her antibiotics and wc snid goodbyc. l
bad carache and a stomach achc ncck and listcned to my chcst. She rook theprescription to thc chemist's
and a pain in my chcst, so I wcnt to chcckcd my pulse and my blood and gor rbe medicinc. In thc cvcning,
thc local GP. The waiting room was prcssure. I phoncd Abiguil and told her nbour
crowdcd. Onc man had a horrible 'Havc you lost nny weighr rcccntly?' my visir to thc doctor.
red rash on his facc. A woman was sbc asked. 'You'vc had that stmnuch probkm
coughing ali the time. A young man -xo,' I rcplicd. don'r think ll.' 1 for sorne time,' shc said. \Xy
in a wheelchair had his lcg in plnster. said I didn't know cxuctly bccausc don"r thcy rcfcr you to u spccicl-r>
Therc wcrc a lot of clderly pcople. thc bnthroom serles wcrc brokcn. You nced a sean. 111cn thcy can
Thcy wcrc probably waiting for \'Ccll. your chcst is clcar,' shc said, sce what's going un. Make anothcr
thcir flu injections. 1 waitcd for ages. 'but you'vc got nn car infcc:tion. appointmcnt with the doctor for
Fmally, the doctor calkd my namc. J'm putting you on a course of latcr this wcck. Ask her to scnd you
\X'hen I cntered her room, shc was nnubcucs. Thc stomach probkm to thc hospital.'
l>itting at thc computcr. Shc twncd is probably jusr a bug. Thcrc's a lot 'OK,' 1 said.
to facc me. 'Good morning.' going round at the momcnt.' In thc cnd, Abigail bccamc cross.
'Good morning.' 'Do I nccd a blood test?' Shc thinks thc Natlonnt Health
'And wbat's thc problcm today?' Scrvicc has gol a lot worsc. 'You
'No, not at thc momcnt.'
l cxplaincd thc problcm. She necd privare hcalthcarc,' shc said.
She gavc me a prcscription for thc
cxamincd mc. Shc looked in my enrs.

Lesson 5.3 Exercise 7a (page 45)

Student A
You have photos for lwo o the links on the website:
Animal Hunting (C1 and C2) and Animal Captivity
{E1 and E2). For each pair of photos, decide which
one is best or each link, and why. Telephone the
Communications Director. Describe all your photos
and make your recommendations. Use the words in
thc box to help you.

e ,1gl' gun huntcr loe 1,.

polkc. officN tigN kin

116 COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES

Lesson 5.4 Exercise 8a (page 47) Lesson 3.2 Exercise 9 (page 25)
Sludent B
Volcanoes are one of the most impressive features
of the natural world. Toe largest active volcano in 1 look at the crossword and prepare definitions
the world is Mauna Loa (4,170m) on Hawaii, in the for the words you have. (Do no! indude the word in
the defrnition!)
Pacific Ocean. Everybody can recognise a volcano.
but are they all the same? Mount Fuji {3.776m) is 2 Ask your partner for deinitions for the missing
perhaps the worto's most famous volcano because words and complete the crossword.
of its almos! perfect shape - a cone with quite steep
sides. This essay looks at two famous volcanoes in
USEFUL PHRASES
different countries. Unlike Mauna Loa. Mount Fuji

in Japan is a dorman! volcano which last erupted What's onc down? What's two across?
in 1707. To summarise. Mauna Loa is higher than lhis is sorncone who . This is a machine that ...
Mount Fuji but the sides of Mount Fuji are steeper. This is somcthing that . lt's ...
Mauna Loa is an active volcano. The last eruption
Thrs is an adjcctive
was m 1964. lts sides slope gently, and ttus shape
whlch rne,ms ...
of votcano is less dangerous than other kinds. In
contrast. Mount Fuji is dormant. Mauna Loa last
erupted m 1984 whereas the last eruption of Mount

Fuji was in 1707. In conclusion, we can see that o '

these two volcanoes have more differences than u
similarities, but they both catch our imagination. 's E R E s
,
N
Lesson 6.2 Exercise 9 (page 51)
A
Student A: You wanl to start your own business.
With your partner, make two lists: l

1 thc problcms you might facc.

2 thc solutions to thosc problcms. s

Problems Solulions T
.. thc bank docsn't lcnd borrow sorne frorn m)
N N
vou ,111 mane, familv

thc bustnc-s fati get ,1 joh wnh a

N A T NGILJ [

cornponv / trv agen E w

R T E l E V s O N
Try to think of sorne more problems and solulions. V p
Then role-play the situation with your partner.
A
What'fl you do if rhe J:,,,nk doesn'l lend you Jll)'
moneyt e A M E R A p

- /'JI borrow som(' from my (.unily. w E

Yes, hui ... R
Now do the same with this situation.
Student 8: You want to live on your own.
Lesson 6.4 Exercise 4b (page 54)

Problems Solutlons p
fecl loncli phone rnv fricnds C\.liolt11ct ill i11c,-u.st M ..iitfYik.tt11tJ. to ltAvt cuv
* run out of moncy l orne home .x, p
k.ow.t.s. t,\)J..1,t ,..t tA11 J.o I btfvt tMt "1tJ.. ptoplt
'
.skoul). P'\ l"-Ol't tAl( AM tkt ovt11w.t11.t w.ust p,-oviJ.t
,JjJJ p
W.Ol't OCCAliOlll fov- poo, ptoplt
Now corree! !he mistakes.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 117

 Lesson 7 .4 Exercise 3b (page 64)
Susan Greenfield is Professor of Pharmacology at the elegant and brilliant
University of Oxford and Director of the Royal lnstitution. cooks!). In Britain, if a
She is one of Britain's best-known scientists. Here she woman takes time out to
tells us about sorne probtems facing women in science. have a child atthis very
Schools in the UK are not doing enough to encourage important stage in her
girls to study science. There are no physical differences, career, things can be
I believe, between men's and women's brains, but there very hard for her later.
are ditferences in how meo and women process II she wants to retum
knowledge. Most school sctence is about leaming facts, to won: after having
and boys are happier about facts, and gettmg somethmg children, it is difficult
right or wrong. 1 think that women have always had to compete WTth men
more complicated lives so they are more interested in who, meanwhile, have
evatuating things. Schools have to show what you can published a number of
do with lacts. Toen girls will be more interested. academic papers.
Wamen who want a career in science can tace a Then there is the
number of difficulties. One of them is male attitudes. question of confidence. l believe that, at sorne point in
Early in my career, 1 was often the only woman worldng their careers. someone needs to give women scientlsts
in my \ab in Oxford. Amale colleague called me slmply sorne confidence. They have to have more confidence
'the girl'. Over the years, men - and it is always men in their abilities to be good scientists, to apply forjobs
- have made comments to me such as 'You don't look and to do good interviews. When women talk about
like a scientist' 1 realised that there was a problem in the their experience and skills, for example, they need to
UK when I went to France. In the Jab where I worked in talk about the six out of ten thlngs that they have, not to
Paris, the atmosphere was different Thiswas beca use apo!ogise for the four out of ten that they don't heve.
about 50% of the peo ple working there were female. In the end, if you are nota woman, and if you are nota
The issue of children is atso very important for female sciennst, the issue of women in science might nor seem
scientists in their late 20s or early 30s. In the lab in Peris. very imponant But if you are both those things, you
might feef uncenain about where your career or lite is
having children did not have a negative effect on the
going.
careers of the French women (who were also super

Lesson 9.3 Exercise 7a (page 79) Lesson 8.1 Exercise 6 (page 67)
Student A

1 You buy new products for Route One. You are

inlerested in a new digital camera, Model DO, that
QUl2
is sold by Guangdong Digital. Read your company
information below. How long should it take peoplt to fall
asleep at night?
Your ideal order is 500 cameras. You can increasc How many hours sleep do parents lose a ye.ar
this, but you are not sure how popular the camera when they have a new baby?
will be.
Why is it difficult to sleep on hot summer
You would like to pay about 580 pe- ilem.
nights?
Your company would like a fast dclivery, so that
What is the record for the longest period of time
)'OU can soon scll thc cameras to the shops.
without sleep?
2 Before you begin the negotiation, look back at How many hours a night did people sleep 150
the lesson on pages 78 and 79 and choose more years ago?
phrases for the box below. lf you can't sleep, you should count sheep. True
or false?
USEFUL PHRASES lf you fe.el sleepy when you're driving, 1t is a

What is the pricc pcr itcm! That's a deal! good idea to open the wmdow, or play loud
music. True or false?
Losing sleep can make you fat True or false?
E\ephants sleep standing up durmg non-REM
sleep, but lie down for REM sleep. True or false?
Fish clase their eyes when lhey sleep. True or
fatse?
3 Now have the meeting with Guangdong Digital
and negotiate a deal. Check your answers on page 121.

118 ACTIVITIES
Lesson 8.4 Exercise 6 (page 73) Lesson 8.3 Exercise 7a (page 71)

5 Suddcnly, Kupe hadan idea. He threw sorne bigwater

containers into the sea. The octopus thought that the
comainers were people. tt released the canoe and
attacked the containers. Al that moment. Kupe umped
onto the back of the octopus. He raised his sharp knife
high into the er. He struck the ocropos hard on the
head and killed it.
6 FinaHy, ater a dificult joumey o thousands of miles
aod the defeat of the giant octopus. Kupe's people
coutd serte on this new and wooderful land of IWO
islands. Aotearoa.

Lesson 9.1 Exercise H (page 75)

Sludent A
Find someone in your class who used to do these
lhings. Try to find a different person for each
question. Try to continue the conversation by asking
other questions.
Example
,ot: Did you LJS(' to ride horSC'S when )'OLJ were
roung?
..TUO(Nl: tes. I did.
H)l: 1-fou old were you then?
'iTl'Dl:"1: Aboul thirteen ...
OR
H)l : Did you use to ride horses when you were
}'Otmg?
STL OCNT: )'c>s, I did. And I still ride horses!
Find someone- who used to ...
Name Olher
information
1 ridc horses

2 havc very long hair

3 cotlcct stamps

4 cry a lot as a baby

5 be shy

6 have big blrthday

parties
7 dream a lot

Tell your parlner one or two interesting things you

have found out!

1
( OMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 119
 /
( \"
....
. \' - -. ,
Lesson 10.1 Exercise & (page 85)
Student A

'
.

''- . .
' '. .
I
\, J
Luciano Pavarotti and Jane Goodall are on UN duty next Luciano Pavarolli
week. Pavarotti has a special interest in children's rights
and inlernational peace. Goodall has a special interest
in animal conservation and economic development.
Ask and answer queslions with your partner to
complete their appointment diaries. Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall
\onrlav Tues<l.iv \\t'(IOl'',d,1, ThuN.l,w hn\,11
a.m. 10.00 a.m. s 1.m. 10. IO ,1.m. 11.lO ,1.m. 'J.00.1.m .
---
Vi,i1 .m animal '><11,.m Vi1t ,1 mn ro-r rrdu thr-
.ihout th( trip 10 Kcn'y,l p,ir\..
' pro1'C t
Ml't.'1
Icononur ,
Minitl'r (JI

'
lhSIH'<.'J..
p.m. lravel lo t'n't;i 1.00p.m. 2.00 p.m. Co to .m p.m. f lv back tu 1',t.v Yorl.
p.m.J uvo lunc.h wirh the "
flti11c at 2.00 I animal h0<;JJ1!.1l trreet ' - (Jt..\H! .JI 'i.00 p.m.)
Animal Cnnserv,1tion
( orrmuncc
'-- .11 .t.00 p.111.)

6.00 p.m.
'
luciano Pavarotti

Mnnd.1 Tul...dav \.\'('c!m"'>(l,1\ Thur,c:l.i\ fmL1\

.1.m.
tJ.00 .1.111.
,1, 0.00 .i.m. <).l0.1 m. 10.JO ,1111 . 9.00a.m.
Give .1 1 V in1crvi<w
.1bm11 thc trip tu India -- Go to .i h1>-pital Mt<t.'I tlw Ho.tlth
(nx<t.I tht ,;t.1f1 \\ ho lool.. Minitt'f
1 lold ,l prcv,
l onwr1n11 ,, ith tlu-
this \\ t't.I.. ,1ftN 1Jw rhiklren ,11 pre<,ick,n1 ot thc Pt'.Jt1
11.00 ,1.111.) in AlntJ C ommittw
,,
p.m. TrJvcl tu lndiJ 1.00p.m. 4.00p.m.
"
p.m.
"" -
lc,1vt ,it 11 p.m.) l l,l\t' lunth with the Givc ,1 prt;Cnt,11ion to
hc,ulm.11tr o tlw 111(' UN rvacc i11 Ark,1
--
sc hool Cornmiuec
-1.00p.m.

"'
Lesson 10.3 Exercise 7a (page 89)
Paire
Your city is Madrid in Spain. Look al the information be[ow and prepare a shorl prcsenlalion. Use adjcctives
and adverbs lo emphasise the good lhings about your city. When your group is ready, give your presentation.
Remember, emphasise that your city is the best!

(f)" Mdrid
City ,1(f'- In the centre o thc country
Populntton: six million
wcathcr: hot and dry, 12 "C
Spcclal ambitinn / The Green Games
conccpl The Carnes will pay for ncw green creas and wildlifc parks.
WL will use green clt'<.1ritity {from solar aud wind powcr) .
 Sports venucs 1\11 the vcnucs are in the ci1y.
85'\, ,1lrc,lCly edst.
60{, o vcnucs will be r O mins from thc villagc.
.:19% o vonucs will he 20 mins trom thc villagc.
1 ., o \Cl1Ul'S will be 35 mins frnm the villilgc .
A1hlt1cs' lhcrc will he 7,000 doublc r<X)rno; in o;m,,11 blocks.
J<..cornrm >ria t ion After !he GJmCS, 1he vill,1gc will be ,1 new residcnti,11 arca, ,l mix!Lll' o .:;ociill and priv,1tc
housini., sc.hools ,md hcillth ccn!rc.'S.
Transport We will use puhlic. trilnsport only -1hcrt will lw no cxlril Cilr p.irl,..!>.
9011u of vcnucs will be <;crvcd hy rall ilnd rnelro lincs .
n1crc will he speci.il bu.:;c.:; ,md bus IJnt'S .

120 COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES

Lesson 1.4 Exercise 2 (page 12)

mi l.u:l,'odectve cm:, r:11n1 ad

1 slightly cold, especial!y in a nice way ) opposue I\AAM. 1 very good: We sell fine food from around the world. 1
lt was hot in the doy. but plearontly roo/ at nighl I The team gave a fine performance.
After his run, he hod o shower ando long, coo/ drink. 2 very thln, or in very small pieces or amounts: a shampoo
2 calm, rather than nervous or excited: She tried to stay for fine hair I a scarf made from vcry fine silk I Thc sand
coof and nat ponic. here is fine and soft.
3 spal<an 111form.11 if you say that someone or something 3 ,,, good enough: '/'ve only got water to drmk.' Thot's
is cool, you like or admire them: ft was a real/y cool fine:
party last night. 4 healthy and reasonably happy: 'How is your
mother?' 'She's fine, thanks.'
5 if the weather is fine, it is sunny and not raining: I hope
it stays fine far the picnic.

aJ hut odf('drve hotter, hottest

1

1 something that is hot has a high temperature: lt was

a very hot day. 1 You'll feel better aher a hor bath. 1 My
coffee is sti/1 too hot to drnk.
l\jj j 11 /1.li'J/ adeetWL'
2 hot food has a burmng taste because it has a lot of 1 easy to see, hear, or understand: His writing isn't very
c/ear. 1 Sorne of the exam questians weren't very clear.
spices in it: o dish of hot. spicy meot and vegetables 2 if something is dear, it is certain and people can't doubt
it: lt soon became cleor that John was lymg to us. 1
Sarah made it cleor thot she wanted to come Wllh us. 1
lt's not clear how mony people were hurt
3 il a substance or liquid is clear, you can see through it:
m, ,t.d 'odecttv(> clearglass
1 lt Is dark when it is dark, it is night time: lr's anly five 4 a clear sky has no douds
o'clock and lt's olreody dork. 11 want ta get home
befare it gets dark (- becomes dark). 1 Come ins,de
it's dark out (- it is dark outside).
2 a dark place is one where there rs little or no light: a
durk. quiet roum I lt was very darle in the lorest and we
CD dn11 adJ(XttVe drier. driest
could hardly see, 1 something that is dry has no water in 11 or on it: Gel a
3 a dark colour is strong and doser lo black than to dry towel out of the cupboord.
white: a dork b/ue dress \ /'d Ir/ce a corpet that's a bit 2 if your mouth, throat, 01 skin is dry, it does not have
darlcer than this one. enough of the natural liquid that is usually in it: My sic in
4 someone who is dark or who has dark hair or eyes gets so dry in the wfnter.
has black or brown skin, hair or eyes: a beoutilul darlc- 3 if the weather has been dry, there 1s no rain: lt's been a
haired woman I Tony's dad was dark, but his mother very dry summer.
had blande hair.

111Ml t,r;w fldve

1something that is bright shines a lot or has a lot of light:
- 1 l111i "': 111
' Ne'
the bright {lames of the condles I a nice bright room
1 quite hot: lt's lovely and warm in th1s room. l Cover the 2 bright colours are strong and not dark: a bunch of
bowl to lceep the soup warm. 1 lt was a warm doy so bright yellaw flowers
we set outsde. 3 intelligent: Mana is one al the brightest students in the
2 warm clothes stop you from feeling cold: 1 must buy a
school.
warm coat to wear this winler. - brightness noun {na plural]
3 lriendly: We gave the vistng students a wann
welcome

From Longman Wordwisc Dic1io11ary i,ditl 111,llld1Qdl'(IM

1 not too severe, strong or serious: Dean hada mild cose
of llu a mild punishment
2 not having a strong taste: The sauce is very mild.
3 mild weather is not too cold: lt's very mild far January.

Lesson 8.1 Exercise 6 (page 67)

10-15 minutes - Iess than five 11 days False. The best and safest thing
minutes means you'rc sleep- 9-10 hours, but this changed to do is to stop, and takc a nap.
deprlved. w1th thc seasons. True. New research show-s a
400-750 hours False, according to sorne connection between lack of
Wc need to cool down befcre cxperts. They think it may be sleep and obesity.
we can slccp. and this is more more dislracting than relaxing. True
difficult in summer. Relaxing imagery or thoughts False. Fish don'l havc cyelids.
may be better.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 121

 t.esson 10.3 Exercise 7a (page 89)
PairA
Your city is Osaka in Japan. look at the information be/ow and prepare a short presentation. Use adjectives
and adverbs to emphasise the good things about your city. When your group is ready, give your presentation.
Remember, emphasise that your city is the best!

Cit) facts On thc COOSI

Population: threc million
wcathcr: hot and humid, 32 "C
Spectal ambition I The Carnes on the Sea
concepl \Ve will use very mcxlcm tcchnologv and build magnificent islands in thc sea for the Carnes.
\VC' will build thrcc artificial islands in Osaka Bay- two far thc sports vences and one for tbc
Olympic vill,1ge.
Sports vcnucs Nonc o thc vences currently exist, so \\C' \\ ill build thc mosl mcxlem sports facilities in thc
world. The best in thc world.
5C1'o of thc \COUCS wil1 be on two o the artificial islands.
50"0 of the venucs will be on the mainland.
50"1., of vermes wilt be 15 mins from the villagc {island to isl,ind).
50"!., of vcnues will be 30-45 mins from the villagc (island to mainland).
Athletcs' Thc Olympic village will be on thc central artificial island.
,1ccommodation Ihcrc will be 14,000 single rooms.
Aftcr thc gamcs, wc will scll the apartrrents on rhc privale housing markct.
Transpon The mainland has an cxcellcnl rail servicc.
Then- will be errics and lrain tunnels bctwccn the lslaods.

Lesson 11.3 Exercise 6a (page 97)

Project title Sl4)er Streets Project title Vlllage of Wnd
Project description The em ot the proiect IS to clean the streets Project description The am of the proect is to create a
of graffrtr and litter and to reduce cnme. Members of the local corrmnty wind farm. lt MI prov.de electncrry far k>cal homes
commurwty wil form street Teams' v.hch wil be respoosble fOf and we wil sel extra electncrty r1 order to rarse mooey for
cleanng up graffitJ and er. Toe teams WII also be ri close contact other convoorvty proects.
v.ith the police to heb light street crwne. CClV WII mean the street
teams can see anb-socia\/cnmrl\al behavloor easity. Benefits of the Proiect
1 lt wil prOl/lde green electncrty for the Vllage (aod fight
Beneflts of the project
global w,m,ng).
1 The local area IS very run-OovKt There is a lot of graffib and
2 lt wtll reploce an ugly JiM hl ilrmg and ,t wil tlwn an
ru'lblsh. Toe street teams wll be able to clean ttw,gs ltl
area of wasteland 1nto a modem wmd farm.
mmediately and create a better local enworment.
3 lt WIII make money for the cormuvty by seli"lg electncrty
2 The local cOf!WTUity Yil take reSJX)l'lsMty to- the klcal area. to the cOlfltry. Tus mooey wiD .nd a youth clb and a
3 The street teams wil lllClude chki"en and addts, and thls wil
social centre for the elderly.
bmg the meni>ers of the corrmrvty closer together.
4 lt wil have an educabon,lexhbbon centre. so that children

-
4 There has been a k>t of street crme. llus wil het> reace the
aod adJts can leam about global waffilng and ways to
crrne and make the streets safer.
5 A safer and cleaner envrrooment WII attract new busnesses to
the area. Budget
Budget Total cost !70.000
Total cost: .55,000 Costs breakdown
Costs breakdown Clear.n:e of wasteland: il0.000
aear,ng eqopment .H0.000 lnstallabon of ten Wl"ld turbrnes: !60.000
Purchase of ten CClV cameras: !40.000 Note: There \'.il be no arrua! costs because the wmd fam, wil
Management of the CClV cameras: .5.000 per year make money that wil pay lor mairrtel\ance and management.

122 COMMUNICATION ACTJVITIES

 ,. 1
Lesson 10.1 Exercise 6 (page 85)
Sludent 8
luciano Pavarotti and Jane Goodall are on UN duty
nexl week. Pavarolli has a special interest in children's
'.

,'

. '
'

2 J I
rights and inlernational peace. Goodall has a special
interest in animal conservation and economic
development.

Ask and answer questions with your partner to

complete their appointmenl diaries. Jane Goodall luciano Pa varotti

Jane- Goodall
Mond., TUHd.lv Wednesda" lhursdav Fridav
a.m. 10.00J.m. 11.00,l m. 10.30.1.m. 11 JO a.m. ()_{)() a.m.
MCC'1 ,
I tnlcl ,l prc Uln{'r('IIU' vtsn an ,min1.1I "<IJn Glvc J radio mtl'fVl'\\ s
ahoul thc uip to Keoya
lhi \\('(l '""'
p.m. Tr,n'(_l to t.cn,,1
' p.m. ?.OOp.m.
ce to !
I.JOp.m. '
!lt',l\(' di
' p.m.l ' slaff ,ll 4.00 p.m.\
{ffit_I lnh:.-rv1tw sorne \\'Oll'l('O
f-o use micr()-(.rl..:lit '
6.00 p.m.
11,ne dirme-r with lhe
US Amb.1!,,ldor

Luciano Pavarotti
Monda Te----- w........... Thursdav Frida"
,1.m <J (J0..1.m. 10.00,l.lll. <J.30 ,1.m. 10.10,1.m. q.{)() n.m,
' Viil a '-Chool for strt'C'I
childrco "
!Ol('{' al " " -
11.00J.m.)

p.m. T1,1\cl 10 India I.CXlp.m. 4.00p.m. 1.101>.m. Fly b,1d. to NPW York
ucave ,ll J.00 p.m.! Smg at 1..hildreo\ Gi\'t' a prt"-1.'ntation 10 (1f'a\l(' at 3.00 p.m.)
"
4.00p.m.
d
p,1rty J! rhe hospit,11 thc UN Peacc 111 Arica
Ccmrmuec
'\('(>! thc hcad o Ihc
101.al UN ci(,p.1rtmmt

Lesson 4.3 Exercise 8 (page 37)

Student A Student B
Job: Senior manager Job: Personal assistant to senior manager
Health problems: Health problems:
Can't concentrate. Frequent headaches. Make Sore throat. often lose voice. Cough and sneeze a lot. Eyes are
simple mistakes. Sometimes get stomach aches. often red and sore. Feel a little better when senior manager lsn't
Work routines/habits: in the offtce.
Often work late. A lot of responsibihties. Personal Work routines/habits:
assistant not very good. so otten also do his/her Comfortable chair, but no wmoow in office.
work. Often have blg and long business lunches. Office is m an old building which is difflcult to clean.
General lifestyle: Many indoor plants in office - senior manager likes them.
Eat a lot of heavy food and meat. You smoke. Don't have any of these problems at home.
Play squash once a week. General lifestyle:
Take a lot of headache medicine. Uve ,n a large modem house.
Vegetarian. Never smoke.
Enjoy gardening. but no plants in house.
Go swimmlng once a week - but often have sore eyes after
swimming. Do yoga.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 123

 Lesson 11.2 Exercise 5b (page 95) Lesson 9.1 Exercise 8 (page 75)
Sludent 8
look at these ideas about cutting down waste.
Then discuss these questions in your groups. Find someone in your class who used to do these
things. Try to find a different person for each
question. Try to continue the conversalion by asking
other questions.
t'(ample

1 Send e-caros (for oo1hdays. etc) and not pa,er or can! ,OL: Die/ )OU u-e to pf,1) tbe piano \\hen vcu
ones. The thougtrt is what's important, not the material. wo-c young?
2 Give old toys to other families. STl'D[1',T: res, I did.
3 Reuse plastic bags. To help you remember to do lhis, VOL: l low old were 1-ou thcn?
keep some in your pocket or bag - they don't take up 'iHII>,T: \,Ve//, I suned when I u.H aboul -x ...
much space. OR
4 Buy your fru and vegetabo!s from a local matl<et. HX..: Oid you use to play the piano 11hen you
5 Think beforn you print How many times have yoo were )Oung?
printed something an<I no1 looked at it again? lf you do 'iTUOC'1J: )<'s, I did. And I sti/1 play the piano!
print, use both sides of a piece of paper.
6 Hire videos and DVDs rather than buying them. Find someone whn used fo ...
7 save about 40 litres of water a time by having showers Name Otber
lnstead of baths. information

1 Which do vou alrcady know about? Which ere OC'\\ pl.i) thc piano
lo youf
2 Which do )OU do? Which couk }'OU do? 2 be afraid of thc dark
3 \Vhich are gcod ideas? Are thcrc any 'fOU don't
likc? Why? l arguc with his/her
parents
Lesson 11.4 Exercise 10 (page 99) -1 car a 101 o S\, ccts
Plans or a new airport terminal
1.000 local rcsidcnts intervicwcd cFchrua) 4-111 5 wear black clotbcs
(,.4t\, ,1gains1 ne\, terminal - ,iiruaft noisc, more all rhc time
trafflc on local roads 6 draw picturcs o his/
2 50 in Iavour - good for local busincsses her recebos JI school
11 0 undccided - nccd more informalion abour 7 wakc up \-ery carlt
thc pl,111,;
9-l"o lhink gov ernmcnt should pa) more allcntion
lo, ic,,s of local residente; Tell your partner one or two inleresting things you
have found out!
Lesson 12.1 Exercise 1c (page 100)
Do this sports quiz. Then check your answers on
page 114.

1 The firsl lable tenms match wos 4 In fencmg clathes musl be wh1te True 8 In whtCh cvtture did gymnOS11CS
between two university studenls AJ 0t false? begin?
wh1eh un,versity? oJ Romon
aJ Beijmg, China 5 ln orchery, whol colour is lhe centre of bJ Anclenl Greek
the largef?
bJ BoJono noty d /ncan
d Combndge. UK 6 Which spor1 IS conneeled wilh the
9 What musical instrvment Is connected
Amenca's Cup?
2 Which sport took !he nome of with drogon boal roong?
someone's house? 7 In cydng. whot colour sh1rt does rhe
10 Where were !he firsl footbaU World
al badminton leoder ofthe Tour de Froncewear" Cup finals 1n 1930?
bl hockey
el polo O/ Chile
bJS-
3 The highesl grade of judo is !he block cJ Swltzerland
bell True or false? di Un,guoy

124 {.OMMUNICATION ACTlVITIES

Lesson 10.3 Exercise 7a (page 89)
Pair B
Your city is New York in the USA. Look at the information below and prepare a short presentation. Use adjectives
and adverbs to emphasise the good things about your city. When your group is ready, give your presentation.
Remember, emphasise that your city is the best!

Cil) "n,. Yor& . rf,._-.'. . :C- _,,,_-. :..._ . - .

City focts On thc ccast
Population: 8.5 million
woathcr: hor and humid, lR "C
Spccial ambition / The lnner-City Carnes

conccpt Thc Carnes will improve poor inner-city parts of thc c.il} - thcre \\ ill be ncw housing, ncw sports
facilities and ncw parks.
Sports \.COUCS We will hace thc largcsr sports vcnucs C'VCr for rhc 01\ mpics.
All thc vcnucs will be in thc cif) centre.
65'\, alrcady cxtst.
40% of vcnucs will be 20 mins from thc \ Hl,1gc.
30''., of vcnucs will he 30 mins from tbc villagc.
301" of venucs will be 50 mins from thc \ lllagc.
Athleree' The Olympic villagc will be in a poor arca of lhc cil), next to tbe rivcr.
accommodation Thcre will be 7,000 doublc roorns. in skyscrapcrs 120 loorsl.
Thc apartmcnts will go on sale, as prvate housing. 10 thc public ,1f1er rhc Garncs.
Transpon \.\IC' will huild extra car parks and roads for rhc vcnucs.

lhcrc will be spccial buses for thc Gamcs .

--
Lesson 5.3 Exercise 7b (page 45)
Student 8
You have photos for two of the links on the website:
Animal Hospitals (81 and 82) and Animal Sanctuaries
(01 and 02). For each pair of phctos, decide which
one is best for each link, and why. Telephone the
Communicalions Director. Describe all your photos
and make your recommendations. Use the words in
the box to help you .
111irn.1I kccpcr hold lic clown listen
mx k wfndo
COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 125
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Form thc presenr conlinuous with the auxiliary be+
the -ing form of the main vcrb.
lgI] Prcsent simple l'm trying to finish thls exercise.
He isn't staying wilh us right now.
Use thc prcscnt simple to talk about facts and things Is it raining? Yes, it is. I No, it isn't.
that are gcncmlly true.
We usu.illy jusi add ing to the end of thC' main verb,
II rains a lot in Britain.
but note thesc spclling changes:
Use the prescnt simple also to talk about regular
Verbs ending .e, remove .e .ind add ing: livc - fing.
actions and habits.
Wc have a skiing holiday evcry wintcr. Vcrbs cnding in vowel + most consonants, doublc
the consonan! and add -ing: gel - gelling, lravcl
Formation - travclling \but nol with vowel + -y: play- pla)fog).
Wi1h thc proscnt simple of thc vcrb be, use am, is or
Time expressions
are in afflrrnatlve statements, questions and negatlves.
We oftcn use time exprcssions with the prescnt
He is always vcry fricndly.
continuous, c.g. na,v, today, currently, these da)!>.
Are you lntcrested in travclling?
We're staving al a fricnd's housc al the moment.
l'm not often hcrc at rhc wcckends.
With thc prescnt simple of other vcrbs, use thc vcrb I G3] Present simple and present continuous
on its own in affirmativc statcmcnts. Use thc prcscnt simple for regul.Jr actions and !he
Thcy work in the same office as me. prescnt continuous for .icrions in progrcss.
! Rcrnemhcr to add -s to thc maln vcrb after he/she/it. Prcscnt simple: Jt rains every day in \\ inter.
Pctcr llvcs in a rcelly big housc. Presenl continuous: 11 isn't raining al the moment.
Note thesc spelling changos aftcr helshe/it: Wc use IXlth thc prcscnt simplc ancl lhe pr<.-scnt
Vcrbs tnding in 5, -sh, -cb, 7, X or -o, add -<'S: c.onlinuous with vcrbs that describe- aclions (action
washes. vcrbs), c.g. rain, work, play.
Vcrbs cnding in consonant + y, change y to ies: Thc childrcn play with thcir fricnds on Saturda)'S.
carrles. Th<' children are playing football now.
Thc vcrb bsve bccornos h,1s acr hf'/sfa4il. Some verbs dcscrihc statcs (st.1tc vcrbsl such as
Africa has ,1 lot of problcms. fcdings and situalions, e.g. /x>, wanl, beli!'ve, f..now,
Use c/o/d0<s to form thc ncgave and qucstions.
understand, li.l.e. These verhs don'! usu.illy have a
c:ontinuous form.
Wc don't live near hcre.
I want drink . ./ l'n, m!!itling a drink. )(
Docs your country have a lot of storms?
Sorne vcrbs can be statc or aclion verbs, c.g. thinf..
Prcscnt simple short answers use doldoes.
I think this cily is beautiul. (= this is m, opinion)
Yes, it does. I No, it doesn't.
l'm thinking aboul whal In we.ir. (= decidingl
Use do/doe or am/is/.ue to form qucstlons wlth who,
what, when, where, '1011, 11h>, nhic:h.
When docs winter stnrt herc?
I KEY LANGUAG( 1
What is your namc IKiJ Agreeing and disagreeing
Advcrbs and time expressions So do l. Ncithcr do l. Do you( 1 don'!.
We otcn use odverbs of frequency with thc prcsent Don't )'OU? 1 do.
simple, e.g. a/wars, ot!'n, sometimcs, nevot, lhe ndvcrb
comes after thc vcrb te. but befare othcr verbs.
lt's never really hol in Scotland.
I VOCABULARY I
lt docsn't oten snow in London. (yjJ Types of weather
Wc con also use time cxprcssions with thc prcscnt blizzard, drought, fog. hurricane, ke, rain, !>nmv,
simple, c.g. C'very day, once a 1H>e.l., every ye,ir. Wc slorm, sun, wind
usually put these ,1t thc cnd of the sentcncc.
11,c ncws is on BBC al 6.00 every evening. lviJ Weather adjectives
bright, clear, cloucly, cold, cool, dark, dry, fine, foggy,
hot, humid, mild, rainy, snowy, stormy, sunny. w,irm,
Use the prcscnt continuous to describe an action wel, wincly
ruppcning now cr around now. (y!] Activities
Wc're having an English lcsson at thc momcnt.
horse rirling. mountain biking. scuba diving, sea
Use thc prcscnt continuous nlso to describe a kayaking, skiing, snorkclling. snowboarding. trekking,
chauglng situation. ,1,-hite-watcr r,1ting. wildlic w,ilching
Thc wcather in thc UK is definitcly getting hotter.
IYiJ Modifiers
cxtremC'ly, quite, really, VCI)

126 IIJjfj@ languagc rcfcrence

 Extra practice
19] 1 Put the words in arder lo make sentences IKL f 5 Complete the conversation with phrases
(affirmative or negative) or questions. a-e.

1 snowboarding otcn go I in wintcr al Do ,ou? ch OK. fino.

hl Don'! vou el So do l.
2 no\ < old in wrv it i<; thc UK el No, ncither do l.

.,: Lors look al thcsc brochurcs and ind somcthlng for

3 pcople do whcn in skiing vour go countrv ! our summcr holida,.
R: 1_ hu! l don't want ,l heach holid.1, this vcar.
4 ,1 101 o c1re in droughts Africa thcre '\: !._ 1 think an ,1ctivi1y holida, would he good, for
a changc.
5 btking likc you mcuntan do H: l_ but I don'! ltke water sports .
... : 4_ 1 do. Bu! rhere ,in. othcr sports o o can look
6 countr, cbangcablc thc is vour wcather in ? al. 1 like thc idea of a horse-riding holidav.
u: ves. thars ,l good idea. \-\lhcrc can wc go horsc
7 \'OU ,;wimming do whcrc go riding?
\: \\lt"'II, thorc JrL' holldavs herc in South Amerlca. hut
8 neccr the snows it jungle in l think that's a long \\.l)' for l\\o \\C'C'ki..
11: - 1 don'! agrcc - thc flight,; are onh ohout ninc
hours to Brazil.
r-c2,3] 2 Choose the correct form. .,: Oh, OK thcn. Lct's look ,11 Socth Amcrka.
1 Thc wcothcr in thc UK chang,:, / is dJ.Jngin;
lht!,t dl) s. IViJJ 6 Find adjectives and nouns in V1 and
2 Summcrs !{t'I / ,1fP g('tling hotter all thc ttmo. V2 to describe these types of weather or weather
conditions.
3 \\'t' somcnmcs h,ll'C' / .irc h,n in; 'mim-droughts'
in summcr. Adjectives
4 Thi,;; couses i L,w,ing problcms e\el) vc,ir. 1 Ir isn't cold but it isn't \C'f\ hot. 1,,mn
5 \'\IC' can't water our g.,rrlf'n<; so a lot of thc pl.mts 2 lfs hot ,md C\C\lhing fcds quite ,,,et.
die ,m, d)ing. 3 You tan'! scc \l:'\ Jr.
..J II isn't r,1ining. but ,ou c,1111 Set' thc sun.
3 Look at the answers. Then write the questions
from these prompts in the present simple or presenl Nouns
continuous. 5 lt's vcn hot ami dr.; therC''s aln,oI no r,1in.
1 livc I city or countrvsidc! 6 lt's ,er., \CI) \\inch.
7 11' snm, ing and \Cf\ wind,.
I livc in thc <.il).
2 intcrcstcd in <.porte;?
im 7 Complete these lists with the acth,ities in
V3. (You can use the activities more than once.)
1 \Vedo thesc on or in ,,.11cr: cuhJ di1 in&, ,
Ye,;, l'ru vcrv intcrestcd in tennis.
3 ,,ori.. hard / at the momcnt? ----
2 Wc n('(>(! animals for thl"-t:' ,KI\ itil><;: ,
3 \Ve do thcse ,Kti, ilies on ,;ncJ\\: --,
Yl'<., 1 arn. but 1 alwavs work h.irdl ..J \Ve do lh('S(' acti, ilies cm 1.md: , , ,
4 whcn I usuullv relax?
------
I USlJ,1 lly relax ,1! thc weekend. IY!] 8 Complete each statement with a modifier
in V4 andan adjective so that they are true for you.
5 thc wcathcr gocd I summcr I )"OUr countr\?
1 t think hnr,;c riding i ft>J/1} rC'i,nin.
2 1 think mountain biking is .
'res. i1 is, but lt rains .1 lot in winter.
3 1 think <.cuba di\ ing i<. .
6 ra!n / ,,t thc moment?
..J l 1hink skiing ic;
5 11hinl.. "ildlifc ,,.1ILhing is .
No, i!'s <.um,} at Ihe rnorncnt!

4 Write answers for you to the questions in

Excrcise 3.

