ByMr.

AdelAlHamedi Tel:00966/563923744

CCNA
Command
Guide
By Mr. Adel Al-Hamedi
Riyadh, KSA
Tel: 00966563923744

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Cisco Devices
TCP/IP Version 4
How to Subnet
Class AE Addresses

Converting Between Decimal Numbers and Binary

VLSM
VLSM Example
A Class C network192.168.100.0/24is assigned. You need to create an IP plan for this network using VLSM.
Sample Network Needing a VLSM Address Plan

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Route Summarization
Example for Understanding Route Summarization
Four-City Network with Complete Route Summarization

Introduction to Cisco Devices

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Cables and Connections

Connecting a Rollover Cable to Your Router or Switch
Rollover Cable Connections

Terminal Settings
PC Settings to Connect to a Router or Switch

LAN Connections
LAN Connections

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Serial Cable Types

Serial Cable (2500)

Smart Serial Cable (1700, 1800, 2600, 2800)

V.35 DTE and DCE Cables

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USB-to-Serial Connector for Laptops

Which Cable to Use?

Determining Which Cables to Use When Wiring Devices Together

The Command-Line Interface

Shortcuts for Entering Commands

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Using the [tab] Key to Complete Commands

Using the Question Mark for Help

enable Command

exit Command

disable Command

logout Command

Setup Mode

Keyboard Help

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show Commands

Configuring a Router
Configuring a Single Cisco Router
Router Modes

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Entering Global Configuration Mode

Configuring a Router Name

Configuring Passwords

Password Encryption

Configuring a Serial Interface

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Configuring a Fast Ethernet Interface

Creating a Message-of-the-Day Banner

Creating a Login Banner

Setting the Clock Time Zone

Assigning a Local Host Name to an IP Address

The no ip domain-lookup Command

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The logging synchronous Command

The exec-timeout Command

Saving Configurations

Erasing Configurations

show Commands

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EXEC Commands in Configuration Mode: The do Command

Configuration Example: Basic Router Configuration

Boston Router

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Routing
Static Routing
Configuring a Static Route on a Router

Static Routes and Administrative Distance (Optional)
Router(config)#ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 permanent
Router(config)#ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 200

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Configuring a Default Route on a Router

Verifying Static Routes
Router#show ip route
Configuration Example: Static Routes

Boston Router

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Buffalo Router

Bangor Router

RIP
The ip classless Command

RIP Routing: Mandatory Commands

RIP Routing: Optional Commands

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Troubleshooting RIP Issues

Configuration Example: RIPv2 Routing

Cancun Router

Acapulco Router

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Mazatlan Router

EIGRP
Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

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EIGRP Auto-Summarization

Load Balancing: variance

Bandwidth Use

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Authentication

Verifying EIGRP

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Troubleshooting EIGRP

Configuration Example: EIGRP

Austin Router

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Houston Router

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Single Area OSPF
Configuring OSPF: Mandatory Commands

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Using Wildcard Masks with OSPF Areas

Configuring OSPF: Optional Commands
Loopback Interfaces

Router ID

DR/BDR Elections

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Modifying Cost Metrics

Authentication: Simple

Authentication: Using MD5 Encryption

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Timers

Propagating a Default Route

Verifying OSPF Configuration

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Troubleshooting OSPF

Configuration Example: Single Area OSPF

Austin Router

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Houston Router

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Galveston Router

Switching
Configuring a Switch
Help Commands

Command Modes

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Verifying Commands

Resetting Switch Configuration

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Setting Host Names

Setting Passwords

Setting IP Addresses and Default Gateways

Setting Interface Descriptions

Setting Duplex Operation

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Setting Operation Speed

Managing the MAC Address Table

Configuring Static MAC Addresses

Switch Port Security

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Verifying Switch Port Security

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Sticky MAC Addresses

Configuration Example

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VLANs
Creating Static VLANs
Using VLAN Configuration Mode

Using VLAN Database Mode

Assigning Ports to VLANs

Using the range Command

Verifying VLAN Information

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Saving VLAN Configurations
Erasing VLAN Configurations

Configuration Example: VLANs

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VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Routing
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)

Setting the Encapsulation Type

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VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)

Using VLAN Database Mode

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Verifying VTP

Inter-VLAN Communication Using an External Router:
Router-on-a-Stick

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Inter-VLAN Communication Tips
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 1 native
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/0.10
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Configuration Example: Inter-VLAN Communication

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ISP Router

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CORP Router

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L2Switch1 (Catalyst 2960)

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STP and EtherChannel
Spanning Tree Protocol
Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol

Configuring the Root Switch

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Configuring a Secondary Root Switch

Configuring Port Priority

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Configuring the Path Cost

Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN

Configuring STP Timers

Verifying STP

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Optional STP Configurations
PortFast

BPDU Guard

Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode
Different types of spanning tree can be configured on a Cisco switch. The options vary
according to the platform:

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Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)There is one instance of spanning tree for each
VLAN. This is a Cisco proprietary protocol.
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+)Also Cisco proprietary. Has added
extensions to the PVST protocol.
Rapid PVST+This mode is the same as PVST+ except that it uses a rapid
convergence based on the 802.1w standard.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)IEEE 802.1s. Extends the 802.1w
Rapid Spanning Tree (RST) algorithm to multiple spanning trees. Multiple VLANs
can map to a single instance of RST. You cannot run MSTP and PVST at the same
time.

