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Material Balance Sheet

1. The document presents 11 material and energy balance problems involving chemical processes like distillation, mixing, vaporization, evaporation, crystallization, reaction, and combustion. The problems provide information on feed streams and product streams and ask the reader to calculate unknown flow rates, compositions, conversions, and other process parameters. 2. Problem 1 gives benzene-toluene feed and output stream compositions and asks the reader to calculate the unknown component flow rates in the output streams using material balances. 3. Problem 7 provides information on a crystallization process to recover potassium chromate and asks the reader to calculate evaporation and crystallization rates, feed rates to the equipment, and recycle ratio.

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syed waheed ul hasan
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237 views4 pages

Material Balance Sheet

1. The document presents 11 material and energy balance problems involving chemical processes like distillation, mixing, vaporization, evaporation, crystallization, reaction, and combustion. The problems provide information on feed streams and product streams and ask the reader to calculate unknown flow rates, compositions, conversions, and other process parameters. 2. Problem 1 gives benzene-toluene feed and output stream compositions and asks the reader to calculate the unknown component flow rates in the output streams using material balances. 3. Problem 7 provides information on a crystallization process to recover potassium chromate and asks the reader to calculate evaporation and crystallization rates, feed rates to the equipment, and recycle ratio.

Uploaded by

syed waheed ul hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM SHEET (MATERIAL BALANCE)

CHEN 201

Dr. Ali Bahadur, Syed Waheed

1. One hundred kilograms per hour of a mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) containing 50 %
benzene by mass is separated by distillations into two fractions. The mass flow rate of benzene in
the top stream is 450 kg B/h and that of toluene in the bottom stream is 475 kg T/h. The operation
is at steady state. Write balances on the benzene and toluene to calculate the unknown
component flow rates in the output streams.

2. Two methanol-water mixtures are contained in the separate flasks. The first mixture contains 40
wt % methanol, and the second contains 70 wt% methanol. If 200g of the first mixture is combined
with 150 g of the second, what are the mass and composition of the product?

3. Air is bubbled through a drum of liquid hexane at a rate of 0.100 kmol/min. The gas stream
leaving the drum contains 10 mole % hexane vapor. Air may be considered insoluble in liquid
hexane. Use an integral balance to estimate the time required to vaporize 10 m3 of the liquid.
Supporting data:
Hexane density = 0.659 kg/L
Molecular weight of hexane = 86.2 kg/kmol
4. An experiment on the growth rate of certain organism requires an environment of humid air
enriched in oxygen. Three input streams are fed into an evaporation chamber to produce a output
stream with the desired composition.
A: Liquid water, fed at a rate of 20.0 cm3/min
B: Air (21 mole % oxygen, the balance Nitrogen)
C: Pure oxygen, with molar flow rate one fifth of the molar flow rate of the stream B.
The output gas is analyzed and is found to contain 1.5 mole % water.

5. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide contains 20 % NaOH by mass. It is desired to produce


an 8.0 % NaOH solution by diluting a stream of the 20 % solution with a stream of pure water.
Calculate the ratios (liters H2O /kg feed solution) and (kg product solution/kg feed solution).

6. A stream of humid air enters a condenser in which 95 % of the water vapors in the air is
condensed. The flowrate of the condensate (the liquid leaving the condenser) is measure and
found to be 225 L/h. Dry air may be taken to contain 21 mol % oxygen, with the balance
nitrogen. Calculate degree of freedom of the process and tell that is solvable or not?

7. The flow chart of the steady state process to recover crystalline potassium chromate (K2CrO4)
from an aqueous solution of this salt is shown in figure.
Forty five hundred kilograms per hour of a solution that is one-third K2CrO4 by mass is joined by a recycle
stream containing 36.4 % K2CrO4 and the combined stream is fed to an evaporator. The concentrated
stream leaving the evaporator contains 49.4 % K2CrO4; this stream is fed to a crystallizer in which it is
cooled (causing crystals of K2CrO4to come out of solution) and then filtered. The filter cake consists of
K2CrO4 crystals and a solution that contains 36.4 % K2CrO4 by mass; the crystals account for 95% of the
total mass of the filter cake. The solution that passes through the filter, also 36.4 % K2CrO4, is recycle
stream.

Calculate the rate of evaporation, rate of production of crystalline K2CrO4, the feed rates that the
evaporator and crystallizer must be designed to handle, and the recycle ratio (mass of recycle)/ (mass of
fresh stream)

8. Suppose the feed to a continuous reactor consists of 100 mol/s of nitrogen, 300 mol/s of
hydrogen, and 1 mol/s of argon (an inert gas). For fractional conversion of hydrogen of 0.60,
calculate the out flow rate of hydrogen, the extent of reaction, and the outlet flowrate of nitrogen
and ammonia?
9. The reaction

Takes place in a continuous reactor at steady state. The feed contains 85 mol % thane (C2H6) and balance
inserts (I). The fractional conversion of ethane is 0.501, and the fractional yield of ethylene (C2H4) is 0.471.
Calculate the molar composition of the product gas and selectivity of ethylene and methane production.

10. One hundred mol/h of butane (C4H10) and 5000 mol/h of air are fed into the combustion reactor.
Calculate the percent excess air.
11. Ethane is burned with 50 % excess air. The percentage conversion of the ethane is 90 %; of the
ethane burned, 25 % react to form CO and the balance reacts to form CO2. Calculate the molar
composition of the stack gas on the dry basis and the mole ratio of water to dry stack gas.

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