IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering,Science And Management CICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 541

MA TLAB Simulink Model of Fuzzy Logic

Controller with PSS and its Performance
Analysis
K.Gowrishankarl M.D.Masud Khan2
'
Assistant professor, Department of ECE, Dr. Paul's Engineering College, Anna University, INDIA.
E-mail:[email protected]

2PG Student, Department of ECE, Dr. Paul's Engineering College, Anna University, INDIA.
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract - In this paper, the operation of a power system. Low frequency oscillation can
Fuzzy Logic Controller with PSS controller be created by small disturbance in the system,
is analysed in simulink environment. The such as changes in the load, and are normally
development of a Fuzzy Controller with analysed through the small signal stability of
power system stabilizer in order to maintain the power system. The oscillations were
stability and enhance the performance of a described as hunting of synchronous
power system is described widely. The machines. In a generator, the electro
application of the Fuzzy Controller with PSS mechanical coupling between the rotor and
controller is investigated by means of the rest of the system causes it to behave in a
simulation studies on a single machine manner similar to a spring-mass-damper
infinite bus system. The functional blocks of system which exhibits oscillatory behaviour
Fuzzy Controller with PSS are developed in following any disturbance from the
Simulink and simulation studies are carried equilibrium state. Small oscillations were a
out. A study case for the validation of the matter of concern, but for several decades
proposed simulink mechanism is presented power system engineers remained
and analysed with control application for a preoccupied with transient stability. That is
synchronous generator excitation system. the stability of the system following large
The superior performance of this stabilizer disturbances. Causes for such disturbances
in comparison to PSS and without PSS were easily identified and remedial measures
proves the efficiency of this new Fuzzy were devised. In early sixties, most of the
Controller with PSS controller. The generators were getting interconnected and
comparison studies carried out for various the automatic voltage regulators (AVRs)
results such as speed deviation, field voltage, were more efficient. With bulk power
rotor angle and load angle in Simulink based transfer on long and weak transmission lines
MATLAB environment. and application of high gain, fast acting
AVRs, small oscillations of even lower
Index Terms - PowerSystemStabilizer, frequencies were observed. These were
FuzzyController, Excitation System. described as Inter-Tie oscillations.
Sometimes oscillations of the generators
I. INTRODUCTION
within the plant were also observed. These
In power systems, low frequency oscillations at slightly higher frequencies
oscillations are generator rotor angle were termed as Intra-Plant oscillations. The
oscillations having a frequency between 0.1- combined oscillatory behaviour of the
3.0 Hz and are defined by how they are system encompassing the three modes of
created or where they are located in the oscillations are popularly called the dynamic