Extra practicc @IJIIII 127

 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Wc were travetling lo Mcxico.
We weren't travelling to the Unitcd Statcs.
(G1 Past simple Were )'OU travelling by car?
Yes, we were. I No, wc weren't.
Use thc past simple to talk about actions and
struations that are finished. Time expressions
David and I trained for thc marathon tasi j ear. \Ve otcn use time cxprcssions with thc p,1sl
Wc often sav whcn thc actlon happcncd. continuous, e.g. lhen, in+ ycar (in 1001), ilt + timl'
e.g. in(+ )'Car/month), on (+ day) or ,lt (+ time). (at 9.00), <11 tha1 lime.
The first modcrn Olympics werc in 1896. Wc \\ere living in NC'w York in 2005.
I watchcd a great documentary on Sunday. I GJ! Pasl simple and past continuous
Wc arrivcd al two o'clock.
Use thc past simple or a finishcd action or series of
The past fnrm o thc vcrb be is Wd.'l or were. actions in thc pasl.
Wc were herc last night. ThC' doorbdl rang so I put down my bool,.. and
I wasn't ,ll thc school this morning. answered thc <loor.
With othcr vcrhs, wc use just thc main vcrb in To talk alx,ut ,ln ,1dion in progrcss whcn another
.1irma1i,c past simple statcmcnts. Regular past simple shorter ,1ction h,1ppcned, use the past continuous
vcrbs add -ed to thc lnfinitivc. for thc adion in progrcss. Use thc pasl 'iimplc for
tran - trained. watch -ovatched thc short ,1ction. This aclion can intC'rrupl or stop fhC'
Thc post simple vcrb docs not chango. i.c. it is thc longcr .iclion.
sarnc aftcr /, you, he, aw. it, wc ancl lhC'). I was reading my book ,vhcn the doorbcll rang.
! Note thcsc spclling changes: Notice the diffcrC'llCC' hctwecn lh<"St' two 'i<.'nlcncc<;:
Vcrbs cndlng in -e, add -d: die - died, livc - lived. He was speaking when !he phonc rang. f= He \,as
spe,1king. Toen the phone rang.)
Verhs ending in consonont + -y, changc > to -ica:
He spoke when lhe phone rang. (= Toe phonc r,rng.
study studied, marry - manied.
Toen he spokC'.)
Vorbs ending in vowel + conscnant. double thc
consonan! and add -ed: stop - stopped.
Many comrnon vcrbs in thc ras! simple are irregular.
I KEY LANGUAGE I
- im:-gular \-c>rb list, P,.1J;C 166 fRuJ Asking about peoplc
Use did 1o form past simple negativos and qvestions. \\lh,1t's hc/she like?
The race didn't start on lime.
What docs hc/shc look likc?
Did she win rhc london Mara1honr
What dOC'S hc/shc lil-..c?
Past simple' short answcrs use die/.
YC's, shc did. I No, she didn't. I Kl2 1
Describing people

Time cxpressions He sccms (honcst and shy).

Wc oftcn use time cxprcssions with thc past simple, Shc certainly isn'I 1ch,111y).
<'.g. ,1go, faq night (Wf'f'klmomh/re,1r), yfff'rd,iy. Hc's (hard-working).
Wc moved to this house two years ago. She's gol (short brown hair).
(GiJ Past continuous He looks likc (th,11 ,1ctor).
She ,,.c,1rs (nicc clolh('<;J.
Use thc past contlnuocs to talk abour octlons in
progress al a time in the past. lle likcs {watching sport on TVI.
Shc was living in Berln in thc 19905.
Fcrm thc past continuous with thc past orm o be+ I VOCABULARY I
thc -ing forrn o tho rnan vcrb.
IY!] Personality adjectives
Subjcct be(+ nut) Vcrb + -ing
ch.itty, chccrful. clcvcr, confidcnt, crc,1ti\-C, dedicalt.-d.
I h- \he
+ 1

,ou \ \ l'
"
Tht\
\\,h

\\ t'rv
\\orl...mg.
dctcrmined, friendly, hard-working. hclpful, honcst,
horribl<', in!-pira1ion.1I, J..ind, l,::izy, lnvely, miserable,
I il' hl nice, p,1tiC'nt, politc, proud, quict, rude, shy, soci.ihlt,
1
,ou \\e !ht\ " \\,hrl'1 11 ,l not I

\H'rt<n'r 1\H'fl' 11ot 'ilupid, lalentcd. unfriendly

be
' Subject
(v2l Time expressions
\ \ ,1, 1 h, he \\orl.ing{
\\('11..' \OU \\ o lhl'\ " ..iICT\\,mls, at first, .11 lhc momcnt, 1hcn, until

128 @ijffijfj Languege rcfcrcnce

 Extra practice
El] 1 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. [KO 5 Match three answers from a-i for each
1 M} morhcr lcavcd school whcn she was fourtcen. question.
2 Dici shc startcd a ncw job last vean 1 \Vhat's )Ollr frieml like?
3 \Vhen did you horn? 2 Wh,11 docs vour Iricnd look lil..e?
4 Last weekend mv brothcr marrved his gir!friend. 3 \Vhat docs your ricncl likc?
5 \ vo did nol hada lo! of moncy last vcar. a) Shc's short and shc's gol black hatr.
6 'Did thoy havc a good holiday?' 'YC'5, thcy had.' hl He 10\e mountan biking.
7 \ Ve cated a lot of pasta las! night. (.) Sho sccms roallv shy but she icn't.
8 Shc \\ cnt to univcrsity ,11 2006. d) Ju! sitting around and watching TV.
e) He looks likc mv brothcr.
I G2J 2 Complete the questions in the past
continuous. Then write true answers for you. Use fl HC''s vcrv kind ,md paticnl.
full sentences if you can. gl Hc's quite good-looking.
1 vou lfa\'C'llinp ravcl lo thc class ,m hour h) \Vcll . <hr- ccrtainlv isn'I stupid!
ago? il ShC' likes cooking ,md catng good food.
)s, / 11,1s 1,a/f.. mg a/ong 1/w high s!rff'I.
\t,15. /
lYI] 6 Match the parts of the words in A and B
f\'o, I domg 1111 homP11orJ.. .
11.1n't. / 11a$ to make adjectives. (You can use the parts in box B
2 ynu _ (sleepl at 1 1.00 las! night? more than once.)
A
3 \Vhat -rou _ (dnl at 8.00 ycsterday cvening! eneet creat fricnd hard hclp
inspiration lovc miscr soci lalcnl
4 _ vou _ (studrJ English this lime last vear?

B
5 \Vh;it clsc _ }'OU _ (studv: thcn! ,11 ful

6 Whcrc _ vou _ {!ive) ten years ago'

1
ablc

1 cheerful
I I\C

6
" worktng

2 --- 7
3 8
IG3J 3 Complete these scntences with the past 4 9
simple or past continuous of the verbs.
5 10
1 1 thavct dinncr las! nigh! whcn thc phonc
(ringl. 7 Use sorne o the adjectives from Exercise b to

2 Wc tdo) sorne shcpping when wc describe these people.

(come) home rorn work. 1 Shc's ,1h,,1vs al worl.. ver\ c.irh and lcavc,s la1c.

3 S,1r,1h trun) in thc marathon when shc 2 He's ne,cr Vt'r) h,1pp).

(falll ond threak her arm. 3 She plavs th<' gurlar and she\ \l'r\' good at it.
4 1 tmcctl m) hushand whi!c t (ski) in 4 He lo\CS going to parlics and hcing "ith pcopk.
the Pvrcnees. 5 Shc's ,1lw.1,s prcpar<.'d lo do things for othtr p<.'op[e.

5 He twrltet ,1 book whilc he (recovcr) 6 He makcs other >e0ple want to lx lil..t' him.
from an accidcnt.
im 8 Choosc the corred word or phrasc.
4 Write sentcnces from these prompts. l'm at univer<;il\, in m, SC'Cond ve.ir. ,1ml l11J,n
1 tqbal srudv / al umvcr'iih I his slstcr I RCI marricd ,JI the mnmcnl l'm doing film studies. 1 <;l,irl<.'d ir
lqh,1/ 11,.a,; stud1 ing ,JI unil'f'r,it\ \\'hf'n his ,;ister got l,1st ve.u ancl. 2,11 fir:c./ 1111/il, 1 h,1lrd it! l lhouht
111,lffif'd. ahout changing my coursc. hui nw tutor asl...Cfl me
2 Maria/ ,,ork I thc supermarkct / shc I rcccfve her to ,,ait 1,,1tenh1rds until the cnd o rhc first car. 1
cxam rcsults dccidcd to follo,, his .id\ ice, so 1 \,aitcd, and 4then
al thf' momml in MJ), 1 look lhe cxams. '>\ fir.1
3 Sarn / cal I sorne nuts I his tooth I break Aftcm,lfd,, J looked b,1ck al !he \'CM ,md dccided it
w,1sn't rcalh b.1d, so I dccidcd to continue \\ ith !he
4 Angel,1 / w,,i! / al thc statlon / she I find / S 100 rour<;e. Now, f'rn reall enjm ing iL
Extra practice
@ltfflf@ 129
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR ! Ncws is a singular noun, nota plural noun.
Thc news about Bcckham was lmorcsttng . ./
Articles Thc ncws about Beckharn were intercsting. X
Singular nouns and jobs Rclative pronouns
Use a/,in with a singular noun to mcntion somelhing Use which and that to rcfer lo things or ideas.
for thc first time. lt's thc programmc which/that stars Katie Holmcs.
He works for a TV company.
Use who and that lo rcfcr to pcople.
Use a/an also to talk about a pcrson's job. She's the actress who/that marricd Tom Cruise.
Hc's a ncwsrcadcr.
Use rolativc pronouns to link pieces of information
Use an, not ,1, when the noun bcgins with a vowel about a person or lhing.
sound (a, e, i, o, u): an artist. Marie Curie was a scicnnsr. She discovered radium.
Bu! note thal sorne words that bcgin with lhc lellcr -h = Maric Curie was thc scientist who discovercd
take an and we do not sav the -h: an hour. radium.
Wc usually say atan wh the schwa sound /:,/: an Thc information after the rclative pronoun oftcn
artisl. defines lhe subjcct.
People or things in general A se,..rLh cnginc is a programme that finds
inormalion.
Use no artidc wirh plural nouns, when they refcr to
A newsreader is a person who prnlS thc ncws on
peoplc or things in general.
the TV or radio.
Soap operas are boring.
Particular or known people and things
! Do not rcpeat the subject afler a rcl,11ive pmnoun.
The pronoun is the subjcct
Use the with a singular noun to talk about a spccific Bill Cates is the man who startcd Microsoft . ./
pcrson or thing. or onc wc alrcady know about. Bill Cates is the man h'ho h slartecl Microsoft. X
The local newspaper docsn'I havc much ncws.
(= Therc's only one local newspaper.j
Pul thc flowcrs on the table. (=:e \Ve know which
I KEY LANGUAGE
lable.)
IR[! Making suggestions
Use the with plural nouns to rcfer to particular or
let's / lel'"s no! (talk about politics).
known pcople or lhings.
We should (have sorne music on thc show).
I rcallv likc the photos in this magazine.
{= spec.ific photos) Whv don't we {invite sorne politicians)?
The peoplc at lhc party werc alJ very friendly. Whal alx,ut (intcrvic,.ving rich pcople / somcthing
(= \Ve know which pcople.l on animals)?
! Note the difference between general and spccific What clse shatl we {do)?
use: Any idc,1s?
General = Soap operas are boring. Anything else?
Specific = Bu\ the soap operas on Channel 4 are
que intercsring.
\'\'e usually say the with thc schwa /:,/: the joumalist,
I VOCABULARY I
but bcforc a vowc\, it is thc s\rong form /i:/: the anide. ffil TV and radio
First and second mention chal show, comcdy, curren! afairs programme,
Use a/an (\\ ith singular nouns) and no article (with documentary, drama, gamc show, nature programme,
plural nouns) to talk about somerhmg for thc irst news, presenter, producer, programme, rcality TV
time. shO\\, series, sitcom, soap opera, station, variety show
He works for a n, company.
He produces documcntaries. (V1l Newspapers and magazines
Use the whcn you mcntion the noun again. The advert, anide, business, celebrity, clesign, ashion,
TV company is in thc centre o london. The journalist, pop music
documcntarics he produces are historical. IBJ Computers and the Internet
Articles with the media computer game, email, media, search enginc, webcast
Wc usually use the whcn wc talk about the media.
I hcard it on the radio.
(Y1J Names for people and fields
r use the Internet eveiv day. art, artisl, journalism, journalist, photographcr,
But note: photograph\, politician, politics, psychologist,
Did you scc that programme on TV las! nighl? psychology, sciencc, scicntist

130 jijjili language reference

 Extra practi ce
1 Complete these sentences with a/an, the IK(} 5 Complete these suggestions from the
orno article (write 0). prompts.
1 Do )'OU Ifkc _ computer g.iml's?
2 M, sistcr's _ [oumalist.
3 Thcrc's _ in1crcsting programrnc obour medicine
on TV tonight. _ programrne l.:rsts _ hour.
liianni"s Pizzas
Best pizzas in town!
4 whars thc name of _ prcsentcr of tha1 naturc
progrnrnmc on Wodncsdav cvcnings? Try our fantastic vegetarian pizza.
5 Do you know _ good ltaan search cnginc?
6 That shop sclls _DVDs._ DVDs are quite old
,md \'C)' chcep.
7 1 don't usu.ill) like _ corncdlcs but t rcallv llkc
_ sttcom on 1\-lond,1ys al 8.00.
1 \Vh\ don't \\(' -------? thavc I pizza!
8 M\ brothor prcsonts _ news progr.1mme. He g()(><.
2 Lct's . (lrv vegetaran pinal
to the s1udio .it (,_OQ ovcr, morning tu prepare for
_ programnlC'. 3 \Ve should . {go I Monrlay)

2 Choose the correct meaning. a or b, for each

senlence.
1 1 lovc \\iltc.hing soap operas.
a) 1 lovc all soap operas.
Ali facilities
b) 1 lm e onlv sorne scap operas.
25m swimmmg pool
2 l.tson lsn't hero. Hc's at thc cinema in town.
gym wrth modern eqeipment
al \Ve know which clnorna. aercbics and dance
b) \.Ve dun't know \\ hk.h cnerru. Memberstup half-pnce thrs month
3 1 likc that rnagazlne. l think thc stortcs are
intcrcsting.
al l'rn lalking about ,111 storics. 4 \Vh\ don't wc ? igo lcisurc ccnlrcl
h) l'm tall..ing ahnu1 particular stortcs. 5 \Vhat about ?(gu S\\ immingl
-1 5UZ\ \,orl..s for a TV vtation. 6 \V(' should . (join / this rnonlhl
al Thc llstcncr knov s wluch staton. 7 Lel's no! . (do .icrohicsl
bl Thc listcncr docsn't know which sta1ion.
IV1,2,3 I 6 Choose the correct words.
IG2] 3 Match the Lwo parts o the sentences and 1 i\h sistt'r \\orb for ;i TV prog,,1mme / ,1,,tion.
write wholthat or which/that. 2 l'm intere<.ted in intern,1tional ,l.lirs so I likc
1 A documentar, is a programmc wbich/tb,ll f ne,, sp..1pcrs ,, ilh scrious ,1d1 cm ,1r1idt.
2 A producer is a pcrson 3 This m..1g.1zinc has a lot o inform,1tion ahoul
3 A sean.h enginc is ,1 ccmputer programme cclcbrities produce,,.
-1 A sitcom i<; ,1 corncdy series -1 1 lil..e ,1 oocl stor. so I prefer to \,a1ch
documentaries dranMs.
S A celebritv is a person
5 1 ler l.1sl job \\ as as a presPnter joum,1li1 on ,1
6 A drama ic. a storv about things
rmlil\ TV show.
a) comlnucs a s1ol) eech \\CCk. 6 Thl' <.hildrcn IO\e anim,1ls lhe, 1,,1tch lols o(
bt happen tu ordinan pcoplc. nature currC'n/ ,1frlir:. programmcs.
<..) is famous far appeartng on TV, c.g. a prescntcr. [YiJ 7 Complete these definilions with words
d) makcs programmc<;. from V,1.
el looks or informatron on thc lntcrneL 1 A is somoone \\ ho dOC'S e,pcrimentc; to
understand thc \\orld.
O tell, wu fac:t, 111,oul the Ho1 Id.
2 is thc tud\ of 1hc mind .md hcha\ iour.
4 Corree! the mistakes in these sentences. 3 ,I i<; somcone \\ho ,,orks in parli.:imenl.

1 Th,1t'<, thc woman ,, hich bought ll1} car.

4 is taking pictures 1, ilh J <.amera.
2 Richard Branson is thc porson who he started Virgin. 5 An i<; somcone th.il painlc; pktur("'<; and

3 tt's ,1 wcrd who rneans 'powcrfu!'. m,ikcs sculpturcs.

-1 1 bought a ncwspapcr that it had thc wholc storv. 6 is flnding out ,,bout thc nf'\1<. ,ind pr('C.('nling
5 lt was on thc programme what ollows thc news. it in nc\,spapers or on T\I.

Extra practkc 1@111 131

 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Use thc prcscnt perfect to talk about finished actions
or situations in an unfinished pcriod of time.
Prescnt pcrfcct Toe surgoon has done four opcratlous so far today.
(= thc opcratlons are finished but the time pcriod-.
Wc use the prcscnt perfect lo talk about cxpcricnces today - isn't.l
in thc past. Wc usually don'! say whcn wc had thc
Common adverbs with this use of thc presenl perfect
cxpertence. are 1oday, thi<, WC'C'k/monthly<',lf, o f,1r, ta dare, in the
Wc've trained hundrcds of nurscs. lat hour!wrek/ye,1r.
They've built a ncw clinic.
Whcn thc time period is finishcd, we use thc p.?st
Form thc prcscnt pcrfcct with have + the past parlicipfc simple.
of thc ma in vcrb. The surgeon did four opcrations ycsterday.
Subject havc (+ no!) Past Use the prcsent pcrfcct to talk about cxperiences in
participle our lives, l>CCausc 'in my lifc' is an unfinishcd pcriod
+ 1/You/We/lh 've (havel of time. Note the diffcrence bctwccn:
's (hJ!t) workcd. Agalha Christic wrote a lot of crimc novcls. (Shc is
He/ Shc / lt
dead = past simple)
- 1 You \\lc/Thcy havcn't thavc not)
P D James has writtcn a lot of crimP novels. {ShC' i,;
llC'1ShdU hasn't !h,1s not)
still alivc = prescnt pcrfcct)
! havc + subject
Present perfect with for and since
(cvcr)
I t,l\'C I / Wl' I you / 1hcy
workerl ... ? U,;e lhc prt>scnt perfcct with (or and since with state
11,1 he/ shc I lt
vcrbs (e.g. b(,, hav<", know) to lalk about situations that
Regular past participlcs are thc samc as the past simple bcgan in the past and are still continuing.
form of thc vcrb. l.c. add ed to the infinitive. My brothcr has had high blood pressure far years.
l've visiled a lot o countrles. l've been in a bad mood ,111 day!
She hasn't recovered from her illncss. Use (orto givc a pcriod of lime.
Has the surgeon finished the operation? Wc've had thc samc Fnglish lcachcr for two years.
Many common vcrbs are irregular: IX>- was/were Use since lo say whcn the siluation began.
go - Wf'nl - gont, 1\ mo - wrolc - writtcn,
- bt>en, l'vc known my girlfricnd since March 2004.
drive - drove - driven.

! Note the diffcrcncc bctwccn Jxv,n and gonc:

- irregular verb list, page 16&
I KEY LANGUAGE I
l've been to France. (= l'vc gone to Franco and l'vc (Rill Giving advice
come backj You should (go to lhe optician's).
He's gone lo Fr,mcc. {= Hc's gonc and he is still in
You shouldn't (drink coffee at night).
Franco at the momcnt.)
Wc oftcn ask questions in the present perfect with I KL2 I Giving reasons
11.Jve }'OU ever ... ? to ask ahout cxpNiC'nC""C'S. (You should cat garlic) because it fights colds.
Have you ever bccn to Japan? (You should do cxcrcisc) in arder to lose wcight.
Havc you cvcr staycd in a really good hotel? (You should eat a lot of fruit) to stay hcalthy.
Prcscnt pcrcct sbon answcrs use have/haven't. (You should go to hed earlyl so that you havc
YC!, 1 have. / No, 1 haven't. cnough slccp.
IG21 Present perfect and pasl simple
We use the present pcrcct whcn wc do nol givc (or I VOCABULARY!
do not know) the cxact time we die! somcthing. Wc
use thc past simple when we glve (or know) thc cxact
(yIJ Health and wellbeing
time wc did somcthing. clin1c, dcnlbt, dc1.m.".!>siun, diac, dut.tur, hcalth
Hc's travelled 10 J lot o diferent countrics. insurance, hcart discasc, high blood pressure, illness,
In 1990, he travelled around thc world. injury, insomnia, lack o motivalion, loc.il doctor,
We afien start asking qucstions aboul a person's medicine, nurse, operalion, poor conccntration, peor
expericnccs in thc prcsont pcrfcct, hui then use the mcmory, prevenl, prvate hospital, statC' hospital,
past simple to ask for more dctails. surgeon, surgery, trC'atmcnt
Have you ever been to thc UnitC'd SfJtC",? IY1] Food and nulrition
- Yes, t have.
carbohydratc, junk food, malnutrition, nuts, salmon,
Whcn did you go therc?
seccls, vitamins
- Two year. ago.

132 @IJJII@ language rcfcrence

 Extra practice
IG1 1 Complete the text with the presenl perfect [KL 1,:fl 4 Complete the advicc far these
of the verbs in the box. problems. Use should/shouldn't and a way o giving
a reason from Kl2.
be (>.21 not irnish go cmplov save
SliHI tcach tran not v isit
t'vc had aboul three colds this winler - l'm
Our rncdlcal organisaticn carne to Bangladesh tbrcc gelling re<1lly (('(/ up with it!
yc,1r!:. ago and I r hcrc vinco thc hcginning. \Ve

'-- about 80 mcn and worncn to hccomc nurscs.

and 1h<.) i ro d1fft'rcnt parts uf thc countr. " 1 You takc vttamin C !Q kcep vour immunc
that thev can hclp pcoplc. \ Ve 4 J numhcr o
svstcm hcahhv.
r'octors .111d 111.1n.1gcr,;, too. and togclher thev
2 You closc all rhc \\ indows \tlll rued
'-- smallcr cliniLs in othcr parts o thc tuun!r).
fresh air.
\'Ve ccr1.1inh 1. .11J our \H)r).. hcre. Ibcrc are a

lot of small tov, ns and vlagcs th,11 wc - but l'm

1
surc \\I:' n ,1 lot o llvcs. 11 1 a wondcrful l'm slUdying ,md I etso do a pan-mo job
cxpcdcncc so f.ir and it Hl me a lot of nc,, in a rest,wranf. I gel up real/y (ar/y fo study,
1hing! bu/ / don't go /O Jx,c/ until aboul 1 .00 in /he
morning. / a/n:cl)') fet.'/ realf} /,rN.
IG2] 2 Choose the corree! form.
1 ! 1 i,i1ec/ / h,11e11'.,ited ,1 lor of countrics in Asia.

2 l os vcar 1 w111 h,1H, lx'Pn to Chin,1.

3 Yuu \\ ork so l,1tc , ou nc.>ed vour sk'(. 'P
3 Thc govcrnmcnt built I h,h lwilc ten ncw hospitals
in thc lut fivc )C.Jr.
4 You ,;;pc,1k tu }Ollr tutors thc,

undcrland vour prohlcm.

4 Did I cu c1 er l l,11 e } ou ('I vr
bccn 10 thc USA?
5 M) mot her phont>C / h.i:. phont1d me cvor, wcck
whcn I worked in London. I sil ,11 my des/... far hours e1 ery d.iy. Now I
6 J,1\..e dicfn't see h,1n't <een me vcstcrdac. find 1hat my bac/... hurts nearly al/ the time.
7 J didn't irw-h I h,nen't nisbcd mv essav l,1,;;t nighl.
8 1 wrorc / h,11t 11rirwn about ,000 wcrds on thc 5 You sl.J.\ in thc s.1111C' poition u\ \our des!,.
e-scv SO far.
\our lxxh nceds to 1110\C.
IG3] 3 Complete thesc sentences with a verb in 6 You gct up und strctch c1 cr. 10 minute'
the present perfect and for or since with one of the rcdu<r !he len,;iun in ,our h,1d..
phrases in the box.
5 Can you think o another piece o advice for
vc dd\ four }'e,w, 1 got up each person
two }e.Ir ten 1t:11r 198[

1 lncs bccarnc a doctor in 1998. lt's 1101\ 2008.

Shc's beon ,1 doctor far /1:.'n ve,1r.
2 1 got ,1 cole! on Sundav. lt's nowThursd,l\.
l\c l"---------------- I.YiJJ 6 Find the following people, places or
3 Alicc me! her hucb.md in 1981. health problems frum V1 and V2.
AlicchH IIOL\17 1 a pcrson \dm pcrforms opC'ration<;
4 Mark got manicd two vcars ,1go. 2 thc rl>sult o nol c,1ting cnough
Mark _
3 a prohlcm \\ ith rcepinA
5 \'Vc hought this housc in 200-1. lt's now 200fl. -1 thc pl,1u wherc )OU u,;;ualh- <;t.'C )OUr doctor
Wc _
5 the pcr,;;on \\ ho looks ;11tcr \ our lecth
6 This toothm hc startcd whcn I got up at 8.JO. 6 a phric.al prohlcm. afien lht rC'!-uh of an acc.idrnt
'--------------- 7 \\hcn you iC'C'I ,;,1d ,111 the lime
8 a medical building \\here ,ou ,ta\. ,rncf pa, 1or
,our rre,ltmcnt
9 ,dwn \ou don't l\,1111 to do am!hing
10 ,, hcn rou can'! rememhcr things ver. IH..'11

Extra practice lfMfii

133
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR Vle use a lol o( with both countable and uncountablc
nouns.
Comparative and superlative adjectives A lot o animals are in dangcr bccause thcrc isn'l a
lot o food lcft for lhcm.
Use comparative and supcrlauvc adjcctivcs to make
comparisons between pcople or rhlngs. Comparatlve We use many in both affirmativc and ncgati\e
adjcctivcs compare one person/1hing with another. statcments, but we use much in ncgativc statemenls
Thc Apcnninc Mountaim, in llaly are quite high. The only.
Carpathians in Romania are higher. There are many grey scuirrcls in thc UK but there
aren't many red squirrcls now.
We usually makc comparisons with than.
There isn't much damagc to thc environmen1 hcrc.
The Carpathians are higher than thc Apennincs.
Supcrlativc adjcctivcs compare one pcrson/thing with
! 11 is quite formal to use m,iny in affirmative
scntcnces. In informal English wc use ,1 loto(.
severa! other people/things (more than two). Use !he I havc a lot of squirrels in my g,1rdcn.
befare thc supcrletivc adjective.
The Alps are the highest mountains in Europe.
Use (ew and litt/e in affirmative statcmcnts to lalk
about small quanlitics and amounts. Thcy mean 'nol
Note thc diffcrcnt ways o forming thc comparauvc many I no! much'. Use few with countablc plural
and supcrlativc adjectivcs: nuuns and li1tle wilh uncountable nouns.
Adjeclive Comparative Superlative There are few tigers in the world.
urn_...., llablc adj('( liVt."' chcap ebcapcr cbccpest Thcrc's little hope for sorne anima Is.
onding in -f' trangP <.lr,mger qr,ingest We do not usually use (ew and liltlc with qucstions and
ending in --\ de drier driest ncgativc stalements. We use not many / nol much.
cndtng in vowcl , fl.it tlatter auest
corsorunr
We haven't gol many lrees in !he garden.
Is there much rain in thc dC'SCrt?
mosl l\\o-,;} llablc rc.uC'lul more pcocotul mosl
,ldJL,._li\'L'lt pcocctul ! Remcmbcr thal we can use (not) a lot of inslead of
l"llding in\ pn'lt\ prl'ltier prcnesr much, many, few and fil/le.
cndtng in -<JI\ fl,lff()\\ narr(l\\ er fl'Jff()\\ est I haven't gol much money. / I haven'I got a lot of
lnding m-cv ck-cor clcvcrer cloverest
money.
,lcfjt'< 1 i\ ('S O thrce ()( popul,1r more popul,1r most
mon ,;\ 1l.1hles
m\ -ronocs more
m,-.teriou
popular
most
!ll'tIC'l"iou,;
I KEY LANGUAGE J

IITI.'gUl,1r ,lCljcc11,l"' good bcttee lx...;1 IK!J Describing photographs

"'"
far
worce
iarthN" furdx'f
\\01',\
fartht_><;t
furtheo,I
In lhc photograph, sorne pcople are watching ...
In thc first/S<.'COnd photograph, a man is showing ...
Thcre are (a lot of 1:,coplc} in thc background.
less/least On lht! right/lcfl of thc picture, {somconc is walking ... )
Adding -erl-est or more toan adjcctive makcs the In !he middle ...
adiective slronger. lf wc wanl to makc thc adiectivc lhcy look (vcry profcssional).
weaker, wc use /ess/lc>,1st. Thc comparativo form is
ess.
London is less beautiful than Paris. (= Paris is more I VOCABULARY I
bcautiful than London.) IYIJ Landscapes
The superlativo form is the leas/. be.ich, cliff, co..1st, forcst, hill, island, lagoon, lakc,
Alaska is the least populated state in thc Unitcd mountain, river, rock, s..1nd, sea, w,wc
Statcs. (= All the othcr statos are more populatcd.)
Use less ancl toest with all adrectives: it docsn't mattcr (m Animals
how man) syllablcs the adjeclivc has. crab, deer, clcphant, giraffe, gorilla, hcdgchog, Jeopard,
The Allantic Occan is less calm than the monkey, pancfa, rabbit, snail, squirrel, liger
Mediterrancan. IY1] Wnrds that are nouns and vPrhs
This lake is the least impressive, 1 think.
cause, damagc, harm, hope, planl, ship, shop
IG3I Expressions o quantity I@ Contrast
Use .1 loto(. many and much to talk about large
hui, in contras!, whercas
quantitics and amounts. Wc use many with countable
plural nouns and much with uncountablc nouns.
Many animals are in danger because therc isn't
much food or them.

134 i!#ld Language refcrcnce

 g
'

Extra practi ce
19] 1 Complete thcse sentences with the IG31 4 Cross out the incorrect words.
comparative or super/ative orm o the adjeclives. 1 Mclll} / Much / A fot of animals are in dangcr o

1 Samlr.r i,; girl in thc cless. (clcvcr) oxttuctlon.

2 Paris is Sydney. trorrmntic) 2 \Ve don'I h,ll<' mue/,/ cicn't liavo m,lll>' / h,iw littlL'

3 Thc Can.uv lslands are othcr places in Spain. hope for thcsc animals.
roplca 3 Thcrc is fcw / fi11f(, / 1101 muc_h snow in this par! of

4 Thc wav to sce thc counlrvside rs 10 go the country

tn-kklng. (good) 4 \1\/c havcn't got rnuci I m,1ny / a fol oi tlmo lo savc
5 Tlu- pollution in Bangkok is in London. (had) thc planct!

6 Mostow ., clty in thc world ,11 thc momcnt. 5 Therc's 1101 much / lillfr I {f'IV llfc on this isfand.
tcxpcnsivej 6 Thcre are no/ m,l/J}' ! tinte / fe11 tiger., in thc wurld.

2 Wrile a) a comparalive and b) a superlative IR!J 5 Correct the mistakcs in lhese sentcnces.
sentence about each set of figures. 1 1 can seo mountans JI thc background,
1 Lcwis175cm/Kcvin185cm/Jason 166cm(lall) 2 In this photo, a 111.111 waits al a bus stop.
al l,1<;011 / l cwis LP1vis , ---------- 3 On right o thc ptcturc thcrc's .i rivrr.
b ------------- thl' l,11/e.>I 6oy. 4 Thc pcoplc all talk about something.

2 Lakc Eric 19m I Lake Ontario 86m I Lakc Superior

5 In sccond photograph. ,1 woman is ;oing into ,l shop.
147m (dcep) 6 On thc lct on rho phoro thcrc's a sport, e.ar.
7 lt look.., llkc vcry fast.
,11 Lakc Ontarlo / L,1J...1._ Erk-
---------
IY11] 6 Cirde the odd onc out in each group.
h) _
1 squirrel I hcdgchog I n,1i I r.1hbit
2 sea I forest I rivcr / lake
3 a Porschc [1.5,000 I a Hyundai fl 8,000 I a Smart 3 bcach I c:o.11 / hill / s;ind
car 7,UOO (cxpcnsivc) 4 la:,oon / l.1ke I river I rock
,ll ,1 Smar1 car I a Hyundai --------- 5 moun!ain I hill / w,wc / co,151
6 n,1b I gir.ifc I gorilla / monkcy
hl _
IV3] 7 Use the words in VJ to complete these
questions. Changc lhc form if necessary.
I G2 3 Rcwrlte these sentences so that they mean 1 What problerm cines thc world <H.e? Wh.il ,Hl' lhc
the same. Use fess or fc,1s1. of thcst' prohlcms?

1 Nottmghom is more dangcrous than Oxford. 2 Wh,11 do you todo in 1hc futurc?

Oxford 1s --------------- 3 Do you havt' an)' housc f l l.ivt> you got

2 lundon is more cxpcnsivc th,111 Ncw York. :,rccn 1 ngcrs?
NLw Yorl.. i:. -------------- -1 ln wh.11 way-. doc,; junk food your hcalth?

3 Ali thc othor lokcs are more lrnprcsslvc 1h.111 5 Do you h.ivf' a f,wourilc 1.lo1hc or nwsk I
1hi-. onc. 6 11,wc you C'V<'r s,1ilcd on a l.1rgt' I
This lakc is
--------------- 7 Wlwrc do you for most uf your food?
4 Carnee is more mvstcrfous than Stcnchongc. 8 H,wc you cvcr ,llly big ilt'rl1!> 10 ,lnother
Stonchcngo is _
cmmrry?
5 "lbc nonh of Franco is flaucr th.m thc south.

The south ---------------

8 Work wilh a partner. Ask and answcr Lhe
6 Ali thc othcr Crcck islands are more popular th,111 qucstions in Exercise 7.
lhi-. nno. IV4] 9 Add comruas if neccssary to thcsc scnlenccs.
This island i<,
--------------
7 Thc Mcditerr.1r1t,in ,. calmcr th,111 ihc A!l,1ntk.
1 likt thc sc,1 hut I don't like mounl,1in-..
1
2 My sislcr-. ali h,wc brown evcs. In tontr,1st rny t')'t'
Thl:' Atlantit is------------- .,re. bluc.
8 Al1 othcr sponv are more excitfng than cricket.
3 R('d sqt1irrcls rnmC' from tlll' UK wlll'rt'.l<; grc\
Cricket is---------------
 squirrl'I cornt' frnm Nor1h AmniGt.
4 Madrid is Vel)' hol in umrncr hui Vl.'I)' cok! in wintcr.

l:xtra prac1ice 11$1111

135
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR IC2[ First conditional
Use rhe first conditional to talk ,1bou1 thc result of a
wi/1, mighl and may for predictions possiblc future action.
Use 1v1// ('11), won't (,vil/ not), might (not) and may Possible future action Result
(notJ to makc prcdicrions. i.c. to sny what wc think lf I get a bctter job, we'll have more money.
about thc future. Jf I don'! gct a hcttcr job, wc won't havc a holiday.

Pooplc will retire later in thc futurc. Note the formation of !he first cnnditional:
TI1ey won't have big families.
We rnight use thc Internet for a lot more things. /(-dause (condition), Main clause (resull)
I! may not be good for business. Ji+ pre('n! simpf<, 11 i/1 won't + inflnitiH
Use contractions 'ff, won't and mightn't for spcaking lf you go to univ<'rsit}, )Ol1'1I find .1 good job.
ami informal English. lf }OU don't go lo unhn,t. )tlU won't get .i ciu,11ifk.11inn.
Wc'll live longcr in thc futurc bccause thcre'II be
hcttcr medicine.
! Wc usually pul a comma after the if-dause. We can
pul the main clause first. lf wc do this, wc don't use
Thcrc won't be rnany scrious illncsses.
a comrna.
Bu\ wc n1ightn't find a cure for ccnccr.
You'II find a goocl job if you go to univcrsily.
! Wf> do no! uce thc contracuon m,1yn't; wc use may
We c111 also use might ami may in the main clausc.
nol instcad.
Then the action in thc main clause is less cert,1in than
I mttyntt-be al work tornorrow. X
when we use will.
I may nol be at work tornorrow. ./
lf I gel a good dcgmc, 1 might apply to work far
Wc oftcn use l think / f don'/ thinJ.. to lntroducc a Microsoft. (= l'm not sure about this.)
prcdiction:
I think there'II be problcrns with pcnsions in the
future. I KEY LANGUAGE I
We often say I don't think + ,vil/ instead o f thinJ. +
will nnt.
IRfil Expressing opinions
Pcrsona!ly, l think {that) ...
I don't think the governmen1 will have thc money
What I think is that .
for pensions.
I think it's (better if )
Wc use wi/1 whcn wc are more ccrtain about the
future. Wc use might or may whcn wc are less certain. Why not jusi (turn the TV off)?
Oldcr pcople will work for longcr in thc future. and I KL2] Expressing agreement/disagreement
young adults might slart working later.
r agrcc with (hirn/her).
! Might is more common then mclY to makc I understand his/hcr opinion, but ...
prcdictions, cspccially in informal English.
Pcrsonally, J comple1cly dis.,grt'C.
We usually use wi// whcn wc ask for prcdictions ahoul
Tha1's a gO<XVintercsting idea/point, but ...
thc futuro. no! mighl or m,1y, and wc oftcn star1 with
Do you thin/.. ... ?
Do you think we will hve longcr in thc future? I VOCABULARY I
Will pcoplc have cars in thc futurc
Wh,1! do you think thc Iuturc will be likc?
IYI] Ages
adolcsccnt, adull, child, clderly, middlc-agc<l, rctircd,
Advcrbs of certainty
tecr1,1gcr, thirty-somelhing
Wc oftcn use advcrbs with will/won'I for prcdictions,
to say how ccrtaln wc are. In afflrmauvc scntcnccs we IV2 I Negative adjectives
usu,,IJy pu! thc advcrb after wtlt; in negativo sentcnces carclcss, hopcless, uncomfort<1ble, unhappy, unkind,
we pul i! befare wun'/. unlucky, unusu,,I, uselcss
We definitely won't use petrel in thc future.
Wc'IJ probably use a biological Iucl. IV3 I Population
Thc advorbs dc-finirf'ly and cer1,1inly mean wc are very bir!h rafe, childcarc, employcr, graduc11c,
certain; thc advcrbs proh.1bly and :x,sibly mean we old-fashionC<I, rcsponsible, uilt1blc
are loss ccrta!n.
Pcoplc will certainly have smallcr familit'S in thc
IV41 Unkers
fururc, so thcy probably won't live in blg houscs. ,1s, lx.'(,ausc of, however, so
! Wc don't use thcse advcrbs with might or m,J}.

136 @@iil tanguagc refercnce

 Extra practice
1 Correcl the mistakes in these sentences. IKL1,2I 5 Complete the conversatton with a-f.

1 think pcoplc might !olive longcr in thc future.

1 ,ll t agrC'C' ,, ith di Persooallj. l think
2 Doctore won't deinitelv ind cures for a lot of
bt 1 think lt's bcttcr C') That's a good polnt.
dtscascs.
el I undcrsrand her ideo. ) what l think is that
3 1\,\ay pcoplc retire latcr in twcntv vears' time?

4 Pcoplc mavn't takc holfdavs J long w.1y irom home. ,,: 1 saw Jo and Steve eariier. Thc, 're looking for SOmC'
5 wc won't to fly as muchas now. cblldc.rrc for Amv so that Jo cango back to work.
6 Fanucs might probablv get srnallcr. u: Childcarci 1 if thc mothcr stavs at home.
7 Deinitcly I will retire when l'm 60. ,: Rcallv, M.111! Jo'c; gol ,1 good job. ! that women
8 Thc numhcr of students ,11 unlvcrsitv \\ ill Incrcascs. ncecl tu el b,1tk lo work.
R: l- vou - if lhcy nt.-'(_'CI the monC'y, but Jo ami Stevc
2 Rewrite these sentences without changing the don'! neccl thc moncy.
meaning. Use the phrases in the box. A: Wcll. -i it's b!'tter whcn roung childrcn can pl.ty
with othcr childrcn in thildcarc.
pmb.thlv wcn'r rnight 11 definitclv
B: "i but ma}'IX' ior a couple of hours.., cl,iv. nol a11
dcnitclv won't '11 probably th!' timC' .