Extended System ID

Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree

Troubleshooting Spanning Tree

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Configuration Example: STP

Core Switch (2960)

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Distribution 1 Switch (2960)

Distribution 2 Switch (2960)

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EtherChannel
EtherChannel provides fault-tolerant, high-speed links between switches, routers, and
servers. An EtherChannel consists of individual Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet links
bundled into a single logical link. If a link within an EtherChannel fails, traffic previously
carried over that failed link changes to the remaining links within the EtherChannel.
Interface Modes in EtherChannel

Guidelines for Configuring EtherChannel
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel

Verifying EtherChannel

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Configuration Example: EtherChannel

Core (2960)

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ALSwitch1 (2960)

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ALSwitch2 (2960)

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Extending the LAN
Implementing a Wireless LAN
Wireless Access Point Configuration: Linksys 300N Access Point
GUI Setup Wizard

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License Agreement

Unplugging Power to the Modem

Disconnecting the Modem from the Computer

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Connect the Modem to the Router

Connect the Power to the Modem

Connect the Router to a Computer

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Connect the Router to a Computer

Power on the Router

Check the Routers Status

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Checking Your Computers Settings

Configure Cable or DHCP Settings

Set the Routers Administrative Password

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Wireless Settings

Configure Wireless Security Settings (Optional)

Confirm New Settings

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Option to Install Norton Internet Security

End of Wizard

Username/Password Challenge

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Main Screen of Web-Based Management Utility

Web-Based Management Utility Menu Bar

Wireless Client Configuration: Linksys Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
GUI Setup Wizard

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License Agreement

Software Installation

Connecting the Adapter

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Found New Hardware Wizard

Found New Hardware Wizard Second Screen

Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard

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Creating a Profile: Available Wireless Networks

Security Warning

Security Connection

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Congratulations: End of Wizard

Link Information

Connect Screen

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Profiles Screen

Wireless Network Connection Status

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Network Administration and Troubleshooting
Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and Configurations
Boot System Commands

The Cisco IOS File System

Backing Up Configurations to a TFTP Server

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Restoring Configurations from a TFTP Server

Backing Up the Cisco IOS Software to a TFTP Server

Restoring/Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software from a TFTP Server
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Restoring the Cisco IOS Software from ROM Monitor Mode Using Xmodem

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Finding the Cisco IOS Software Image File

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Sending the Cisco IOS Software Image File to the Router

Restoring the Cisco IOS Software Using the ROM Monitor Environmental Variables and tftpdnld Command

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Password-Recovery Procedures and the Configuration Register

The Configuration Register

A Visual Representation
The configuration register is a 16-bit field stored in NVRAM. The bits are numbered
from 15 to 0 looking at the bit stream from left to right. Bits are split up into groups
of 4, and each group is represented by a hexadecimal digit.

What the Bits Mean

The Boot Field

Console Terminal Baud Rate Settings

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Changing the Console Line Speed: CLI

Changing the Console Line Speed: ROM Monitor Mode

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Password-Recovery Procedures for Cisco Routers

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Password Recovery for 2960 Series Switches

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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Cisco Discovery Protocol

Telnet and SSH
Using Telnet to Remotely Connect to Other Devices

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Any of the preceding commands lead to the following configuration sequence:

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Configuring the Secure Shell Protocol (SSH)

The ping and traceroute Commands
ICMP Redirect Messages

The ping Command

The following table describes the possible ping output characters.

Examples of Using the ping and the Extended ping Commands

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The traceroute Command

SNMP and Syslog
Configuring SNMP

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Configuring Syslog

There are eight levels of severity in logging messages, as follows:

Basic Troubleshooting
Viewing the Routing Table

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Determining the Gateway of Last Resort

Determining the Last Routing Update

OSI Layer 3 Testing

OSI Layer 7 Testing

Interpreting the show interface Command

Clearing Interface Counters

Using CDP to Troubleshoot
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The traceroute Command

The show controllers Command

debug Commands

Using Time Stamps

Operating System IP Verification Commands
ipconfig (Windows 2000/XP):
Click Start > Run > Command > ipconfig or
ipconfig/all.
winipcfg (Windows 95/98/Me):
Click Start > Run > winipcfg.
ifconfig (Mac/Linux):
#ifconfig
The ip http server Command

The netstat Command

Managing IP Services
Network Address Translation
Private IP Addresses: RFC 1918

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Configuring Dynamic NAT: One Private to One Public Address Translation

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Configuring PAT: Many Private to One Public Address Translation

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Configuring Static NAT: One Private to One Permanent Public Address Translation

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Verifying NAT and PAT Configurations

Troubleshooting NAT and PAT Configurations

Configuration Example: PAT
Port Address Translation Configuration

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ISP Router

Company Router

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DHCP
Configuring DHCP

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Verifying and Troubleshooting DHCP Configuration

Configuring a DHCP Helper Address

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DHCP Client on a Cisco IOS Software Ethernet Interface

Configuration Example: DHCP
Network Topology for DHCP Configuration

Edmonton Router

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Gibbons Router

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IPv6
Assigning IPv6 Addresses to Interfaces

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IPv6 and RIPng

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Configuration Example: IPv6 RIP

Network Topology for IPv6/RIPng Configuration Example

Austin Router

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Houston Router

IPv6 Tunnels: Manual Overlay Tunnel
illustrates the network topology for the configuration that follows, which shows how IPv6 tunnels are created.