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stability of the system. In more precise terms parameter of PSS such as gain, washout and
it is known as the small signal oscillatory Lead Lag time plays a vital role to damp out
stability of the system. The oscillations, low frequency oscillation. Many researchers
which are typically in the frequency range of concentrated for tuning these parameters
0.2 to 3.0 Hz. might be excited by through mathematical approach for different
disturbances in the system or, in some cases, operating conditions. Tuning of PSS can be
might even build up spontaneously [1] . clearly defined by Larsen and Swann in
These oscillations limit the power 1981 [4] . In the last two decades, various
transmission capability of a network and, types of PSS have been designed. For
sometimes, may even cause loss of example adaptive controller based PSS have
synchronism and an eventual breakdown of been used in many applications [5] . Most of
the entire system. In practice, in addition to these controllers are based on system
stability, the system is required to be well identifications and parameter estimations
damped i.e. the oscillations, when excited, therefore from computational point of view
should die down within a reasonable amount they are time consuming. It is evident from
of time. Reduction in power transfer levels the various publications that interest in
and AVR gains does curb the oscillations application of Fuzzy logic based PSS
and is often resorted to during system (FLPSS) has also grown in recent years [6] .
emergencies. These are however not feasible Low computation burden simplicity and
solutions to the problem. robustness make FLPSS suitable for
The stability of the system, in principle, stabilization purposes. Different methods for
can be enhanced substantially by application designing such devices are proposed using
of some form of close-loop feedback control. genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural
Over the years a considerable amount of network [7] . All the approaches are based on
effort has been extended in laboratory tuning and optimization concepts. Corcau
research and on-site studies for designing and Stoenescu developed simulink model for
such controllers. The stability of the system fuzzy based PSS. In this paper, the structure
can be improved, by using supplementary of a fuzzy controller is presented. The
control signals in the generator excitation application of the fuzzy logic controller as a
system. The problem, when first encountered, power system stabilizer is investigated by
was solved by fitting the generators with a means of simulation studies on a single
feedback controller which sensed the rotor machine infinite bus system [8] .
slip or change in terminal power of the This paper presents a simple MATLAB
generator and fed it back at the AVR simulink model for a synchronous machine
reference input with proper phase lead and to reduce low frequency oscillation during
magnitude so as to generate an additional several operating conditions such as heavy
damping torque on the rotor [2] . This device load, vulnerable conditions etc. Here, Fuzzy
came to be known as a Power System controller combined with PSS can guarantee
Stabilizer (PSS). A PSS prepares a a robust minimum performance over a wide
supplementary input signals in phase with range of operating conditions. The efficacy
the synchronous rotor speed deviation to of the proposed Fuzzy Controller with PSS
excitation systems resulting in generator in damping out low frequency oscillations
stability. The principles of operation of this have been established by extensive
controller are based on the concepts of simulation studies on single machine infinite
damping and synchronizing torques within bus system. Various simulations have been
the generator. A comprehensive analysis of performed in order to subject it to several
this torques has been dealt with by types of large disturbances using a single
Klofenstein in their landmark paper in 1971 machine infinite bus power system.
[3] . These controllers have been known to
work quite well in the field and are Comparison studies have also been
extremely simple to implement. However the performed between the proposed model,

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proportional integral power stabilizers (PSS), A. Static Exciter and Automatic Voltage
proportional integral derivative controller Regulator Block:
and without PSS. The numerical simulations Interconnected power systems cannot
results clearly demonstrate the superiority of operate without control. Manual and
the Fuzzy with PSS in comparison to the automatic controls have to be implemented
other methods. (e.g. Automatic Voltage Regulators, Speed
Governors and Power system stabilizers).
II. MODELLING OF SYNCHRONOUS
These controls ensure that systems operate in
GENERATOR
unison at maximum efficiency. High
In fig.1 Pref is the mechanical power performance excitation systems are essential
reference, Psv, is the feedback through the for maintaining the small signal stability of
governor Tm, is the turbine output torque Vinf modern synchronous generators. They are
is the infinite bus voltage, Vref is the terminal characterized by high initial response and
voltage reference, Vt is the terminal voltage increased reliability due to advances in
Va is the voltage regulation output. W is the thyristor controllers.
speed deviation. Vpss is the PSS output Vf is The block diagram shown in fig. 2 of a
field voltage. Vt is excitation system typical excitation system shown in Fig., The
stabilizing signal. P is the active and Q is the low pass filter time constant TR ( S ) can be set
reactive power and the terminal power. The in the range of 0.01 to 0.02 secs which is
speed of the synchronous generator is necessary for filtering of the rectified
governed by speed governor. The output of terminal voltage waveform. The Automatic
the rotor speed deviation governor is voltage regulator gain is typically around
compared with reference power and given to 250 p.u. The exciter ceiling is typically 8.0
turbine which is connected to the p.u. These parameters permit the exciter to
synchronous generator. The rotor speed reach 90% of the rated load field voltage
deviation of synchronous generator is given within 2 ms for a sustained drop in the
to PSS as input whose output is used to get terminal voltage not exceeding 5%. If the
the stable voltage (VPSS). The stable gain of AVR is too high it can contribute to
voltage is given to synchronous generator oscillatory instability in power systems
through the voltage regulator and exciter. which can endanger system security and
The output of voltage of the exciter is given
T':::!'r-V{
'""
" "'
limit power transfer.
to excitation system stabilizer and compared L,';"'

with reference terminal voltage. The output

J
-P:A_ --
j .cr u
::;: ._
power from the synchronous generator is
J+T"r.s 'T K1 _
--- "'ld

given to infinite bus through transmission VPSS

voltage. PSS will be doing no more work if Fig.2 Block diagram of Excitation system and AVR

the switch S1 is changed to zero position.