1 J'm 100% ccrtan thot wc will ind a bcttcr fucl .,: Mmm. Jo ecls tlltll if shc finds chilclt,He, c;ht'II ha,c
than petral. the choice oi working or not, ,ln}'\\a\.
VI/e u: (, hut I think she'II gn hack lo \\orl,..
2 l'm ,1ln10s1 surc that we'II gct our ncws onlv frorn ,,: Yes, so do l.
thc Internet.
IW 6 Find words in V1 for these peoplc.
1 somronc who is ovcr aboul 60 ,md do<..... n'I \\url,.
3 l'm 1101 surc if couplcs will divnrcc more.
Jn}'morc
2 ,1 young pcrson h<.'I\\ C'C'n 11 and 1 9
4 1 don't thinls humons will go back to the Moon.
3 somconc b!'I\H.'Cn .,bout 1S ,1nd 60
4 a pcrson nvcr !he .igc o ,1bout 20
5 t'm lOO"n certan we won't hove more lcisurc time!
5 a , cry , oung person
6 an olcl person (a JX>litC' adje<.ti\tl
IG2] 3 Match the two halves of these first 7 ,1 young pcrM.>n who is no longcr definition 5 hut not
conditional sentences. )CI deiinition 4
1 lf pcoplc livc longcr,
V2 7 Complete these sentences with a negative
2 \Ve migh! sec thc late film tonight adjective from V2.
3 lf more studcnts go to unlvcrsltv, 1 M)' hrothcr is \C'')' so he m,1kcs .:i 101 of
4 lf parcnts don'! earn rnuch rnoncv, mist,1k('<;.
5 \Ve' 11 nccd .1 hig:grr houso 2 His iather \\as \Cr. .ind trc,1ted him badl,.

,1l they won't be ablc to .uford childcarc. 3 M,1ria's \C) \)('("',1usr her l.x1 fritnd has gcme
.l\\,l\,
bJ thcv rnight gct more diseeses when thcc 're oidor. 4 r ncver ,,in ,mv c.ompetitions- l'm \t.r. -.
L 1 if \H' ha\t' more thildrcn.
5 lt's a ,el) film - rou\e nt,er <;C(n am thing
dl if the thildrcn go to bod car!v. lil,.e it!

t'l thcv nught 1101 ali find good job-, vhcn tht'y lcave. 6 1 c,m't do this hrn11c,,ork. t'm

4 Complete these irst conditional sentences IV3,4 j 8 Choose the correct words.
so that they are true far you. Then compare your 1 Kcir,1 c,m't go out thh, e,ening ,1, / btc ,lll'it-' 01 c;hc
sentences wilh a partner. nC'C'ds to iini'-h her I li'-lor. t"-")
1 lf thc class inishes .1 hit early 10<!.1}', . 2 1 don'! think Chris is uit,1hfl I f('(pon,ih/(' to bl' ,1
2 lf thc wcathcrs good ,11 the weekend. . tC'achcr - hl' isn't ,el) p,llient.
3 Jf I haw sorne sp,1r( money at thc cnd o thc 3 Thc ;;idvC'rl s,1 <; lhl'\ onl\ \\,lll t>mplm n,
month, ... w,idu,it,,, \,ho ll'I uniHrsih l,1.,1 \l',lr.
4 lf I gl.'! J goodlhcttcr job, ... 4 1 h,1te housc\,ork, :>(J ho\\/,'\f'r I don't olll'n do it.
5 lf I carn a lot of moncy in thc futuro. ... 5 lt's difficult to find l,irth r.111:. e hile/e ,m in this UI).
6 lf I retire carlv. ... 6 Alan.i sludil'd \CI) h.1rd ,1, ,o shl' paS('(/ her c,lll!>.
Extra practice lljtii 13i
!

y Language reference
I GRAMMAR I G2j had to and could
Musl does not havc a past form. To talk about
Obligation something that was necessary in the past, U'-C had to.
must and musrn't ThC' doctors had to operate to seve his life.
Use must to say that it is necessary to do something. In negative statcmcnts, to say that somclhing was nol
You must switch your phonc off during thc lcsson. ncccssary, use didn't have to.
Thc nogative mustn't means that it is ncccssary NOT \\'e dldn't have to pay for the tickets- they were
to do somcthing. free.
\Ve mustn't bring food or drink inlo thc classroom. Use did ... hcn e to ... ? 10 ask if something was
You musln't take ;mylhing from the crime scene. ncccss.uy.
Must is a modal vcrb. Wc use modal vcrbs with othcr Did you have to wear a uniform to school?
vcrbs lo talk about obligation, ability, possibility etc. Use thc modal vcrb cou/d to talk aboul abilil) in thc
Must cxprcsscs obligation. pasr.
A modal verb afways comes before an ininitive I could run fas! when I was youngcr.
without to. Wc use couldn 't to say that wc wcrc not ablc to do
I must phone my rnother this cvcning. sornething or rhat il was not possble.
Thc form must does not changc atcr he!shelit. I couldn't finish the book - it was rcally dillicult.
James mus! visit his f.imilv this weekend. \.Ve couldn't study astronomy al our university.
Form qucstions with modal verbs b) putting thc vcrb Use coufd ... ? to ask about ability in the past.
beore thc subjcct o thc qucson. Could you understand that lccture on physks
What time must we get the bus! yestcrday?
(don't) have to
\Ve can also use h,we lo I has to to say that lt is I KEY LANGUAGE I
necessary to do somcthing.
Forcnsic scientists have to be very careful in their
IRiJ Developing an argument
work. This caused a rcvolution in knowlcdgc.
Toe negativo don't have to/ doesn't have to mcans II meant that ideas could sprcad.
that il is NOT neccssary to do something. lt led to educalion for evcryonc.
You don't have to study law to be a scientisL lt's connected to the production of books.
lt b posstble to use must to ask a qucsuon, hui we ... so pcople had to learn to rea d.
oftcn prcfcr do/does ... heve to ... ? This means that society is more titcrate.
Must I sign thc form loo?
Do you have to leave now?
Does he have to analyse thc cvidcncc?
I VOCABULARY I
must and have to IY1J Subjects
Must and have to have very similar meanings. Thcy Astronomy, Biology, Chemislry, Economics, Histot'),
both mean somcthing is necessary, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics
Wc usually use mus/ whcn wc bclfcvc that something
l.mCrime
is importan! (il is our opinion).
I musl gel up carly tomorrow. analyse, analysis, analyst, burglarv, commil, crimc,
discover, DNA, cvidcnce, fingcrprints, invesligator,
Wc usually use have to lo talk about rules and laws
reveal, scene, solvc (a crime)
(i.e. someone else lhinks it is importan!).
\Ve have to gel ,1 vis.1 to visit thc Unitcd Slatcs. IVJ I Nouns, adjectives and verbs with prepositions
! Rem('mbcr that thc negativc of musl (mustn't) and afraid o, belong to, connected to, happen to, history
h,1\''to (don't/doesn't ha\'' to) are vcry diffcrent. o, intcrcstcd in, lcad to, proud o, receivc from,
You mustn'I use your mobilc phone in !he cinema. relationship wilh, scparatc from, spcnd (moncy) on,
(= it is not allowcd) succe>ssful in, thanks to
You don't have to use )'Our mobile phone - use my
officc phonc. (= it is not ncccssary)

138 @@ild lanuae reference

 Extra practi ce
'1] 1 Complete these sentences about what IEIJ 4 Complete the text with the phrases in
police officers havc to da, don't have to do and the box.
mustn't do.
1 <.auscs <;0 T11is h., lcd T11ir; mcans I
1 Thcv h,H't' /o <uri,c on time to work cvcrv dac.
2 Thc, he rudo lo thc pubtic.
Wc'vc had a lot of trouble in our town rcccntly. A
3 Thc, wear a uniorm.
e\'V months ago, one of thc blggcst supcrmarkct
4 Thc, be VCI) carcful when rhcv'rc al .1
companics in the country opcned a hugc shop in the
crimc sccnc. centre of thc town. 1 10 all kinds o problcms:
5 Thov damagc thc e, idcnce.
<maller <;l,op<; havo r-losed 2 thcrc isn't a choice
6 Thcv stuct,., scicuco. of shops anymore, ancla lot of peoplc come from
2 Choose the correct verbs. villages around rhc town to shop al thc supermarkct.
1 'IOU mu:o.tn'/ / don'/ h.11e lo stuch l,1,, to he .1 J thal thcrc are a lot more cars on thc road,
torcnvic sclcmst. which ""-- a lot more noisc in thc town.
2 1 mu,;/ muln'I spend sorne time with m, parcnrs.
I haven't secn thcm or agcs. IYI] 5 Find words in V1 fot these definitions.
3 \\'e nw,;/n'/ / h,n'f' lo commil nimes- it's against 1 thc study of living thmgs
thc l.1,,. 2 thc study o thc past
-1 You mu;;/ don't h,n'<' to turn off )'nur nmhik 3 thc <;tudy of illncsscs ami injuries
phonc in cla so th,u i! docsn'r interrupl the lcsson. 4 thc study o the q;ir._ and planets
5 \\'e mu-m't h,nc to havc ;i pavport lo travcl 5 thc study o natur,11 forces, <'-R light ancl movcmcnl
outsidc the Ut.... 6 thc worl.. o chcmical and hm, !he, <.hangc ami
6 1 mu(t don'r h.1,t to join thc gvm again- m t omhinc
membcrshp h,1<; run out. 7 the <;cicnn. o numhcr,;; and .;;l,,1pc<.
7 vou h,11 (' to don 't h,n e lo <.hc1.J, your cssav <: 8 1hc <;1ml, o 1he produ,tion ;rnd U'-" o mon<'\
ccrctullv ,, hcn ou'c e \\ ruten rhcm.
8 \\'t mthln'1 c/on't h,lle to gcl up carb, todav a,; it'<; IV2, 6 Complete these scntcnces with words
a puhlic holidav. from V2.

1 Som('(mC a uimc.
l.g] 3 Rewtite thcse sentences without changing 2 go 10 thr nime ._,,ne.
the meaning. Use had to or coufd.
3 Th('\ t,ikc from objec1r; ,11 the s<.1.m.
1 Was it ncccssarv to tcll thc poltce C\'Cf) thing?
4 The} collcct 01hcr and t.1kc it ali to thc. crimc
Oid \ otl h,n <' tn trlf thr pnfirf' f'I <'f\ thing?
l.ib.
2 He wasn't eblc to walk ocr thc acctdcru.
5 The <;cicnti<.t al th<' l,lh thc l'\ idenc, ...

6 ...,mi thcv innrm,11ion ,1hout the criminals.

3 \Ver<.' \Oll able to undcrstand th,11 lccturet
7 Tll(' inv<-sligators thc crimc.

4 Thcv wcron't ablc to collcct ,111 thc e, ldcncc at IYJ] 7 Match thc two parls o these sentences.
rhc sccne. 1 l\c ah,a,s h<.'C'n ,1fraid
2 He'<; <.!ud, ing th(' hi<:1o)
5 1111,1sn'I nrx t">S<lr. to studc Economtcs ,11 school.
3 Thc palie<' are intcrcstcd
4 Tht\ rC'<.l.'i\td 1h1.1 l'fl<ltl
6 1 ,,,1<; oblc to speek Ruvs.m whcn 1 was a child. 5 Tl1c thcmi<;tr, lab is <;epar,11c
6 Shc's al,, ,,v hccn SlJC( c,;,;iul
7 ll \\.l<i ncccesarv to <;tuck Lan al our <;( hool.
,ll from thc rl'St of thC' '-Chool.
h) in t.ilking to a man ,1t 1hr crin,c s<.cnc.
8 \\1.v, it ncccssarv to spenrl al! tha! moncy H'Slcrd,l\?
t) offlying.
dl of thc Uni1cd S1atC'S.
tl in olving diffic ull < rimrw-.
i) from thc forcnsk lab.
Extra practice @@fH
139
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
We can also talk about plans with hope to and wou/d
/il.. e to. Thesc are lcss certaln than going 10- \'H' use
EIJ Verb patterns thcm for ambitions ond destres.
Sandra would like to leave thc post officc and find
Wc somctimes pul two verbs togcthcr. \.Vhen \\..C do
anothcr job.
this thc sccond verb is oftcn in the inlnitivc with to.
We hope to buy a new housc nexr year.
J ;eemed to sleep wcll l.1sl nighL
Oldcr poople tend to need less sloep. Nole how we form thc questions and negatives of
thesc verbs.
Thc sccond verb can also he in thc -ing form.
Would you like to travel round the world?
Do you like having a doze aftcr lunch?
Do you hope to have children one day?
Thcsc days, wc keep hearing about light pollution.
I wouldn't like to work al night.
When thc first verb is a verb + prcposition. the
I hope not to be late tomorrow. ./
second vcrb is in the -ing form Ibccause a vcrb aftcr a
I dun't hope to be late tomorrO\v. X
prcposition is ahv ays in !he -ing form).
Have you thought about changing your joh?
l lcrc are sorne common vcrbs that follow thcsc I KEY LANGUAGE j
pottcms:
(Rill Asking about preferences
Verb + infinitive Verb + -ing Verb + preposition + Wh,11 would )'OU prefcr to do?
withlo form -ing form
Whal \\nuld )'UU ralh1..rdu?
hope kp thinl.. about
m,IO.lh'<.' COIO) succeed in I KL2 j Expressing preferences
tend suggcst look for.,,ud lo l'd ralher (go to the concer1).
want t<y lall.. about
det.ick- /'d prcfcr to (see a film).
need l'm more mtcrcstcd in (lhc cinema) than tthc ihealrcl.
S<'Cm
l'd lovc to (see thc drummcrs).
Sorne- verbs can have cithcr an infinitivc with loor an I don't fancy (that film).
-ing form aer thcm, e.g. like, h.1t(', toce. Whcn we usc I don'! mind.
thc -ing form with thcse vcrbs, we mean '(not) cnjoy'. l'm nol kccn {on conccrts).
I love skiing.
I hale lying awake all night.
When we use thc inflnitivc wilh to, we s.iy what \\.C
I VOCABULARY
(don'!) prcfer. IYIJ Sleep
I like lo go to bed early. doze, drcam. fall aslccp, fccl slcepv, slccp in,
I hale to fall asleep in the living room.
slccp through, slceplcss
lg Future intentions
IV2 l ed/-ing adjectives
lhere ere difcrent ways o talking about our plans for am.1zcd/am,1zing. borcdlboring. dcpres!.C<Lldcpressing,
thc Iuture. We use the orm be going lo when we hove
cmbarrassed/cmbarrassing. cxcitcd/cxciting.
,1 dcfinitc intentlon to do something, i.c. wc are surc
fascinate<Vascinaling, frightcned/rightcning, i
that \\C will do it, but it is no! IOIJ<'/u fixcd.
nterestcdli ntcrt.'Sli ng. 1 i rt>dlti ri ng
l'm going to study astronomy al univcrsity.
Whcn Liom finishcs thc niHhl shift, hc's going to
meet sorne fricnds or brcakasr. hoal trip, cinema, conccrt, dancing. dinncr,
l'm not going to do a distance-lcnming coursc. firt'\\.Or display, muscum, ports cvcnt, thcatre

Subject +be(+ 1100 Verb I@ Time expressions

l'm ,1f1cr some time, JI lasl, at lhat momcnt, bcfore long.
+ l ll'' Shc's u inally, m thc end, n, suddenly
You'rt \\c're Tbev're
going to SIJrl ...
l'mnot
- He Shc 11 bn'I
You wo Tht .ucn'I
be+ subjecl

' Arn I
1 he \hl ;, goin In q,1r1 . r
Are )OU we thc

140 11)111;1 language reference

 Extra practi ce
l!il] 1 Choose !he correcl form. (Y1] 5 Complete these sentences with word.-. and
1 l tend 10 dream / dreJming a lot whcn l'm '') phrases from V1.
from home. 1 \Vhcn vou're in ,l dcop sfecp. vou can mo,t
2 i,..,1ren realh cojovs /O <;ILJ(1 / sllldying literaturo. noises.
3 You sccrn to h,we h,11 inp, ;i high tcmpcraturc. 2 lt'.-. ,el) deprcssing if \OU h,1,c ,1 LOmpleteh
4 You should think about fo lx / h<'ing more active. night.
S r kccp to fa/1 J f.Jlling astccp aftc- lunch. 3 11 c,m be ver. good for vm, to or h,1lf ,in
6 She wantc to gPt l gettinJ: a joh with .1 TV hour afler lunch.
company, 4 lf }OU c_an'l \ irsl, il's ,1 good idea lo gel up

7 \\le'r<.. reall)' looktng forward lo go I goin; on thc ancl have .:i hot clrink.
l:>0..11 trip. 5 1 alwa, s \\ hen I w.:itch TV l.ite ,11 night.
8 \Vhat did the doc.tor suggcst to clo doin.? 6 The undcrlined adjectives are all in the
9 Thc childrcn worc al ,1 Ircnd's so we managcd wrong sentences. Corree! them.
lo .;/eep I !ilc'<pinR in on Sundav. 1 Pla} ing lcnnis for rhrc<' hour"- is rc,111} hnrM! tiring
10 we'rc talking about lo go I noing to rhc flrcwork 2 l'm ;ilw;ivs verv C'mharr,l"-"l'<I ater ,1 long meeting.
dtsplav, Do you want tu come? 3 l'm sure th.11 ,,orl..ing in a C,111 centre is exlremeh
IG2\ 2
Complete Janine's lisl of hopes, desires and frightening.
inlenlions for the next)'ear. Use the correct form of 4 Forgclling ,m olrl fricncl's birthrl;i) is ,cr. !:!!im;.
hope, would likc or going lo. 5 Being ,done in .1 str,mge lown al night can lx
cmharr;i,;sing.
./ ./ ./ .. mtent1on ./ ./ .. dui ./ .. 6 Childrcn gct frightcnccl \\ ben lhe) clon'I h,1, e
I l'm go1ng to rt.ad '/4. e,nr,f l\it>IOf'1 of lime' ../ ../ ../ anvthing to do.
1 pMi6 111'1 final t.J.a!Tlf> 1n J'Ul)t. ../ 7 1 \hl:> lircc\ ,md didn't \\.llll lo go lo slccp aitcr thc
3 u mone1 for a wmmer hol1da-f ../ ../ ../ horror ilm.
4 t,pend lht. wmmer in frariu ../ ../ 8 1 "'" so lx)ring ,,hcn I C'll OH'r in !he slr('(_t the
5 'flak.h lhe leonlf> at Wimedon m J'une ../ other cl,1,.
!, fo,d a rull1 good job after the 1illll1mer ../ ../
(y}' 7 Which activity in VJ would be good far:
1 be mcer to m, littlt. brctntr ../ ../ ../
1 a famil} "ho lilsc doing things on \\atcr?
movt, lo a d1fferent c.it, ../
2 "-omeonc ,, hu lil..es storic,; ami cultural evcnts?
J a couplc ,,ho \\,1nt lo be active?
3 Writc three senlcnces about your hopes, desires
4 .11ccn.1gcr \\ho likcs pop group?
and intentions for the future.
5 someone ,,ho \\,lnts lo le.1rn about the p.1,;1?
1 1 hOJll' -------------- 6 prople who like goocl food
2 r would ---------------
3 l'm tnon goim; to _ IV4] 8 Complete the text wilh the time
expressions in the box.
(E::Ut._2 I 4 Complete the conversation al a job
centre with the words in the box. afler <.om(' lime_ ,11 lhat rnomcnl hcorc long
1ano intcr<.>sted mind prdcr r,1tht..'f Fin.ill)' ,;uddenl,

.,: So. vou ,,ant a joh thor vou can do al night. In m, la"-1 \f',1r al uni\cr,ih. l sharccl ,1 ,;m,111 f1,1t with a

friend. One night 1 \\,1,; ,;fC<'ping "h<'n r r wok<.'

e: tbat's nghr.
up. i<'<'ling frighltnc'fl. 1 didn't kno,, \\h\ 1 \\,1,; i<:>Cling
11: OK, wcll. thcrc's a joh hcrc as a securv gcard.
frightenL'<I. hui .? l lm1rcl ,1 loud Lr,1.-.h frnm lh<'
11: On, no, 1 don'! 1 rbat. 11 soundv dangcrouc, 1
li, ing room. 1 \\Jit<'d and \\.litcrl, .1nd ,
.\: Rlghr. Something les" dangcrcus ... lel''- 5('(.'. \\'h,11
I dcciclcd to ind oul \\h<ll \\,ls h.1ppening. 1 \,enr 10
about working in a c,111 centre?
1hc_ livin room but 1 dirln'I ,,anl lo go in, <,o 1 ,;ioocl
11: \\mm, no. Boring.
hehiml lhc door for .lgt'S. "--. 1 c;tt'f)pt'<I inlo 1lw
,: \\cll. what kincl of joh would you 2 10 do?
room ,rnrl s\\it<.hcrl tlw light on. M\ fricnd \\,15 on
11: 1 don'! 1 , rcally. hui l'm more"-- in
thc floor. ,1slPCJ>. 1 ,;pokc to him ancl ,;hools him, ,1nd,
working ourelde.
; , he ,,okc up. Thcn he 1olrl me that he o(ltn
,: Out,;idt.. Do ,ou drhc?
\\t1lls<.'<.l in hi,; sk'Cp ,md fc,lf O\Cr d1.1ir:. or 1ahlc,
11: Yt.,. 1 ch
\\ ithoul C'H'll nolicing!
>,: OK 1om clrh cr!
u; \\<.IJ l thinls l'd drivca car ...
E
x
t
r
a
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e

@
I
J

h
l
i
l
1
4
1
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Wc oftcn use thc passivc whcn the agenl is unknown
or whcn it is unncccssary Ibccausc it is obvious).
usedto Thc gold is brought to Europc. (= We don't know
the agent.)
Use used to+ ininitive to talk aboot habits and statcs Silver is used in jewcllcry a lot too. (= Thc agcnt is
that happcncd in thc past. and which usually do not obvious.)
happcn now.
Form the passive with the amiliary verb be+ past
Wc used to have long lunch breaks but now wc
have short brcaks. participle.
I used to enjoy working hcrc, but I don't now. (be) Subject be+ not Past participle
! Therc is no present form o used to. + 1 am
I O!e-to work late every day in this job. )( lle Shc is
\\e "
I work late every day in this job. ,/
You Th C) a,e
We can ulwavs use thc past simple instcad of used to l'lnpluved.
1 'm not ram non
but wc do nol use usc_,cl to for single past actions .c.
111' Shc 1n1 (is nou
that happcned only once).
"
I travcllcd to China for work once . ./
I useel to 11.,vel to China far work oncc.v
! ,,
Am
fou \ \l'

1
""' oren't tare notl

I used lo travcl to China or work. (= a lot o times) l'rllpltl\t'fl!

he ,he lt
Form the ncgativc ,rnd questions with did.
Are \'()U \\ C' 1hC'\
Subject Cnot) used tn Main verb
+ uwdto I KEY LANGUAGE I
1 ,ou he she u \\()(.
drdn't rdrd notJ u-e
tu
"e thl'\ IEIJ Negotialing
! Did use ro \\Orl..?
That secms a bitlrather !highllow).
! Note the spclling of me lo in negativos and qucstions. l'm nol sure we can (pay lhat muchJ.
\Ne didn'l use to have m,my cmployecs rhcn.
How ahout (S 1 00 cachl?
Did you use to have a big officc?
lf you arder (1,0001, wc can (oer 15.,).
Form short answcrs with e/id.
What about if we (arder 750)?
Yes, wc did. I No, we didn't.
That sounds fine.
! Do nor coufuse the pa! simple and past participlc of
tho vcrb USf' with ll'c/ to. Sh.ill we call il ($871?
Wc used to spend our summcr hofidays by thc sea.
(= used 10)
l used thc phonc whilc you wcrc out. (= past simple
I VOCABULARY I
o use) IYIJ Wo,k
I G2} Present simple passive colleaguc, departmcnt, emplorcc, industry, long
scrvicc, lunch break. markct leadcr, promolion.
We afien use thc passive whcn wc want lo focus on
rcport. staff, lraining course, work as,\ team
thc object oan active sentcncc. Wc do this by putting
thc objcct at thc bcginning o thc scntcocc. lm lmport-export
A lot of jcwcllcry is made from gold. hu)er, delivery, discount, cxx,rt, import,
The subject oan active scntcncc bccomcs thc agcnt manufacturcr, pricc, quantily, retailer, supply
uf thc passivc scntcncc. ancl wc use by to introduce it.
,Kli\'f'
IY1J Compound nouns
airlinc, chal room, newsp..ipcr, orange juicc, suitc.isc,
uhjL'<'I objcct
J, video shop
J,

Children in India make thcse ctothes.

passi\t'
142 81jjfli Language referencc
ubjcct
J,
Thcsc clothcs are madc by children in India.
IV4 I Sequendng phrases
after (fivc) to (six) days, following thal, las1ly,
nexl, to bcgin with
 Extra practice
(GJ] 1 Read this short text abuut a wmpany. Then (KD 5 Complete these mini-dialogues wilh
complete the sentences 1-5 with the correct form of phrases rom Kl.
used tu. 1 ,: \V(''d likc $50.00 or cach camera.
whcn t was rmmgcr. 1 ,,orked for a rcall, goud u: . nwvrc onl} 570.00 in thc shops!
companv for a fcw wccks a veer. 1 wanted to work ur 2 ,: 200, we L,m nffrr 20 .
it nftcr 1 lcft univcrsity, but it closcd a fcw vears ilgo. K: That isn't possiblc. \V<. onh \\,101 100 oi lhcrn.
TI1c business was irnporting books from thc USA- onlv 3 ,,: Cm \OU ofer a 2S0 .. discounl?
cducation.rl books. 1 workcd thcre in thc holidays whr-n tt: No, l'm afraid not. 1 'i<,

I was ,11 college, so thc bookv wcrc very uscful or me.

4 ,: lf \OU ordcr 500. \\C <.,m SC'll thC'rn .11 $5.00 cach.
\Ve could takc copies of anv book we wanted. but I
n: -..:o. . We c,m'I aord more th,1n 51. "iO
onlv took nbout thrcc or four whilc 1 ,,as therc. Thc
ca ch.
onlv problcm was that the monev wasn't verv good.
5 A.: $2 50 ea ch?
but it hclpcd 10 gct me through my studies!
ttc . \ Ve ,1ecept that oifff.
1 Tl1L' 111i11 work for ,ln import companv.
2 11 impurt books frum Europc. IYL1J 6 Find words in V1 and V2 for lhese

definitions.
3 11 impon educatiouo! books.

4 Thc writcr take lots of books. 1 thc pcrson ur pcoplc \\ho makc the products

2 thc peoplc thal \'OU work wilh

5 The moncv h1' VPI)' good.
3 onc person who \\orks for ,1 compam
2 There are mistakes in six of these sentences. Find 4 thc pcrson \\h sdls thc products
the mistakes and corree! them. 5 the )('rson \\ho finds thc products or a shop to sel!
1 \\le uscd to work vcrv late but wu don'! 110\\,
2 Thc comparw use to p;i, VCI)' good moncv.
IV1,2,3 I 7 Complete !he puzzle with the first
part of the compound nouns below.
3 1 didn't uscd ro ,,ork vcrv hard.
4 1 uscd tu go on ,l long business trip to Kcrea lest vear.
5 J also wenr to Hong Kong severa! limes. 1

6 Didyou uscd to travcl a lot on business?

7 We usc<l havc longer holida, s than wc do now.
8 'Did vou use In work harderr 'Yes, we uscd.'

IG2] 3 Choose the correct form.

1 This companv imporls / is imporled diamonds.
Must o the diamcnds imporl I are imported from
the Ncthcrlands.
2 OnC' of thc shops in thc \ illage :-e/Is! is sold lovclv
chocolato. The chocol.aes m,iJ..e I an- made A cross Down
by hand. 3 mom 1 shop
3 We can bouk I i) !)()()/..NI hotels ami ilights for you. 4 servicC' 2 lc.1der
A[[ thc booking doc / is done online. 5 coursc 4 brelk
4 Thc oficcs ceeo / are c/e,ined cvcrv cvcning. Thc
cleancrs comf' ,lrf' come at cight o'clcck. IV4 I 8 Choose the correct phrase 1-5.
/l's easy to make your own papcr. 'To begin wilh !
4 look al these pairs of sentences. Which is better,
liistly, takc sorne ordinary paper and tear it into
the active or passive version?
small pieces. Pul il in water until it is sot. 2foflowing
1 ,11 Mum makcs dinncr or thc fami!v cvcrv cccning.
this ! To begin wilh, changc the water and mi"' thc
bl Dinncr is madc for thc fomilv cverv evcnlng.
papcr and water in a food processor until thc mixture
2 a) Oil is vcry importan1. Dcad plants ancl animals
is thick (lhe pulp). lLast/y ! Ne'(!, pul the pulp in a
makc it.
bowl wilh more c/ean walff and mix il well. Puf lhc
b) Oil is VC'I) lmportaru. ll is madc from dead planrs
mixture on a square mould, like a shaltow box, and
and anima Is.
.-idd any 'person.11' dccor.1lions to your paper, c.g.
3 a) The clC>aners don't clcan the officc on Sundavs.
Jeaves. Pul hcavy books on top o the mould. 4Afler /
b) Thc oifice i<;n't cleancd on Sundays.
Next about 30 minutes, takc lhe books off. 5liistly I
Next, pul the paper in a warm place until il is
completely dry.
Extra praclice IIJ(III
1-B
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR I KEY LANGUAGE

Present continuous for future arrangements IEIJ Adding emphasis

We can use thc prescnt continuous to talk about Adverbs
thc futurc. ll's jusi a fcw minutes from thc centre.
What are you doing on Friday evening? We're only a fcw days from the start.
Wc're having dinner with my husband's boss.
Adjectives
We aren't meeting him until 9.00.
- irregular verb list, p.ige 166 11 will be a magical expcricnce.
Whcn wc use thc present continuous far thc futurc,
The village wilt havo magnificcnt facilities and
wc are ccrtain that the action will happcn. world-class hotels.
Thc taxi's coming al six o'clock. (= Wc'vc bookcd There will be a spectacular opcning ceremony.
thc taxi.)
Thc ministcr is giving a spccch tomorrow morning.
{= lt's organiscd.)
I VOCABULARYI

Wc oftcn use thc present continuous when wc havc (yI] People and organisations
made arrangcmcnts. so we usually givc a time or ambassador, assistant, civil servam, committee,
mcntion other pcoplc. dcpartmcnt, head o dcpartment, minister, presiden!,
l'm meeting Melanic al thc thcatre this evcning. spokesperson, sre
There is vcry linle diffcrcncc betwecn thc prcsent
continuous and gomg to.
IYI] Adjectives
l'm having a tcnnis lesson tomorrow aftcrnoon. comfortable, comprchcnsive, easy, clcctrifying.
Wc're going to spend the weekend by tbc sea. fantastic, high-spced, magical, magnificent,
memorable, modcm, quick, spacious, spcclacular,
EJ} Past simple passive
world-class
Wc use the passive when we want to focus on the
objcct of an active sentencc. IVJ I Linkers
- present simple passvc, p.1gc 142 ahhough, on thc other hand, therefore
Wc oftcn use tbe pasr simple passive to talk about thc
history of somcthing.
Thc first car was designed in Germany, but thc first
car far thc general public was made in the USA.
Thc importan! information is what happencd, nor who
did thc action. lf wc wanl to mcntion the agcnt, we
use by.
lho Sony Walkman was produced in Japan. lt was
invented by Akio Morita.
We oten use the passlvc whcn the agent is not
known, no! importan! or obvious.
The book wasn't published on lime.
The new James Bond film was released last month.
The ncw Microsoft software was launched in May.
Form thc past simple passive with was/were + past
participle.
When was thc first Harry Potter book published?
lt was published in 1997.
Was thc ncw car a success?
No, it wasn't liked by the public al all.

144 HJHIIIJ Language reference

 Extra p racti ce
;,
lfilJ 1 Write prescnl conlinuous scnlences from 3 thc minutes hotel O{'\\
' jU'-1 staton
these prompts. (\\ lht from

1 rnintsrcr / flv I Ccncva tomorrow
was cxpcrtcncc ., ;, memorable
2 vou sl,t\ / .u / l litton Hotel this ,,cck?
5 onlc \\JII,,. thc ., <tation <hort <tadium ,
from thc
3 t givc talk / on cducation lhis .rcmoon

-1 vitu.nion gct \\OSC

6 11('\\ \ it.\\ gi\C' ., \\ ill <tadium rrugnlccm
uf {'\(.'l\h tln- tln-
5 lhe-. not huild ne,, stadiurn next )l'M's
01 rnpics IV1] 6 Which job has each of thc new members
of the governmcnt got? Match thesc descriptions
with lhe jobs below.
1 vtarcus Antrim will work for llw govcmrncnt in
,C'\,
York.
2 Nuw decide whether the scntences in Exercise 1 2 Gcraldinc Smith has the top job in ccouornk s.
refer lo the future or the presenl. Wrile F or P. 3 Afi<.t,1ir rr.mk hclps Geraldmc Smh.
IG2j 3 Complete these sentences with the past 4 John \'\lil!,un hev rhc rnost lmportam joh in
simple active or passive of the verbs. thc dcpartmcnt th,11 \\orkc; ,, ith scbool-, ond
1 TI,e lnlCnlC'l companv lastminutc.com in univcrsics.
qq7_ tsot upl 5 Jane! l ourcncc h.1c; ,1 cl(.'<;k joh, \\orl,,.ing ior John

2 11 I)\ two business pcrtncrs: ,\l,lrlha Lanc-Iov \\lilson.

and Bn-nt l loherm,m. (c;t.uU 6 Ali'-On M.it Don.ilcl gi\C."' thc g0\crnm1..n1\ opinion

3 11,e comp.mv ll\ tinclinH last-minotc holid,1," lo tht. 0<.'\\ <.p,lJX'f'-.

lor pcoplc. tbcginl al \lini<.IPr ni l:dut,111011

4 Hui 11 soon mto indmH hotcls. thcatrc tid,et,, !ll Ci\il Strml in Edut.i1ion Ocp,irlnll'nl
and cvvn restaurants for pcoplc. Cmmel t l He.,d o rinunc 1.. Dq>,irtmC'nl
5 \\artha .anc-Fcx the lnmp,1m at thc cnd 01 ch A<.-.i<.l,1111 to Ht,1d oi hn,lnt.t'
.!()(H. tll'.l\l'I
el Pres <.pol,,.t<.pcr.,on
6 'hC' in a l,lrcr,1 .. h in f-.lt1rtKfO in 200-L n Amh.1s<..1dor
talrm)',I kiltl

7 Slw rom her injuries O\Cr thc ncvt \C'.lr. m] 7 Thc underlined adjectives are all in thc
trccovon wrong sentcnces. Cnrrect them.

8 l ostminuto.corn lo Trovciocitv. anorhcr 1 Y,iur n1x1r1 ,,,1-. t\c.dll nl.

1
lt < m c.r<.'CI t.'\ tr. thing

lntl'rmI trovcl um1p..lm, in 200=i. !<;(lh ,inri \\,l" rl',111\ "IJ,U rnl-..
2 Tht. Fnnth \\orld-d.1,;,;; tr,iin ., muth faqt.' !h,m lhC'
4 Is the agent necessary in these sentencest lf not, Hri1i.-.h onc..
cross it out. 3 l'm <.ur( 1'11 slrep lwthr in nur ne,, hed - 11\ mm h
1 Ilu- e ompanc \'" qartod in I IJ1)1J h, if foundt.r. more 1,mt,1<.IK 1h.1n !he old om.
2 f-.htro<;olt \'i,;;f,1 ,,,1,; laum hcd m 2007 h\ xtlcroson. 4 A c..ipit,11 ti!, nC'C."<lc; 101 01 h1gh-c;pc'(..'<I hotlI,; thc.><.c
3 'Gurrnic ,1' \hl" p,1intNI h Picav-o. <l.i, (,_
4 Thc namc 01 tlw new Secretar, Glntr,11 ,,.1,; 5 K.ucn'<. n<'" ,1p,1r1mcnl ._ ,el'\ <.timpr('hcn<.i\l'.
.mnounccd vcstcrdav h thc prcscru Sccrotarv (, Th,ml,,.-. fnr im ilm lh to ,our p.-irl) - ,,c h.1rl ,1
General. e omfort,1hl(' linw.
5 Thc stoo \hl', publisbcd ll\ ,1 popular new-papcr.
6 Thc nt,, huilrling \\,J<; nisbod in time for th1.. (y3 8 Complete these sentcnccs with ,1fthough,
e onNC'lllt.' h\ buildcrv, on the othcr hand or therC'forc.

1 lt \\,l'- \cr, c.old \t><.\<.rda,. 11 "'" ,rr. ,;;unn,.

I.KL 5 Pul these words in the correct order, 2 M joh i!> nul \('') c.ha11engin. , t h,1\t'

1 \\ill t1d,C'I<, !Hl.00 co onh 2 hotrlc; buill wortd-cl.rss thcv cix

h,1\C'
 dt.'c. i<lcd to fine! .-.om<.thing mor1.. '-Uil.1hle.
3 ln <.onw \\,l\,; luli.1111 .. \C.'I'\ p1ca ...1n1. ,he, ..
'>(>llll'llffit..., ,l).l.gf(.",<.i\t'.

4 m, llC'\\ fl.11 h.1-. onh l\,o room<,, it' \t.'I'\

,;paciouc;.

l:x!ra praclice l@llf 145

 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Phrasal vcrbs can be intransitive or transilive.
lntransitive vcrbs do not need an object. e.g. go up.
EIJ Present perfecl conlinuous Prlccs have been going up.
Transitivc verbs, e.g. give out, tivow away, nccd an
Use lhe continuous form o the prescnt perfcct lo
objcct
talk about actions that bcgan in thc past and are still Thc man was giving out lealets in thc high strccl.
continuing.
Don't throw that book away!
l've been working in this comp,my sincc 2002.
Whcn a phrasal vcrb has a noun as thc objcct, W(' can
The action can be continuous or rcpeated. Thc pul the noun after the \erb or after lhc p..1rticlc.
climalc has been changing recenrly. Wc've Supcrmarkels give out a lot of plastic bags.
been taking mcasurcments of sea ice. Supcrmarkcts give a lot of plastic bags out.
We oten use for and since with thc prcscnt perfcct Whcn thc objcct is a pronoun, it goes ;:itcr lhc vcrb.
continuous with action vcrbs.
Can you give thCS<' out?
Hc's been making TV progr.:immcs for ten ycars.
l've been watching his documcntJry series sincc
January. I KEY LANGUAGE I
- preseot IX'f{'(l whh kx and 5inn, page 132
I KL j Asking for confirmaliun: queslion tags
Do thc present perfccr continuous with srarc
1101 USl'
verbs, Le. vcrbs thal describe foclings and situations.
That's quite normal, isn't it?
Use the present pcrfcct simple with tbese vcrbs. There are a couplc of olher problcms, arcn't thcrc?
l've known my friend in Ncw York for ages. ./ Thc projcct salves .i prohlcm, <k>e<,n'I it?
l've been knnning m)' riend in Nc>w York Of egos. X VI/e havcn't sccn lhat lx.-fore, ha\e ,.. t>?
Othcr vcrbs like this are be. neve. 1hml, undNsland. You can'! gel gr('('ncr than th.it, l.lll )OU?
Thcrc has been a drought in casi Africa alt ycar. ThC) could do il unp.1id, cou1dn't thcy?
l've had this job for a long time now.
! The vcrb have can he ,1 stotc vcrb (mcaning o ni or
an action vcrb (mc,ming t.''lpcrit.nce ur lake).
I VOCABULARY I
We've been having problcms with floocls reccntly. ly[I Global and local environment
Form thc prcscnt pcricct continuous with thc vcrb ha1e Arctic, coral reef, dcrclict, droughl, dump, extreme
+ been + -ing form of tbc main verb. weather, glacicr, global \\.irming. graffiti, rainforcst,
(11,ne) Sulljecl l,,m! (+ nol) bccn -ing form
rubb,sh, run-down, scrufi), sea ice, sea levels,
1 ,uu \\{' Th<'S ve ,h,l\l'l tcm1x.-rature, \\astcland, wcll-kept
+
He Shc (m Containers
" 't 1h.1
\\Ori..1n.:.
bottlc, box, t.an, carton, jar, packCI, poi, tin, tube
- 1
- \'OU
- we lhl", h.11(.n't +h.11t -
non ht't'n
H, '>llt.' lt h,1<.n 1 h,i- nor. IY1J Materials
\\Orl..m?
' 11.lH.' 1
11.1 he
\OU

hl
\\l' lllt'\ aluminium, cardboard, glass, metal, papcr, pl,1stic

"
Phrasalverbs
Pbrasal vcrbs are comolnations of a ccrb and one
or I\\O othcr words, oftcn prcpositions. Thcsc othcr
words are callee! partlcles. Hcre are some common
phrasal vcrbs:
verb particle
cul down
find OUI
givc back
lhrmv ;nv;iy
I rcally must cut down my smoking!
Wc don't throw any pcpcr away.
Phr,15.11 verbs oen have a rlifferent meaning from !he
vcrb on lts nwn.
cul clown = reduce
find out = discover

146 C'Jllill Language reference

 Extra p racti ce
1 Wrile sentcnces from these prompts, u!>ing -1 \\ ricmb, ,,,mt lo a paper rccvcling
the present perfect continuous and for or sincc. business.
1 <ea Ievcls I risc manv \C'<H". 5 Cm \OU sorne inormation about
51,1 /p,rf, h,ne lx'f.'n ri,ing ir m,1m \(,1,. nur k-ar )(J\\Cr for me?
2 wc recvclc plactic 1995 6 \ Ve so muc.h rubbl-h \\ hen Wl' wcrc
, ounger - no\\ ,, e rccv < le more.
3 Arctlc kc I mclt quid,I, rhc lJ'-1 fe,, , ear<- 7 that littcr \Ve don't ,,.mt rubbish on
thc srrccts hcre.
8 1 know J vour phone numbcr but 1 <.,.in't
4 1 reuse plastc bap.s a fo,, \f',U'-
fine! it anvwhl't.'.