Juneau Router

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Fairbanks Router

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Static Routes in IPv6
Network Topology for IPv6 Static Route Configuration

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Floating Static Routes in IPv6
Austin(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:c18:3::/64 fastethernet 0/0 200
Verifying and Troubleshooting IPv6

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IPv6 Ping
Router#ping ipv6 2001:db8::3/64

WANs
HDLC and PPP
Configuring HDLC Encapsulation on a Serial Line

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Mandatory Commands)

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Compression

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Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Link Quality

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Multilink

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Authentication

Verifying or Troubleshooting a Serial Link/PPP Encapsulation

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Configuration Example: PPP
Network Topology for PPP Configuration

Boston Router

Buffalo Router

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Frame Relay
Configuring Frame Relay
Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation Type

Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation LMI Type

Setting the Frame Relay DLCI Number

Configuring a Frame Relay map Statement

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Configuring a Description of the Interface (Optional)

Configuring Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces

Verifying Frame Relay

Troubleshooting Frame Relay

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Configuration Examples: Frame Relay
Frame Relay Network

Edmonton Router

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Winnipeg Router

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Calgary Router

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Network Security
IP Access Control List Security
Access List Numbers

ACL Keywords

Creating Standard ACLs

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Applying Standard ACLs to an Interface

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Verifying ACLs

Removing ACLs

Creating Extended ACLs

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Applying Extended ACLs to an Interface

The established Keyword (Optional)

Creating Named ACLs

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Using Sequence Numbers in Named ACLs

Removing Specific Lines in Named ACLs Using Sequence Numbers

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Including Comments About Entries in ACLs

Restricting Virtual Terminal Access

Configuration Examples: ACLs
Network Topology for ACL Configuration

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Example 1: Write an ACL that prevents the 10.0 network from accessing the 40.0 network but allows everyone else to.

Example 2: Write an ACL that states that 10.5 cannot access 50.7. Everyone else can.

Example 3: Write an ACL that states that 10.5 can Telnet to the Red Deer router. No one else can.

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Example 4: Write a named ACL that states that 20.163 can Telnet to 70.2. No one else from 20.0 can Telnet to 70.2. Any other host from any
other subnet can connect to 70.2 using anything that is available.

Example 5: Write an ACL that states that hosts 50.150.63 are not allowed web access to 80.16. Hosts 50.6450.254 are. Everyone can do
everything else.

Security Device Manager
Security Device Manager: Connecting with CLI

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Security Device Manager: Connecting with GUI

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Open your PCs Internet browser and enter the following command in the browsers address bar:
http://10.10.10.1
Connect to Router Challenge Window

HTTP or HTTPS

SDM Express Wizard with No CLI Preconfiguration
Welcome to the Cisco SDM Express Wizard

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Basic Configuration

Router Provisioning

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LAN Interface Configuration

DHCP Server Configuration

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WAN Configuration

Add Serial Connection

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Add Gigabit Ethernet Connection

Internet (WAN)Advanced Options

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Internet (WAN)Private IP Addresses

Add Address Translation Rule

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Security Configuration

Cisco SDM Express Configuration

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Reconnection Instructions

Loading Cisco SDM

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Cisco SDM Home Page

Resetting the Router to Factory Defaults Using SDM
Resetting the Router

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Relaunch SDM to Continue

SDM User Interfaces
Interfaces and Connections

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LAN Wizard

LAN Wizard

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LAN Wizard

LAN Wizard: IP Address and Subnet Mask

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LAN Wizard: DHCP Server

LAN Wizard: Summary

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Configuring Routing Using SDM
Routing

Add IP Static Route

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Edit IP Dynamic Routing

SDM Monitor Mode
SDM Monitor Mode

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Using SDM to Configure a Router to Act as a DHCP Server
Additional Tasks: DHCP

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Add DHCP Pool

Command Delivery Status

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DHCP Pool Status

Using SDM to Configure an Interface as a DHCP Client
Interfaces and Connections

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Welcome to the Ethernet WAN Configuration Wizard

Encapsulation

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IP Address

Authentication

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Summary

Connectivity Testing and Troubleshooting

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Test Connection Successful

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Using SDM to Configure NAT/PAT
NAT

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NAT Wizard

Sharing the Internet Connection

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Summary of the Configuration

What to Do If You Lose SDM Connectivity Because of an erase startup-config Command

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