Block Parameters of Excitation system as
Then the system will act as normal system
follows:
without PSS and oscillation will not be
damped out.
GOYeIDOC II<--
( ---- A. Low-pass filter time constant:
The time constant Tr, in seconds (s), of the
first-order system that represents the stator
terminal voltage transducer.

B. Regulator gain and time constant:

The gain Ka and time constant Ta, in
seconds (s), of the first-order system
representing the main regulator.

Fig.! System model configuration

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IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering,Science And Management CICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 544

C. Exciter: machine by controlling its excitation. The

The gain Ke and time constant Te, in disturbances occurring in a power system
seconds (s), of the first-order system induce electromechanical oscillations of the
representing the exciter. electrical generators. These oscillations, also
called power swings, must be effectively
D. Transient gain reduction: damped to maintain the system stability. The
output signal of the PSS is used as an
(Vstab)
The time constants Tb, in seconds (s) and
Tc, in seconds (s), of the first-order system additional input to the Excitation

representing a lead-lag compensator. System block. The PSS input signal can be
either the machine speed deviation, dw, or its
E. Dampingfilter gain and time constant: acceleration power, Pa = Pm - Peo
(difference between the mechanical power
The gain K[ and time constant T[, in
and the electrical power).The Generic Power
seconds (s), of the first-order system
System Stabilizer is modelled by the
representing a derivative feedback.
following nonlinear system:
F. Regulator output limits and gain:
Limits Efmin and Efmax are imposed on the
output of the voltage regulator. The upper
limit can be constant and equal to Efmax, or
variable and equal to the rectified stator Ilr,'ITFp.

terminal voltage Vtftimes a proportional gain

Kp. If Kp is set to 0, the former applies. If Kp Fig.3 Conventional Power System Stabilizer
is set to a positive value, the latter applies.
To ensure a robust damping, the PSS
G. Initial values of terminal voltage andfield should provide a moderate phase advance at
voltage: frequencies of interest in order to
The initial values of terminal voltage VtO compensate for the inherent lag between the
(pu) and field voltage V m (p.u.). When set field excitation and the electrical torque
correctly, they allow you to start the induced by the PSS action. The model
simulation in steady state. Initial terminal consists of a low-pass filter, a general gain, a
voltage should normally be set to 1 p.u. Both washout high-pass filter, a phase
VtO and Vm values are automatically updated compensation system, and an output limiter.
by the load flow utility of the Powergui
block. A. Gain:
The overall gain K of the generic power
system stabilizer. The gain K determines the
III. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER
amount of damping produced by the
A solution to the problem of oscillatory
stabilizer. Gain K can be chosen in the range
instability is to provide damping for the
of 20 to 200.
generator oscillations by providing Power
System Stabilizers (PSS) which are
B. Wash-out time constant:
supplementary controllers in the excitation
The time constant, in seconds (s), of the
systems. The signal VPSS is the output from
first-order high-pass filter used by the
PSS which has input derived from rotor
washout system of the model. The washout
velocity, frequency, electrical power or a
high-pass filter eliminates low frequencies
combination of these variables.
that are present in the speed deviation signal
and allows the PSS to respond only to speed
Structure and Tuning of PSS:
changes. The Time constant Tw can be
The Generic Power System Stabilizer
chosen in the range of 1 to 2 for local modes
(PSS) block can be used to add damping to
of oscillation. However, if interarea modes
the rotor oscillations of the synchronous

