10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 3 - Forces Part One

FreeBodyDiagramsandNewton'sLaws

WhensolvingproblemsinvolvingforcesandNewton'slaws,thefollowingsummaryofthingstodowillstartyourmindthinking
aboutgettinginvolvedintheproblemathand.

ProblemSolving:FreeBodyDiagramsandNewton'sLaws

1.Drawasketchofthesituation.
2.Consideronlyoneobject(atatime),anddrawafreebodydiagramforthatbody,showingalltheforcesactingon
thatbody.Donotshowanyforcesthatthebodyexertsonotherbodies.Ifseveralbodiesareinvolved,drawafree
bodydiagramforeachbodyseparately,showingalltheforcesactingonthatbody.
3.Newton'ssecondlawinvolvesvectors,anditisusuallyimportanttoresolvevectorsintocomponents.Chooseanx
andyaxisinawaythatsimplifiesthecalculation.
4.Foreachbody,Newton'ssecondlawcanbeappliedtothexandycomponentsseparately.Thatisthexcomponent
ofthenetforceonthatbodywillberelatedtothexcomponentofthatbody'sacceleration:Fx = max ,and
similarlyfortheydirection.
5.Solvetheequationorequationsfortheunknown(s).

Applythesesteps
UsethestepsoutlinedabovetofindthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationaofachairandthemagnitudeofthenormalforceFN
actingonthechair:Yusefpushesachairofmassm=45.0kgacrossacarpetedfloorwithaforceF p (thesubscript'p'hereis
lowercaseandthroughoutthequestion)ofmagnitudeFp =152Ndirectedat=35.0degreesbelowthehorizontal.The
magnitudeofthekineticfrictionalforcebetweenthecarpetandthe
chairisFk =89.9N.

PartA
Identifyandsketchalltheexternalforcesactingonthechair.Becausethechaircanberepresentedasapointparticleof
massm,drawtheforceswiththeirtailscenteredontheblackdotinthemiddleofthechair.Becertaintodrawyourforces
sothattheyhavethecorrectorientation.
Drawthevectorsstartingattheblackdot.Thelocationandorientationofthevectorswillbegraded.Thelengthof
thevectorswillnotbegraded.
ANSWER:

Typesettingmath:100%

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Correct

PartB
Whichsetofcoordinateaxesisthemostconvenienttouseinthisproblem?

Hint1.Determinethedirectionoftheacceleration
Indicatethedirectionofthechair'saccelerationaonthefigurebelow.
Theorientationofthevectorwillbegraded.Thelocationandlengthofthevectorwillnotbegraded.
ANSWER:

Typesettingmath:100%

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ANSWER:

Typesettingmath:100%

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10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 3 - Forces Part One

Correct
Nowthatyouhaveselectedacoordinatesystem,youshouldresolvetheforcesintoxandycomponentssothatyou
canapplyNewton'ssecondlawtoeachcoordinatedirectionindependently.

PartC
UsethecomponentformofNewton'ssecondlawtowriteanexpressionforthexcomponentofthenetforce,Fx .
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariables:FG ,FN ,Fp ,,andFk .

Hint1.Findthexcomponentofthepushingforce

WhatisFpx ,thexcomponentoftheforceF p exertedbyYusef?

ExpressyouranswerintermsofthevariablesFp and.

Hint1.Rightangletriangletrigonometry
Keepinmindthatthecosineofanangleisdefinedasthelengthoftheadjacentlegdividedbythelengthof
thehypoteneuse.Thesineofanangleisthelengthoftheoppositelegdividedbythelengthofthe

hypoteneuse.ApplythesedefinitionstothetriangleformedbyF p ,,Fpx ,andFpy .
Typesettingmath:100%

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10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 3 - Forces Part One

ANSWER:

F px = F p cos()

ANSWER:

F x = F p cos() F k = max

Correct

PartD
UsethecomponentformofNewton'ssecondlawtowriteanexpressionfortheycomponentofthenetforce,Fy .

Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariables:FG ,FN ,Fp ,,andFk .

Hint1.Findtheycomponentofthepushingforce

WhatisFpy ,theycomponentoftheforceF p exertedbyYusef?

ExpressyouranswerintermsofthevariablesFp and.

Hint1.Rightangletriangletrigonometry
Keepinmindthatthecosineofanangleisdefinedasthelengthoftheadjacentlegdividedbythelengthof
thehypoteneuse.Thesineofanangleisthelengthoftheoppositelegdividedbythelengthofthe
hypoteneuse.ApplythesedefinitionstothetriangleformedbyF p ,,Fpx ,andFpy .

Typesettingmath:100%
ANSWER:

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10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 3 - Forces Part One

F py = F p sin()

ANSWER:

F y = F N + (F p sin()) F G = may

Correct
Youhavecreatedtwoequationsthatdescribethemotionofthechair:
F x = F p cos F k = max

and

F y = F N F G F p sin = may

SolvetheseequationstofindFN anda.

PartE
Whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationaofthechair?WhatisthemagnitudeofthenormalforceFN actingonthechair?

Expressyouranswers,separatedbyacomma,inmeterspersecondsquaredandnewtonstothreesignificant
figures.

Hint1.Findthecomponentoftheaccelerationintheydirection
Thechaironlymovesinthepostivexdirection.Whatisay ?

Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondsquared.

ANSWER:

ay = 0 m/s2

Hint2.Findtheweightofthechair
Whatistheweightofthechair?
Expresstheweightinnewtonstothreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Anequationforweight
Recallthattheweightofanobjectofmassmisgivenbymg,where9.81m/s2 istheaccelerationdueto
gravity.

ANSWER:

FG = 441 N

Typesettingmath:100%

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10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 3 - Forces Part One
ANSWER:

a FN, = 0.769,529 m/s2 ,N

AnswerRequested
Afreebodydiagramisausefulwaytobeginallproblemsinvolvingforces.Thisdrawingwillhelpyoutoeasilyidentify
themostappropriatecoordinateaxesandtoresolveany2dimensionalvectorsintocomponents.Thenyoucanapply
Newton'ssecondlawtoeachcoordinatedirectiontosetupequationswhichwillallowyoutosolveforanyunknown
quantities.

Typesettingmath:100%

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