5 rhc car industl'\ r('{IUlC' Iuel pollution thc 1980<; 6 Corred the mistakes in these sentences.
1 ArC' tho"(' vour soc.k,; on 1he lrx1r? Piel.. up tht'm!
i gloh,1[ ,,.1rming harm the Farth ,1 long time 2 Thr pric.e of petrol has hccn up going rc<.C'nlh.
3 C.1n vou giw b..1t.l. ml' tha1 lx>ok on reC\ding?
-1 The roundcr-, of IBM have up <iCI ,1 nt.'\\ husines'-.
2 Choose the corree! form.
5 no ,ou ,m,1, thrm, old things?
1 \ \ L'\ r- h,1(/ l>t't'n h.1, in,-: soler p.mcls for i\ e \ ear-.
2 Phil rkX"-n'I IM\C' a CM- he\ hir('(/ xon hiring lKb] 7 Match these statements and question lags.
< ,ir<, \i!ll..l' he p,1,<.t'(/ hlv te-a. 1 The lr,1ir going 10 lr.1\C' on timC',
3 Mari,1 h,1,;n't wen lx>t.n ht>ing h,1pp, sim e <he lcr 2 You c.,m't re<.\ ( Ir gl,1s hnltk"i hcre,
her la<;t joh. 3 Tht'\ \e rehuih thP t.n111muni1, untre,
-i l\1.. \,Ht'< bt>tn ,,11m1,: mont'\ for rm holid.i 4 RCC\-ded papPr doc!,n'I t.ost morC' th,m ordin.1n
._nu._ M.ud1. p,1per,
5 Hm, long hace ,ou .lno\\n IJt't'n /..no\\ing ,our 5 The, h,1,C'n'I hurnt thcC\identl',
tcac lwr? 6 Thi,; i,n't thc c..HJl' 01 thC' problem,
6 lhc for(.'<.! h,1, hum/ /x'('fl buming ror ten d.i\'-. 7 Your idea rt,111\ sol\t.><, thc problem,
7 l\c uscd been u-Jng thc Internet J lot rcccnuv 8 You l,ln g<'I <l di,toun1 if ,cm rt.turn 1h1 l>11ttft-'.,,
8 1 h.1\en't undcr,too<.I lX'en undtnt.mdin ,mqhing

m lhi'- dcx.umenl,U'\ <o clr. ,11 e an ,ou? C) h,l\'l'the\ !

In <,m't \OU? I h,l\C'n't th('\?
3 Complete these sentences so thal they are true tIdo,.., il? gl is il?
or you. di (i()(.'<;n'I 11? hl l'ifl t 1t?

1 l\l' bccn ll.1rning for .,m((' .

2 l\c 1..nm, n for vnc e 1W 8 Cirdc the odd one out

3 I'vc bccn c.oming to this hool tor ,inw 1 drought gl.icif'r C'\treme \\l',1llwr
-1 l\l' h,tcl /r -lnce 2 \rt.f. raimort"'il ruhhi.,h

5 l\tlw<nrC',lding {or ,ince . 3 .,,.,1 iu:- gr,1ffiti ruhhi.,h

6 t'vcbcon working for i11c1 . -1 c.or.11 rt.'(.'I \\,1,.teland gl,1t.ier
5 \\l.'ll-1..epl run-do\\n dcrdicl

4 Compare )'Our sentences with a partner. 6 ,t.,1 iu <,(',l lc,el r,1inrort.,1

[G2 5 Complete these sentences wilh thc verbs IV2,J 1 9 Unjumble the anagrams to makc
and particlcs in the buxes. Change thc form where conlainers and malerials.
necessary. 1 Soft drinl,. u,u.1lh wme in I\\N \11\11 UU s,AC
2 ,\RJ); ,ue uualh m,1de ol SI ,\);C.
Verbs: c.trrv < ul lind tt, pkk cct
3 R[PP,\ ha ,l lot ot UC'-.
throw \\ rile
4 \Ve c ..m hU\ mil!. in TOTLER or CRANOTS.
5 1\ Jot of Bf\0 .irC' mMk from DI-M(DRABO.
Particlcs: ,l\\,1\ down dm,n tnttt 6 J'd lil..t ,1 BUT oi !IK)thp.1stl'.
out ou1 up up
1 r\ lor 01 thought tmo foocf p..1t kaging.
2 Tht'\ rcso.tnh lmo global ,,arming al
thc momcnt.
3 !>uwrm,irl..<ts should ttw quautltv 01
p.u 1..agmg th.n tbcv use.
Extra practice

HJHIH 147
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR I G2j too and enough
Use too much!many + noun to mean 'more than we
Sccond conditional need or want'.
We use the sccond conditional to talk about the result wc'vc spcnl loo much money.
oan actton. Thc action is unreal, Le. il can't happcn There are too many adverts on TV.
or is vcry unllkcly to happcn. Use enough + noun to mean 'thc corrcct amount'.
l wc practiscd more, wc would be bctter at hockey. rvc had enough chocolate cake for now, tbank )'OU.
(= Wc don't practico, so wc aren'! good al hockey.) Use nol enough + noun lo rnean 'lcsvfcwcr than wc
lf wc had more time, wc woulcl practisc. nced/want'.
(= Wc don't havo thc time, so we clon'l praclise.) Thcrc aren'! enough opportunities far womcn.
lf I was rich, l'd buy a satltng boat. (= l'm not rich, (.:= fower than 11e w.101)
so J can't buy a s..1iling boat.l
Use 100 much with uncountablc nouns and too many
! lt is also posstble to use/( f !he!she were in thc with countablc nouns.
sccond conditional.
t'vc got too much work al thc momcnt.
lf she were )'Oungcr, shc'd become a sports tcachcr.
This campan)' has got too many problems!
lf I were you, l'd start taktng sorne cxcrcise.
Use (not) enough wirh both countablc and
WC' can also use tho socond condilional to talk about
uncountablc nouns.
possible futurc actions, but thc octions are unlikcly
Wc didn'I havc enough good sportspeople at thc
to happcn.
tast games.
What would you do if you won a million dollars?
Havc you gol enough time?
lf I won ,1 rnillion dollars, 1 wouldn't go lo work any
more! Wc can also use too and (not) ... cnough with
adjectives.
/f-dause (condition), main rtausc (resull) Mark docsn't do atl)' sport. He's too lazy.
li - r,i,t vimpk-, wookln t
\\(}IJ/d lames will win the racc. He's fast enough.
inmuvc 11 lthuut 11, Gill won't pass 1hc cxam. Shc's not clever enough.
li lhL'\ showed more intcrl..,L thov 'd 111 Utdc/1 gcr mon ! Be carcful o thc word arder with too and enough.
hclp. foo much / too many / enough + noun: Wc h.wen't
11 r didn't gr-t tho oh, l'd n1mi/d1 be r<.1111 got enough people fur thc team.
unh.rppv. too+ adjcctive: l'm too tired.
adjectivc + enough: You arcn't quick enough.
! Wc usually pul ,1 comma aftcr thc if-clausc.
Wc can also use might or cou/d in rhc main clausc.
l they spcnr more money on sports, wc might win
I KEY LANGUAGE I
more meda Is. Eh] Conversation fillers
l you stavcd with me in thc surnmcr, wc could visit
Let me see/think, ...
Athcns togcthcr.
Wcll, ...
We can pul thc main clausc frrst. l \\C do this, wc
don't use a comma. l think l'd ...
Thcy'rl spond more moncy if peopte showcd more lhat's a difficult onc.
intcrcst. To be honcsr, l'd ...

I VOCABULARY I
IYI] Spo,ts
archery, badminton, cycling, dragon bo..11 racing.
fencing, ootball, gymnastics, hockey, judo, sailing,
table tcnnis

IV2] Personality types

careful, cautious, compctitivc, individualistic,
non-competil\.C, risk*seeking, seff-sufficicnl, sociable

148 (fMflfJ languagc rcfcrence

 Extra practice
gT' 1 Match the two halves o the second (Kl 1 4 Complete the conversation with the
conditional sentcnccs. phrases in the box.
1 lf I ncodcd rnorc moncv ior rnv sport.
I thinJ.. l'd let me to be bonest.
2 1 wcutd gct a lot ucr.
That's ,1 clifficull one. \Vell,
3 Our plavers might \\ in more marches.
4 lf more pcoplc wcrc intcrcstcd in this sport 11: M) doctor think-, 1 should do more sport. to gct
5 \\e would hosr a dragon bcat festival fitter. \\ hat do \OU think I shculd do?

6 \ Vh,11 would you <lo u: 1 'rou'rc nut rccllv sportv. are \ou?

11 l'd tn to get funding from a cornpanv, ,: ! l'm not ,;urc .iboul 1hat! 1 \\alJ.. fo ,,orJ.. .

b1 il would rcceive more funding. 11: lf',; \C' minut<.'S il\\.l) ! \Vhat ,,ould ,ou likc to tn?
( l i lht..'\ practiscd rnore seriouslv. ...: i S(_'(_'. 1 \\,is thinl..ing about <.,1iling.
dl if, ou ,, on ., 101 oi monc}? 11: s.1iling?

l'l i1 1 pl,lH'<I more '-porl. >,; Don'! ,ou 1h1nl,. it's ,1 .t<x>el idc,1?
it we thought cnough boate ,,ould cntcr. o: \Vcll, .i l'<l 11) sorlll.'lhing J bit casier ,ll first.
A:\\ hat ,,ould you sup,get?
2 Complete the text with the corree! form o n: :; prcfcr to lcam somclhing likc arrhcl"\.
the verbs. ,: Oh, 1 don't 1hink '>O! 1 ,,ouldn't gct cnough C);trc_ist_
from 1h,1l
What 1 you (do) if you 2 (not have) tt: 1 knO\\ ! Wh,11 ,1hout cvcling? Jt's rcalh good
enough money to continue your sports club? cxcrdSl ami ,ou tan do it am\\hcre ...
l'm In that position now. 1 run a badminton club A: Ycs, hut I ha\.cn'I got ,1 hikc!
and we're in danger of closing because we don't IYIJ 5 Find the sports in Vl for these descriptions.
have enough members. lf we 1 (have) more 1 lt's pla,ccl h) two tc,1ms of clC'\cn pcopk.
members, we 4_ (get) enough money to pay 2 TI1i.:; imol\('<; a 101 ol peuplc un a ri,er.
the sports centre that we play in. They've pul
3 Thi,; l,ln he. pl,1)ed ,,ith t,,o or four IX'Oplc. lt\
their prices up - if their prices s (not be) so Vel"\ ,lI.
high, we 6 (be) in a better position. lf we
4 Thi is likc ,1 fight bchvC'C'n f\\O pcoplC', \\ith no
7 (not have to) spend all our money on paying
fer the club, we -- (have) enough money to
C'<}UipmC'nt.
5 This ,. u,;;u,1lh done nn 1he S(',1. ,mi can dn it atonC'
advertise fer more members. The other problem
or \\.llh othtr people.
is lnsurance -we have to have insurance and that
b ,ou can do thi.:; ,ilonc or \\ith 111hcr<.. ,ou ha,<. to
costs money too. lfwe 9_ (not have) lnsurance,
h.1\(' hikC">.

we 1 o (have to) pay a lot of money if someone

had an accident. IY7] 6 Choose the correct adjectives 1-4 in this

job advert for a tennis instructor.
One way of getting more members would be to
accept any players into the club, but if we 11
(do) that. we 12 (get) people who can't play
W are looking for the rtght person to
well enough. Can you give me any advice? teach the tennis stars of the future.
You wiR work on your own and be responsible
[G2 3There are mistakes in four of these for ali the temes ,nstrucbon at the dub so you
sentences. Find thc mistakes and corrcct them. must be 1competttNe / self-sufficient. We need
1 \\p c.m'r gct fundinA cnough or our c_lub. a 2soc,at,le / nsk-seeklng pe,son who wil spend
2 Thcrc are loo much ,lSP<-'<-IS lo lhi,; problom. a lot of Ume wrth our young people. both playlng
tennis and soaally. You wilt need ali your skls
3 Thc_\ arcn't ,;lul\\ ing cnough intcrcst in our idea.
to teach the children to be 3compet,we I non-
4 \\o<;t or our pl,lH'r" arcn'r cuough compctlvc to competJtNe in their matches. You will need to
"in. try new ways of teactung and take nsks 1n thls
5 1 c_,1111 pl,1\ anorhcr gente. l'm loo tired. job. so we can't accept candidatas who are too
6 1111,.r(' are too mam ,ldvcrts for cxpcnsiw traincrs 4nsJ<-seekJng I cautJous.
onT\.
7 11 c_tt .. much toe moncv to do this sport.
8 ,\\v .;porte; p,;Hholo..:i,;t told me 1 w.1sn't risk-sccking
cnough.
l::xtra praclice C'ijf@Q
l-l9
 AUDIOSCRIPTS
CD I C'lc.'f\<)fl(' lml''> 1x11gum,. Em. Jll\ tlK'fl I m,1rrit'll Ben1.imln J H'.Jr l.itl''f.
prohllm, 111rh th1<, 1rip? in I l)<l'i. 1 did11 1 lhmk ,1hout runmng
Lesson 1.1 Track 1.2 n: \ \di. 1 '>llf)f)O'i(' thl' -.{',l<,0(1 1or !he or port .1l lh,1t tinw. 1 h,1d ,1 l1l\d1
R,porltr. \f.m. 1 l<H1JJt1 ( hit/ u/ polK t .\nt,1n..t1t tnP" i ,hc,rt '-mtmher hu..h..1n<l . .i hornt. .ind llwn I lx'l,mlC'
11: Onh I\\O 1hing" ,m' h,lflJk'fling 1n to Fd:m.Mn th.11', 011h al)(1ul 1our ,1 moth<'f. 1 h.11t four hlau1i1ul bO\ ...
l lor1d,1 ngh! nm\ \\,utmg or 11',1\ mg. month\ lom;. 1: ",o, 11h\ rlid \OU -r.irt nm11mg!
lbo pcoplo or l lorlda ,irt euhcr ,: 'll'Jh. 1 .igrc.'l' .ind 1 ckm't lilC' th<' 1: \\t .irl' J poor 1.1m1l1: \\l' h.11e 1u,t ,1
\\,1itmg ror Hurncano 1 clcn. or II e,1thc..r m lh(' rnount,1111,. tc.'11 .inunal<. thrc.'l' ..Jll,.,11 ,md '-l'\t'll
thc, 're ll',l\ ing in thctr t,1r-. u: ,1>.rw1tlxYdol.lt,1\1nchand <h1tlC'n, 111 t.1ct ,,nd .i liUlt land
'I: rm "'' 1ng hcrc. 1 h,l\C' ,1 lot 011ocl<I th,ml'.1hll' in thl' "Umrnt.'f. Bu! 1, th.it lor 1x>1,1l1M..,. \\l'r<' J h,ml-\\orlm;
in m, bou-c and. at 1hl' moml'nt I'm .1 pmhll'm tor our < u,tornt.'f",? Thc.'\ r,1m1h. hui 1n uur 101...il ,1rtJ n111
C(l\t-ring, tbe \\ mdm,., ,, rth wood, 1 lile. ,1t,,c.'f1\Ufl' Jlll'f ,111 Jk<t)fll' l'Jrn u11ckr a doll.ir .1 d.1, o.
l,..n, l\\ .1hou1 tht cLmgtr l"'fX'(_1,1lh <,: Trut. hui 11., not mc.t 1,,1lling m thc.. \\t' d1d11 1 h.11 C' ,1m mon<'\ hui IH'
.utor 1 \urm.. JllC' t,...itnn,1, but. ,,l'II. 1 m 111nd ,111 tllC' tml{' In ldtl I ckm t lill' 11Jn!t'(I to >,(,'fld our lxl\ .. lo "l.. ho11I
not k,1, 1ng. 1h< ,1c1111t1l"- - th<'\ fl' ll'f\ ord111Jr\. Thm. l.1t w,,r m\ ol:'rhbour told me
11: 1 m .,>tUing out o heee. Tht'\ n u: Don t 1ou? 1 do. Hof'l' ndmg 1, ,1l111ul 1hl' ruonmg r,1t l"' ,m<l 1hc.. pnzt
'-JI ing th,11 thi" ., ,1 rNll1 cl.lngC'l"l')U<. .il\1,1,., x1pul,1r Jnd l'\l'r\Ol'll' < ,m h"' n11111t'\. ',o. 1 ck'll<kd ro ,1.1rt runnin.:
hurrk anc ,md t don't \\,mi to meet 11. 1rl'lling. t thml 1h1N,1cl!\llll..,,lrt .incl hl'rl' 1 ,1m 11\1 !
Oi cour-e. ttw ru,1cl.. .irt rt,1111 hu.., 1int. t"'fX'U,1111 11 \\(' \\,1111 to ,lllf,l(I 1: 1 kM did ,ou lrain ,md lc11,l ,11tl'r lhc>
IX'l,lU-.t m.m, IX't.flll' .1rt k,11 m),. 1ir-t hll)('f",. lhildnn .11 th1. ...1m1 tmw?
11: Tht hurrit.-int.., 11111\mg north .1CfC)';" <,: \\l'll lmnot,un,.l1hi11lour 1: \\\ hu<.lklnd Bl'lll,111111111,1, \l'f'\
rhc CJrihlx.m ",t.1 ,md 11 commg c.u,tonX'f, \l,ml l'll'I\ .1111\llll"- or hc..lp1ul. t 1r,1mt'<I t'\t'f\ mommg
ltl\1,ml, Fl(lfici..l. ',1nlflg 11 md-, .mrl um1,u.1I Ol'll"'. An\\1,1, 11h,1t ,1hc.MJt r.111 m thc hrll<, ,1nd lknpmm m,1dt
ht,11, r.un an- hittmg thc uklI. Hl'luC'? hrt,1ltJ"I mr thl' hl11 " rh(,,, rl' ,c'f\
,md lht' hurnr <Hll' 1, gC'ltm h1AAN o: \\c.11. 11hml tlu l"l'\ldltnt lx.'l,IU'-l' nun - lhl' okk.-.1 t<. onl, mn<' "' il
and tactcr, 11' l'IO\\ ,1 < ,lk"V,Of\ 111ur th< .itl\ itit... lool inltn...tmg. 11.i,n 1 "-'''' ltl 111\ hu.,h,md. !Ju1 ht'
hume ,m< 11 lrn h m(',m fho 11 ind '> : l\n<l c,11tmg. dicln't gtt ,mgf\ ht ,1111,1\, ,m1ll'<I!
'fK'!:'fl 1, 100 l1lomc.'lrl"- pe.'< hc)Ur ... n: h,11 11,. 01\ mg m c ll',lf hlue \\ Jll'f l lt\ ,l p,1t1c.'1ll. tnmctl, m.1n. \nd lat
rm 0011 m tbc pohcc '>t,111on 1111h thc 11h1tt'-\\Jlt'f <Jltmg. In IJll, 1 don t 11c.,.{ hl' <,old 0111. ol hi, <.ht>t1 ,md .1
ducr 01 poln e. thml IIK'ft' ,lrt.' ,In pmhlt,-n, w1th the th1tll'n to p,1, ior m1 ht'l lo tonK
t: Ourt.'flll'f\,"l.'flll pl,m,g11in:11dl.A'> ,llll\ 111(.... to ,,111uhi. I IC' hl'l"N.'fl ll'H.' H'n mu, h
1<lll ln<11\ 1q rnt<'fl g1t hunn.ua-, m '> : 't'1!hc..'f du l. Hui II h,11 ,1bout thc> he, \l'f\ lmd.
HoncL:i o 1H lnt11\ 11h.i110 do. \\p lll'Jlhtr? \\ ht'fl\ th< l"N."'1 tUTll' lo A? 1: IJ1<l \()ll \\111 ITIUlh lllC)(ll'\ \l"'ll'frl,11 {
do thrv lind 1111h1n c.11..'I'\ 1cw. ,md o: \\ ell. t thml lht tn)',. '>hclllld lx m rhc. 1: Oh. ll"' 1 d1d. Oh. ,1 lo! ,1 lol. \ lul
lhr, -urnrrcr ., no d.ncrcnr. On fhc di'\ '-1.',Nlll. 111r ffll' ,mrl m, 1,1m1I,. 1 \\IJl1 $1.! (X)().
-tnvt-, m, rren ore drnng thcn 101,.. '> : '<"' ..o do l. t"'f>t.u.ill, IM..'l,Ju<.t. or thl' 11 .. 1ntrnhhlc.. J <.t1ll t,m, lxht'll' th,11
,111d 1111.... n- d1l'll111g lh.il pl'l:1plc. ,1rc. hurnt,nK"' in !he.. r,1m1 >,(,'J!!()('l. 1 \1011 thl' JLl'. '\()\\ \ll' l.111 "l'tKI
..,.lll'. Ln h H',l< <.tltllt' pt'(1plp ll',l\l' thc o: '<"' ,1n<l ,1l<.o 1t., ,1 l1t1I< (ooltr rrom (lllr thddrt'fl 111 ,l ..'l:1od-..( he 101. \\'htn
,lfl',1 ,111d ntlwr. '>l,11. l 1th1'f 11,11, 111 '01trnllt'f In \ 1,1\ \\(' 11('1'(' \IMJll\!. 11(' d1d111 h,lll'
,ll\1,1\ hdp ('\l'f\Ofll'. ,; o. hcn, lnng 1., lht' hol1<L1, <.t'J<.on? lht t h,111< t' to rm,,h our OOut,1lion.
it Hurruane l ltk'f'I ,., ,l ll'f\ '>lrong ll'4., <.t.'(, C'f, '\,(J\tmlM..'f. l>c.1..t111IM..'I' hur p1.rh.11}', ourt hildr(fl t ,1n go to
hurric.,1111. \mi thc- quo-non ., - 1111' )JOUJI'\ frhru,11'\ '-1.trc.h. Apnl. M,l\ un H,...1h .
.ut thcrc more "lrnng hurrit,lll(..., 1 fr)'\\ m.im '> 1h.il! J: \\J" lhi, m.1r.ilhon ,our lat r,1Cl'1
c.'\t'f\ 1t,1rt Rc-corch ,how'> th.11 1>: 'x'\t'fl n11Xlth,. l thm .. thJI .. .:01xl. 1: Oh. 1 ckm t thml "! Tht.'\ 11.inl nw
!he.. number 01 '-lrong hurrn ,1f'll><, ., .,. Do 1ou! 1 m no! '>UfC'. In tlw l \ lht 1<> rJt m Lurc11x 111.,1 \l',u! ( ,1n
im n.1 ..ing ,md 1h,1t tht'\ re. ..>t.iling hohcl.1\ <.(',1\l)fl'> ,1r<' loogtr Ami .,l .. 1. 1ou in1.1guw? 1 hit' m ,1 tm, 1 ill,1.;t
"lrongt>r. imt ic.'flll"t" ,.11 the, I don t 11 ,101 to ont>r tri)', ,mn,ht'fl' in lhl' t.., .. 1,,1111 Pun11\ ,1<k ,md tlK'\
., 1)(,.,,lu'>t' 01gluh,1111.1rm1ng. Tiw rw.1r 1tw humt,ll'll' "lw,on. ,ou lno11 11,1111 nw to run m l'Jn'> ,md l onck10.
"l'J\ gtUing hot!t'f ,md warm -.(,1, th,11 hurm,1111..,,1r1 .:t1mg ,1ron..>t.'I' I ht)f){' l t.1n t,1l1 m, 1,1m1h. ,mcl th,11
t,lll"l' hurri1 ,mt,. Thl \ml'rR,m ,md ,trun.;t>r Jl'lll \\di. lll' don't IH' don1 nt'l'<l to "l'II Jll\ mort .,h('f.j)
..>mt'fnnK'fll dot><,n t ,lWl't' 111th 1h1'> l1"11111 11 h,11, h,1p1xm11g rNlh. ,md <hilhn,.
um11t'< lion lxt11 ron gloh,11 11.im,mg o: ",ure. -..(). ltI\ ..,,, tl'H.' hcllid,11 ..,,,,on
,md hurrit.,mt"'. 1ght 1101, 1hc1ugh. i, "" month, lonl.\. lesson 2.2 Track 1.9
tl'H.' l'M'oplC' 01 1 loml,l ,lrt' 1u<;I II'\ mg tu .,. ni... int. ',o. \\hllh do ,ou pr<'l1'f!
'-.l\l' thc..ir hc)(1...._... ,md tlw1r li1<"o. lh1, l ,,,1, ,mg1n.:.
n: l\'f",()r,,1lh. 1 prt'ltr lll'llle to \l'J,,'l'll!Hl.l.
1, ln,mnt \\dih. hit> from l loncL1. 2 - \ \,h .,he:., t,111n?
,: \ 1111111 '>ll do I but thc.. AntJJ'l.lK
H,l< l h1 ,1l l m lhc- <;fu<l10. ,c.-.. ,he 11,1 ...
t ru1-.t 1, .1 }:rt',11 11k.1. Lc.1, 11)(,l ,it lh<
J \\1 \\l'ft' quch mg
oth1>r 11\u. ,md th<n 1k'litk.
4 \\c rt thc., run'lmg?
Lesson 1.3 Track 1.3
Lesson 2.1 Track 1.6
,c.. !he'\ \\('f('.
\11m m. D1.1nJ 5 He 11.1 p,1mhng.
'>: ,o. IJ1,111J. Jll\ thouAh1,? fo,um,1h,1 fnltrprl'lt'f 6 -\\,1,tx11orl111r
u: \\di, 1 lell' tl'H.' "OUIUI ol l'fl!IO,I. 1 1: ( h1moll'I. d1<l ,ou \\,mi 1u htumK' - 'le."> ,IK' 11,.,
1hml 1h1 \nt,,r< 11< \\ rldhrt trui<.< 1<, ,1 ,m ,11hld< 11ht'fl ou klt "thool! 7 \\htrl' 11,1' h, li\mg!
gr1,ll 1dl',l. 1: Oh. no. 1 d1dn t. 1 comt trom ,l H'f\
S \\l'fl' tht'\ 1dlmg jol..t"''
,. \lmn, '-IJ ch l. lt\ unu<;u,11 ,1ncf fll)()r plJc.C' ,ind nl\ molh<'f d1l'll \\ hc..n
- '(", !he..'\ lll'fl'
111.1'> ,1,l('('fl. o I ll'tl-..( h,1111 ,md
9 \\ h1 lll'r<.' lhl'\ hl'lpmg him?
10 \\11,ll\\l'fC'\llU'(',ldmg?

.\llDto,l RIPT<,
150
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

Track 1.10 x: )'(',lh. l'\;J<. ti,! Ami l"d 111..l' to l11t' 11ith ll<'\\ "fl,liH.'r II hik you'n, l, t ling. lf I
,1 C.1n.1di,m, ,m1 l..n1/\\, rll\ ,iltr liH.., tr.iHI h1 tr,1in I g...i om tll tht' trt'I.'
J'd lil,o tp im i1C I ouc Arm1rnng h<'< ,llN' in Toron!o. Al"<), doctor-, art u,u,111\ t1('\\,p,1X'r. lill' lhc \fc/m 1hal 11t
! thmk he \\il thc gn,1lt"'l mucki.m evcr, hont"'t ,md r<."-p1.m,iblC>. \\lh.1t .1boul h,11e hl'rl' in London. Bue 11hl'n r gct
I know that hic carl, lilt' w;i \t'r) hard l'OU? hl \\orl,,, 11C' h,1w tht rb1h p,1fX'I"',
he t.trnc from .:i \l'r\ poor i,1mil\ in Nt\\ ,: \\ldl ... l'rm ... lw <.ound quitt qu1l't lwrt'. ',() .11 lund1tmw, 1 rtwl Th,
Ode.rn-. nu1 he bod am,1zing tncrg\ .md ... tell m<. .1houl 1ht' other, irr ... ( ,u.1rdi.m or I h,lH' ,, look ,1l otll' ni
,1h1l1tit"-. 1 lt t ould ing, pl,l\ inctrurnentc tht t,1blo1rk
,md dam e. HP rrudo m,lll\ x.ord-, .md 11: \\h,11 ,iliout m.ig.iLim?
ht t h,1ngl'<I [azz - he m,l{lt i1 intoan
lesson 2.4 Track 1.16
e 1 <.ub.;< nlx lo ,l < rnnpultr 111.1g.1Linl'.
.m. So. ho had .1 hig influtnu nn tho \/,11 1 \'orfiJ, fio.'(",lli<.(' f h,Wt' ,l \,\,lt
hivtnrv ot j,111, blu<..:; ,md pop. Em1 ... ht> 1 1arte1:l k,1rning lo drr1..l' ,1hln 1 ,,a, ,1t home .iml 1 lih lo kt.'t'p up \\ 11h
\\,1 alsn ,1 gencrou, ruan. Fnr cvarop!c. 1\h,11's going on \\ith ,\1,1< ,. Ami
eigh!l'l'll. 1 h,1d m\ lt"',f lt.><-'i<Jn 1,11h m,
l.in-r 1t1 hi-, life, 11htn ht11,,, rith, ht ..it 1111rk I l(iol.. al "<1m1. 1,i tlw 1r,1dt
1,11her. hut ht' 11,1 ll't) imp,1!i<.nt 1111h
g.11t .1 lol >I rnrnw1 10 xK,r chtldren mt'. l lt' ,111\,ll, ,hm11C'd .11 nw ,1 lwn I m,1g,11inl"> .md "-OlllC' nth('I" computN
,o tht1 could lvarn nursic , Ir ... "'' l'd m,1dt ,, mi1.1k<'. l,iJ 1 l'<<'nl to ,1 dri1ing .md lntl'rrwl m,1g,uint. bu1 ,1>.irl
like t11 im ito Lous \rmtrnng bocau-c from lh,11 1 don l ,wn<I ,1 lo1 of tinw
sth1K1I in,tl'.id. 1 ,,,1,1i't <1 umiitlent
h1 brnught h,1pp1nt"'\ ,111d plc.rsurc to dri'<N ,md l l,111 ,ti11 he.ir thc 11ord, of 11 ith m,1g,11int'\
milhon nf pcoplc. \\h,lt 111)Lild ( l1h to the in<.trutlor: 'Morl'g,1,! ,\\ore g,1,!' 1 ll' 11: l h-huh. Wh,11 do \ou 11,11< h nn TV?
.1,I.. him? \'\'di, crrn, xrh,1p, rhlv l lm1 .il,1.11 \\ ,lllll'<I mt to go 1,1<.tcr. Ll,m1ing t: 111,,tl h ,, grt,it 1lt,1I nt tth i\i0t1. 1
did \ ou rccl 11 hen vou 11<.R' e1ghl 1l'.1r, llfl)b,1bi\ W,ltlh l(KI tllll( h ll'lt\ l'l(Hl.
lo drill' 11.1<.n't l"-IK'l..i.JII\ l','"' or
old, ,md \Oll \\l'r( ,mging in thc ,tr(1..-I<. n1 I lik1. do1.. unlt'nt.1rk, .md l I mll'Ill'' 1
di11ieul1. hut I didn'1 l'njm it lt't) mulh.
,C>11 ( )rkw1, lor nxmt\?
1 11 ,1<. li, ing in ,l hig t ily ;ind thtre 1,,1 ,1
lih, Amerk,111 dr.1m,1 ,rit"- lile lh(
lot o tr.i1ik - ewr. Olll' ,.,. ,1, dri, ing 1,1"1 Snrr,mo1 .md IR. ,m<I thing, l1l..t !h,1t.
Lesson 2.3 Track 1.14 ltM). 1111.1,n 1 mu<.h Jun. 1 i.1ilt-<I nl\ lt..,t But Ido h,lH' ,qu.irt' l'\'t'" r thml...
11: Do vou l'\Pr li'-lt.'n 10 tht r,1dio, apar1
l<ph,mif \u i\lin.; tht fir,111mc, hut l 11.1<.t'<l tlw <.t'< ond
irum thl' progr.imml.., \OU m,11,,,p?
,: 1 k-lln. rmw. 1 didn'1 fN,I proud or ('\l itt'CI -1
11,1 jL11 h,1pp1 1111J fini,hcd. <: 1 lilt.'n to 1hc r,1<110 ,1 lol. J thml.. 11' ,1
,: Hi ",tqJh,1111<. 11\ \u \ling.
)ifl',ll tlll'<lium. \Vhm l'm ux,l..111g in
,. Oh. hi. H(/\1 ,m you? 1 lm1 d1d thc 2 tht' l..itt hl'll, 1 ,111\,l\, h,1w lht r,1din
i nn 'f\ il '11, ,!.OI I IC',lrnt'fl Ru,i.m ,11 <..< hnnl. TI1t'J"L' \\,t<. un. \\htn l'm in lhl' h.1th, 1 h,lll' th(
,: C lh, 1 m fint'. Thc mn'rv 1t11<. 1un flne ,1 tl',KhLr \\ho t.iught Litin. hu! lw ,ll"IJ r,1dio un ,md 1dw11 I go !o ,lc'll ,11
roo. H,1H 1ou ).\Ol ton minutes or an- 1..n('\\ Ru,i.m. ll \\,l iu11n1 IK'l,IU"e I rnght I h,11e tlw r,1di1 > 011. ,\nd i1'..
\OU hu\ I
\\,l'- tlw cml, ,iud1nt in 1h< t IJ, il \\,l" .itlu.1111 on throughou11fw nighl,
'" l'm ltrw tur 11111t. Tt>II nu- about rhc fl',111) ,1 pri1,1tt ll'Wlll. 1 h,ul Jll t'1Ll'llmt ,md \\lll'n 111,11..t up 111 tlw mornmg
p1opli. \\ hu d1rl 10,1 '-!.'(' f1r,11 (oursclx,ok. 1 (,ltl'1 rt'nll'mlx-r mu(h I h,1, flw r,1dio on. lt\ m,1inl1 t,111..
,: \i\t'll.1ht 1ir,t pcrson 11..1 ,1 guv ,11>ou1 it ... trm ... llw rront ( mtr "" r.1rh11: n1,1 \\,1110!1 HB( 1 i\C I ill' i,
l .illl'(I M,1rt1n. Hl" ,1 11>ung rhx tor rt'<l ,md i111.h H't) modC'rn. ! c.uning tlll' <.t,1t1on l !t'nd !n li,1tn to, th.11 or
ond lll'\ (,m.idi,m.
,. Oh, th.n-, ,nund, good. \\'h.1t\ lw
Ku,i.111 \\,1', <]llllt' l''"' 11,,1" urpri',1.'L R,1dio t ,molht.r HBC <.l,tlion. 1 d()n'!
l11e 1(',ll her ,1 ,1, ge MH.I ,e, th,,t lwl pt'<I li-tl'll lO ll'r\ mud1 mu,il on 1he
lih( ,1 lul. 1\l,o, l'm quilL' wxxl ,1! le,1rning r,1dio, hut l lm1 tlw r,ulio i1', grl',11.
,: \\111, l'rn not cun-, A111r,1 h1 11,1,n't l,mgu,1.:1..,. lt 1\,1, rt,111\ 1n101,1h!l' loo. 1 11: ( ,1111 ,,,l.. 1nu hrn, \OU U"1..' llw
\lr, rrn-nrllv .md lw urt,111111 1,n't IO\('(J tlw <.<.)und of the 1Hird,. J itlt m1II) lntl'rnlt!
d1,1111. H<.> 11ork<. long hour<., " lll'\ proud 11 lwn I uiufll rt,1d ,1 $lulrt ,1or. in e: l ll<.(.' tht lntl'rnet ,, gm1t dl.il. t\t
h.1rd1\!irl..ing. 1 gm..,s. l lt "'l.'<.'111 Ru,,i,111 ,1t1<l II lwn I p.l'<'<l m) t'\,m1. 11orl.. 11\ p,1r1 om) job, ,md ,1\ homt
hu1w,t ,md tidv. I u,t i1 ,1 lot. oh, iou,I} 1or tm,111.
,: l "l'I.' -.<1 ertn ... 11!,,11 d<11., lw lil..t?
\\h,11,m ln-, in1cn,1,!
Lesson 3.1 Track 1.17 \ml lht"'(' d,11, l lN' it 1or .111 01 m,
h,rnl..111.: ,llld ,l lot ni lll\ ,hupping
,: \\di, be lih.., 11,1!drn1g ,por1 on ( ,1/111m I li ltn
,md ,o 1t\ ,m indi"f)('n.,blt lool 1or
T\, hut ht' rtoc-n t pl,11 anv. h. 11h,11 t: ! ti, C.1llum Rnlwrt,on.
rm 11m1, llw lnll'rtwt, 1or liu,im"' u,l'
l'l<.c.'I I tt dtK,n l vmoko. m i,1c t he H: 1 klln ( ,1llum. lt'ltn fr,mt i, from
.1nd for Kr-1111,11 u,l'.
h,111.., ,mol,.ing. Oh, lw <ald he lil..t"' Tllt' !\,1//()/).
e: 1 li. Ho11 .irt' , oul TI1.inl,,, m 1lw 11: ()t,.,, 1in.1II\, do 1ou thinl.. thl
t ooktng, 11hc11 hc-, gol urne.
1m,1il. lnll'rl)('l 1, th,1ng111g llw ,1,11 11t U'-t'
<.: OK, ,o [Krh,1p, ht" ,1 hit tUlt'l. \\'h,,t ml'<li.1? Fm t,.implt, do ,ou thin
cfrK.., hl' look lil..1? Do(.., lw lnol,. tid, 11: l"m ln1l'. 111,uil.., for ,1.:rt'<'ing tn do lll'II 'Plf>t'r, h.i, e ,1 futurt?
,1nd \nlolrt! tht 111tt'" it'l1. ,\<. 1 mtnliont'(I in tht l: l lhrnl.. thl' JntN1wt ,1llm1, woplt to
: \\,lJ, lw'< ,1 rlo11or. ,o ht loo!.., t'm,iil. 11, rn11, ,1mpk rt,1111. lth1 .1 gI thtir tl<'I\" lrnm d1ffr.rtn1 pl,11 t-.
prn1(',1nn,1I. l ll' \\1,1r, nit l' t lottu.... P,1 qu1..,11011, .1hou1 lht nwdi,1. ,ou
,md do re"'l',mh. Fr, but ! don't lhinl,,,
Hl's gl)I ,h(H"t lmM11 h,1ir. In !,1(1, ht' t,111 ,,11 ,l" rnu1 h or ,1, littlt' ,1' 1tJ\J
lh(' lnlC"rntl 11ill dt..,trn1 11t11,p,1wr".
lool.., lih th,lt Holl11\(KJd ,K1or, you lile. In'< ,1,1,l' h,111ng ,imw!hing phi lt ,ll
l..11011, Tom ( ru1,l'. (.: inl' ).\O dhl',U!. in ,mir h.1ml, lllr r1'.1rlu1:: ,Hlrl 1w11it1::,
,. R<.'.111\? l m not ,ur<' th,11, ,l !,IO(lfi 11: ()),,. ... fir,t ql1t..,t1on: 11hi<.h i, importan!. ,nu t ,m \\ rlll 11n 11, ,. c1u
1h1ng! 1,ii. \\h,11 dn)-(IU lhi11k? \\'ould nt'll"fl,lpt:r, do 1ou fl,1d! l,111 dll 1he ui,...,11ord on ll. '-<.1, tht
\ ou lill' to lill' 11 ith him? <: 1 don'1 bu, ,1 1lt'\1,p,1p1r ('\l'I'\ d,l\ ln1crnc1 L,1n ::i\l' u ,1 101, hut I don'1
,: \lmm, ll'' 1 th111I.. ..ii. l'm h,1pp to ht't.,lll<.t' 1 don t r<,111, h,l\t' linw thinl.. it t,111 l'IL'r rtpl,lll' 11t'\\,p,1x-r,.
111 l' \\ ith ,1 quicI JX'Nll). 10 rt.\lcl ont'. 1 1 \ i I( tn 11orl,. t'\'t't"'\ H: Gre,1t! lh,1t", 11. 111.ml.., 1tr. n1u( h.
,: \\.l1.i1. likP rrn?! d,11 ,md 1t'<. ,l hit rl1!11t ull to fl'.ld a