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IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering,Science And Management CICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 545

are also to be damped then Tw must be

chosen in the range of 10 to 20. The first step in designing a fuzzy controller
is to decide which state variables represent of
C. Lead-lag time constants: (Phase system dynamic performance must be taken
Compensation System): as the input signal to the controller. However,
The numerator time constant Tin, T2n choosing the proper linguistic variables
and denominator time constant Tid, T2d in formulating the fuzzy control rules are very
seconds (s), of the first and second lead-lag important factors in the performance of the
transfer function. The phase-compensation fuzzy control system. System variables,
system is represented by a cascade of two which are usually used as the fuzzy controller
first-order lead-lag transfer functions used to inputs includes states error, state error
compensate the phase lag between the derivative, state error integral or etc. In
excitation voltage and the electrical torque of power system, based on previous experience.
the synchronous machine. Generator speed deviation (/:1m ) and

D. Limiter: acceleration (/:1UJ ) are chosen to be the input

The output of the PSS must be limited to signals of fuzzy PSS [9] .
prevent the PSS acting to counter the action As it was mentioned earlier, if the
of AVR. The negative limit of the PSS synchronous generator automatic voltage
output is of importance during the back regulator is utilized in a proper way it is
swing of the rotor (after initial acceleration is capable of damping electromechanically
over). The AVR action is required to oscillations of the generator shaft. The input
maintain the voltage after the angular to the excitation system would be Control
separation has increased. PSS action in the variable which is actually the output of fuzzy
negative direction must be shortened more PSS. In practice, only shaft speed deviation is
than in the positive direction. A typical value ready available. Hence, the acceleration
for the lower limit is -0.05 and for the higher signal can be derived from speed signals
limit it can vary between 0.1 and 0.2. measured at two sampling instant by the
following expression .

IV. Fuzzy LOGIC CONTROLLER

/:1m(kTs) = (/:1m(kTs) - /:1m((k-l)Ts)) / Ts
The following Figure 2 shows the block
--------- (1)
diagram of fuzzy logic controller, it generally
comprises four principle components:
where Ts, is the sampling time. After
fuzzification interface, knowledge base,
choosing proper variables as input and output
decision making logic and defuzzification
of fuzzy controller it is required to decide on
interface. If the output from the defuzzifier is
the linguistic variables. These variables
not a control action for a process, then the
transform the numerical values of the input of
system is a fuzzy logic decision system.
the fuzzy controller to fuzzy quantities.
The number of these linguistic variables
The fuzzy controller itself is normally a
specifies the quality of the control which can
two- input and a sing Ie-output component. It
be achieved using the fuzzy controller. As the
is usually a MISO system.
number of the linguistic variables increases,
the computational time and required memory
increase. Therefore, a compromise between
the qualities of control a d computational
Fuzzificaiion
De-fuZ2ific-etion
Interrt:ll;.8
Dec-i!::ion Making
Logic Inlerrace
time is needed to choose the number of
linguistic variables. For the power system
under study, five linguistic variables for each
Control Sy:l tem
(Proc.e:ssj of the input and output variables are used to
describe them, as in the following table 1.

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Advantages of Fuzzy Controller and

Table I: Input and output linguistic variables
Power system stabilizer are combining
LN Large Negative
together to damp-out low frequency
MN Mediwn Negative
oscillation during severe load and vulnerable
Z Zero
condition. The role of Fuzzy Controller with
MP Medium Positive
PSS is used to reduce the overshoot and
LP Large Positive
settling time. The Fuzzy Controller with PSS
can provide better damping characteristic
The two inputs speed deviation and
than the PID, PSS even at the loading
acceleration results in 25 rules for each
condition. This results from the fact that,
machine Decision table in 2 shows the result
during the faulted period, there will be
of 25 rules, where a positive control signal is
drastic change in the operating condition.
for the deceleration control and a negative
The transient stability limit of the
signal is for acceleration control. The
synchronous machine can be improved by
example of first rule is;
Rule1: "If speed deviation is LP (large the Fuzzy Controller with PSS since the
generator with PSS and PID will have more
positive) AND acceleration is LN (large
overshoot and settling time when the load is
negative) THEN PSS output of fuzzy is Zero
increased to 600MVA, while the one with
(Z)"
Fuzzy Controller with PSS will still remain
The stabilizer output is obtained by applying
stable. The damping characteristic of the
a particular rule expressed in the form of
Fuzzy Controller with PSS is insensitive to
membership function. There are different
load change while that of PSS and PID
methods for finding the output in which
controller will deteriorate as the load
Minimum-Maximum and Maximum Product
changes. The Fuzzy Controller with PSS can
Method are among the most important ones.
offer better responses in field voltage as well
Here the Minimum- Maximum method is
as angular speed.
used. Finally, the output membership
Transmission Line
function of the rule is calculated. This
EXCITER
procedure is carried out for all of the rules
and every rule an output membership
function is obtained A PSS Fuzzy Conlrolier
Acceleration
/ Speed LN MN Z MP LP Fig.4 Fuzzy Controller with PSS
Deviation
LP Z Z MP MP LP Therefore, the major disadvantage of being
MP MN Z Z MP MP liable to cause too great deviation in the
Z MN Z Z Z MP
Table2:
voltage profile when an excitation controller
Decision
MN MN MN Z Z MP table for is employed to improve the damping can be
LN LN MN MN Z Z
PSS
avoided. Therefore the proposed Fuzzy
output
Controller with PSS is relatively simpler
than the other controllers for practical
Since a non-fuzzy signal is needed for the
implementation and also produces better
excitation system by knowing the
optimal solution.
membership function of the fuzzy controller
its numerical value should be determined.
VI. MODELLING OF FUZZY
There are different techniques for
CONTROLLER WITH PSS USING SIMULINK
defuzzification of fuzzy quantities such as
To analysis the performance of the PSS,
Maximum Method, Height Method, and
Simulation model was developed in simulink
Centroid Method. In this method the
block set of MATLAB. The functional block
Centroid Method is used.
set of PSS in simulink environment shown in
V. Fuzzy LOGIC CONTROLLER WITH fig. 5. The effectiveness of Fuzzy Controller
POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER with PSS is investigated for various

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operating conditions using the Simulink settling time to the nominal level when
model. Independent of the technique utilized subjected to PSS and Fuzzy Controller with
in tuning stabilizer equipment, it is necessary PSS and the inference of the simulation
to recognize the nonlinear nature of power results are as follows.
systems and that the objective of adding
power system stabilizers along with Fuzzy Case l: Normal Load without Fault.
controller is to extend power transfer limits
by stabilizing system oscillations; adding Here, the synchronous machine subjected to
damping is not an end in itself, but a means normal load of 200MV without fault
to extending power transfer limits, The condition in the transmission line and the
various blocks involved in modelling the following observations from the dynamic
synchronous machine are: responses are made in Figs. 6 to 9 with
respect to the stability of the system.

From the Fig.6 it is observed that the

Fuzzy Controller with PSS can provide the
better damping characteristic than the other
cases. The Fuzzy Controller with PSS
reduced the overshoot to 10 MV and the
system reaches the steady state quickly
compared to PSS. By this effect, the field
voltage will be stable and in turn it ensures
the system stability. In the response of Speed
deviation Fig.7, the overshoot reduced to
0.02 from 0.03 using Fuzzy Controller with
PSS therefore the system reaches the stable
state quickly. It is necessary to maintain the