t\LJDIO"i( Rll'T..,
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

r- \\\ pk,1-.ure. 1 m lool..mH 1m,,1rd to 1: ' 1 ... 1 ,km 1 1h1nl.. th.,r.. ,1 1.11mmun1t,lting. ThC' t<.,Jt htr t ,m go
the Jr1icll'! good idcJ. \\ t' don'1 n('(_'Cl mOf'l' mund tht e l,1,s ,md li<.ten <.Jrt1ulh to
11: \ \di, \\ l' t ,m -cod VOU ,l COfl\ \\ hen rllt'f\ iCIIS, ,.md fil h f'l't>plt ,lf(' luden!\ ,md m.1kr ht'lpful 1..nmnlt'nt,.
i1 rmch. ortL'fl rcalh l>oring. l think \\t.' t\nd 1h1..rt ,m proh.1hl m,m, n11in
e Th.ml<.. l l<lrn. Goodhw. hould do <,(,nll'th1m: .1houl lu,:h n.1<on, 1 h,1\l'n't mtntionc'fl. So \H'
ti: (_xxlll\l'. pro'ilt hu,;rn,c;<,p-., \OU km)\\ t'f. horx. th.i! , ou II ill ,1ppr1."< i,11e .md t"nj111
likP GooglC'. Som, Applt. \ou kn011 1\orl..mg 111 p,1irs Jnd m.111 group, evcn
Lesson 3.3 Track 1.18 th< hit.: hu-.ill('-,'>t.., thJI h,1\ e ,111 thP ii 111u h,1\<.n't lc;irnt'll in th1<. 11,11 bctorC'.
c\<.11ing nt'I\ idc.i .ind produc 1,.
I tdlu ,md ,,l'l<11mc tn Fonw and t.: GrcJI ide.1. So. l\{'\'l' got ,omt
f 01111rn:, tht. prt)8r.1mmt. 1h..11 hring pol1ti1.,; mu,;c_ ,md hu,inL"'!- JII 1\ith
Track 1.23
,ou the tn-chcst ncws ,mr/, ll'''"
trom .i tr1.."'h ,mIC'. 1 thml. 1ht"'l' thmg ,1rt RnlH..rt,1 111100
the ,,urlct.. oi pohtn s, bu.. tncss ,md },.'<Xxl ror lhe t.irge1 .iudttnu, hui thP 11: Oh.. !>O tht qut"-lion ,.: Do Hlll
t'llll'l1Jinmt.'fl1. In tod,1, 's prograrnme. pnr,mmw i<. .in hour long.\\ h.11 J/11 ,JI ' f>t,/ic>I I' /h(' 11('\ 1 '! 1,1 ighf , . do
,,C' m1m ll'\\ tho dqml) prime' mirn .. ter dSC" hall ,,e pul in the prop,r,munc! ,ou 11,m11n ,t,irr/
,1hout ht'f "IX>rting past .md her currcnt H: \\ h,1t JIXJut ,onwlhing II ith ,mimJI? 1: \{,,;;, Jlright. Er. 1,cll ... 11 dt1H..'mk
1,1mih hre \H' nccr lhe hoUt"il \C)(Jn),: 1,,IJ:Anim,11<.!? I IH..lie\l' mo.;I 01 tht n<.'I,., on
ilm dir('(.lor<. 10 lrt'l,1nd ,md tht.-rt\ 1: Ami. jU\I hcl\, ,lft' ,m1m,1I<. <.onnt't1t'tl T\, t'<JX'(i,111, the BBC ore,,
mu,.it trom llw ch.1rt-topp1ng band Ibo to l,mx ,md r,1rtunt t",.Jt th? ll<.'11". The\ 're big. inlcrnJti11n,1I
Houcfa.. Our hu"mt'5'- "JX'<.1,1li ..1, Ton, B: \\dl. 1 thought lh,11 xrhJl:J' 111.. tould nrg,m1.1tion ,,ncl .1 111! 01 [X.'t1p[< lru"1
Cntton , i<,1ti. thc Go1[(' oilltl"> in thc tlwm, induding nw! 1 !x.,lit,1. thl'ir
iind pe!\ th,11 h,11e unu,t1,1I t.1ltnts,
1,11('<., ,md 1, nne ,\ lilltr hring.." , ou tht. 1\dh1h,,; loo.
\OU l.fll.l\\ c.1L, thJI <..in \In.:. And
l,11t,,;1 cC'IC'l1r,1, ')<;"11). f1r<,1 or ,111, O\t'f In 11: \\'h,1! do vou thmk ,1hou1
tlw ncw .. -tudlo ror tht ht,1dlin<.'< ol tho tht'n 1,1.. <.ould h,11e ,1 <.omll'l1linn.
,mcl 1ou l.1101,, m.1l.t> thrn1 t,mmu. nC'll'fMx.r-? Do ou hc.'lil'\l' tllt'm/
\\('('" .. 1,.: Ancl 1ou mili, thmk th,111oung 1: ' 1 ckm'1 bC'lit'\t' rlt'\1p,1M.'I'< ,o
,1dul1 ... ,111<.'r ,1 h,mi 11('<'1.. ,111,ork ,1((.' mmh.1 thmk '11m1011lw111 IH11t'
Track 1.20 rntt'fl"lt'<i in lh,11! ,m\ thing ju<.! ro '-t'II. ,ou l..11011,
/tll. J..llw H1/f n: \\t-11 1 ckm't knlll\, crm, 1,ell. '-1orics ,1IM1ut tddJritit><; ...
r: Oh.1hPn, Bill, h.dil', vou'vc rcad xrh,lp!> nol l'rm. x.rh.1p., 1h.11\ not ,1 11: ,t. hut !h,1t t,m lx rntt'r("-ling
g1Mx! idl'J. \\h, don'\ 11(' ... ..onwtin,c><; 11 hC'n vnu ckm't 11,mt
tlw hril'I or the nl'\\ programme.
rl,1111 ,1.rimis 11111,.
Tn ,umm,1r'>t'. it'v ,1 m,1JLrll'-"I' ll' 1: \\mm. 1e1u'r1.. right ,Kl,1,1!/\. h i
progr,1mn1t 1, 11h ,1 ,nung ,1cluh Lesson 3.4 Track 1.22 ml<.'tim1....; intN(,1ing to ff,1d tho:-,t
,1ud1t'f1LC' ,md it'!> tor !ht.. C',uh Frid,1,
twrnng lot. The 11nrl...m.: tith- is Onc 011\w 11,1\\ \H' 111...r to 11orl.. I!> h, l...ind, o m'\'<'- '-luril,. ,\m \\,1\.
F,m"N ,md onuno.
011 's thc- time ,1sl..mg ,ou to do thing<. m p.11r\ or rn.il! ,motlwr 1hmg i ... tht 1w,1,p,11xr.
to sort out -ome dct,1il<.. ,\m ,<le-a\? gruup<.. ,orne' <.tudtnt, thrnk th1<. I" ,l .1rt ott1.n I t'fl. politi1..,1I. Jml' ,1r1
\1,1<.I<.' ot tinw. Th1.1don111,rnl to li.,1tn ir 1hl' ).lll\1'!!!1111'111, .im f t>tfll'I) ,lfl..'
h., liC'?
,md 1,111.. tu othtr "!Udlni.. tht\ 11,1111 tu ,1g.iin,1 tlw gmtrnml'lll.
1,.: \\di k'n. l lhml,, 11t ..hould melude
t ommuni< ,ll(' 11 tth tht tt,11 htr. 11: Ah<.0lut1.l1. t\nd lh<'} 1rv to mtlut1111
some pohtn-, 111 fbc prcr,1mnl(,
1nu.
1: Puliti< <.? Rc.1111' H<,1,e1cr. htn,1t llworl,, l,1ngu.1gt
thml.. T\ nl'I\ ., 1,1irl'r. lt\ mor<.'
1,.: k.1h l l...1101, 1x1lifo, 1'- u<.uJlh ,1 ( l.'lllfl'. \\P O('lit.'11.' thtrt .lrl' !11.1111 h.1l,u1t ,'tl. Am 11,11, "h.it d, J ou
turn-011 ror thi .. Jud1l.'OLL', hui l lhinl... ,1ch,ml,1g1..,,; to 11orkm..: 111 p.1rr.. or ,111.111 thinl..! Du 1uu IM.lil.'H' th1. 11t11,/

11<.' <.,111 do u m ,l rll'\I 1\J\. group. 11r,t, it 1nlft',l'-t" tht ,1rnount 11: \Vt!I, ( think l ,lWt't' 11ith \OU.
J: Oh H."'. ,mrl hm, do 11t._ do th.u! or l1n1t 1.,1<.h <.\ud1..n1 t,ln 1.111..: ,ou h..1ic.ilh. l tru,1T\ n1....,, nmn. Hut
1,.: \ \di, 1,h\ clon't 11 I' gf't sorne
t,l!l t JII h,11 t' long< on,er...111nn, 1\ ith thtrt\ ,1 '[H..'< 1,11 prohltm lwrt' 111
tht tt,ithtr, hui 1t i 1x,..,ibll' to h,iw
Jkllili<.i,lrl'- on the pnigr,1mme? Bnt,1in, t'lt'n on rtwT\' 11111, ... 0.1
quill' l,m.: t nm tr..,111011,; 1111h ,uur l..111)11 if', t/w 11,11 lhl'\ t,111,. ,1!)11Ut
I hMl'H'r ll'I\ no1 mtff11l'\1 thcm
p,trt1wr ,md 1h,1t "fX.,11..m.: pr,1dill
.1IM1Ul JMlliti( . h1,t1,ul ILr, J,I,, Lurux: tht1 '>t'l'tn lo tl'!l Briti,h
,. 1mprn1.1nl. ,umlxr 1110: il htlp x:opll' 11h,1l th11 11,ml to lw,1r ...
them .1lx1u11ht1r hH"' - ,nu l.nm1,
,1url1111, 1.x.'t.omt mort <.on1i1ltnt. Som, r don'! rl',1lh und<r..t,md. \\ h,11
""f'll.'tt,1lh il lh<.1 'rt .1 litllt h't- ,1htmt
inl1r1..,,;I<., 1.11111h, p1..rh,11><- therr luc 1:
bctorc k1lilil e, do \ot1 ffK',m t,.1t!l1?
"flt',1l.in.: in front o 1he 11 hol1.. t l,1<.,, 11: \\'lll ... 1\hl'n 1h1..\ 1.111... ,1hou1 turo1w
1: C)h. co l'. pol1111..i,m 11 ithout polluc " Rt,1,tm numlx'r thrt't.' 11 tnuiur,1..:t"-
t.: [\,ltll,. in 1h1 nwdi,1 ... 11'<. ... 111..t 11', .1 b,1rl
"tucltnt\ 10 lx't onw mor(' 111clt1xmk-nt 1l1i11g, 1ou kml\'<, 111..1 1t', u,;,1nd thl'm
B: 1 Id,<. JI.
J: \ocli,I.Amth1n.:dw?Hill?
lt,,rntr-. - thl'1 n not ,11\1,1\, 11,1iting . .. Brit,1in, gM1d ,md urt>rx\ l1.1d.
111, th1.. tt,1dll'r to ltII thl'm II h.11 10 I rn 11,ili,m ,o 1h,11 m,11..,... nw .mgr,.
u: \ \ lwl ,ilx,ut mu- ? \ \ I' d10uld h,ll'l' J
clo. ",,umlxr lour: i1 pm'v1dt... \..llt'I 1: ). ,lft' \OU ,.11ing th,1l lh<. ltri1i,h l('tI
livc h,md on lhP pm1..:r,1mrn1.'. in lht.' l<."':.on - "-11mtt1m1..; tht ttathtr th.11 thl.'1 ,mn't m1ll1 p.1rt ot h1rop1.?
J: J .i.:rt't\ hui. thcn ,1g,11n. <,() n1.1m i, 1,111..mg <.onw11m,,.. 1ou 1\orl... in 11: ,1....., l'\,11 th.
progr,1mmt..-. do lh,11. p,m, or 111 ..:roup, Jnd ,om1.timt" 1: \\mm th.11\ ,m intt'rt,tm point. l'm
H: lh.1t\ lmr hut 11/i\ don't 11t' gt>t thl ,ou h,111.. ,1 b1g ti,,,, di"<u"ion thi not ,urc l .1n.'t' 11ith \OU, 1hough.
b.md 10 portorm three o, lour <,(,ng-. m.11..c,,; tht 1 l.1 mor1. inttrt..,1in.: t\n11J1 .11 lc.1,t tlw Bnti,h ml'fli,1 ,,1
r.uhor than ju<.t orw? Tht llllh rt',Nlll r<. 1h,11 \Oll l,Hl lt',lfll 'll/1J!'Fhin ,llX:IUI hirnpl'. rll'\t'f '>t'('
J: ,1tl' 1ck,.1. th,1t 11,11 cgct .1 mu1..h inttr('>.1111!,! rhing rrum nllwr ruckn!,, ,111\ nt\\' ,1houl outli h.orc,1 .it ,111.
IM.11lr 1ch1 ,1lx1ut lhl' h,md. not onh lrnm lhl' t<.Jdwr! l ,1,t l1u1 nol ,\\1 lountf\ dn1..,n'1 rl',1111 !'\l,I fnr
t.: 1111('. hut 1d1,11 ,1lx1ul ll1t 1ortunt> ll',11 11 giH"' tht lt,1<hcr thC' 1.h,mH' 1h1m.
p,1rt ot th<. pmgr.1rnml'? \ \ h.11 ,1hout to <.1't' ho11 t'\t'\lkxh ,, 11nrl...1ng ,1nd
1111('1'11<.'11 mg m h IX't)fllt?

.\l 1)1()',( \.!11'1 ....

152
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

Review Units 1-3 Track 1.24 only hope lht'\ h,1v<.. J uua!lv do Jbout 1, Or<,C' .1l work here. Do you uiil'r
two opc>r,1tions ,1 d,l\ ,1nd, so ,ir, in m, from neck p,1in?
5,1/11. G'of llme lwre, J'vc> proh,1blv s.wcd .1bout il L: No. r don't. The pruh!cm i<; jut with
: Hi. Gl'off. C.m t talk to vou or ,1 hundrerl livC"<. \ Vhen your ,,ork is vel) m, lower hack.
minute! imX>rt.1nt. \'OU .. ,1: R1gh1. Do you h.ivl' good ("'<.'Sight?
L: Surc. wha1 is it? L: No. 1 don'1 ac1u,lll}, but I wear
: Wcll, 1es1crd,1y I mcl that gu) Stcvc Edrad 3
con1act ll'nscs so LherP aren'! .iny
Giles you know. the onc 1 though1 Thc l,1ck oi food and fXlOr dil'I in
problcms.
.1s a possiblc prcsonter for our new
11
this region cau manv of lhe heahh M: Fine. \\lhc>n did \'OU l,1st go to the
problcms for th<' loc,11 pt'(>ple. Wc
reali1) TV show. w;mted to reduce thcir nccd for doctor optician's?
e: Oh. ves. \Vhal's he likc? likc u so. on 1 si J.mual'\ 2004. 11'l' L: Oh. six monlhs ,1go. more or lcss.
s: rccc. Hl''s ''C'I)' pohtc. ,1mi chceriul .. deoded to cduc,1te th< loc,11 pcop!c ,\t: OK, the l.1l cw qul'tiu11 nuw. Du
e: l told on, 5.111)', can be present .t ,1bout thC' C'iC'CIS of malnutrition. Finally, you oftcn g<'l hc,1dachc<;/
rcalilv TV show? 1 don'I think wc L: No, 1 don'!.
,1tcr manv vC'ars of planning and rais1ng
11,mt .1 nicc.pohn- pcrson for that! mont'\'. in lanual'\ o th1s ye.ir. Wl' slarlcd .,1: Do you of1en gel cokl" or 'tlu?
: Don't vou? Wdl, l'm nol surc. 1 thmk ,1 tra101ng progr,1mrm. o far. 11c\'C
L: No. not very of!en. Perh,1ps ,1 couple
the prescotc- has to IX' fricndlv so tr,1inc,:I j()O fX.'OplC'. 13, the end o thc of times ,1 'C.ir.
that pcopto want to watch him. 1 lo's vear. th,1t number ,1 di !w 1,000. \ler.i is M: Bul th,11 means \uu <;Qmclimcs 1.ike
rc.1lh comiden! 100. domg th< coursc a1 lhl' mom<'nt. 'Thls time ott work, do<.'Sn't 1t?
e: OK. \\lh,11 dO<'S he fnok likc? L: Erm, ye-., lm1 nol l'CI)' ollcn.
cuursc has givcn me m,my ncw skills.
s: He's good-looking. l tc's gol shorl M: 1 know, but 1w < ,in lill improve
Heorc, 1 didn't know how to hdp peoplc>
d,irl.. h.ur, lmeh cvcs. Hes not VN)' things, <.an't we? 1 c.m givt> you '>(JlllC
in my v1Uagc. Now. l'm surc> 1 can m.ike
sm.nt. though. his rtorhos. 1 moan. ,,clviu! about preventing lhesc minor
.1 difforencc.' V<'f,l finishcs lhC' coursc
e;: is lu- scruff,
\ vb.u.
next week and 1hcn shc'II rC'tum 10 her
dln<.'SSI-S.
s: No. no. not scruti1, casual. You L: OK, well, anv more qucsl1ons?
vill,1gc ...
koov. he 11.1s wc,iring jcans .md .1 M: Yes, thc J,1st one. Do ,ou somctmws
"l-shrrt. But wc dcn't ncod ,l re.1lly Extract .J g<! S1rCSR'Cf br IH)rk?
I oten work or [MA ,md l've worked in 1: Yes, 1 do! 1 w.is slrCS!>('Cl ,111 the linw i11
snurt pcrscn IOr this show. 1 think
\\C nccd somconc voung and Kcnv,1, Nepal and Pcru. J towcver. m)' my l.ist job. th,1t's why l'VP Lhanged
rclaxcd. currcnt posilion. hcrc in Sri 1 ,mk,1, is jobs. in ordcr 1n rt.'<lucc m}' '>lrcss. 1
c..: Y('!,. <:0 do l. A lot o young peoplc pcrh.1p" the most diflicull job l'vc> ha<I hope things ,uc bcttcr here.
\\]I watch 11. !>O far. Lasl }'C,lr, ,m carthquakc hit 1hi

,: Exartlv. \\'h\ don'r\H' im iw him .ire.i ,md lhis C,lU!'<.-d a m,1ssive amount
of d.1m.tgl'. l\c> ncver '-l-'t:'11 ,.., mu< h
Track 1.29
10 ml't>I the <.dd>rili<.-s in thc show?
You know. SCC' ho,, thev all ge! on. 1 destruction l>Cforc>. 1 hdp 1hc doctors m .1 M,1ry, D.ivid
thlnk \\C should .ur,1nge J meeting. coup!c ot dinics - onc hcre and .mol her r.,: So then, Davitl. wh,1\'s the maucr!
e;: 1 don't agrcc. S.111}, ll's too soon. Wc in ,l m.1llcr vill,1ge about len kilomctres n: \Vell. er. the thmg is th,11. a11he end
don't know cnough aboot Stcve yct. ,1wav. J SC'C' x,oplc ,,i1h rlisc,1ses and of ,l d,ll' .11 work, my n<.'l.k rc,,lly
\\'h.it about gculng him 10 thc studio scriou5 injurit..-'S. Today l'vC' S<.'l'll ony huns.
ter a camcr,1 test S<.'C how he looks p.:i.tients, ,md I don't inish work for M: 1 SL'C. Do you do a lot o computer
on scrccnt anoth<'f our hours. Thcsc ,1rc busr d,1ys work?
s: Oh, good idea. 1 ct's do that. /'11 ... indccd. 1 sr.1ned work ,11 scvcn o: \Vc/1, 'l.."i, 1 do. 1 spl:nd ,111 cla .11 th<.
compuler, hut I t.ike regular bre,1ks.
M: OK. th.it's good, bu1 do you strl'tch
Lesson 4.1 Track 1.25 Lesson 4.3 Track 1.26 vour arm?
.\/,JI}, Luq
u: Sorry!
Extrae! 1 M: Right, 110\1 lucv, 1 OC't'..'d to ask ,uu
,1: \Vell, e\'el)' h,1l hour, vm1 should
S.1d ncw'< imm hcad officc cooccmlug a C'\\ qut'Shons. t l,wc vou seen ,l
'>lretch your ,1rms to reduce 1hc
our worl m Aric,l. Umortun.:itelv, wc've doL-tor rccc>ntl\? tens1on in }>Ur ned.:.
doscd our mohilc clinlce in [thiopi,1 L: No, 1 h,nc>n'I. u: 1 S<.'C'. \Vcll. 1 can do thal, l gut.'S'-.
bccausc oi severe firuncial pr<)lems. ,1: OK. llave ,ou h.id ,m\ <l,1ys off sick [\'l'rV JO m1nutt-s?
l ,1s1 }'ear. \\C ran ll'fl hcalth centros in in the l.1st two \ e.ir,;? .,1: Y<."i, ,md m.11,.e sure 1ou do th.11 No,,.
Afrk,1 IJU\, this vear, we'w rocovcd t: Erm. \'t-S, 1 h,1w ... about i\C, l thmk. I s<.-c from vour rccords that ymi're
\'Cf\ Hutc mon<."\ ,md \\C cen't conttnuc M: Right. could \'OU 1dl ITTC' whv? oi1en off sick.
to ottcr rucdrcal 5CJ\ ice_><; ac ross the l: Oh, ust ror minor thing - colds and o: \Vell, not ver1 olen, bt1l. }C"'i, 1 <;('(m
conuocu. \ ve'vc dccided to close thc 'lu. vou knm, 1hc> kmd ot thmg. 10 g-t ,1 101 oi colds and 1hi11gs.
two Fthiopi,m centros and \\'C hope to r.,: Surc, that's fine ior now. but 1 ,,,1n1 lo ,1: 1 Sl.'C'. C,m ! .ik aboul }OUr gencr,1)
raise more monev ... gt,,e ,uu sonw .id-.ice l,1\C'. OK' Do liies1yle? Do ,ou P,lt wcl!? Do yuu
btract 2 )'OU h.J\C ,1 h,1ck problcm? smokl'?
\ Vorling hore is Ihc IM;;><;I thing rvc cvcr l: tr. , es, 1 do . .1ctuaUy. lt's nol wry o: \Vdl, ('f, 1 don't <:mokc ,tnd l e,1t qullt'
scriou<; though. well.
done. whcn 1 worked in thc UK I got
M: OK. ,,ell. that's vour opinion. How That's gcKXI 1hat \OU don't srnoke. Do
borcd with Ihe <i.lil, routinc. hut out M:
long h,l\'C' vou h.:i.d this probl(m? vou e.ita 101 of ru1t ,md vegctablcs!
twn 1 ind even cli, tnt1!resling and 1: \<\'ell, or .iboul !hrl'e years I had a
rk'fll.:l.nding. l'm ,,orking in a small dinic u: Not rcallv, (_'<p._>ei,illy nol fnul.
mtnor e.u ,icdck.'flt ,md sincc 1hcn. M: Right. well, bec.,use you don'r e.i! a
in !he middlc> o the jungl<' ,md l\'C wdl. l'vc h.id this problem with my
nC\cr don<' soch mport.m1 work bcforc. Jot of fruir. l thmk you should t,1ke
lower back. Ollll' vil,tn1m. You knnw vi1,m1in
Thc \ ill,1gcr,; in this rcgioo c,1n't get to .: 1 'C. \Vdl, lct me 1-nU\, ii it ge1s
govcrnmcnt hospit,1k <,0 lhis clmiL is thc help igh! colrls. clon't yuu?

AUDIOSCRIPTS 153
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1>: 'IUrL', Ok. li1...., in 1h< lnd1,m (Kt,m, oft thc ui.1,1 ,,,: Th,1!\ Oto.. \(',1h, h.i\i(,1)h, 1 nt'l.'<I
,1: \\l'II, i1 vnu knnw, \\h\ doo't vou ni i\trit,1. lt plit ,.1,,,1, fr"m tlw r<.\t oi In thoost. tht pi< lurt 11111, ,m<l I
1.11..(., thcm ,1lnwl} r Atri<..,1 ,1houi 100 mdlion ,e,m ,1go. 1,,1ntL"<l 10 di'-l u,, m, idt\1, 11ith \nu
D: \ \ tII, , ou lnow, l'm H.'I'\ buw ,iml ... ll\ ,l l,md 01 umtr,11 ,111d urpri,t-
.1,1: i\.o l'\( Ul", plt',l'-l', 0,1\ id. t\.m,, \!JU llwre\ r.11111ort"'I cm thP l',1q co,1q 01 : 1111..'. ftrt ,11\,J\, \\'hkh '-l.'( 11011 Ml'
-hould ,11',(J l',l! g.rrln IX't,llN' u helpv M,1d.t.\,1c.1r. m,1h i['" hol ,md \ou t.-ilJ..111g,1bou1?
1igh1 <..ufct, loo. And 11 .. hould be r.1,, di).. hui tht e lim.Jlc 1, woll'r m tlw .,. \\PII, ir, the homC' Mgt' linJ..10 lfw
whcn vou h,1\t' 11. don't wol 1t. mrnmtJm tb,11 ru11 dm\-11 lh<. m1d.dl.c J111mal rt"'tllt' p,1gP. l.1,ic.-ill1, l\(' go1
1>: RL,111,? l-nu, l don't rt,,lh likc g,,rlit
cf tht'J&ii.n.d, .)o umc p,1rb ,l<C' k<i !1\11 phoh, ol 1,h.111 fl'.,tUl.., .md 11,0
but ,, l'II, cr, pcrh,ip\ ... !ropit,1l 1h,1n o1htr. f..\0,1 of th<. fX'<>pil ot h1rd rt'<.(U('<..
": lhert', no rwh,1p ,ihoul it. lhc .ir(' 1,unwr,, ,lnd ritt" t!w m,1in too<I. : Oto..
L omp,,n, doc...;n't \H!n1nit d,I\ on Tht popul,11ion ,, ,1hout 1 tl milhon. llul ,: l. fir,t of ,1ll thl' \\h.ilt r<"tlll'
tor ulkk Nm,. in,,11\, in order 10 wh,11 m,,J..t\ M,1d,1:.1l ,,r \X'{ 1,11 i, th,11 phn1o<.. In tlll' t1r,,1 nnc. lhtn .1r1 lour
impro\l' vour iwnl'r,11 ht,1l1h. vou thtrt ,lrt' unuu.11 hfW' ul ,mnn,1!, ,md 1, h,ilt,;; 1h,1t .1re t hN' to thc, b1,ll h.
hou!d cln ',omc l'\trti'>t.'. pl.1111, th,Jt 111u 1.,1n1 11nd .m 11 hert' cle T1\-o nwn ,m pullin.: cm1 ot !he
n: Oh, 1 do ,1lm1<h. 1 r, 1 H ,, nnmlng 111 1lw 1,orld. ThP il,rnc!J. mot !Jmou& 1,h,tk"' 0111ht hc,1th. ,mrl thcre ,1rt'
011(.(.' ,l \\('(_k. illllili,1! JCL' tlU: it'IDUt$ the\ looJ.. ,1 lo,1d oi IX'<iplt in thC" h,1tJ...:round
.1.1: \'\tII, th.n'c good, hut }OU <hould go li111e liJ..L' nmnk<.-" ,md the1 \.e 1-101 Ion.\ \\ho ,l<' 1,,111..hmg tlw rt>'-(Ut'.
swimmlng lhn.'<.' nme, ,1 \H't.'l Ql th.n t,1il. Bul thl rt 111 d,mg1..r nrn, ht< ,luc : f"inc.md lhl' ('(.nnd onC'?
it mlll\ h('/p \OUf lw.ilth. fll"Opk h,1\t' clttr(l\ cd lht torc,t:. \\ hcrt ,: \\di, i111h.1t om on tlw IC'lt or tlw
r 1 knrM hui, \H'II I don , n,,1\1) hilH' lht'\ liH'. In ,111, ;,lxlll1 'iO J..ind n1 pitturC', 1,t' t,ln scc lht l;,rAe hr,,d
,1 lot or rrcc timt, \c.>U J..nrM, Wl' 11orJ.. 1\-ilrfli11.. ,lrt ,1t ri,I.. cm f..\,1d.ig,1,1.,1r. of ,1 \\h,11t. On !he nght. tlwre .ir1
long hourv hen-. \(,_,. i1 proh,1bl1 lnok\ 1Jmi!i,H .. .ind of t,,o 1)(,1pll' 1,hn ,1r1 thr1111 ing 11,lttt
11: r J..nn11, bu1 the hcalrhicr \Ull arr-, rhc 1..ouN it i,. l'm in Tr,l!,1lg,1r Squ,m, in on the \\ h,1k. 1 AUL'" lht 'rt tr-, i111,1
mnn- time }Oll 1\11/ havc. 1lw hl'MI nf l oncl,m. <;omclm1(\ i1 C,lS) lo J..t><.p it .ili1t, U'<. ,1 \t'!") tmu,u.11
o: 1 r, 1 guv,, '- r, ,H1)11,11, tinw lo to forget thJ1 Gr(',ll Bri1,1in 1s ,m ,l.rnd. r1cturl' thf'11h.1l1, h1-.1d i, m,,"ill.
.\t'! ha(J.. to thc compult'f' cr, don'1 loo. 111 t,1tt, Gre,1t Brit,1111 i tht tighlh Hut, \\CII, l 1hink th<' fiN pi<turt i,
11om, 1'11 ... 1'11 do sorne <.trl'lth(')! l,lrJ,l<'t il,md 111 lht \\orlrl, ,md tlw 1lw llC"'-t one tor thl' 1Hb1tl' lx't,lll,P
M: Anrl e.u <.ornt Innt. and don't torgl't l,1rg1"'t m Eun.irx. U\ intt'f(",ling. ton, it \ho,1) J !t.1111 oi 1x1pl(' th,11 .irt
thc gadu ... ht't.JUSl' it' ,1t1u,1lh !hrt'I.' countrit'S: \\orJ..ing 10.:tlhcr. Tht'} looJ.. \(r.
Fn.\1,md, .)lotl.111<1 and \'\ ,111. lt\ rith mHL'!!-)Oll,11,md it') .:ilso lllUl'
in lmtor-,, ,md wnp!e c.unw from dr.1m,1t1l.
Lesson 5.1 Track 1.31 ,111 01Pr 1h1 11orl,J 10 1 ,it 1.1mou\ : U u>r1.1inl .:.c:1un1I, J.\OOrl. \\'h,11 ,1houl
!l.md h,l\l' tht,ir m, n J..intl nf m,1g1t, thurtht,, mu<,t'Um\ ,mrl L,1!11.,;;. ti!(' bird r<.><it llC' pil turt"?
,1nd (;r1'f.11IJnd i Olll' of rhe rnot BciJJin i m11rt tro\\dt'CI th,10 OJJrl\
m,1gi1,1I ot them ,111. Durin.: thc <ummcr ci( ib ump1.'lm 1wibl.>ours. ;,i,rl h.1 ,,
popula11on of ,O million. lul in p,1rt
Track 1.33
rm1111h,. 11 d,1\ li.\hl;, lo! of tbo tinw
- ,md n', h,1rd to ,lt'<'r! Hu! 1h,11 J;1i1e, i1\ ,11,o ll'I') lw.1ulitul. Mount,1irb to1er : \\.h.it ,1bout 11w b1rd r<"'t u(' pitture><?
I nu mnrl' tmw to <.('<' 1}1 lr;,ngc. 11 .ld ,1101 o1 totl,rnd, 1,htrt tlwr<. .irt m,1111 : Surt'. Toe 1ir..l om \, cm lht h1.,11. h.
,inri cnormou-, pl,1t t. Gnrnl,1nd is long. clC'C'p lal..l <.,llll'd lnc.h,. \V .ind thcrt\ ,1 m,m m tht lhll('r. l lt,
;rnd 1b1 north o I m1IJr1d Jre h1fl), 11! p,1i11g ,l bird lo '-l)lllC'imc 1\h11\
ili.cilJAA!.:::.l.h1rncJ i.a...llli:..i1Pckf. 11 lit,
lW!..,outh Jod l'J'I ot to,1IJnd Jrt' t!Jttcr. !>t,md1ng cm tht h1,1t h. lht 1c nnd
htl\1 C'C'n thc- /'.nrth i\11,Ulllt ,1nd Art lit
11w .irt,1 .irrnmd Lnndon 1\ proh,1bh lhe <uw hclll, omt' x-.:,plt 1\ ho ,1rc
e k t,m, u tho t c1.1,t ot /'.mth Anwric ,1. lc,i..1 imprl'si,t par1 01 Grt,11 Bri!,1in. ln C"ll',minf,\ ,1 !md. On the ri.\ht, thcn,
n-, Jlmo,t l\11Hh1r(b lht i/l' of 19Cl-l, tlw ChJnntI TunnC'l oxmecl. Thi ,l 1,0111,111 111 ,1 hlul' ,l11rt 11ho\
Au,1r,1li,1; .!,h'i'i J..dormtrt from nurth
r,,il tunnl'I i ,11mo1 'iO kilometrt"' long. holrling tht lmd. ' tlw bir1I, In tlw
lo south, ,md 1.1'!0 J..ilonwlrc, from
,md linl... ! ngl,1ntl \\1th ! r,mc<., lt\ thc mid1lil' 01 thc p1c.tur1. lh<1,, thN<'"
P,11 to 11t<.t. So thcre'c ,l lot ot l,md, hu1
it 1101 Hr1 grt'f.n. In t.1c I, Cr1..'Cnl.m<l (umd longtI runn1I in tht 11orlrl. ,1rtcr ,111othl'r 1,0111.111 on lllC' 1(,111,hci",
lhe Sdk,m tunnl'l m J,1p,1n. BP<.,1u,e of < lc,minf,\ tht' hird. hl'\ \HJrm),\ ,1
i, thc 11,1,1 grcon ot all thc 11.md, in tht' ( h,1nncl Tunn<I, onlC' peoplt thinl... wllo11 < 0,11.
lod.11 \ progr.unmc. i\nd th,ll' bcc.iuw lh,11 GrC',11 Brit,1111 i no longer ,ln islJnd! : Oto., ,o m the fir,t llrll'. ,1rt thc rlll'n
.tn itN.,IJl a 1hitJ.. lavcr or tcc covcrc
rt'Sl.uinf,\ the hirc! 1rom oih \\,1\cr?
!\'; pt'T cent 01 Oreeniand. Sno11 fa\l on
lesson 5.3 Track 1.32 .,.: Lhliuh. And I liJ..0 1h.1t pir turi> 1
Grt'tnl,md in t'lt'I\ month of th<. ,e,1r.
11w 11m, )it>t<. <l('{1>Cr Jlld d1't'fWf ,md 1hmk il\ morl' po11<nul 1h.111 tht ont
1\,111(' \trl ,1hout the tk.mmg. [ 1hinl... il re,1lh
lurn to i< P. 1\, ,1 rt,ull, Grt'l.nl,llld h.1 : H1 /'.pif. l1,u1J..) tort,1ll111R, Cm \OU m,11.. you lt't'I tht' !tmhlt !>1tu,11ion.
t)w ('<. nnd l,,r.\l't kl'< .1) m thl' 111 irlrl. ht,1r mt( : \e. l .:rnw;;, (.(1, ..ihhnu.:h i1' h,1rd lm
,lll'f Ant.irl tk,1. On ,l\l'r,l{', 1h( itt 1, ,,: Yt"', 1 t,m. 1 oud .md lil',lr. t-tmv il mt to.._,, wilhout t'l'in.: it. \\'h,11\
one ,ind .1 h,111 J..ilnmttn thitk, hu1 m going nwr thcrc? H,11 mg 1un ,11 the
(.{)lllt' pl.1tt"> it\ 1h1\ l..lr th,111 lh,11 - mon good .ihout the <.C(Ond onl'?
,mim,1l ,,1ncw.1r.? ,,: \\elL i1 hm1 thc 11orJ.. th.11 our
th,111 1hn'<' J..ilomttn.., 1hitl,, 111 t.1c t. And : urc ,1m, but 1t\ h,1rd 1, orl,,. IJut c,pcrt, do. hul 1t\ nol .i , tr.
1\ ,lh\,1} nlCJing. In l.1rg(' r,1rl$ nf 1hl' (.'\C\'Ollt'' looJ..mg J1tcr me, ,md interlin.\ p1< turt. Chcr.ill, 1
i,l.1111!. 1ht'f'e .uc nn 1>topll .11 al!. Ahou! ir, ),lrtar to',(.'<.' th1 \\ork in ,1ttion.
'i i,000 wopl1 lill' ,1ro1md the l o,1q,
rt'C.Ollll1Wt1d th,11 llt' ll(.( thl' 1,h.1le
1\1111,.,,, 1ou 1,,mt to 1.1IJ.. .1llout thc r('<.c.Ut' p1c.1urc
\\htn 1fw <.111n,11t i<. !t,, to!d lh,111 in photo? l'm ,orr. lhtrc no lnttrnct
tlw H'lll<(' J!wir m.im ,,orl.. , iihing. : ll,c 1,nc or iht' tc.,11111,c,rJ..1n.\ h!j.;l'tlw<t
tnnnt'l.lion hl'rl'.
i,,: Llh-huh.
r\\.1d,1.\,lt.ir 1, .1 \\mld ,1p.1rt. llilfil'
tmir<.'1 il.1nd 111 lht \\ orld. ,md