Fig.S Block Diagram of Fuzzy Controller with pss speed in the synchronous generator; care
should be taken to make the system to reach
VII. SIMULATION RESULTS AND steady state as early as possible for that
DISCUSSIONS Fuzzy Controller with PSS give better
optimal solution compared to others. From
The performance of PSS and PSS with the Fig.8, the load angle reaches the stable
Fuzzy Controller was studied in the simulink state at 15 degree. Here also inferred that
environment for different operating after the inclusion Fuzzy Controller with
conditions and .the following test cases was PSS the damping oscillation was reduced
considered for simulations. and also it boosts up the load angle to 30
Case i: For normal load without vulnerable from 10 degree. According to Fig.9, Fuzzy
condition, the variation of speed deviation, Controller with PSS improves the rotor angle
field voltage, rotor angle and load angle were to the maximum extent by reaching the
analysed for PSS and Fuzzy Controller with settling time before 1.5 secs. However the
PSS. rotor angle in the negative side, the Fuzzy
Case ii: System was subjected to vulnerable Controller with PSS improves the
(fault) condition, the variation of above performance compared to other PSSs.
mentioned cases were analysed.

Case iii: The variation of above mentioned

cases were analysed for PSSs when
subjected to different loading condition.
The above cases are illustrated clearly,
how the controller reduces the overshoot and

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IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering,Science And Management CICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 548

PSS. The combination of Fuzzy Controller

I
\
with PSS further reduces the settling time to
II I

I "
: i/\ / 3 secs and also the overshoot. According to
I \i _.
"'I " :" ' , , " .- .';::._. i >,,v;;,; , I "' ::"'\1:""' ;""'iI'I";;-<1'\'iiMi' .,;.,<
" /i

I'
I I Fig.ll, the overshoot was high for PSS;
therefore the stability of the system was

III I, ,'
affected. The Fuzzy Controller with PSS
reduces the overshoot to 50% and makes the
. system to reach steady state before 2 secs.
From this case, it is inferred that Fuzzy
II' :_YI
Fig,6 Field Voltage
,,, Controller with PSS supports the
I -IH

synchronous generator to maintain

synchronous speed even at severe fault
conditions. During the fault condition, PSSs
maintains the load angle around zero degree.
Normally for the smart system the load angle
should be maintained around 15 to 45

degree. The Fuzzy Controller with PSS
. ''' '
.

provides better solution by maintaining the

Fig,7 Speed Deviation
load angle around 40 degree. From the
Fig.13, it is inferred that the acceleration of
rotor increases with respect to Fault
condition. However with the help of Fuzzy
Controller with PSS, the rotor angle
maintained at normal level compared to PSS.

Fig,g Load \ Angle

" .
I 1-':<:
"

"

T ...:. :
Fig.lO Field Voltage

Fig,9 Rotor Angle

Case II: Fault Condition:

This illustrates the stability of the system
during vulnerable condition, a three phase
fault is assumed to happen at the
transmission line. The fault persists in the
system for 0.01 sec and it is cleared after 0.1
sec. The parameters of the system during
fault condition are illustrated in Fig.l0 to
Fig.13.
From the Fig.l0, it is observed that the Fig,11 Speed Deviation

PSS produced more overshoot and settles at

7 secs. The Fuzzy Controller with PSS
controller gives better solution compared to

ISBN: 978-81-909042-2-3 2012 IEEE

IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering,Science And Management CICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 549

it is inferred that the Fuzzy Controller with

PSS maintains the stability with small
amount of damping compared to PSS. Fuzzy
Controller with PSS reduces the overshoot to
25% and the system settles at 1.5 secs.
"
'
. ...:.
I , I:: ;;
.... '
"
, " .
. :. " : .,.-
I ', ':
" '
.
'
<)

Fig.]2 Load Angle

Fig.14 Field Voltage

, ,:- , _ i
,
...
.

" \ ....
... I

/\
Fig.13 Rotor Angle

Case III: Heavy Load

In this case, the Synchronous generator is Fig.lS Speed Deviation

subjected to three phase RLC load of

600MV in the transmission line. The
performance characteristics of the system
with PSS, Fuzzy Controller with PSS are
illustrated from Fig.14 to 17.
From the Fig.14, the Fuzzy Controller
with PSS provides better solution by .. " " :." - . . .

reducing overshoot to 75% and the settling

.

time around 3 secs even in heavy load '"l , :". '