AUDIOSCRIPTS

154
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

": \'\dl th.n coundc OK. Go .1hc.1d ,md ,llll'f lht brt,11... Ami .mother ; \\'l'll, l th111l the 1\10 mnt 1mpor1,mt
with tb.it or thc momenl. \\L' u,uld 1hi11g it', import.in11h,it \OU e.in 1rtn<I<. lnr \OU ,lrt' ,1houl tl'lhnol(lgl
( hangc it qutrc ('.1\I} in thc JUILUl.'. trnKentr,ll(' on 1our tud1l"'. \hu L,m't .1nd ..114t.
couldn't we? worl.. w1II 11hen the phnnC''' ringing P: t\)!('
,: \\cll. WC' could, but l ll('t'(f to gt e\t..'!) fi\e minutt'" Don'1 forgtt too, , Yt"', h,1,il.111\ HntJin i gel1ing older.
.;orne1hing up on thc <ttc tod,l\. it\ import,ml lo l..nm1 \1hl'n )OU H} 1(1.''i rnnre th.in ., 1h1rd of tht
t.: Sure. l urdcraand. use tho \\hale SIU(I\ IX",t. Do \OLI ,1udy 111..l in thl' UK' p<ipul,1tinn will bt' 01cr i'i H'.m
one ,md when I gct b,1tk to thc ofticc. morning, in the .il1<rnoon, in tht old. 1\ml 1ht'!,l' older pl't)ple 1\ ill livc
1'11 lct \OU kno,, i th(rl'\ ,l problcm. t1ening or l,1te ,11 mght F\tJ) boc for much lnngc-r - l\l' knn11 1h,1t trom
,: OK. \()u'rc tbe boss. l lhink }nu'll likC' rlifitrtn1. \\.t' n{'("'(l 1o que at ,, timt' thl' 1,11i,tic. lht') mighl liH until
1hi, une ,mv,,,1y. th.11 ,uit u,. thcy'rc 'l'i. or c.v('11 1 DO.
"; l'm cure I will. Your dmict'" are '>J. Oh, th,11\ inll'Jl">ling. l\t' lll'\t' 1: Bul th,11 de111111tI\ 11on't lx. good
uvuallv \f)01 on. t\ny\\.1\, gott,l go 1hought (ll that. for btlSlrl<"' TI1c\ \1011'1 h,11t' jol.
no,,, 1lwrc', ,1 rnunkc} that's ,,aitng ,;: )e.ih, m,1,hc c;omt' peoplt ,tU(I) ,1t J 1'111 i.urc tht1 \\On't h,wc mue h
to rncct me. tht 11 rong timt' ol d;iv for thc1r ho<ly mrnl(")'.
,: t utky monkey. S.i\ hcllo from nw! clo1. k. ,: Oh. 11'11 cldinitl'h lx. good fm
8H or nm,. 1: OK, ltt', l,11..c. ,mnther cmt' ... 'l t,m"t hu,int"" Fir,;t e( .111, 1hC'\ 11 r('tirc. .i
": ll\'<'. inih ,11/ thC' lhing, 1 nt'l'<I to do in lhc bit l,1tcr 1h,1n nm1, hui 1fw m,1in point
d,11.' i that tht rxoplc. \\ill d<'tinitel1
'-11'4: l'rioriti!,(! nC'ed things to do II ith thi <.'Xtr,1 tina.-.
Lesson 5.4 Track 1.37 lur ,un-. ,tnd lht'-' '\\ lll't'Cl 1hing lh,11
54: Yt'!>, dt>cidt \\h,11 \tlll rll'l>il In dn
TtllUI 'itod('n/, nnw. or l,1ttr h)(l,w. ,md 11h,11 }OU t,1n impn)Vl' !he qu.1lil\ (I lht'ir liw'>.
1: \."-. 1h.11',. ,1 H'I) goocl polnt. Nic.nil. 11,tvL' until 1umorrrn1, ur ('1('11 11l'"'1 P: Oh.. t\Jl) c..lrl1J)k'S(
OK. now, 111\ h,1\l' ,, look ;it the nt,l llt'CI... ,: \VtII. wc prL'Cliu th,11 olcb X't1plc,
prcblcm. OK, i1 \,l\ herc: 'l'm oen 1: Yt'S, go11<L Rl'mem!xr too: 111.11111.. 1, ill lr,wd mort', ,o !ht'r<''!I ht mor1
l,lll' or appointmentc, or someumo, tlwrt' ,Hl' <.t.mll' lhinp., that Ml'n"\ t omp,mit"' lh,ll 'fk.'<. i,11i<;(' in hohd,1\
I mi,, ,1ppoin1nll'f1h c omph-tclv' or 1htm. ,\t the mornl'nt, holid,1)
import,mt ,11 .111. 11\ ,1 h,ul irk,1
\\ould ,111vonL lile 10 ,,,y sorncthng t nmp,mit'!o ftx.u, on r.1mlli0S or
to \1,1,tt 1irn<' on lhern. And it'"
,1hout thi,? }otmg .1dt1h5. But, in 10.!'i, tllt'w'II
import,mt to .1l1m1 time for thing, ,ou
q: \'l..,, kecp ,1 <li,1f\ \\hiLh < l('Jrl} sho\\<, lx. mort l'idcrf) fX'tlpll', tlw ovtr-6'i\,
don'\ L'\[X'll. ,m<I tcir t'fllcrgent it><,. th;in und,r l'i. !)11, t!w p,1rt1 .md
<111 vour .1ppoinlnwn1, ... ;md t l,1,,L..,.
Pc>rhap thb i, the momnt to,.,,,
,!: T\1,11\ right, but it\ not enough just to "ml'lhi11g ;ihout m,1k111g liK You .id1cn!urt holid,11 marl..d fll,I} !4C'I
h,1\l" ,1 di,11-.,. \Vt llL't'tl to m,11..e -ure proh,1hl} m,11..(' hnpping li,t, 01 m,lllt'r hut, tnr c,,lmplt', holid.11<; nn
l\t' look ,1! lt. Cht'< l.. vour d1,11'\ last LfUI'-(' hip, \\ ill mtrt',1('. Th('I m,l}
thmg, ,uu m.'t'<l lo hui. M,1\..f' ,1 lbt of
1hing .u night .md fir<;1 lhing in the ,ll"ll 1\,lnl ,lltivity holid,1). hut th,11'11
things yc,u Jll't'CI te, do ,h 1\l'il. \\.hm
morning. dc1x:11d on tlwir lw.ilth ,ind on htll\
vou rt.'<lutc ,1fl tht thing to Ollt' pw11
r: 1\h,olutl'ly. Yn11 should .1150 11 me ,111 <km,mding lhc ,1( 1i1 iti("' ,1r1 tlwv
of p,11xr, i! d1M."t1'1 ,t'<'Jl1 ,o ditt11 uh. proh,1hly won'1 go llltnl4l't'ju1npin
tlw homcwork \OU h,l\'l' to du in rhe \ \11(.'11 ,uu\p dorw lh(' lhing 011 ,our
<li,1ry nnt 011 pil't es ot papor thn hut th('y m1ght gn h1\..mg and ,.11l111g.
lit. nos" !hem lllf. 1r, .1 ni, l' t'<-ling! 1: OK. Fr, 1\-h,11 ,1boul d,1il\ lite/
\OU c.m 11.N' l',1,111. Lood. No\1, Ho\\t'Vl'r, 111. rc'.1li,tit! Don'! Jf1 ,1 lot
m,1 problcrn: t spond a lot 01 !imt ,: \VtII. 1hi tonnt'l.t, to lhl' utlwr !rt'lld
tif hig thing cm 1-nur lit II hm ou I mL'n1iont'll. !('<.hnolog\
lt11iking ter m notes. 1 t,m ncvcr find lncl\\ }OU t,1111 do thtm ,111. So, n,1d
,1111thing.' r: You rlll'<lll tlw l11ttrn<>t?
OJll' d1.1ptlr ol , nur tt-..:!l"lCK1\.., mllwl
,: Yl", indt<t'CI .md not onh 1h.1t, hu1
,1: \t'Jh 111,h like th,11 l,1,1 vcar. Fhc fx... t o lhrt't' th,,plC'f\. Pulling rn,lllt'r
th111g ., ICI {))..\,llli'-1. \(IU files, u,ing ,11,.n rol)(11,.
!hi11g, on \otJr li<.I mmn th,lt ,ou
P: lfolot\{
= L \,lt ti). Olrltr fX'tlplt 11.ml lhin,
t olow I O(ll"' .md l.1bc.,1, <;() }Oll L,111 t,m ,llhil\t' thtm, ,md 1hi<. m,11..('!,
und \hin, l'ilil't'. 1 don't h.iw ,m \Oll t'<'I .:11xl. \lrighl. \1h.1t', 1ht nc,1
!h.11 m,1h lil<' l'.hi(r. In 1lw futurc.
troublc .mvmorc. qur,.1it1n ... ?
1: Th,ml..,. Ri1. '-i1 .. tht"l' lhing\ ,hm, 1\w-., migh1 h,1\C' ,1 roho11h.11 dt,m<.
how unport,m1 il i, to be IH'II tht hou<.t, tht\ might h,l\l' ,, robol
n,mi'>t"<I OK, lt>I\ takc ,motfl('r Lesson .1 Track 1.38 th,11 driH"- tht, .u, lht'} 1111ght h,11t' ,l
probk-n. lhl< onc ,,,'y<.: 'l -onwttroe-, l',Hrlt J.. .U<.,11) robot lh,11 (iM...;, tlll' g.1rrllr11ng.
,1ud1 or ,l lnng tinw, but I don't t: 1 kllo, Suin. Good 1(1 ,t'l' }OU ,1g.1in. I': Ynu ,.,11 m1ghl, r,itlwr 1h.111 will. \\ h1 \
!t'll l'm ltwning ,m}lhi11g. 1 road 111l' ,: 1 ti P.11rkl... 1 hJ\1 .ire ,uu/ th.11?
rn,1ttri,1I but no1hing', h,1pxning 1: !"m fX'. C.1n I gt1,uu ,l drinl..t ,: \\'111 \lt'1,1n'1 htdt'iinilt,1h,,u1
11, not going in.' Right. 1 l,h .mvonc tortt't(ll',1( th1, IX'l.,lU"l' 11 <111 d1x.11d, on th
got ,1m UJ!.l'liun,!\t... Tim. ,: Oh . .i tolll'i' \1oul1t he lo\t'ly, 1h.mks. tt'<.!11101} Al thl' mrnm,nl, rohol
,1: ll.i,11 ,1111, i1 1n't ,1 g\l1xl id(',l to tud} I': Surt, 111 JU! ,1,I.. Hob 10 do th,11. loh, ,lr(' \ l'J) h,1,it .
rm lnng x.riod, ,lf ,1 tin,(' \\ ithout <l u1uM ,ou gl't u, t110 torft'i", plc.1,t? 1: 'i't 1 thinl.. tlwr<", ,1 rnlio1 \,lCuum
brt..,11... 11 lxll(r to do ,1 1illl< ,1! !'lo, 11-h,ll d0t.,, tht IL1turt hold lor nw? ( l<,mtr ,1nd th,11\ ,1lk.1UI il. Oh, ,mcf
.i tinw. ,: \\'PII. hop,tull}, go1)(! hu,inL... , rnliot ptt,.
1: 01,11\ right. Ht niu 10 }OUN:lvf'<;! oppnrtunil1t..... l\t wi1 !he full rt.'port ,: 1 ,.ic.111, ,;. !ht lt'lh11olog, nt't:d, lo
Whtn \OU 1111ih '>onwlh1ng, ,111 h1n, hui 1'11 go through lhc m,1i11 imprnw. l\rh.ip, 11 will, 1xrh.1p
<""'} 1or t,,m1plt, givt your-,plvl', poinl\ fir,t. i! \Hlll'L Bul. uldLr wopk ,.,.(I
,1 hrt,11.. 1ki ,onwlhing 1or fun: go P: 1 int. Go a!1l'.ll. dcfim1C"il 1\,1111 robot.
ior ,1 \1,111.., 11r \1.itth .i 1ilm. n1i
tan m.11..l' 1ou 11or 111.tttr beort

AUDlOSCRIPTS 155
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P: Mmm. th,1!'s intcn-sting. 1 guess thc Track 1.41 H: Wcll. wh..it 11hink 1s th,1t 1hC\
lntern(.'t \\1!1 he lmportaru. !-houldn't w.itch ,mv TV.
\\'h,11'11 ,m1 do if \our p,mnt dont
<;: Ot coursc. or something likc it. And 11:: \\h;iL none.:itall?
lile thL' i1lcJ?
thlc i lhl' othcr poscblc area or 2 \ \'h,11'11 vou do i !hC' courr,c is rc.:ilh
11: ,\:nne .:it ,111. 1 lll'\'t'f \\,1tchcd TV wh(n
i m c-rmcnr. In gcncr,11 J>C.'OplC' \\ 11 J was .1 kid, ,md I ck1n'! think m\ kids
difilult!
ordt'f goods .md scrvtcce O\'l'f tbe nc...>txl 10 w:itch it 110\\, l'SfX'(.i,111,
3 \Vh.:it'll \OU do ir ,ou don't likc thc
rnterocr. and thC'\ 'll ITl(.'<.'I peoplc over whN1 thev'rl' voung.
oth!'r !>luden\!>?
lhc Internet. In thc uturc, pcop!c it: Riht, 1,ell. l'm sure m.1ny pcople
migh! have more C\ IX'f friends than \\ 111 d1s.1gr(>(> with \'OU. LC't ',('(.', Ye,,
rc,11 fritnds So, ior ex.imple, \\l' lesson 6.3 Track 1.42 m,l<l,1rn, ves, vou m thc r('(I drcs.
thinl.. th,11 bere'll he m.my comp,mil"" Rolx'r/, Shl'ila. Grao, Brwn, / lt'nn, K,1/(' = \Vcll. X'rson.ill,. 1 complctC'I\
1h,1rll oUt'f Internet d,iting ICc.'S sor R; OK, so tha!'!> thc c,perts vil'\\, let's cl1s.1grcc. TV i p.111 nf thl' modcrn
eldcrh po-ole. <;(-'(' ,,h.11 ,ou, the puhlk, 1hink. No,,. world, likc computen; .1nd phone.
r: Interne! cfating? tor thc C'kiNI? \\ h.:ifs }OUr n,mll'? \Ve can 't hiele l\f from our J..ids. 1
: Oh \'C'S. 1 me is impor1,m1. hO\,C\'l'f
s: Sheila. 1hinJ... rt's bctter 1f thc, knm, th,11 TV ,..,
old mu are. Pcoplc \\ ill detlnilPh ,l normal 1hing, a norm;il .15 h,wing
R: OK. She1l,1. are ,ou ,1 mo1hcr?
li\e for longer. and lht"\ '11 havo more s: Yes. l .un. 1\ e got !wo voun .;iris.
dinn<'f. or wh,11cver
rd.11ionshi>S in their later vears. it: Crea!, so wh.1t do mu thmk? 11:: Hcnrv?
Oldcr pcople \\ 111 gC'I divon.ed more :.: l\"l""'<)fl,1\lv. 1 lhnk mothcr, shou\ci 11: \\'el\. th.11's an mter<.><.lmp. idea, bu\
ocn. ,md thc\ n prub.,. hh rnccr flC\\ 1.1, ,11 honlt.'. 1 luok .i1cr m, J..ids and TV i, diffl'rcnt to phon<.'S, ,md h..iving
partners onlinc. or ccrheps oo thcir I think th,1n, l>cst fur 1h('m and forme. dinner. lhl' kids jusl sil thPrC. liJ...c
e ruise holicLl\'<. 1e In \\h,.1t \\a\? vegct,1bles. lt's nol good or tlwm. not
P: Reilll\? <,: \\'di. mu krl<m. J.. id shuuld he\\ ith grxxl ,11,111.
,: \ Vh, not? xr'rc 60 vc.irs old, your 1hcir nmthN". thC"\ net.>d m, lovc ,ind. K: Bu! \\hv no1 jut control hm, much
chiklreo are ,u/ults. vou have 40 ,,cll, I knm, "h,1t thcv like and don'! th<. 11 .11ch? You knm1, h,wc ,1
morl' t.,m, lu live. J !lt."\\ lite\\ ill he l1ke. '!ou koow, il's n,1tural. n1.1ximum oi t,,o hour, ,1 d.11 ur
juI .i dit.J.. ,l\\,l\'. somelhmg.
it: Ot... so dues ,mvone d1s.1grce? Yes.
P: lnff'ft"'-ling. So, h,1il.1llv, 1 should 11: \Vell. 1 kmJ,, wc 1,on't .1grt.'(', hut tht
vou, \\ h.1t's \'Our opinion?
fook tor coropanlcs lh,lt provide G: \\'di, 1 umlcr.::l.:ind her opmion, but lx,st rnntrol is to '>l'II your TV. l ,ou
goods and sen ices ior the d<lerh. sometimcs mothcrs h,wc no choice. do th.11. thcv11 do ,omc1hing el<;e.
\: l:.x,101\, C'SJX'C.llh tho<,c. buslnesscs s: Tha!'s jut sillv.
Ihat ..ire pl,mnlng lo use !cchnolog, in
1hi..'\ h.wl' to worl. Surclv it's bcttcr
H: You'rl' thc> one thafs sil h.
sorne. ,,.i,.
The nuddlc-ogcd pcoolc ior the tamil, to h,we mon('} to buv
ioud ,md twf. 1 mean. wh.1t's thC' 11:: OK. OK. c.:ilm do\,n C\.C\'onc. Let's
of to.:i, .1re h.11>)\ to use lcchnolog,, l,1kc ,1 bre.1k now, .md ,1her tht ,1ds
pomt o s1,1, inp...it home\\ ith vour
and lile"\ 11 OC' even happicr to use il
in I\H'flh coars' nrnc. kids , ,oo <.an'r pul cxxl on thc \\C'll lcx1k ,11 the role of thc fathcr in
r. \\'l'II. lh,11' ,111 \'l'f\ intcwsling. N(l\\, l,1blc? \\'c'rt> not all in h,ipp, .imilics thc .imih
berc tuve tbose coees got to? 1, i1h I\\O p.lents, .ire we?
F\:-rh.ips r 11(.'(.'(l ,1 coffcc robot! R: lmic...ed. \\'h,1t (lo vou s.w lo th.11, Review Units 4-6 Track 1.45
Sh<il;i?
lesson 6.2 Track 1.40 = \\'el!, th,1t's a gOOO pomt, but l 1hmk
}<1nt'. Anclrl'.i
J: l lcllo. J.ine lfarton hl're.
SOITIC' molh<'fS ,,ork bcc.iusc thl'\
Sh,11w, frell n wanl lo. not hecauS(. thl"\' need lo A: J,me, it's Andrca. L1s1en, vou
s: ,nu
know, Lvclv n. l'rn thmkmg about Th< prczl'f to work r,1ther th,111 look knm1 we wcrc 1.1lking .1bout ,111
doing .1 course in lhe Unhcd Starcs. ,1iter thl'ir childr(n, ,1nd l think that's cnvironrncnt,111,-fncndl, hol1d,1v this
r: \ \'h,it, vou want lo slur" in Amenc,1t \\ rong. 1 n.,1lh do. ve,1r?
,c.ih. l think h'H hclp rn, rareer. J: Yes, wh}?
!,: it: OK. Does ,1nvonc cl"C' h.:iw ,1nvth1ng
r: \ Vhat klnd o coursce lo s.:i, on this A: \Vell. J'vc f:01 some det,1il from ,1

s: mrcrnaonal Business. B: lr. 1 <lo. lfof)Crt. grc,it comp;im holirl.ws 111 Afdc.1,
1, Oh. Wd\ ... ,, h.irU ,ou (k) 1f Mum 11: Yt"'? Uganda. Sh,1ll l 1dl ,ou ,ibout them
,md D,1d don'I lile tho idea? e; 1 .1gree \\ ith Sheil.1. 1 knrn, lo,1ds i: Ycah ... bu1 l'm working, o 1 c;in'\
= Oh. tt's OK. ru pc,-.:u,ull' thcm. oi molhcrs \\ho ,,orl use bcc.:iur.c talk 1or too long.
u Rc,111,? 1 don'! thinl D,l<I w ill likc thc 1h like to h,we .1 oo, nol ])t'( .wse A: OK. no problcm. Righl. l've lookc...><I

idea. thev need lo. r\nd thJt's ,1 rC'al pit\, at 1he iniurm.1tion .md thcrt Me four
,: Oh. he'II he OK about i1. You \\,1i1 bcc,1u!">(' t!IC\ re misslng out on lhc lours 1h.:it look goorl. Oh. thc, 're ,111
anrl cce. lx."'1 time in thcir c.. hlldr(n' l1,c_><.. You 111 n.ition,11 p;irks. l 1hmk wc shoulrl
r: l hope vou're righ1. Anrl \\ hat'H vou c,in ,,ork ,m, t1mt>, but vour children gc1 mort' ckt.1ils on ,1 couplc of
do i lhc> <.OUf"S<' is reallv difficult? .:irc onl\ vo1.mg oncl'. 1hcm.
!>: .,1s,. 1'11 get sorne hclp rom rm 11; OK, wcll, \\ hile werc oo thl' subject 1: OK. g()(KI ide,1.
teochorv .md otht'f studcnts. 01 childrcn. lcl's look JI ,lnothN' ,\: 1 irst onc, mmm, 1 don't lnow how
r: '!hu secm \l'f\ conficknl. \\'h..it'JI <ucstion. H.isic.:ilh. houkl \\C lim11 10 pronounce thi. 11' i\lg.1hing,1
\'Uu do ii \'OU (k>n'f like thl' olhl'f thc amounl oT\I voung kicb \\ Jtch? Nation,11 P.1rJ... 1here are al>iiut ninf'
ludcnt? Are the-. \\,1tchlng 100 much TV thcR' vok,moes in.
s: l'm sure 1'11 find .1 nicc r\mcric,1n girl! d,1, s? \Vh,1t's your namc .1nd what's 1: Volc,m()('<,'
L: Oh rc,11h ! Sh,mc. l don'I thinl thi-. is ,uur opinion? A: ... sb, .1re ext1nct. so don't \l'orf\
a gocxl ide.1. ,ou kOO\\, Therl' are lot-. H: Hi. l'm l lc1m ,md l'm ,1 rl,1d J: 1 am ,,omed!
of good cou= hcrC' in r\uqrali,1 ... R: OK. tht.'fl Henf\. \\ h.11s \'OUf \ <.-'\\? A: ,\rW\\.l\, ir m,1inh forcs1. 1, 11h loe
of different pl,mts and bird ...

AUDIOSCRIPTS

156
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J: ,\nd animals? R: \,\'ell, as vou know. we're domg sorne Secoodh. \\'C work in,, l,ih, so thcre
A: lt monuons thc goldcn monkcv rt's.t',Hlh mr ,l docunlC'ntar. series ,1rc c<.'lin l.1b rules. \\'e h.wc to
that'<; all. JIX>ut iorcnsic science - \\l' w,1nl turn our mobilc phonL"' olt, and WL'
J: No, 1 don't Jikc thc sound oi th,ll to c,111 it CSI- the re.ilil\'. [ musl tell mustn'I c.it or drink in thc l.1b, th,11
onc. yuu that, .:it thc momt.'llt were nmst kind of thing.
A: OK, numbcr twu. Bwindi Nauonal in1en.'.Stcd in thc difieren<.L'S bctw.'n 11: OK. Anv mort. diiit.,-enccs?
Fnrk. l rstcn ... 'over hall thc world's thc 1\1 dr,1mas ,mcl !he re,1litv of .i 1: Wcll. 1 must be honest herc,
populatron of mountain gorillas live crime l.1h. unior1un,1tclv, 51..ientists sornc..'limcs
in Bwtndt's forcsts .. : 1: That's fine. 1 <.an t.ilk ,1lX>ut th,11. makc mist,1kes, hut. on T\I, rhc
J: That snunds good. 11: Grcat. So. irsl oi all, how do vou M.ientisls nevcr m.1ke misfakl'S!
A: 'res. but the others are too. Numbcr org.miSC' !he work hcre? Am,ving!
thrcc. Quccn Elizabeth National 1: \Vcll, basic,1llv. we WO(k in two R: lndced. And, 11<iw 1h.1t wc h.ivc these
Park - ox-n grassland ramforcst, tcams. ln the first tc,1m. wc h,we thc dram.is about !Ofensic scientists, h,we
bkcs, w1th ovcr 100 type'> ot anlmal crimc sccnc analysls. Thev'rc the therc IX'l'n ,111\' ch,mgl'S in yuur W()(k?
including olopharus. Icopards. lions people who collect thc evidcncc 1: \Vcll, there's bccn a po,;itive changP
and buff.ilo. irorn thc crime sume. In thc S<..'Cond in our im.:ige. l'of once. scicncc b ,111
: 1 likc that one. te.1m, we h.1vc thc- forcnsic scientisls, intercsting or gl,1ff11xous profossion.
A: OK, and thc Iast onc. thc Murchison f>L'Oplc like me, who ,Klually do lt's 1ncredible re,1llv. so manv \.>1.mg
Falls National Park. This onc's by thc thc scicntiic lcs!s in thc l.ib. Toe (X'Ople are now applymg 10 work
Rivcr Nilc, ami thcro are nver 1mport.1nt thing is that thesc forcnstc in crimc l,1l>s. Thcrcs been a 500
animals and hirds. and othor antmals sctent1sts ,uc experts in d1fercnt fX,'f ccnl increasc in applic.:ilions
hke elephants. gira1('<; ,md buffalo fields, so, or ex,1mpfe, wc havc In urnvcrsity courst..'5, for ex,11nplc.
,1g,1in. 1 likc this onc.
an expert on guns .111d bu!lcts, a And m.1ny o thcsc people ,,re vnung
1: OK. wcll, why don't \l'C gel detads
ingcrprmts expert ,md so on. l'm a \vomen. And thc thing is. \\c're
DNA C'xpert. S1..ientils not J)l)lile offic<'fS. so \OU
on thc lost two - Qucen Hizabcth
11: 1 Sl.o.e. That set..'fllS J littlc chferent to don1 ha\'C' to stuclv 1,1\\. Inste.u\ vou
,lnd Murd1im Falb?
A: Yes, 1'11 do that ... and sh,1111 ... 1hC' TV show. h,wc to studv lhemistr. Of biolv.
: ,'-'ly boss is corning- 1 have lo go. 1: Yc'S. rou'rl' right. On thc show, the So, although the l\l shows ,ue
lrc, 1'11 r.p1.,1k to you later, crime scenc analysts ,1lso work hasic,111)' police rlr,imas. more pcopll'
in !he l,1h. ;:111cl they oftcn know ,1re now stu<lving ,;nt'llCC' uhjl'( I,
,1bout every1hing, from bullcls 10 which i ::;rtat.
Track 1.46 iing<.'fpnnts. 1t: lntcrcstin::;. So, cmi. c.:in l h,l\'<' ,, lool..
fom, Slw/,1 11: Exactly. So. when the crimc scene ,uound your l,1b?
1: ..md thl photo IS frorn my ob in analysts are ,lt thc uime sccne, wh,11 1: Wcll. l'm not surc. Mr boss s.ws .,11
India, ye,1rs ago. That'e thc clinic on do thcv h,wc to do? visils must only be for work rc.1sons.
1hC 1Pf1. 1: Wcll, first ot ali, the photngr,1phcr R: Wcll. th1s is kincl o work rcl.1t1.. '<I. 1
: Oh, trs lovcly. whc's the littlc boy takc.'5 hundreds of picturcs of thc me,m, wc must E,>cl lhe documcnl,1r.
un thc nght wrth thc two women? ( rime sccnc, and ,1! the s.:ime time.' right.
T: l lf' helped the docrors and nurws. ,;omeonc inlcr.1ews any wi!ncsS<."S. 1: 1 supposc so. \Vdl, OK, but \'OU mus!
you know, made tea. felched things. Toen, they wllect ,1nr cvirfencc, .:i11<I lurn your phonc. off and vou must be
s: lts rntcrcsttng that the phoro is m this ,. whm the\ h.wc to be verv quiC't. or my ho,;,; will kili m<'!
h!ac\.. ,1ml whitl'. carcful. Th havc to wear rubl;r ll: l lmm .. murder in thc crime l,ib.
1: Ye. pcrsonallv, 1 bohcvc that you gct g!ovc lx.'(_,lUSC 1hev mustn"t d,1mage Could be,, gcxxl storv fo, 1hc TV
bcrtcr photos thrs wav, any of the eviclc-nce. Basic,11lv, !hcv show ...
: Yes, l .igrcc. lhc mountains in took ()( ingerprints, h,1irs. perhaps
thc middlc look .,mazmg- so blood. 11 alt <'pends on th( rnmC', CD 2
rmprevsive. rc,111 Also, !hev h,we to t.ike Ver)'
1: r know. 1 loved thc mountains. In c.ueful notes. This is imr,ort,mt lesson 7.3 Track 2.3
fact. 1 lovcd cvcrything there! hcc.1usc wc. the sc\enli'>I<, in thc l,1h, Pn>Senler, Juhan
s: Rcally, why? havc 10 know ex,Ktlv wherc .1ll 1hc f';So, Jufi,111, c:ould }'OU tdl us .1bou1
T: \\'cll, lxxnusc the wcctber was good, ev!d(>nce has l orne frorn. one oi your choice; ple.iSC' .ind
the food was wondorrl. the pcoplc 1t: R1ght Now. on TV, 1 of thc crinx.'S ple.1se jusi give ., few rl',lSOflS or your
wcre rcally fncndlv. Fd really l1ke to arP murders. Js that true for vou? choice? Unortun,11dv our time is
go back tu st..'1;! them ,111 again. 1: Oh, no, not t ,111. N"tnl'ty cf'nt oi lim1tC'd ... ,
= You should do that! You can takc ow \\ork is w1th hurgl,1rlcs or stolcn 1: Rtght, wdl. one o m d1uiccs is
thrcc months ofi from this job, you t.lfS, \'OU know the kind oi thing. the printing prcss. Now, Gu11cnlx.>rg
know. w: RC'a!!v? OK, !>O \\h,1t ,1bout thc lab inven1ed the modero printing pr<'S in
1: That's ,1 wx><I poinl, bu1 r couldn't work? Do \'OU h,we to do ,lll\1hing I ..J57 .ind I think 1hi c.mS('(l ,1
lcave my family tor that long. 1 think speci.11? revolutiun m knO\\ k>dgl', Slil'lv ...
us bcucr i I wait till the rbrldren are 1: \\'cll first o ,,U. Wl' alw,ws tdl the ,1nd. wd1. in L'\'C'f\'thing n,111}.
oldcr. poi ice th,1t thev must be patient r: In whal \,,w?
h1.>c,1usc our \\Orl... in !he l.ib l.ike< J: \\'f'll, thc main reason I think il's
time. On TV. ,l J)()licf' officcr doc'Sn't impor!,ml is that lhe prinling press
lesson 7.1 Track 1.47 h,wc to w.iit ver. long lo get test mc.int wc <.ould produce lxxiks and
RcseJrclwr. /ns rcsult.s, perh,1ps us! .i iew houro;. rlC'\\"Sp,)pt.'fS in l,irgc numlx.,-s .md
ll: Well, irst nf ,111. thank vou or In reality, .in oficer ha,; to w.,it ver. qulkl,. lkfore th<..'ft, \\ riting
nlL'Cting me. fwcnty .l}S to gel a DNA test resuh. \\a ,l slow pn>t..t..'!>S and l',Kh COfl\
1: Nol at all. 1 hope I can hclp.

AUDIOSCRIPTS 157
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01 oach hool too!. \\l'(,I,.<; to rnakc. lt tJI.C"' nlt:' .igt><. An<l <-OOK'liTll"i < itnh<1s .irl' st.Jrting to under,t.md
Suddenlv. \\L' tould m.1L.c J hundm:I I thinl. l \Hitt dO\\n tht \\rong ,ICt.'p mLKh b<-ttcr 1h.1n lxtore. ,md
u1pit"- ot .1 hool in ,1 d.1\. Thic fTll',ml in1nrm,1tiun !no. 1 don't rc.all, J..nm, 1'11 nwntion (Onll' lll'I\ rC!>l'Jrth m
1h.1t id(:'.l" , ould 91re.1d mue h more nhJI l'm doin!,l ,,mng, m) 1.1IJ... Bt'Lau,1.' 01 thc limitt'CI timl',
quid,I\ th.m bc.iore. Thi- c..iu<ed gre.11 ,\; Qt,.,. \\cll. 1 can tell ,ou \\h,1rs 1'11 tm tr thrt'l' .1rc.as:
, hengc, in '(xieh, too mJn\ cbanece ,,orl..ed ror me. F1,...I 01 .11!, ,ou 1 hm\ much lwp 1, (' mI
to t,ilk ,1hout no\\. Anotl'K'f reacon .;f'Kmld remtmh<.'f \\ll\ \ou'rc rc.iding 1 thc l\',-X." .md .;t,1gc-, o .;lt'L'P, .ind
lhc- prinl1ng pre-e i< import,mt i< that ,md m.:il.ing notC"i. \\ h.111, ill \OU use l SOmt.' problC'm'i 1, ith s!t'(1l in
it led to e<fU( cttou 1or C'\'-'f\UIIC. Th1< thc ootcs 1or< Atl' tll<'I. tor an c<iS..l\ ( ,1 today's socict).
i<; romxxtcd to lh<> fast produc tion prestm!.:ition? .in txJm? lf thL'\ 're for So, kt'.. loo!,. flrst ,lt ho\1 mut. h sk'<.1)
ot books l)('(_,lUs.t' it \OU h,we hool. ,111 ("-<;J\, \\h.lt\ lhl' [>li;<.l\ CJUC"ilillll? pc.ople nt't'fl. Most people <.pend
,ou t ,m hJ\l' ,l <.<hool. As \HII ,l'i Onh mal.e no!C"l II lhC' inorm,1tion ,iround a third p( tht-ir livc"' ,1<ic.'(,-i,
lh.11, the it,1 01 Niuc.,1tion lor .111 1.,m hetp ,ou to ;inw,C'f tlll.. t"'<.;l\ a!thoup.h thc O('l'CI 1or '>k'(1l 00 rc,1-s
i< ,11' Hlflnt'C1t'fl to tl'K ck>m,md qw><!inn. Don'! m.:il.c am n(lfCS ii thC' ,-..ith age. A 01w-\c.,1r-old l>,c1b, n<.I,
1nr n._Jclin 4.ilt-. Thc ,Hillcn \\tlfd inrorm.ition 1< .1hout ,mnlhC' topic. lf about fourtt'l'tl hour, 01 <ill'<.'p J d.1\,
lxxame importan! JI ,,ork. and <,o ,ou l.rep th.11 in mind, it'II hdp \'OU. ,l thild n ivc nl'-'<I ,1bout l\wl\l'
!X.'oplP h,ul to rc,1d, ,md -o tn(.'\ )ou l.n<J\\ ,, h,11 1 m('an? hour,., ,md ,1n <1duh ,1houl "l'\t'll lo
nt'('<k'fl oducaoo. ,: )t>Jh <ur(. C'iht huu"'. I IO\\t'\l'f, d1erent pt't,plc
nt'(.'(i diffcrenl .imount 01 (lt'L'fl ';imr
r: ()t,. then, A I.C'\ reason lOf thoo<;ing ": R1ght. lct'< irnaginr l'm rc.1ding ,m
.ic Jdnic p.:iprr. lt .ihoul cight
the printirrg 1)f('<.< is th.11 11 IT'l(;int ,1dulb nL'<'ll to <;ll.'ep tor len hour,. or
th,11 ickJ t oukl "flt',uf quid,!\ and p,lh long. U I\C' gnt lime, rhi., is more ,1 cL1\, \\ hile other,:. nnh n1wl
thi, ausod m..m, ch.1n.,>t.w; in '-olitI\. \\ hJt I clo. Tht> iir-t Irme I mu! the h.1tf th.11 .imount or lf"i,. Flck.'fl,
Sccondlv. ,nu clairn th.u it lod 10 1<.,t. 1 don't m.11..e .1m nolC"i. 1 jut . pC'oplt> tcnd to .;IC'<'f) le- th;in )OunC'
cducatron 1or ,111. Amth1ng el<d re.id it <tr.iight through. l 1ust tf\ ro ,1dulb ,11 night, hu1 thC'\ dozt lllOrC'
J: \\'('11 t"'. Thl' ntn('f 1hing i< that rhe undt."f'.land it, \l)U l.nO\,. AUN th,it, 1 dunng !he <l.11.
pnlllmg pre<'< m,1n'i that ,HilC'I'< rC',ul it ,1g.1in Jnd highlight !hC' m.iin Ltf.; turn no\\ to tht <litfcrcnt I\I')("': 01
r an make morK, whkh, ,1< l'm ide,1s. l ,1l,,o h1ghligh1 othtr poinb in lc,c.p, .md 1 <1polngi<.< for u,ing !,omt
,1 wntor. is !oOrllC'lhing l'm r,1fhc-r .i d111erlnt c.olour. Tht.(.' ,lrl' importJ.nt r,1thtr \t'(hn1c,1! l.inu,1g1. hl'Te. TilCrt
plco-cd ahout. Bu1 <.C'ri1)U<;I,. ,, ilhout 1x1mt hui lt"- 1mport,ml than rhc ,1rc I\\O typ1.-..;; of <il('('p, 1.nrn, n .1< R"-1
tll<' pnnting pecsv vou t,m'I makc m,1m 1)0int, t('(p ,md 1'R\\ lt.'<'f). Rh\l m1w1<
thou"dnds 01 copi('<; .rnd theretore ): l\e got it. r,1pid t",t:' mo,tnwnt. /\.R.\1 me.ins
\ou e ,m I mal,c ,m\ m<Jn<.",. Thl' A: Tht nt,t thiny. 1 do ... i'i m,,I.C' nott.., non-r,1pid t.')C' nlO\cmtnt. r\10,1111
printmg Pl"'" ffl<.',101 that 1xoplC' or tlw inorm.1t1un l\c highlighlC'd. our ,l('('p .1bou1 RO 1xr ( cnt or tlw
could bccoox- prott'<<.mo,11 \Hiter But I rlon't u<t <J\ out the sl('('ping pattern i .. 'R[M .;l{'{1J:
.1nd jnurnali1, which I thinL. hai, inorm,1tion. \\ hen l rn,ike no!e<,, 1 during th1 tinw hr,1in acti\11\ fal!s
beon ,c.'n good lor ,;otil'l\. don' ,ou! ummarise tht- in1orm.1!ion, u\ing to its IO\\l'SI IC'\cl. In RE.\\ k.p.1hc
I': \\('JI ves 1 fin. 1 <UJ)fl')',(,'. l lO\\l'\l'f. J. tt'\\ L.C'\ ,,nrd or phr,l-<.'S. Anc! 1 hrain <;uddC'nl\ lx.'tnmC'S morl' ,KliH
l m no! < ompl<11.I, conv inccd b\ .ilso m,11..t> tht' no1("' usin!,l m, own lil,..1 thc. br.:iin ni .1 fX'f',on 1\ho\
,our .1r.;urncnt ,1boul cduL,llion. \\ord-.- n()l lhe ,1mc \\ords .,.. in tll<' ;mal.e. Thc t'H"'- mm e r.ipicf ,md
\tll"r JU, \\C' drdn't h,1, e genl"r,11 1c.,t. Lil..l' lhi. 1 r(,111, undcrt.md thc drC',llll CKCUr. !,!:[,\\ <l('(.'p I<; ,llx>ut
v hool.. unnl .1bout 400 \ cars ,1fl('( notC"i rm m,1l.1ng. li ,ou ju,;t top', one h,1h o <k'-1' time in b.ihit"', ,1nd
thC' tncconon rn rhc printlng prc<''i. J oul <;(.'ntcnc.c."', ,r.. p)<;c;ihle \oU don'I about eme iiith or IL'L1) time in adults.
th('(c.' re,1lh .i l.(>OlLXtion? ,1Uu.1II, undcr-t,md ,m\ thing. 1\ml
1: \\C'll. cr; lh,1r,.1 farr point, Jlthi:x1gh ... l"r ... \\C'II, ih.it, .1bou1 it, rl',111\. Track 2.10
1 <lill <.J\ th..lt thc nlJ' producuon I don1 thml. [ c.m !di u,u .1n,thing
OK. Turning to tlw 1agc.; nr slt'<'p.
o books e.JU<;('(! th,mgC", in the \\,1\ l'ls.c.
pt.nple workcd and tbi-, led to w iclcr : \\di, mu\tgi\tnmt.<.tim(gix>d \\t' t,111 identll\ 11\<' st.1gL" 111 .1 nigh1\
edccanon. 1dt:',l<. Th,1nl.s, \ni.;h.1. lecp, ,i \OU t,rn 'i.l'C on thc liclc. In
I': \\mm. Ot... we'H leJ\(' 1h,1t A: Am thing cl.;e?
di1terenl t.1g(', uf slccp, our hr,iin put
discu.;.;iun thcre ror thc momont and togcthcr 1hough1s ,md t>:..prricnL('<;,
,: [r ... \1ell ... th(.'rc 1s 'ml'thing d!.e thcn torc thcm in .in organi(d 1\J\,
tcrs move on. S,mdra, ,,h,,t h,l\C \C)U ... \l'.lh ' .. givmg llS tle,lrtr mcmnrit". Atcording
chi:N.'fl? to RobC'rt Stitkgold . .1 leep rt><;('ardll'r
Lesson 8.1 Track 2.9 .11 I l,lf\Jrd MC'dic,11 School in lfo!>ton.
Lesson 7.-J Track 2.8 ti <,t't.m, lh;it chfkrent kind'i 01 <lf't1l
Or 1 \ 1!,,m. \bol.11 imprO\C rlitlt'rcnt l.md\ or m<moric'<,
hinnon, \mJ1,1 1,: Alright. Al1Ul,1j1 \Ull nt\I. t\rl' \'Oll
= \loming \ni<ha. rc,1d\?
.md thi might be 1,h, \\l' h,ne lh(.'
4.: Ht. Sh.1nnon! Hm, ', il goin! ,\: \cs.
llw <liffcrtnt s1.1g<"i ot <11.'1.p. Rt'tl'nl
E\1.f\ th1ng Jlrighl? w: Ot.. thcn. 1;irt \\hl'll ,ou Jikc.
cxpcrinlC'nts suggt."'1 th.it the fin,11 <t.ige
,: \\ell.1 suppO'>C.'SO. .\: C.nod mOfnin!,l C'\C'\!-xx.t,.,. Le! nll' ot k'i.1), RI. \\ lt'L'Jl, h ur. im)(>rt,ml
A: )()U don't -.ound \l'f\ h,1pp,. .;1.:irt \\llh ,1 qucstmn: Oo )OU hl.t rnr org,miing uur nwmorit"i .inri h('lp<
: \ \ t>ll. l'm h.1, in .i hit o trouhlt ,, i!h ,k'L1)10g? TodJ\ 1 m going to 1.111. to to imprml' uur lt,1rmng. ,\J),ff\1 ll't'Jl
m, reachnj! ,md nutt-laking. vou ,,hout k'<.1l 1 hope" to <ho\, wu i<; irnpurtanl tor m,11,. rng our memorit.><
Oh. \ \'ll\ ! th.it ,ft.'(11 i ,1 \ en imrc1rt,1nt ,md
A: <;tmngt>r. Fxperinwn1s h,11e ,1l<;ci <hm,n
\: \\di. 11.,m 11,1ke ,t'I) gixxl rKJtt. intt'fl"iling ubjt.'( t. But plc,1<;<, tJ,
th,11 thc hr.iin \\ork, in .i dmerC'nt lhl\
Th<.'\ !'(' u<.U,1lh \('!'\ long. 1 \Hilt ,mal.e' - (km't 1,111 ,1,ll't.1> during m, J!tr \\t' ,t h,1rl ,l goocl nihl\ lc't'p.
ckM n a lot 01 !.IUTT - p,.1g,-. ;md pagt"'. prt."'t."11t,1li1m!

158 AUOIOSCRIPTS
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

Tho final Ml',1 l w,mt to talk about ,Hl' e YC"S, in thc main h,111. ,\rt ,nu more ,: ,ec;, up lo .1 poinl. l'vt' clone onc or
!hmg:- that c.m stop us slccpmg \\C'II. intercslcd 11(}1\ 1 h10 m,magC'rTlC'l1/ lr,1ining COUr.,(,'S in
ll(' o them is 100 much light. Strecr P: Y<.,c;, l ,1m. \\'c. h.1Hn't IX"Cn to the th<' l.1s1 couplc or 1e.11"i. 1 th1nk l'm
light ,md sccurity lights mean that c.1tlc> vl'I. ,md l'd lik0 to!,(.'(' il .it rl'ilch for promotion flfl\\,
cvcn \\hcn wo're aslccp. tt's never ni.:ht. <.: \\'hat about othl'r ,lSfl('CI 01 the joh?
compfctcfv dark. And Ihe- f'\ idr>nn e: Grrn1! LPt's .o to th< conc<'fl lhC'n. On ,nu gt'l lhr opporlunitv lo tr,11<1
SUlts that thc quantitv and qu,1lit} o \\'h,1t h.ill \\l' do ,1itcr th,11? muc.h?
darkm-ss in our livcs aftccts our hcalth.
1\nother problcm is the 24/i world. with
E: t\11l'f th.Je
e: Oh l'C'>, Emma, no on<. goc.'S to bcd
s: 'not muc.h. But I ckln't reall}' mind
th.11. You 5<.'t'. 1 h,wl' to look ,1flt'f m1
thc lmornct. 24-hour shopping, global hdort nudnight durin. lhe l'Sli\al. mother ,1nd ...
travel, etc. Bccausc of thi. our d;irs You h.i, e lo Sl't.' ,1' much ,1s 1ou L,m.
.tru bccomtng tongcr ,md rho night L: OK, f.iir cnough. \\'ell. l'm more
sbortcr - ,md this could also d,1m,1gt in1crcstcd rn thc l.11>,mCSC drummt'f!t Track 2.15
our hcenb. ,1 we'ro no! gct1ing enough lh,1n thc on<.'-m,m 1hc,11re ,htl\l. Comu/1,mt, Ror}
<lccp. e: Y<.ah. thc rln.,mmcr, rlo sound R: Good moming! l'm Run C1rroll.
mlcrC"Sting, but pcrhJp!t 11c> houldn't
To <um up, 1 hope I\P Ulll.'t'flI C: Hcllo Ron. H.:ive ,1 <.t.,Jt. \Ycll. \'OU
gn 10 .1 St.>t.oncl muk evcnl
in howin.; )OU that slccp is ,1 vcry <;ftm lo h.11 e lhl' lung<'Sl 'f\ ice
1: llmm, rn,l\bc P,ml. \\hich \\Ould }'OU
impor1,mt ,md tntorcsnng uhjc..>ct. rt't.ord- SC\'1:'nl<.'t.'fl \'l'.l!
\\'e slccp less as \\l' gl't oldcr, hut prt'er to go lo? N: Th,11's right.
cvervhodv' dicrcnt - >me people r: Oh. l'd lm<. to "l't.' the drunm1er,;;. <.: \ \'di. you're 00\ iousl, happ) h<.'fC!
nccd mnre sloop. otherv lcss. Thcrc Thc\ sound ,1mazing. And it's .i grc.11 N: 1 ,lm. yes. ,1lthough il u<,<.'t.l to I)(> morl'
,U(' rwo IYJ>C'S of slccp-. NRFM ,mcl ch,mcc to !',('C <.onwthing dii<'rl'nt fun.
RM: mo-t sfcop i l'\REM, but RFM i ,mrl unu,;;u,11. f'rl rarhcr <.<.'( rh,1t th,m ,L e: \\11,,, , 1ha1?
when dre;imin8 happenc. During thc pl,l} ,1bou! Sh.il..cspt',1rc. N: \\'ell, it 1\JS more <;(Ki,1hk. 1 US(_'(/
fivo dlfk-rent stogcs o slccp. our br,1ins e: But \t "'l}S lhJt !lll' p!.w's reJII\ funn1. to go out mort 11 ilh n11 collt',ll,llK."',
org,rnit nur mcnumec ,md makc them And hn\, intcrt,c;1ing is lwo hour; ot ,1i1cr worl.. ,ind for lunch. \ \ ht>n J fir.;t
ronccr. But 100 nwch ligh! ,1nd our dnimmin.: ,i;:oing ro lx-? sl,1rtcd huc, \\Ch.id \'l'f\ long lunch
modcrn 1,.J1 or lifc can hove ,1 llc.l.llivc 1: Oh Christirw, l'm urt th<. T,1ikn hrtak. onwlillll><: or tno hour,.
tmpao on our slcoptng pcttems ,mcl. as drumming 1,ill ht rt,1lly intercsling. Nrn, it' more hl..e 1h1r1\ mmu\(.'<;.
.1 rosult on our bralns anrl our hoalth. l\e 'i(-'E.'11 m<' o il on TV. and l'd And Wl' ali U<.t'tl tlX' g, m le>gC'thcr.
rhank rou for Jilening Are rborc ,1m lll\ e 10 <;('(' ii I i1 ('. Th,1t ckK't h,1ppl'n mu1.h llO\\.
qulqiom/ h anvoru- srllf ,m,11..c? e OK tht'n, lc>J's go ,md SC(> thC' <.: Did \)U u<;( In 1,orl.. morp ,1,;; ,1 tc,1m?
drunmlt'r<,. But tomorr0\1. no muir. R: Yes, J uppo<;( l\l' did. U',;; inl<'fl"'ting
OK? , ou mtnhon that. \ \'c'rc. mofl' un our
tesson 8.3 Track 2.11 PM:OK. 0\1n nll\l, l ,1lso US<.'<l to !r,wel ,1 lol
Pot1f, tnvnc. Chmlim more loo. Tht'\ 've <ut down on !h,11.
I':OK uwn. so 11 h,1t sh,111 we do ,iftt'f
Lesson 9.1 Track 2.14 e: H.is ,1111 thin.: dwn.c.'tl nr lht heUt'f?
<linncr? \ Vhat', on ,1t abcut c1.:ht 1i:: Y1.,c;, tht.'fl' ,m: m<:)t'l' oppnrtunitit,c; to
o'thxk. Emrn,1? ( nmolt,int ../1,mu lt'.1m lll'\\ ,i. rn, ,mcl dt,t>lnp 1rn1r
F: \\'di. thcre's .i c.l.1ssic,1I music e: Conw in. H(llo. /r'c Sh.1mi. isn'f ir? <..lrCC'I'. ll's mor<' profr..,ron,11 nm1.
conrort in the l.1,1le or clse an open s: Th,11'<; right. Al<;(), tht.'I didn'I USI.' lo p,l\ \OU
,11r mov ie. \Vh,1t 11ould yuu prcfcr lo e: OK. lcl me ju,1 h,we ,1 look .-it trn. prox.>rl\. Till rnon<.'I '!> mulh bl'tltr
<lo. Chri,1111<'1 inorm,ition hcrc ... ou 1,orl.. in tht' ml\1 ! Th.il' proh,1hh wl,,, l'm lill
e: t'm no! wn-. 11h,1! kinrl o ilm is it? i\\Jrketing lxMrlmmrt htrc!
1: 11\ .m ludian ilm, ,1 IJ()lly11ocxl ,: Yl',1h. e \ \ h.11 .ihout vourq,lt( H,1\l' \'ou
film vou k1Kn1, with lo.id or songs e: And ... ,ou\e hecn 1,i1h rht t..h,m1.w<l ,111ht s.une t1ITM.' ,lS thl'
,md rl,mcmg. Thie oncs ,, rom,rnlic < omp.m, ror i, } e,,,... comp,m,?
uim('(J. i.: Th,11', ri.;ht. N: l'\o. 1 don'! thinl.. <.n. 1 lhink l'm prelt\
e: l lmm. 1 don'! i.incy that. l'd prefer e: Alright, irs1 of ,111 le!'( 1alk ,ihout \OUr muth thc imc Jll'f,on 1 \\,l ,111 tho,;c
10 go 10 tho ctassfcal concct. \-Vh.it gtntr,11 if'din.: ,1bout 1cJt1r joh. Do ll',lrS ,1go.
,1bm1t you, Paul? you fed thc s.1mc ,1.:i, nm1 ,1 1ou
I': l think l'd ruher scc thc film. l'm ch{I si:>. }'C,HS ,1go!
s: \\'ell. no, not rc.ilh. 1 me,m, 1 thinl.. 1
Track 2.16
rml 1h,1t kcon on the cnncert. 1 don't
rc,111} Hke c.l,1ssic,1I mcstc. Wh,11 U<;('(/ to bt morC' enthusi,ict,c. ,\-\,1\bc. 1 She u,;c.'CI 10 1,orl.. l.itc.
about you lmm,1, wh,lt would vou il's IX"C,IU"<' l'm nlder now. 2 Did \OU U<;(.' In go oul 111Ufl' \\ ilh
r.uhcr do? e: Wcll. \Ou'rc ,[[ onl\ 2n. Th,1l's not coll<',1gut-.?
1: \\'<11, to IX' hon<.'SL 1 don't mind. 1 like C.'X,1( th old! J / le chdn'I uc1 ro Ji,1en ro rrn..
4 Slx didn't U<.(' tht. gvm C'\c'I'\ d,1\.
,111 mus1c.. The movic i,ounds good ,: No, l SUJ)l'XN' 11()!.

ht'< .1u-.c l'vt 111'\'l'f Sl'<.'11 .1 Bollyw()(){l e \\'h.11 dsc h,1( ch,mgt'Ci! 5 Thc.'I uSl'CI 1ht1r opportunitics ,1dl.
1 work longcr hour, nO\,. \ \ hcn I 6 Did lht (Olllf),111\ U:,t' thl' flUlt<; ol thi..
film bl'tow, ,md thcy'rc g00<I un. i,:
<;tartf'{I, 1 didn'l u<.t lo fim,h 11orl.. ,ur.l'\?
1hc dancing' brilli,mt, so l've becn
lold. l:lut. tht' concert souncls !,lOOd so l,11e. No,\, 1 h'<l honw ,1ftN <,(",t.n
IK'l..,rnc it', in tlw t .11lc, ,incl I nc,1rl} c.-wry d,l\, hui I dun't thinl,, 1
thi11k 1h,1t'll lx lovcly, ,1 rc.1lly l,>tX>CI rc,illy ,1th1cll' ,mi more.
,itmn,phcrt fnr rhc muit:. e I St.'<'. \\1/iJ! ,1houl lhc.- wmMm? Is il
r: 11, in tlw C,Wlt>? hclping )'OU to dC\elop rll'\I cl..illsl

AUDIOSCRIPTS 159
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

Lesson 9.3 Track 2.17 11: Rl',1lh? Oh?\ \'h,1r, tht_-. dtJl! 11 il's ,1 the A/lt'l rh ilis,1tion ,mHJml modem
.,'<x)(! h.irg,iin, 1 mighl 1.x. inl('f('<,\cd. ,\\c,ko Cih. In 131-. 1ht Sp,miMd.
lul/,m,Ri{hJrd Ht'fn.ln Cortt .:mi,-c'Cl 1n \ tt,iLO. Ht
\\hilh model ...
L: So. \\hil h oi our products are plU tr,1,cllcrl to mt'<'I tht Aztt'l rn,pcror,
lnterocrd in a\\tJltc.lUmJ. \\ ht1 intrudutt'CI Curtt'
R: O"-. \\l'II. wc'rc lmcrcstcd in bm 111g Lesson 9.4 Track 2.19 to hi ,l\'ourilc drml..- dlllf.Ol,111.
'-''mt' digi1,1I rnu-h, plJn'f", the 11'.J lnw,f'. \ 11100 Tht.'\ S(.'fVt.'Cl the drinl.. to C011l>s in
modcl. l lm, much are thC'\ IX'f ilm1? 1: Gocxl mormngt'\"l'r-.OOC'. \\ckoim J c.up m.1dc 01 old. 11 ,ou look JI
1: l.ct's sce.... k..,, tll('\ 're SlOOcJch. to C.1dhur-. \ \ orld. \ \\ nJmc 1 ouiSt. lht slidl', vou c,m '-l'l' lht'i-n clrinl..mg
11.: S 100? Th.11,;ccms rathcr high. ,uxl l'm \our guidt thb mornin OK. l<>RCthcr.
L: RP,1lh! l '<('l'. Hcl\\ much would vou let\ S('(_' wh1..'fc t'\ l'f\hnrh conie. \\'hen Cortes rtlurnt>d In Sp.1in
lil.C' 10 JJJ' ! frum l()(IJ\. Put ,oui hJllCls up ir in 1 'i.!8, h( lo..1dC'd hi, hifl" ,, ith
11.: ,\huut SH> ,ou're from lhe Ut... L'hhuh. l\nyort<' n-x-0.1 hc.m ,md {'(u1pment 1or
L: 1 st_>t. \\'lll, l'm not sure 1h.11 \H' ron 1rom B1nmngh.:im
go th,n Jm,, hui ,,e con ofor vou .1 making lht ch1xnlJlt drinl... Soon
\ 1: \('<;!
chornlalt' hcc.1mt' J populJr drinl..
dis.<.ounl. JI dcpcods on 111(' qu.uuitc. L: Gu1xl 10 'i('(' <lflt' ur f\,o lrx:,1k
11 ith rich x'Oplc in Sp.1in. Hui 1\
I to" m,,m would vou hkc to onkr? \lnght SO tht rl"'I 01 \'OU ,1{(' \ iilOf';
too!.. nt',1rl, llMJ \l',1f!> 1or tht nt'\"
R: \\1d likt. ;oo. \Vh,1t di<;(.ount 1.10 1mm ,1bm,ui? And \\hl'fl' .1rc ,ou
o ttx.0,1 ,1nd thotol,1tc rn ,pre.id
vou offcr? mm!
Jc.ross [uropc. as thc Sp.mih kcpt
1: \\'di, l'm atrald wt.' LJn onl, ofier J \'l: From thc L'S. Flori<L1. it ,l "<.'Crt'I. In thl' 1-th ll'nlUI'\.
'.i"u discount on 'iOO, hut it ,ou ordcr \J: l'm FrenLh.
1,000. ,,1 can oil..>r 1 ;<> " ,: Sp,1in.
chocol,1tc houscs likC' rnl!C'C' shop,
tt)(l,11 - lx.'C,lflll' f:X.>pul,1r in lnndon
11: I "('(. Th,11 might be cliffkult. l'm not \'5: J.ip,m.
sure ih.u \\(' l ,lll 11 1.000. \\ h,ll n,: \\ e're rm Turlt'\.
,md olhcr l.uropc.in litic. llu1 ir
aboot rf \\L' order 750? \\,1n1 until lhc lltlh ccntur. 1h.i1
t: Oh. 1 h..ul .1 lmch holid,1, lhcrt l.11
L: \Vdl,tfwn,,ec.mgi,c,'OU.110" 1..hcKol,11c lx'l,1mc thc.1pcr .ind
,c,ir. \n\'\\.J\, it loo!.. lil..c 1,C'\t' gol
clisc.ount. J\,1il,1blc 1o ,1 l,1rgc xrunl,1gt ol thL
quik' ,1 101 01 1or<ign, 1iluf'i t1)(l,11.
11: Hmm. that's still .l bit low. Ht)\\ popul,1tion.1\bo in thc l'Jth Hnlun..
,0\1, h,1s ,m,orx. lx'l'n hcfl' hdorc!
.:ihou\ 1 :?. 'io? 1'o. OK. so it' l'\ t'I'\ boch ' firsl time. thc, iound ,11,.1, to m.11..C' chocolate
1: 12. l" ? l'm nol eure \\l' can offer Alright. \OUr l(IU thi,; mornil!H ,,ill h.ld, sol id to m.11..e thc l',lling
l,11 Jboul ont hour. Fif'il oi ,111. l'm chocol,1\t' ,,e lm <' 1ncl,1, ! 511, th.11
that. Allhough, i \OU orclcr 800. \H'
f,'(>ing to tell \'OU ,1 Tl'\\ i..e\ thinR5 '"1 .:t \'Cr'I. bric1 h1stof\ ol c.hcx.ol.itc.
l,ln offt'f 12."i" ..
,1lxx1t tht hislor. o c.hoc.ol,llt'. lht'fl To sum up. 11 t,lrtNI ., .1 dnnl.. in
11: Hmm. 800, ,,tII ...
L.: 11', no! \'l'f\ mJm more. ,md the 1'11 ",I\ ,1 littlc bil ,1houl lhl' tomp.m, (enlr,11 Anwrit,1. it 1 ,lflll' lo Furopl'
dl'ilmmt i good. ,md ,1t1<'r th..11 rrr <..1, ,1 fl'\, ,,Ofcb \1 ,th thP Sp,m.h. 11 prc,lCI ,ro,,l,
,1hou1 h0\1 chocol,1tc 1 n1.1dc. t\11 ,un>" lhc nml1ntnt .md lm,111,
R: \ \'ell. vc-. OK 1hm. \ \e'II order 800
t: Flne, .md \\l''II i\{.1 11..)"., th,11 \\ ill 1,11..c .ihout tcn minult>s. ThLn hec.,lmc somcthmg ,1 lut ol pt:oplc
discounr. So. tbc flnal price i sa-.'io 11l''II go mund th<' ,1110!'\. llm1 <loes u1uld Jltord lo t,11.
per ucm. thJI <;QUfld '" 11..nm, ,01.-rC' .111 \C'r. I..Nn lo
11: Sh,111 w e 1 .111 it sa-1 Kt,v it ,1 round r: Good. \\ di \\C' l,1s!l ,1m chocolJlt'? ,1,1rt thc tour. but lt't' turn nQ\1 to
numlx.'f! 1 nwan. \H' hopt to bu, 1: Oh H"'. Dont 1,orr. JIX>ul th,11. lht tomp.m\ ut lnr .i mmulc ...
more in ihc futurc ... TI)('f{ll Jx. .-i {h.Jntc to t.iste sonll' oi
our dditinu,; pxlut 1 ,11 tlw tnd!
L: Th.11 soond.. fine. S8i por ltcru it le, Review Units 7-9 Track 2.21
tht'fl.
\n11,1. Rob
11: Gre.11. 1,m,. ,,h,11' vour normal Track 2.20 A: l'm l:x.,rt'<L Lct Ht' out tlm l'\l'nm.
deliH_'f\ time!
1: 11 uu.111, 1hin, d,1, ao- voor ordcr.
l: 01\. So. ltr lool,. ,11 the hitor. 11: OK. l'd lmc to go 10 lhC' 1hc,11rc. 1
11; Ot.., rhc r,md,ml lime. At 1u,1lh. ,,e or thi.x.ol,11e. To ,1.1n ,,ith, ckx.. ha,cn't l)('('n or .:i:;cs.
,111\ lxf.. kll{)\, 11 h<rt' n1,1lt llf'il A: J'm rn>I '>un. .1lxll1t lh,11. 1'm not lh,11
roed 1kh,C'I) in h,o ,,C'<'l. C.m , (HJ t llf)(

t.Jm<' from kt,n on thc tht,llrc. \ \ h,11', on?

do lh,11!
L: T,,o \\l'l,t..s? No. l'm anaid wc t,1111 ,s: From l ,11in ,\nK'tic,,. r thinl... 11: 1hcn\ ,1 pla, h, 1),1, id .\l,mwt. Tlw

1: Y"'. th,11', righ1. 111,,1-. thc \\.1,.m titkC'b ,1rc LW. !.15 or !JO.
dolh,11.
!\lho li\l'fl in \\h,11\ rnl\\ CC'nlr.il A: Oh. th,11 'il'l'fll'- ,1 hit high to m( iur
R: RtJlh?
\lllf..'fi1..,1 .md \\t\ltul ,,ho tir-t J p!J\ in our l(x ,11 th1,,1rt.
1: RtJII\. l'm .nr.ild lhc, \Hlffl IX' f(',lrf,.
rli"Co1 trt'fl lhl' dl'ltghb o thornl,11c 11: \\(11. ,,h.11 ,,ould ,uu prtltr todi,?
ror dl'li,C'r. b, then. Thim d,1,, i, thc.
1n ,1\)(JUI ()O()>,f). Tli<, 1ound 1h,11 thc, A: \\mm, 1 m mor<' m1ert><ltod m
he<.!''" 1 ,m rk,, l'm .nrald.
tcH.dd m.il..c ,1 ddiciou, drinl,. lmm 50melhing Jt\C'. l thinl.. l'd r,1lhtr
R: OK. 1h.1t'll lx fow. l'erh,1p,; \\C con
r0,1,t{'(l coco.1 ht',lll\. Do ,111 our go d,mcing.
th,mgt thing lll..'\I time.
t: Ot.. usen. So, HJU ordcr 800 IP-1 IOfC'1n , ii1 1..nm, the fllC',ming 01 11: 1 clon'l 1,m< \ d.mling! ' rd prctt'f
ro,1t{'(l/ to o 10 ., 1 on(1rt.
muvh pl,1\t'f'i ,11 SR- doll,1f'i fX.'f itorn,
\J: C,x,1.cod in ,m ll\C'f1, .,: ,\ tfll crt? Ot... ll't\ <.t"l' \\ hJt'<. on.
,111d \\l' dclivcr in llmh rL1, ,. 1, rh.11 ,l
t: c,.1tll,. Tht \ \.l\;m, c,11k'CI tht'ir Bul ,,h,11 .ihout ii \\C go d,1m in al
dC',ll?
t ht,n,l,1tt drinl.. thtlf.ol,111. lt l\,l) ,1 thC' \\<'l'l..('fld?
R: Til,ll ,1 ck,11.
rtJI lu,ur. IX'CJU'-C' (Oco,1 lx,,m tt: 1 <kln'l knm,. bx,I... ,\111 don'1 ,ou
t: C,11Ht'fll. 1 thore .1m1hing ctsc
,1 C'f(' , t'f) , ,1lu.1hl1. In i.lll. 1x.'f1pk go d,1nt ing ,,i1h ,our tricn<l, JI lht
\OIl' interc...tcd in!\ \ch n11t'fin),\ ,1
gn,1t dt,)I nn rliit.1[ l,lfl)t'f.1, Jt thc "<lflll'liml"' U'-l'Cl lo i,t them ,1, \H'l'l..tnd?
prt"'l'flt,. or C\ l'fl u<,cd 1hem ,1, A: But rd rJlhtr go ,, 11h \()U.
rnonwnt.
mtmt'\. oon. chocol.111 prmd lo

AUDIO",( RIPT",
160
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

v: Surt'. l'm rt,1cfl. 'HJu t,m w1 JS 1.1st .1 Losson 10.2 Track 2.25
N: lf )OU go with rour rril'mk 1'11
u.11il.. a rLally nk e dlnncr tor uc on vo1.1 ,,,mt rn.M. q: \ \ hl'n \IJ fi,11 ""-" up!
s: OK, <;0, ,11 len he> g1, ing ,1 <t,lttmtn! A: 11 wa<. ,l'l llp in 1 W)<J, in Turin, in
Sund.1\. 10 thc l)('l.'dopment ('c,mmitll'l',
A: 01< that sounds iin<! ll,11\. lht il"-1 ,lltnr. ,1 ,lS oX'n<.'<I in
,1bou1 thl' u;,...\ pl,1n ior ne,t )c<1r. 1 ')00. 1 rn worktr<, wcrc cmployt'd
111('11, ,11c>r lum h, ht' <.t'l,ng the (ll('f(' ,100 tht>\ pr1xluc.t."<l l-l t<1rs.
Lesson 10.1 Track 2.22 Prt,sirll'nt 011\w 'luri11 (uuntil. lht' t\l the lime, lt,1h h,1d ,1 popul.1t1on
I in\ trn.m1rics ounded the Urnu..'<I mt'lting i .. ,11 thrt,, ,ind it'II proh..ihl1 o 12 million lll'<Jpl<' ,md most o
/\.,ilion ,l!l('f the Sccood \ \Ofld \\',ir, on 1>t' ,1 long 011('. <.t) lw'<. no1 m<.'l'ling 1hem \\url..t'<I in 1.irmin.i. TI1b w,1s
1ht 14th of Octolx.'f 1 'JVi. to \x. ex,11.-t. ,1nyonl' ds<.' th,11 ck1\. .:m c:-.c.iting perind in hi<.lory: cint'fla
t\tl,. '-U{h ,1 tmibll' \\,lf tht.'\ tnun<k:<l v: Surtlhing.\\t'Clnt,d,11? ,md r.1dio ,,C'rt uwtnlt'fl ;m1und th1s
thl' UN 111 ordcr 10 m.1int,,in w,1rlrl fX'.1<l' s: Yes. \Vl'llne,,L1, . \\l'll, \H\c tml<' 100.
,md sccuruv, to dcvelop trimcHy rcl,1tion org,mi$C<l thc morrnng. hut 11c'rc not q: Wherl' \\'l'rl' c.,1r<, testt'<I in 1he c,irl}'
htl\\'t't'll <.ountril'!i ,md to imprnw livinp, sure ,11x,u1 tht ,lltt't'noon. ,c.1rs?
l ondilinns ,,,xi hum,m right, ,1Lnr,,, 1ht> v: 1 ine, ttll me ,11M1u11hc mornmg 11011 A: n thc roof of lhl' .tttor1! TI1c I i,11
world. Then' .irc rlO\\ ! 111 cow1tm..'S in ,1ml \\l..''11 do ll'K' rt"-1 l.111'1'. ,l( lcll) ,11 1 ingo1111 \\J tomplt.>lt'II in
thc UN. lh.it\ lll'.lrl) ('\l'I'\ counnv in K: IJ\ldl, in thc rnorning lw's .iomg to 1912. 1t 11 ,l\ thl' l,,rHt"'t in EuroX' ,11111
tlw world. and repn..""l..'111,ltivc.w;; frnm tbeec tht' Empirc .1lc> Building II hc hc's h,1d fivc fl. On 1hc roo thcn. 11 as
countrlcs rrcct ,11 thL UN hc.iclqu.1r1ers in holding ,1 pre"' confcrtntc 1111h 1he ,11r,1eL \\htrt 1,.,1r, \\('rt' lt"-ll'CL
,twYor,,. N\l,<.l.'ngt.'f!,, o Pt,ltC'. Q: Whcn WC'rc> e.ir ,1dvC'r1 ,1i1Tl{'(l ,11
For mo,1 pcoplc the St'<..fl'IJf) Gcncr,11 v: Wh,111ime t'\Jlli\? 1 c,111'1 rc.illv juI \\Ollll'!l or lhl' ir,11i11wr
,,, m lhC' mnrrnnf! i\: In tht m11! l{)]t),.. !Jt,md,ml" of 11, 111;
ol tlw U/\. b 1lw Ju ol 1his m.1S.Si\c
org.mi,.11ion. Tlu' St'I n+arv CC'nN,11 i K: Oh orry, 1 thoughl 1 s.1id. Th,11's ,11 II NI' riing .ind changc<, in "ocich

thc p,..-rson 1h.1t Wt' usu.1lh seo on tho 10.10. \\l'rt' (K.uming.
1111\ ,ion ncws whcn tho UN ckx.". i v: Uh-huh. 1-int. TI1t' pr1,.,-;, tonftrcntl' IJ: \\lhich llL'l\'Jl.lfK'f \\,\<. IM1t1ght l11 fi,1l
,onwlhing imporl,lllL Owr lht )'t',11'5., ,uuncl,, ,1 .:11od 11k,1. lt'll gct somc in 192(,, Corri<.'ft' 1h.>ll.1 \1r,t or
thc So, rt'\,11'\ General h.e, l orne 1ru111 pul1litit,. /,r 51,,mp..i?
m.im tliftN<'nl rountri<"-, such ,1 Fgvpt, R: \ \lt hopt <;1J. Anl'\1,1\, ,l"l'I' lh.11, ,lt A: l,t 5!JlllP,.I, 11 nll',lfl\ nwPrp<.' in
l\ru and 11 cdcn. thc t urrcnt scc reurv 111irlrl,1r lw\ meeting thc Br,1lili,m lt.ili,111. 11\ ,1 lll'I\ p;ipcr irom Turin,
Prt"'id(nl tu d1S1.. u tl1t r,11nforl'SI hut 1x11plt rt,1d il in o1htr p,111, 11
Ctmr.11 i tmm Soulh M>r(\l.
prott'<..tion pl,m. lt;,I, l(M).
llw UN worl.. m ,, \\ id< r,1!1),\l' o ,1rc.i. Q: \\'h,11 \1,1<. wL up io thc 1Jtt 19.Wr
111th ,1 'fll..'fJI ,um to nuprovc 1ht li\ v: Finl'. Gol th,1t. \ \'ha!' 111,ir
11: \<VtII. th,1t\ \\h,11 \u'n no1 ,1rt ,1boul A: A lol of <,('!\ 1c 1or cmplovC!CS, for
01 nrd1n,uv IK'<)lllt ,md to l..t'<'P pcocv
l1t'<.,IU'-l' on lhuNl,11 hl'., lr,l\dlin CltJn1ple. hc,1hh c,lrl'. <;(._h(MJI,;, por1
m 1ht world. hlr evomplo. 1hc UN dul,-. .md ht1lic1, t,m1ps 1nr childrcn.
htl1:,,; rt'u).ll'<"', holp- thc t'l.onomk to ruropl'. Bl'fnrl' 1hat. lw might tlll'l'I
hi .i,1s\Jnt, \\ hn ,m tr,lll'lling II ilh Othcr tomp,1nie,; xm u>picd lhC'S<
1kwli,,mm1 ol pnon'f toun1rit'S and
him, or lw might phrnw tllt' Brithh idc.',1. Sorl'K' 01 tht !>l'fvict"' Jrl' .,,U
ru11, tlll' cuurt uf lntt'rn,11io11.1l lu,titt. 'Iwn
Prinlt.' Mini.,,1cr. He'- gom).\ to ck.>tidc ,ll tiH' 1od,,v.
,lrl',1' 1h.1t 1ht l 11' 1 nol mvolvcd in are
enK'ft,lllmK..nt ,md rtl1giuu, educouon. tnmnrrcl\\. So. 1'11 upd,11c ,ou th('n. <1: \ \'htr1 \ll'fl' i,1t ,.,r
uimtruclcd m
1<: OK. \\c\l, l'll pul upthc in!MTI1,1lnm lhttwh 19JO!
A: n.,t inut,N..'<i i1, ,1t1i,ilil..,,11Jro,ul JI
th,111ou\t ,1lrt,1cfl gi,tn mt' .iml
Track 2.23 1htn .idcl th,1! ('\lr,1 inorm,11ion
1hi, 1irnt' ,ind t,lr" \\l'fl' (on,trut1<'d
in Fr,m(t', p.un ,md 1-'ol,md. llw
Htr/J 1 ,1111 tomorrm1. 1 lm\ lon.1 i, hl' ... 1,11 ing in c.omp,1m ,110 nl<'nl'I! ,1 b,ml,. 1n
B: l \i rhcro. \ ihn. ! lO\\ are \'OU( [urox?
1: 1 ti BP1h. l'm f11w lh,ml..,. You ,11riHh1( lk'flin.
11: T110 \H>tI... ,md \OU 1100'1 n{'('(l lo
11: k.ih, tmo. vo vou rtach to update put up lht daih ,t ht'<lull' ,,hill' ht"
the 11th;ite! l'w H011ht 'l.re1,m ,1\\,l\, Losson 10.3 Track 2.26
(.;tncr,11'- <.t h1'<iult 1or nt,t \l't"'<-.,, \ 1 int, l'w h1 pl1nt1 o1 ... 1uf1 10 ck1
hen-. ,llW\\,11. [rm. m.11 1 .1,I,., 11h,1t .in ,ou
1: \urt'. l m' ,111,ll. \ \ h,11\ h1 1loinV, un l"ir<l, Wt' \\,1111 lo cll'liv1r ,1 m,1Hit,1I
domg 10111.\hl{
\\lmd,11! e: Oh, l'm AOtng oul 1CH' ,tinncr \\ ith m, t'\lll'rll'OLL', .1n dt'llril\ mg ,11mnphl'r.t
R: wou, ,Klu,1111, he in'I rloing .1mlhing huh.rn<l. tht'rt'\ ,1 1w,1 rt"'t,nir,1111 1or t 01llfX'lih1r ,m<I pt.'lt,1tor... )ur ,11m
t,1rl1 m nw rrt1irnin hu! al 11.1 th,11'... oxm'<l nt.',lr u . i<. 10 inpirc 1nUrlH f'M'<ll<' m Hril,1111 ,md
.1.111. lw\ nll'l'ling 1ht \ri,m Fmt1.:n ,: Oh, 1ourhu,h,md ... ,lt ro,; 1hc \1orld 10 p!J1 '-)Orl. \Vt 11 di
,\lini,!t'f. 11: k.. \\oh\ rl1d \OU .,,L 1 ck1 "h,1tC'\'l'f \\l' t,m 10 m'i11rt (hil(lrPn
1: '>1>rr1, which mini,lcr! M) romputor v: Oh, no rt',1"1m. H.11t' .1 ni( t' t'Vt'lllrl!-\, 10 ( htKJ<l' 1x1rL II htrc1tr tht1 li, t', .
11,1,n't qulte readv, 11: lh.mL \OU IOU l(K). \re \OU doinA 11h,1\C1l'f tlll') rh l\h,lll'\l'I' 1ht\ IMht'll'.
11: ( )r 1ou \1crcn't l1sltnin).\I Tiw lon1gn .rn, 1h1nA? 'lht><;1._ 11ill hl' ,1 nwn-11.1r,il1le G,mll. ,\
\lini<.lc>r. OI "i1ri,1. ,: ' nn, J quil1 n111)11 m for rnc. G,llllt" lh,11 \\ 111 111,pirt. \OUll)t 1x11plt' \11
1: 1 irw. Gn11h,1! mi\\. Anvthing ,1111..'r 11: ()t,. thtn, \1cll. 1,1IL to uu ,1g,1in l1dil1t in tht 011 mph irh1l.
1h,1t? 11hC'n 1ht i;;c n1urn,.
n: kp. At tour n'l lotk lw' mt'l'1ing 2
\': ',lJI'(', hl('.
tht Amh,1<.<.,1clor rrom Tht Congo. s: Bvt.
Ami 1h,1t mJgit ht'Aim" 1th !he
,\ntl 1h.1r, 111or Mnnrt.1,. lk,1cfl for ,tnut">. \\e'II uc e,i ... 1mg 11orld-
Tut'<.(l,I\? Or .irt ,ou ,1ill ,1,1iting lt ir tl.i, 1tnut.., ,,pt'll,1tul,1r t 11\ ttnlr1
rh, t 11mpu1l'r to l,lllh up? lt1t,1lnm. ,1ncl mn"I irnpor1,tn111, wt>11