,

condition. By this effect the field voltage Fig.l6 Load Angle

will be stable and in turns maintain the

system stability. According to Fig.15, the ."
I

overshoot was heavy for PSS, in turn affects -I." \

,

the stability of the system. The Fuzzy

Controller with PSS reduces the overshoot to
50% and makes the system to reach steady
. . '-"
state before 2 secs. Therefore it is inferred ,, ' ",

that Fuzzy Controller with PSS supports the

synchronous generator to maintain
synchronous speed even at severe fault
conditions but with some negative damping. Fig. I 7 Rotor Angle

During the load condition, the Fuzzy

Controller with PSS makes the system to Finally the above three cases are summarized
settle at 1.5 secs. Also it boosts up the by the following points:
system to maintain load angle in and around
40 degree. In this case also the proposed The Fuzzy Controller+PSS can provide
system maintains stability. From the Fig.17, better damping characteristic than the

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IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering,Science And Management CICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 550

PSS even at the loading condition. This environment shown the accurate result when
results from the fact that, during the compared to mathematical design approach.
faulted period, there will be drastic A simple structure of a Fuzzy Controller and
change in the operating condition. its wide spread use in the industry make the
As evidenced by the curves mentioned proposed stabilizer very attractive in stability
above , the transient stability limit of the enhancements.
synchronous machine can be improved
REFERENCES
by the Fuzzy Controller+PSS since the
generator with PSS will have more [1] P. Kundur, Power system stability
overshoot and settling time when the and control, Mc Grew Hill, U.S.A 1994.
load is increased to 600Mv, while the [2] F. P. Demello and C. Concordia,
one with Fuzzy Controller+PSS will still "Concepts of Synchronous Machine
remain stable. Stability as Effected by Excitation
The damping characteristic of the Fuzzy Control",IEEE Transactions on Power
Controller +PSS is insensitive to load Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-88,
change while that of PSS will deteriorate No. 4, pp. 316-329, April 1969.

as the load changes. [3] A. Klofenstein, "Experience with

System Stabilizing Excitation Controls
The Fuzzy Controller +PSS can offer
on the Generation of the Southern
better responses in field voltage as well
California Edition Company", IEEE
as angular speed. Therefore, the major
disadvantage of being liable to cause too Transactions on PAS, Vo1.90, No. 2, pp.
698-706, March/April 1971.
great deviation in the voltage profile
[4] E.Larsen and D. Swann "Applying
when an excitation controller is
power system stabilizers" IEEE
employed to improve the damping can be
Transaction on PAS, Vol. 100 No. 6,
avoided.
1981, pp. 4017-3046.
Therefore the proposed Fuzzy
[5] A. Ghosh, G. Ledwich, O.P. Malik and
Controller+PSS are relatively simpler
G.S. Hope, "Power System Stabilizer
than the other controllers for practical
Based on Adaptive Control Techniques",
implementation and also produce better
IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. 103,
optimal solution.
pp. 1983-1989, March/April 1984.
VIII. CONCLUSION [6] M.A.M. Hasan, O.P. Malik and G.S.

Results from this study indicate that under Hope, "A fuzzy Logic Based Stabilizer

large disturbance conditions, better dynamic for a Synchronous Machine", IEEE

responses can be achieved by using the Transactions on Energy Conversion,

proposed Fuzzy Controller with PSS Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 407-413, September

controller than the other stabilizers. We 1991.

could also observe in all case studies, from [7] Jinyu-wen ,Cheng ,O.P.Malik, " A

the MatIab I Simulink simulation, that the Synchronous Generator Fuzzy

Fuzzy Controller with PSS controller has an Excitation Controller Optimally

excellent response with small oscillations, Designed with a Genetic Algorithm",

while the other controller response shows a IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
ripple in all case studies and some Vol. 13, No. 3,pp. 884-889, August

oscillations before reaching the steady state 1998.

operating point. It was shown that an [8] Jenica Ileana Corcau, Eleonor Stoenescu,

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other controllers for the excitation control of Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal
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ISBN: 978-81-909042-2-3 2012 IEEE