161
 AUDIOSCRI PTS

creare an Oh mplt park \\ hich i usl Sccond \\orld \ \.ir. In 19-H, lnlt'rp11I and photos o cr1mln,1I. iingerprmr,.
wvcn rrnnutcs from thc tl'ntrc of rt',1ppe.irC'<I 11 ith ,1 lll'I\ headqu.1rtm etc. Aoo.lhcr import,mt thinl!. \\(' do
I ondnn. In the OI\ mpit p,irl.. thcrc'H in l',iri .md it h.1, rf'm,1ined in i:; !O pm\id1. ll!Qng (nUrst"" ror
llt' ,l m.1gnii1Lcnr 80,000 \>CJ! Ol)mpic fr;incc sincc lhm. In 11)89 lhc llil.liil0,11 rolill' orn'!', ,me! or.;,mi,c
q,1dium and ,, f,mt.1s!iL .rqu.utc centre hc.:idqu,1rtcrs 1\slS 1110\t'Cl to Lvon int1rn,11ion,1I tonl'r<'ne<.'S on crimc.
for the s111mming tHnt. l t.rlf o the \1hcrC' 1t b ltxl.1\. ln 2001, ,1bout 1.400 crimin,11
vcnucs 11 lll be onh ihC' minutos from 1',,011 lcr l1M1i.. at thc mod('rn l\l'rC' lound 1h.1nk, 10 thc C'tiorh o
thc arhlcrc-,' ,l( t ommodatinn .md onh lnterpol. Fir,1 oi ,1IJ, hrn, is il lntC'rpol.
ton ptr cent 11 ill lx- more th,m !wrnt1 organi,t'tl? lnll'rpol nm1 b,1 184 So thtre 11t ,lrl..'. To umtluclc, \\l'
numnc-, ,1\1,11. illUD!..x>r rnuntril.. ,, And kt ml' can J\ thJt lnt<.'r>nl 1,; Oll'r 80
] RQint out th,11 ;r 1bow coun1riG \C,1rs old, .1nd hJ:. gr1l\,n ,1 lot
The Oh mpk park 11 ill conu!n lhl' lb.il p,n for it! 184 wun!ril"< from thc org,1oi!-..11ion th,ll 1,.is H-1
Oh mpic I ill,1gt; 11c'JI pu1 athlotcs ..i1 - th,11 m,1i..cs it rhc ccond hlgAt"-1 up in\'i1..nn,1 in 1')21. Tod..n 0t1r
hc hc.wt of thc g,m1cs. Thcn-'!l be 8,XJ() intcrn.ilion.il org,mi,..llion aftcr !he he.idcu,1rtcrs is 111 buo, Fr,1nte, ,md
Unitcd 1'.1tion. The he,1dqu.irtcrs 184 rnuntric,; art' ITK'fllht.r.-. \\t iight
double roorm and thiv .icromrnod.nlon
in Llon opcr,11t 24 hour;; ,l d,11,
will be modem. p.1nou .,nd mJcrn,1t1on.il tnme uin.l mockrn
J6'i dJ} .1 \CJr. !:it,111 rrom nl(m tt'lhnolog1. \ \t do C\Crl thmg 11c
rnmfor1,1b!t. Athletcs w1II he ut ,l shorl
lh,m HO counlriC"> \1orl,. idc--h1 - t.,m lo m,11..e the world ,1 s.1icr plat.e
11,111,. from tlw main <t.idiurn. The '11 IX'
side, uing thc mg,mia1ion' our 1or \OU ,md your fam,lit"'. 1hanl-
.i1 thc centre of thc O!rmpit t':>.1X'rit'l1ce.
ofillial l,mgu.igt: Ar.1b1c, l:np,llh.
vou ror li-tcn1ng. Are> thcre ,m,
'thc Olvmprc p.rrk will btonl) sccon Fren1..h .ind Spanish. ThNc .irt_ .11-.o
,ix rt),:ion,11 offiu><; .irouncl lhl'
quc_,,.iions?
A; ('(. do \OU thiol,. OfA,1ni!,.11ion lil,.e
rninun-, from Conrral! ondon b\ tram \\Orld. In ,111, \\t' h,1\'(' ,1hou\ 450
\ i,l ,l 11C'\I high-cpced train ',('I"\ Ice. Nim- !ntcrpol h,11C' too much informalion
,1.11i. Ye<,, tha1's ri.;ht perh,1p, 450 .ilM)U1 us - lhc publit? for c,amp1c.
othtr r,1il\\J\ and undcrgrcund lincs rkM..-sn"1 <;0und J lot lu \Ou. Bul th.11
fi.;ur< i, ju1 for tht slall in L\on and ('\ C'I"\ \\ hcfe \\'l.' J,'< > [] ll.'l.' ,ll.' l.JIHl.'f",\S
will furm the b,tb ui ,1 tornp1ehtni1c
iubli, transpon \ <tom "<.'f"\ ing t1 t'\ 1.11,.ing photogr,1phs oi u,. Thcr(>s no
tht rcp,ioo,11 offill"-. l ,Kh mtmbcr
\t>tiut. t\ '-l)('l i,11 Olvmpic bus ('l"\ict countr. .1lso h,1s 11, m,n lnterlol pri1.1tc sp,1t.c .invmorc. \ \'har \our
11 ill prm i1lt quill.. and t',lS joumev-, opinioo Jbout th1,?
otiicc. ThC' ,1,1f thtrt' tome irom
bcrwcon vcnucs. Fm,,11.,,, \H1"II .li\e rt't'
,: J-lmm. 110\\ 1h.11 ,1 lt'f"I intcr<.><iling
1ht nJlion,11 poliu for1..c. .12!.ill.l
publh transpon tu ,111 ,1thlt11. nffici,11 ior<'I tbttt mos IO!ccpol o.lil:.fil ,md import.mt qut"'ilion. Er, ll me '('t'
,md IX'< l,1\or,. '!J\ in !bc:ir O\\O rnunlo, .md don1 11 I C",ln gi,e l'Ou .1 hurt ,l!l"l\t-'f
ptmd tlwir timt tr,wl'lling thC' \\orld
Lesson 10.4 Track 2.29 fighting trinw, ,1s 1ht1 do in the Lesson 11.1 Track 2.30
lx>ok, .md iilm!
-1x.,1/..c'r: \ucl11,i(t' membor l'rC',<'fl/t'r. fo/m, 8ruCC"
In t!ic ln.il p,,rt oi m\ 1.,11,., t'm going p; t\c lll'Cn ,1 <,i..ienli<,L or U\l'f .40
,: tlood c-wning. Tl1,ml.. 1nu for imiting to ,,1\ ;onw1hin:: ,1hout \\hJI lnttrx,I
me herc lhi\ l"H'rling lo t,1/k about H,1r;; .inrl I\C' lx,n m.1linR n.1ture
d0t."-. l,1,ic.ill). \\C' hl..'lp polie<, dO( umcor.irit 1nr lht l,1,1 l\1cnr,
rnrcrpol. the 11 orlcl', l<1t'St polit e
nrg,1111.1t1on. Nm,, 11hJ! do vou think iorcl", t,11ch crimm.1ls. But. aod I \<.',11"" ,md, lo he hotl("-1 1111('('n
nf 11 hen vou thinl.. OI lnlerpolt ,\ lot mut dr,m mur ,lt!Cnlioo to Ibis,"'' ,car< ,1.:n J d,dn't heltt1c th.11 \\C
of J)('(plt gct thorr im,1ge of nuerpol O('\('( brcJk tbc l,m in ,lll\ l OLJDID I\Crt' l h.111.:inR l)lt' l\(H'ld", ! lim.1t1..
lrom boos ur films. l\:orh,1p,; 1hc1 Onc o our priorilil'' 1 wublt'W" l ltr.1 t'l.l', fnr tht l,1s1 ttn l<',lfS J I t
lhtnl,. or .1 1 rene h polk cmon Jrom l ODOCl.tl'd \\ ilh dru:. t\oOlhl'( l)('('fl ITJIL'llin.: Jrouod thc> 11<>fld to
impod,ml Ml'J is tr,JIH<bmg in find out ii, in t.lll, \\ e Jfl' d1,1n1ng
thc 11)h0s, 11twing ,11011 p.rlc coar.
Or perhaps the, thlnk or onwthing
hum.:in heinl!' - x'l>pk tr.i111ll..in),l the 1,orld's dim,itt. 1\ t met m.im
- c<,pct.i.1/h \1 onwn Jncl childrcn ',("1enti1s ,1nd 1 1 <' 1 irtC'<I <il)ffi(' 01 rile
lil..c ,1 J,1mc,; Bo11d film, or \li"ion frnrn r]('\ doping< mm!rit"". \ \ t> ,ll'll \\orld" mo,1 "'l,eci.il 1..'f1\-ironn11..'11t,.
!111x,,ih/1, 11ilh l1t.,1u1irul "l'I ret t,11..t ,1 .;rC',11 inlC'rC"it in puhlic JIC'I\ ,\nd ntJI\. l\t rkiinild1 th,1ngC'Cl
,lp,<'nt,. r\t!u.ill. lnllrpol i r,11twr Jn<l tcrrorim. m, mind.
ditreroru lo thb .md toniglll t"m gning
10 gi1e vou an idc,1 about the real Anotlwr bt', priori!, finan,b1I \ VI' (,111 ,;ce tlw l',lfl\ CICt.l' OI p,lob.JJ
rmcrpol. t-ir,t oi .111, l"!I <,,11 ., littlt - \\'h,? Bt't,1ucuim1n,1[, 11,uminR in tht polJr rtogioo<. - tlw
,m u,!n.t nt'\I tt'thnolt">g\ to gct r\rtlil ,1nd thc Ant,m tlt. luhn \ \ .111 ,
,11.>oul lnll'rpo\'s histor.. T11cn t'll talk inform,ition uch ,1, p.1(\\0rds
about huorpcl todav: 1'11 tell vou ,1 1>0J,,r <.e icn11s1 in lh<' Arctit.
ur credi! t,1rd dl't,111 thrnu.;h tlw
ho11 it's org,mi<.t.'li ,md. fin,1lh, 11h,11 1: J\c bt.'t'll \\c>rl..in}.: hen. irn t. l'lBO.
lntcrrwr.
it dot... .. Tlwrt'II IX' ,omc !inw ,11 tht ,md, ret.<.11111, lhing!, h.t\l' h1'<'ll
So. how e.in IH' t,itth tht",(.' th,mp,tnR 1,:,r1 qwl 1..11. Thc ,;t.,1 kt
cnd ior qutw;titm.
crimin.1/,? \\el! tbt mo5t im1>1%:JOl i" nwlling c.1rlit'f l'\t'f', \C,lr .md lhi<.
Althnup,h 1hl' ide,1 for lnt('l'pol
1, ,,s hom in l 1114 il1 .1 l onltrenet'
J.b.w.A ,udo is to run ,1 Rlob.JI
polil<.' llJQlJlJUOit.JllflQ ')HCm.
mc,l!l<. lh,11 liic 1or thc polar lx.1" i,
p,tlttnR h,irdcr ,md h,1rck.'f IX'l,IU'4.'
in \ lnn,lln, 1h< 1 irst \ Vorld \ \',1r <,o poliu .1round lhl' 11orld c,m thl'\ t.Jn onh iind loor! \\ h<'fl thc
inttmiptcd 1t, d<ll'!opmcnt. lt ,h,1re iniorm,irion ,1houl e rnnc <ll.C,l!l i t.O\l'rC'<I \\ ilh i<t'. Tht'f<' ,lrt
1\,1' t'l.tntu,1111 < r<a!cd 111 1911. in Jncl < rimi11<1I,. Th( (\ ,t(m ,1111111, nc11\ 2'l JX'f tcnl t<."l.1Cr x>l.ir lx,1"
Vitnn.1, 1\u,tri,1, .1lthnugh it had ,1 poli1..t in onc tounlr. 10 d1t't.k corr,p,Ut>fl 10 \\ htn I fir-1 t,imt htr1...
clirforent n,mlt' ,lt th.:i11i111e. In thc 1ht d,1t,1b,1"<. o1 x,litt in ,mothcr I': Sc,1 ll'\ el, ,lTt' rising lx't,lU<.<' lht.
btp,1nnint,:,.. thcrl' 11 N"l' fourtt'l'n wuntr.. lnttrpol itsdi m,m,1.:C'S poi.u ilc ,mil nxlll111,1in A1,lt. il'f" ,lrt
nwml)(r <.mm!rit"'. Tht 1\ orl. o thc 't'1tr,1J d,11<1h,1<.t.'S, int ludm.; namt"' nwl1111A- Tui, nx,m<. th,11 ,,.1,md in
nrp,,mi11101111.i lnt<.rrt1ptC<I b1 tht thc P,1ul1< Ot t,1n ,,rc rli .....1111xwm.:

AUDIO",( 1-W'f",

'162
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

undcr thc sea. As wl'II as this. thc riel of the 1\atel.1nd.1\nd of tou. Also, \1c'rc hu1kling .1 lol of fJcililll"'
5l'JS JrC' also gc11ing hotter. This it mvolve,;; loc,1! j>l'Op!e working for thc .W 11 1 ondon Olvmp1c.,; .md
i ceuslng prchlcms for both thc tog(ther. peopl(' doing minoritv sport will l1Sc
r,11nfor1>st ;inri thc cor,11 rcor-. R: Surc. Hut thl're .ll' ,1 t0upk o points thl.'n1. Thl'rl' l\<lS something clsc th,11
tha1 i1 d0t><;n't mr:oe1, .ircn'11hcre? surpn!>L'<I rnc. M1ch,1cla sugg<.'St th.it
TI1e 11 armcr St'.1.'> rncan thcrc's k-ss
min in thc r.i1nfore!>l. In lhL Amazon 1: Well )'C'S, bu1 thal\ qui1(' norm,11. in1 our "Pm1snwn and womcn ha\cn'1
ralnforest. thc largcr treos are dvng 11? bccn ver; suc.<.cssful in minor1ty
ano thcre .lrC' scrious drought. As R: Sure, but this proL'Ct n<'<.>ds 5.000 .:i sports in reten! rcars. TI1ink abnut
well as th!s, thc warrncr sc,1 w,1lcr ymr. And wc c,m't rc.:ill1 give 1hcm our gymn,1sts ,1 fcw Yl'ill"S ago. ll.'th
is k1lling coral rccfs m rn,my pcrts lh,1t much monev. Tw<.'<ldle 11,h ,1 golcl rnC'cl;,I winncr.
of thc world. Cor.11 rccfs are vcry I': No. 1h,1t's 1ruc. v\lhat do ynu think (.)ll 1 '>.l)', though. that SUCCPSS 1sn'1
scnsntvc to tcmpcr.uure cbcngcs and 1hcy nCC(] that money for! jusi ahoul mnnev ...
wo'rc now losmg sorne oi thc nchcst N: \Vell, 1 r<"'lkon i1's to p,1y for thl' lcx.,11 n: Alright, orry 1c, 111lerrur1. wc'II come
cnvironrnents in tho world. peoplc \1ho'll luok aftl'r the p,1rk. b,u k to }'<>U later, bu1 we"ve gol our
Hut, ,uc wc causing thcsc changos
f': Hmm. 1 guC'!,S ,o. Well, thev could cki li,.;t emaif. [t's from lfod, in Brigh1on
or ,,. lt just a n,1tur.1I pro1.1...;? nrucc it unp,1id. couldn't thev? Rod S.W\. '\\lh.:it <.,111 vnu rc.1cl ,1hout
Si1ul.1IJ h,r-, J nimputl'r model that 1t Hmm. pcrh.1p<;, h:1111,'v0 ,ecn th,1t udn in the IKW<;p,qxrs/ Almos1
scerns to answcr thrs quostlon. f.iil bcfore, h,11C'n't 11c? lf no one gets nothing. C.m you S('(' h.idminton on
8: \\li1h 1h1!> programme. 1 can show ,111\' monev Jt ,111, thcn thing<; likc TV? Ltl ch,1nce! ThL' nwdi;i is unly
p,1rl..s soon ge! run-dnwn. Ou know, mlt'L>sted in ooth.ill. l the mL'lli.i
how thc tcrnpcraturo o thc pl.mer
h.tc boon ch,mging for the l,1st 1 ()() thcrc's morl' littcr, you st.irt gctting shmwd more inter(><:1 in olher porb,
Yl'.lr .md I can show what diect gr,1fi1i, th,1t kind o thmg. kids \IOUl(I 11.m1 to t\ llwm.' l\1cr
r: ,\.\mm, yes, thal's all true. Whv clon't Joncs, you'r(' ,1 joum,1li1. wh.11' vour
thc burnm..: o fovstl fucls h,15 on tho
wc oicr .[2,000 ,1 Vl'Jr? ' view?
tompcrnturc th,ingL">. The firs1 linc on
R: Yl'S, thal's inc. R1ghl. wcll. lhtrc's r: \\lcll. r couldn't agr('(' mor(' 1 think
Ihc graph - thc bluc linc- shows vou
onl' more poinl lh;,t the procct il "s a grc,1t pity snnw sport. 111..c
the tcmpcraturc chan.;c.><; bcc ausc o
nltur,11 proccsscs. such as volcanocs dot>sn't mcl't. frK>tball, gPI so mud1 rnL'<li.i ,1Ucn1iun
,1nd tho oncrgv rrom thc sun. As vou P: b thl're? \\lh1ch nrw? whi\c othcrs lil..c b.idminton or t.1bk
con scc. thc tcmpcratcrc goos up and tcnni<; are oftcn ignorcd. And thts
down without ,1 strong trcnd. Lesson 12.1 Track 2.33 problC'm isn't gning <111,11 ,mv rime
"lhr- socond lino show vou what soon, cither. Thc BBC h.1s rt'<.enll\
0,1m11. 1\ik/...1, L<,/e1, l'i:ltr, K(n
happcns whcn \\ o includc thc CO, dccick'<l to top Cr,md,1,md-1t,
I>: \\'denme back l'm D.:imm Bri..:hl
that 1 produccd b\ thc use of fossii fomous sX)rb progr,1111111c. 1 used
.ind ,1., uual ,11 Ibis time 1,l''re
iuels. As you can scc. thl' ,iver.tgt' to \\,llLh Cr,l/Jd,1,md on S,1turd.1v
lool..ing ,111od,w'<; p,lfX'l"S. \\'ith m('
tempcrature has bc.'t'n incrlaing verv atcrnO(lns 11hcn 111,1 ,1 k1d Jll<I
in thC' studio 1hi& morning are Lesh
qutcklv socc 1 ()';0, and ths wil\ il introduced nJC' to :ill kinrb oi
conunuo. The irKrC',hl' in C01 in rhc D1ggot-131.ikc, lhe 1\.linistcr or Sport,
difieren\ sports. \Vithout that kind
,1Lmo,phcr(' h.15 l}L'l..ll incre.isrng 1hP thc journ,1li'>I ,md commen1,1tor Pe1er
o progr,1mnlt', kids won't h.:ivc thc
ptcncrs tcmpcrnturo. JonC<- .:ind the actress Kcri Miller.
chance to 1,atch thO'il.' minority
I': So, i this thc md nf thc world? Rcmcmber - th1s show is int<.ractivc.
sport. Howcvcr, thl' 201 ::! Olvmpic,
<; if you want to commcnl on
\Vdl. not vct. \Ve have thc powcr 10 offor somC' hop<. Bcc.1uc the UK is
anrthing. or ak .1 quC'Stion, ut scnd
lmv. and pos,ibly tn stop, thc rlse thc host n,ition, wc r,1n enttr more
vour em,1ils to hrightmlh< mommg
0

te,m1s than usual. Hox.l1lly, f"ll>>le

in ton-pcraturc. \\'e havc 10 produce
le"" CO ,, and to do that we have te) - that's all onc word- "1,11.<om. 11i\\ :-ec more diicrcnl ,rxirts on
The ;,ddrl.'s r on your scr('('n now, 11wir TV.
change hC' wav wc live our livcs.
,md Nikl..i U\t:r thcre will rN.e11e ali IJ: Alnght. 11c\l' gnt ,1nolhl'f 1m,11[
vour cmails. o\lorning, N1l..ki. hcrc. lt's from Heathcr in 1'11 mouth.
lesson 11.3 Track 2.31 ,..: Hi D,,rrl'n. l ll',1thcr ,1\ : 'I thmk l..id should do
f'opp1 /fa k D: Our ir;t topit this morning i-. sport .1 lot more sport at 5ehool. l"vc he,ircl
P: Righ11hcn, so, thc next project ls anrl in p.1r!iuilar 1h1,; k'11cr in ,l 1hat in SwcclL'n kids h.ivc ten hours
I Vifd C1fy. Wh.it do you lhink of !his newsp.:ipcr from Mich,1cl.i Scnvm o sport ,1 wcc:k. l 1 \\,lS lhc Mini,ter
onc? .1bm11 mmoril\ s}()r\S. ,\.\1ch,wla for Sport. l'd gi1e 1..">'C'f\' Sthoolchi!d
11: \\lcll. the bcst thing is that trs w,1nt more imt'!.1mcn1 i11111inoritv
thl.' opporturnt} 10 do a much 11 idtr
sports ,md more stories ,1l>0llt thcm in
r.:ingc of sport,. \ Vh,11 ,1bout hockl'1
dl'iimlcly .i gl>Cn prvect I mean, lhl.' m<.'d1.1. Thcn, shc s.1ys1 we WOllld or judo for .ill? lf thc} h,1d more
vou can'\ gct much grecner th,1n a lx morL succC<-siul 111 intcrn.:ition,11 npp,ortunitil"i. thcv wouldn'I IX' "-O
\\ il<llifc p,1rk, c,m you? compet1tioos. l le\ Digso1-Bl,1l..e,
unhc,1lth.' Kl'ri. hrx:kt>v and ludo ,1\
P: lndeed, you c,1n't. And it ccrtainly wh,11 do vou think? \\lould we IX' cverv school!
m,1kcs tlw luc.11 a rea .l bcncr place to bcttcr .11 minnri1y 1x,rls if wc spcnt
1..: Ahlu1elv. it\ re.11\y imxm,mt 1h.11
live. d('Sn'1 it? more monC'\ on them!
l..id, gct lhe d1.1nn' 10 l'XJX'ri(n1 l'
: Mm-hm. Urh.1n w,1s1cl,md ;ireJs 1: To be honcsl, r \\,1S ,1 liulc surprised
differcnt sport<; from .1n e,1rl\ ,1ge. l
rc,1lly ruin ,lll\ locill arc,1 - th(.')' m,1kc whm 1 ..m this lett<r, bcc,1usc
w,1s re,1111 lu<.k} hL'L,lllS<' 1 went to
lh< wholc pi.ice ecl run-do-..,n and wc've a(!u.:ill bt'('n ! Wl'51ing a 101 ,l ch<x.1111-herC' we did hocl..c}. ancl
.,nufft o( moncy in rninori!\ SfX)rtS \'l.'
cncmg ,ind .irchcr;. hut 11011,id.i,s.
r: Fx.1,1 I}'- So, wh.:it ,ibout thc othcr 1he l.1s1 C\I \C,lr lat \e,u, fur m't k1ds ,uen"t so lucky. ,\\<)<;1
pomts on thc guidcl 1nC'S? Toe projt..'CI cxample, IO million \\,,, ,;pent on
,;)\'><; ,, problC'm, doesn't ir? Gcuing new !Jci/itics around tht coun!(}

AUOIOSCRIPTS 163
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

c.thool\ [ust roncentratc on the samc importan! tor ,ou, l lhinl.. ,ou hould JllS\\Cf .. (OfTC'CI, m.11..e ,1 gu<....... ,ou
onc or two, ,nu k now, c:x,tb.:iJL ti) rugl>1 ur perh,lfl" 11hi1e-11atC'r m1ght be nght. IJon "1 lt",lH' ,ln\ gap.
b,l';;I..Prhall. r,1tting. AllSlll'rl'\l'\ CJUl""-1100 .
n: Ok, htrc' anothcr omal trom G,1rt>th .\: ReJlh \\ell lh onl} "Prt I pla1 '" Thell:' ,lr(' ,11'-CJ (JU<."'-11011\ th.Jf .)!,. \OU
in C.udit. He 1,c.: 'In Brilain, \\(' iotbJII ,md 110\c th,11. to \\ rit( 1.<1mtthinp,. ,O\, IC't me .iI,.
thlnk ... ,1: \\ell, that'<; ,1 (Ornpel!l1\<' tc,1m sport, \OU a qu{"'tlOn. Let, 1m.1ginl' \OU f('
i,n't it? doing a pit'<.c 01 1Hrtmc, man C''\,101.
A: Th.it's true. Is ll a good 1dC',l lo do ,1 drait. th,ll'>
lesson 12.3 Track 2.34 ,1: And ha,e ,ou l'\l'f tned Jch.enlurc
rt,r
,1 irsl COJ)I, and th('n makc ,1 1in,1I
f>r \l,mnit. \le,
top,?
\\: \\el! \le>., thanks ,1g.1m or
,lWling to \,11..e part in this resoarch.
A: ' t h,11 l-'11't, bot I thinl.. [ d lil..e ttl \Ji,.-U: \es. 11hml.. <ill.
lr1 11hite-,,.JIC'T rafting. 11 lool..s fun. L: \\di. .Jtlu,1lh no.1 thml.. th1'> 1,1
The in ten 1c,, s1,ir1c. wrth ,1 vhort ,1: \\'ell ,,e; t \>.Jid I thinl,. it ,,uu!d ,;uit 1\,1-tc o tinx. In m, l'\fl('rtCfl<.c
qucsnconarc. and rhcn ,,t'I! \OUT )>l'r<;Onalil\ lht'fl' ,ilmo"I no cffcreoce tx.'l\\('('O
t.111.. norC' about vour persono! the clr,lll ,md thl' inal piete 01
vqx-noncc.
A: Ok.
lesson 12.4 Track 2.37 ,1ritmg. And il u,u.1f t..il..t..... teo
minutes ur more 10 l'I\ nlc>. 11 .. mue h
M: RighL IH'!I, hcrc's thc firvt qucstion: li.'CIIIWf, $1t1dt.nll
t: oi,., l'\ffirn"lC'. Th,11\ 11 tor thi-. }ear. be11er to spcfld 1ha1 time thinl..mg 01
h ,ou h,1d tu do an C',,1m ne,111('('1,.
1dc,1. or pl.innlng ,nur \\orl...
woulrt vou hope ,ou\< enj<M'<l the !OUN:.' ,md
1: Bu! <.0nximt..., \\L' m,11...P nu,t.il..("'
A work \\l!h fril'ndc. in .1 stucl\ group fed th,11 ,ou ,e !c.1mcd J lot. l lcrc's a
and \\l' n(ffl lo th,1ngc <.e>nlCthin or
and prep,m' wlth thcme littlc h,mckmt 1\ith ,;orne fIY. on hO\\
cross "Olnething out.
B 1,orl.. \\ ith friends and stucf,, on !o prt..'t),.1rt> ior thC' c>.am. lkiore \\C t: \c.. th.11' oi,.,. A11C'f ,11! 11-. ,m
\OUf 0\1 n! lool.. ,11 that. l.ln l ,1lso llX'lltion ,1 t'I\
cxam. \ou'rc out ci..x.'<..tcd to
n onl) studv en vour U\\n! gmeral pom1c. aboul drnng C'\Jm<,? \\flll' .i lx.autriul-loo'-im.t plcx.c 01
A' \\ell ... that'< .1 duflcult one ... 1 h,11e fir-.1 of .ill. 11hcn 1otl're rl'\bing. \\nlm. The import,ml thlng i th,11
studtcd on m, O\Vn tor e,.1ms bcfcre. don'! do lots and lo!-. 01 pr,1rti<.c 1!'s clc.Jr. Onc final thin11 tOO<.l'rll"
but for m1 lavt oncslworkcd tcs1-.. O c.our'>(', it', good to do llming. Dorft :.pend loo Ion on
m ,1 tuch group, you know, 111th m, onu practit t tC'St hut, .ifter a one qu<"'tion. Ir ,ou t.m t ,m5\H' J
Iriends. ,md 1111..ed that. ccrt,1in JXlint, \OU don't lc,1m question. go c>n to the ne>\! ollt ,m<l
M: So, whhh woukl you do?,\, B or (? dO\ lhing nc\\. lt"" better to "jlC'nd llmt' h..1cl,. to it l,1IC'T i1 \OU h.J\l'
A: Right ... o-m, ler me cec ... 1 think l'd thc time 1mprmmg \our genPral IIITll'. OK. ,,ould ,ou lil,.e tn ,1::,I,.
do B, ,1 bit ni hoth. lc\e! o Fnglish b\ rl'.lding btxil,. .1m1hing?
M: oi,.,, ..ind rhc nC',1 qucson: Ilou .md nC'I\ "P.llX'rs, b \\ ,1tching ,1 film SJ: \es Gm \\ e U!,l' dktion.m<"'?
h..id ,1 tcnnc garne 1, ith ,1 tricnd, in English. or b\ ju,1 doing sorne 1; ,,o, \OU c,1n'1. Ami, ,1<.tualh that\
would ou ... wammar sdr-studl. Rcsc.iflh -.h0\1 thJt tu<k.'llb
\ tram h.ird bctorc in order 10 11 in
$(.'(ondh. m.il..c urC' ,ou'rt, not t1rcd II ho CJn u-<' d1t1ion.ir1C"\ m C'\Jm,
1hC' m.1tlh? 11,l'>lt. ,1 lot 01 timc lool..lng up \\Od'>
on lht' da, or thc l''\.Jm. Don't go to
11 prartier- ,1 little and do vour lx!? that tht'\ don't TC'alh O('('(! to lool,. up.
,1 p,1rt\ the nih! IX'ore. ,1nd don'!
U ter 1our triend ,,in? lt ,1m1inx ,oo cJn u...._, ,1 die tion.1r1 in
q,1 up untit !hrl'C' m thc morning
A: \\di. 1 don't plav tcnnv, ,1n C'i..,1m. l\ not to use il loo much.
re\ i">ing. 'tou n('('fl to bC' !rt"'h c.o 1h.1t
": 1 undcrctand, but ilou did, 1,h.11 ,ou tan 1h1nl.. quKU\ 1n lhl' C',.im. Juc.f dwcl,. OllC' Of 1110 l..l'\ \\Od<..
1,ould vcv do? Right. ,, ell. gnod lucl... l hopt to !,l,."t'
A: Ot... thcn l'rl do A -1 hate \0<;ing. Thirdh. don't be l,1tc 1or tht C''\Jm.
lt S<.'C'm<. olJ\iou, dCX'5n't it1 Rut l.ic.l <iOnl(' Ot \OU dSJln 11{''\f \l'.lr ...
M: Fine. l\nd linJII\: lhou could buv
,lJl\ ear \OU wcnrcd. \\ould \OU ,car one ,tu<lcnt 1,,1s (\\O m,nut("'
hu, ... l,11c .mrl he\\ .i,n, ,111011 ed into thC' Track 2.38

Al .i tast sports car, likr- .1 FNrari? C\alll room. Tlu:, ..en\ h1m J\\J\ ...
lnlt-f\lC'I\Cr Jt,nm, Bl'lh.1111 \/,m. '\,1hil
R1gh1. nm,. once ,ou re in thc c,,1m
n. ,1 cl.hic rar. hkc a Rol!s Ro)l('?
1,h,1! thc mo<;t importan! !hing? 1: 1 li l'm lrom thc uoiH'f<'il, rJclio. C"an
(.. \ ,l rcliahh- car, Jil..e a Honda!
1: L<.<.' corrC'C..I Eng!ih? l a,k ,ou 11ha1 ,ou 1hough1.1bou11h.1t
,\: t hnm, lt! me think ... wctl. to be (''\Jm?
t: \\el!. de,uh, lh,11" importan!, bu1 thl..
hnnc-t. 1 d hu, J Fonarl. l'd lovc to 1: Oh, 1 thought 11 \\,l prl'tl\ h,1rd.
mo1 imJXlrtJn! thin rs ... ckl C'\,Kll1
havo cuc h ,l ,1q (.U
,,TI.i! 1he C'\Jnl ,1,l,.c. ,ou to do. FollO\\ ,1tlu.1lh. hui 1 UPIXR' 1 ,e onl,
.,1: Ok. 11ell. thank \OU for 1h,11, ,md fur ..'O!. mRl 10 bl.1mc. J rlidn Id.,
the Hblruttion Oll tht t,,m1 p.:iper.
111,,,cring honl"'tl,. \\ould ,ou lih
\ \,11..e surc> \ ou undC'r,t.md ,,hat the cnuugh rl'\ is1un 1 t.1rtl'd it too
ro l..no\\ ,, hat I our ansc, er; mt,m? qucstion .Jf(' .i-.1..ing ,ou to do. Re.id late. t t.ouldn t rcmeml)('T much, <.e1
11: )e_><;, 1 would. Can \ou tell me ml\1? thl' qucst,on, 11,0 or thrt-e 11m1. I l ouldn I ck> mam 01 the qlJC'<J.ion,.
,,: Surc, le1\ <.<."t'. \ou lhoc.e B ior IX'iort \OU <.!Jrl. ,e,! time. l'm gum to 00 mofr
rho 11r<.,! question. so vou'rc quite re\ 1c.1on Jnd 1n..1l..t ,l rC'I 1-,ion
Sume 01 thl' question Jrc multiplc-
<ocrable. You chose A tor thc sccond tilllt'!Jhlt.
thoice que-.tion Jnd \OU h,l\C' to
ene. se ,ou'r<' \CI) competiuvc. 0
1: t li. \\l' tl' m,11..mg J progrJmrne 1or
t hoo-.c one ,10"\\l'f rrom .1, b, e or
in,1111, vou ,,ould bu, rhc Fcrrart. d. F1rt 01 al[ dec.1de 11h1ch Onl's thc urn, ('f<.11\ radio. \ \ hat did )OU
This "hm, vou an- happ\ to 1,11,.(' 1nu thinl.. ,lrf' rll'linitth 1Hong ,1nd thinl.. oi th.:it l'\,1m?
ri,l..s. From the..i. Jf\\t'r", 1 thmk lU"" lhem out. Thcn thoosc irnm 11: \\di. it \\,ht.., hui I d1rln t hJ\t'
,ou ,,ould Jil..< 1<\lm spon", and. the olhC'r<;. 11 ,ou doo'! l..no,, ,,hich enough tirTll' lo fmh the la,t
a u1mpeti1ion .mtl ri,I,. Jr( H"rl lJUCSlion - hui ,11 lcal 1 \\ rol<' do\\ n

1<>1 AUDIOSCRIPTS
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

sorne notes aboct nl} tdc,rs for that 8: LOC>k, "h, don't l find out about
qucstion. 1 might srl! gct ,1 few rnarks sorne c,impsircs in 1he are.ir
1or that. 1: Thar rc,1llv nicc o ,ou, hui ha,e
1: Excuse me. how do you think vou drd rou gol cnough trmc ior th,11r
tn thar cvam! 1:1: Ycah, no problcm. 11,,mt to check
A: Oh, 1 think 1'11 pass ir. but I rc,1lly out sorne othcr things on the lntcmcl
mcsscd up onc qucstloo. 11 was .m .inyw,11 ..
PSf..lY about womrn and <port. end.
wcJI, ! thought ! had J lot ni ideas so Track 2.40
I jusi startcd wriling- l dldn't hother
to rnakc a plan. And that was a hig Tutor, Sruclent
rnistake. l l.1lfw.t) lhruugh, 1 didn'r 1: You 11.1nted .1 mrtling ne.xt week
know what to sav. 1 gol confuscd and.
,1bout }OUr procct. didn'I vou
s: Th,1t's right.
well. l tred to start ,1g,1in, but it was
T: OK. lct's Ir) to Jrr,1ngc one. Let me
too l.no. Next trmc 1'11 rnake surc I
<;(.'<' 1 can do Tuc"'d,w .-it 11.00.
rrukc J plan. even if 1 think l've got
\ots uf idc., ... s: Frm, l'm in k'(.ltJr('<; ,111 d,1yTut'SCl,iy,
1: 1 tcllo, can I JUSI ,,.,k vchether the t'm .1fr,1id. \Vh,11 ,11.)()UI \ VcdnOO.-iy
exam w,,._
OK at 9.00?
... : vcah, sun-, 1t w,l!> fine, reJII}. Onc 1: No, l'm not planning lo come m 1111
quesuon was a hi1 difficult - it was 11.00 on \Vl'<incsd,11. You couldn't
about drcrcnr pcrsonaln, tvpes and do straight atcr lunch, could vou,
I drdn't bavo verv 111.i11\ idt,1!>. Rul, s.1 2.00?
I rcmombcrcd m lccturcr's advicc. s: \\'di. 1 coutd, bu1 for only h,1li .-in
,md madc surc that I g,wc a lo! of !mur. l'm going to thc dcntist ,1l
l'\ampk"' ior cech rdca. So, in tho l.JO.
cnd, m, ,ms,, cr ,,,1sn't loo shon. And r: 1 think 1,c'II nrt'Ci more 1han ha!f ,m

tho othcr qucsons wcrc prouv l':tS}', hour, ,1lxiut an hour, l'cl s.w. l'm free
all da, rrida,.
so voah. 1 rockon t'vo done wcll.
s: Mmm, l'm tking thc 1030 !rain
home on Frida,, for the "cd,encl.
Review Units 10-12 Track 2.39 Nine isn't too earlv, is it!
Bl'n, Ptnm 1: \\'cll, ro 1<'11 thc> truth, ,t.-s. 11 takt'S
R: T.1lkng o holidays, are you going me O\ cr ,m hour to gel hcrc. You
to thc dragnn boat festiva! ogctn this ,lfC'n't hu\ on Thur,;d,w atemoon,
} l',1r? ,1rc ,ou?
e: 1 don't knm,. lt's too for ior a = No.'wcll, not until 4.00.
weekend ;md lames i rcallv busv at 1: \<Vcll, 11 h,1t .,buut l.00 on Thursdav
work. Ho ahout you? thcn?
B: Y. \\ e hookcd li't1 WL>Ck. \ Ve s: Yes, ihat's fine, th,mk.<..
L'njowd it <.O much l.11 vear, \Ve'rc
lea, ing l',lrh and stupp'ng off to SCf'
m} parcnrs on thc W.1\.
r; Oh, th,11 .1 good idea. wherc are
you 1.1, ing 111 \l,mcouvcr?
o: \ \'e\ e bool..ed J hotel nmr thc
festi,al. lt looks quite good.
r: Mmm. 1 don't think wc c,m .ifford
,1 hotel this voar. \\'l' havcn't got
enough sporc nmnC} ,11 the momcnt.
\Vhat' the ontcrtatnmem going to be
like? 1 rncan. do you know anvthing
abour thc b,1nds?
e: Yc,1h, hut onlv th,11 scvcrnl b,rn<l are
coming from south-cast Asi,1.
P: Oh. that sounds good. 1 lovc Asian
rnu,c. 1 don't knov, ... if 11c wcnt
thrs yt.ir, wc'd h,we to be \CI"\
t,1rl'ful ,, ith mone1.
8: H,11'l' vou thought abuut c.imping?
Your kids 11ould lave it.
P: You kno11. th,1t's J rcallv good idc,1.
Yes. i \\C c,1mped, tht'n \\ e muid
take Ollf own foocl trx,, o it would
he ,, lot chc,11xr.

-\l:DlOS( RIPT 165

 IRREGULAR VERB LIST

:.!nd Form I hd Form lnd f orm lrd fnrm

lnfinitive W.i,;t Simpll') (Past Parti<1pltl lnfiniliVl' iPasl S1mplt) !Pa .. t Parlidple)

be was/were bccn leave lct lct

become beca me lx.'Comc lct lct let

bcgin began bcgun lose lost lost
break broke broken make madc madc
bring broughl brought mean meant mean!
build built buill mee\ met met
buy bought bought pay paid patd
can could been ahte put put put
catch caught <..iught rcad /ri:cl/ rcad /red/ read /red/
choose e hose ch osen ridc rodc ridden
come carne come ring rang rung
casi cost cost run ran run
dig dug dug sav said said
do did done seo saw soon
dmw drcw drawn scll sold sold
drink drank drunk scnd scm scnt
drivc drovc drivcn shinc shonc shcne
cal ate eatcn show showed shown
fall foil fallen sing sang sung
fccd fccl fcd sil 11 sal
fccl fell felt sleep slept slept
find ound found speak spokc spoken
ly flcw flown spend spent spent
forgct Iorgot orgotten stand stood stood
get got got stcal stolc stolcn
give gavc glvcn swim swam swum

go \\..COl gone/been takc took takcn

grow grcw grown tcach taught taught
havc had had tell told told

hcar heard hcard think thought thought

hold hcld hcld throw threw thrown
hurl hurt hurl undersland understood undcrstood
kccp kcpt kcpt wcar worc worn

know know known win won won

lcam learnccUlcarnt learned/learnt write wrote writtcn

166 Al!l>IO",l lW'J",

 PHONETIC CHARTS

Sound-spelling correspondences Suund Sptlhng hamples

In En.ili<;h, wc can spcll thc samc sound in rlifferent this listen
,,ar, for cxamplo. thc sounrl {l;/ can be reo', as in y gym typical
.rc'ln, 'ca' as in fPdd or 'e)' as in ey. Studcnts of
English somcnrncs find English spclling diff.ult, hui
thcrc are rules ami knowing thu rules can help you.
"' u;
e
build
prClt)
guitar

ce green sleep
Thc chan helow glvcs )OU thc more common spelling,; ;e niece bcllcvc
of rhc English sounds vou hove studicd in this 1)0()1... ea rcad teacher
/i:/ e tbese complete
ey kcy moncy
e; rcccipt rcceivc
police
English phonemes
/re/ a can man pasta land
Consonanls a can't dance'
----- . -
a, scari bargntn
Symhol Example Svmhol hamplt
/o:/ al half
p park scll au
bnh
' zoo
ca
aunl laugh
hcart
h
'
u
tic
die
J frcsh
meas u re
,,, u
o
ou
fon sunny husband
sorne mothcr monlh
cousm double young
'
hot o hor pocket top
'
g
C,1t

glve
h

m mine
/o/
a watch what wanr
or short sport stcrc
J church n not ou you, course boughr
judgc sing au daughter laught
al
"'r fcw "
1 lot
/:i:/
aw
a,
hald small always
draw jigsaw
wardon warm
V vicw r road 00 loor mdoor
o throw j yellow
likf' linw i,;l,md
o thcy w warm y d,y Sh) cyclc
;e fric><: re tic
Vowels
--- - -- . /.u/ igh light high right
Symbol Examph- Svmhol h.implt e; hcight
i: feet gold ey C)'C'S
"" auy huy
lake hatc ShJ\.C
fil
' hy a; \\ ait rran stra1ht
e hecl au hrown ay play say l.l)
/,:1/ ey
ban hoy
thcy grl')' obey
"'
o. bath
" here
e;
ea
l'ighl v.cigh1
break
'"
e, o
n bottlc hair home cold open
o: bought sure OW show throw own
u book
'" '
Cl:'.1 player coat road CO..lSI

ln American (nglih th sound in words lil.l' .m'I ,1nd cl,111n is

u: boot ooo lower thc a: wund, like <.oln ,1nd m,m.

bul uro ti red

,', bird l.10,") flower

brother :,m cmployer

"e, grey happy
Al!DIO..,( RIPJ', 167