I

J20419F

A PUBLICATION FOR THE RADIO AMATEUR

ESPECIALLY COVERING VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVES

VOLUME NO .3 EDITION. NOVEMBER 1971 DM .00

 VHF
COMMUNICATIONS
Publl,h.d by :
Veri aQ UKW -8 Ell:ICHIE , Ha n, l. Oo hlul oHG. 8!)20 Erl ang en, GI.iwilzer SI,. 45
Fed. Rep, 01 Germony. Tel. (09131) 33323/ 63388
Publl,here :
T. Billen, H. OohluI_ R. Lentz in equ al part,
Edllo,. :
r.,ry D. Binen, G 3lVO/ DlOBO. r.sponsible lor the lext
Robert E. Lentz, OL3WR. re. po nsible lor lh e technical co ntenlS And Ilyool
Ad.... rtl.lnli meneg er :
T. Bitten, hi. (09191) - 3148
VHf COMMUNICATIONS,
the internatio nal edilion 01 Ike Germen publicot ion UKWBERICHTE. i, 1I quart erly emeteur
redi o magezine elpecillily clltering lor the VHF/UHF/SHF technol ogy . It i' published in
February, May. August lind November . The subscription price Is OM 12.00 or nlltionel
equival ent per year, Individua l copies ef. oVllilllble at OM 4,00, or eq uiva lent, e ach.
Subsc ription s, orders 01 individ ual co pies, purchase 01 P. C. boards and ad vert ised special
compOne nll, ed verli sem ent s end conlr ibut ion s 10 Ihe magazine should be add re.. ed 10
the nati onal representative.
Ve rleg UKWIERICHTf 1971
All tights r. s.rved. Reprinls, Irenslal ions o r e xtrac ls on ly wilh Ihe wrillen approvel of Ihe
publ isher,
Prinled in the Fed . Rep . 01 Germany by R. Reichenbach KG, 8500 Nuernberg, Krelingstr. 39

VERT1IETUNON REPflESNT...TIVS

......1". H_ I Dohl.... OJ 3 OC 0.20 ERLANOEN O l..... u.. SIr.&. 00 _ o..-"Y

r.
......1...". WIA PO 80. 11. EIMI "" Ibou.... XI02 Vldorll
81 111'"'" E 0"1OhI. O N SIll. . B.flllO HAMIolE . ll.' jlI lI..lr 10. T. 'llon ~ 4liM51, PCR 118111
c..... ... USA
0...",.", Sv.n 1_!>Ion. S M 7 OTT . Ornbog.lln I. IUlm MALMO . Til . 411lfll3. I'oIlklo 1l..1>1.......... ' ' ' '
r .."l" Ch ...I" ", M,dl.l . F & S M. fJ"' RLV, I.. Pili. CC P PAR IS 11121"
F,nl. nd T",IO b ko . OH I S M, POR I, 1I.1 nllll"IO 83 C. 1'oI 1/,ro . 7' 0""
O.rm... ~ V..I' lI UIIWBERICHTE 1'1 ~I 0 1'1 0. 0-8520 ALANON, Q I.... 'I~.' 51' oC5. hl lfo..
(0Il131) 33323 + 1I 33 Ill , o...ll dI. 81.... E,I'"II' '' 1<10 . 71I 32Ii. PoIlldlldI JOlt M Nllrnl>l'1l
HolI.nd S Hoo lll lf..l. P.... MSH. ALMLO . O ..nl.II,..1 olIO. lI'ra 111 2 m . 1. ll fon (0MIl0) - 1:lll1l7

._.-"
1l.ly STE r I (I 10M) vii "110 IS, 1201301 MILANO. Til 21 7lI1I1, Co",o Cor ..nli 1'01111.3J...ws
LIImbou'1l P Wlntl , LX I CW o "t ,on. OUo ELANOE. I'oItld>ldlkOntO nOOli
1'1 ThIll , LA . va. PIt PedI...... v , IS. N I ~ LVS...IIEA II" 0.10, PooIII"O 31 J:)O
South "" r,ce
N_ ZH I. nd
Arthu, Ii_loy ZS S 0 , P O 80111. POI NT, o..rt>ln T. I 3' 7171
E M Z,"""'........". lL 1 Aoo, PO 80 _ 511, Wn .LSFDRO. hi : eo 2"1
SjlI,n + 1'011IlOl1 111110 A ,",'"0 AI_. E.... CJ. MADAID IS. Oonoeo eo".. 51! S' II, hi :kJ83 ..
Sw'llIrl.nd
'KObIon.
S.... n S M 7 OTT. 5 21212 MALMO. O rnboglt, n t . T. I 4111 . PooIII'ra U Oll.
1'1_ I Dohl .... 01 3 DC. O~ AL\NO N, Q I....Itz .. Slrl6l "S , _ Oo-rmeny
US "" H I e -1 VHF CO MMUNIC...TlONS A.... Plilibury. K 2TXB , & Gory
M" n Sl ' ''' MESTOWN. Pff 1.701
"'nelI_ .
U"'11d II 'ftOGom MtCAOW AV( MOOUl."'E 5 LId . N_ II"" Woy , WOATHINOISSX T.IOQ03-6Q)1
W 2 UCZ . lll&North
US "'C. ", .. I 80b E'M , WO NC. S3 51 And..... AAPIO CITY. so Snol, Tel a.:W2"1~
USA,WHI eo..1 0,...1 Thorpe. C'~II'I 5Pl'Cl.t,". Co 80. :I0oI1. SCOTTSDALE AZ 1S251, hi 12~
 A PUBLICATION FO R THE RAD IO AMATEUR
ESPECIALLY COVERING VHF, UHF AND M ICROWAVES
VO LUME NO.3 EDI TION 4 NOVEMBER 1971

0 , E. Schmitzer A Dlg itl l Cali bration-S pec tru m aenefelor 194-205

DJ 4 eo
Nol and Improvemenll to the DC 9 MD
M ini Walky Talky 205-206

K. Hupfer Stri plin~,. for VHF and UHF 207-21 6

OJ' EE

I. Relthal 'r Simpl, 70 em Trl nl vartlr for Porta ble EQuipme nt 217-221
DL 6 MH

Inaxpe ",lv, "verec tc r Diode , " '21

I. Rl lthof. r Strlpllna Bandpa.. Filter lor 70 em 222-223
OL 6 MH

Dr , A. Gschwlndt An Audio-Frequency RnY Co nverte . 224-232

HA 8 WH

K. P. Tlmmann A Si mpl. Modu l.tor for FMT'8 ntm lttar . 233-234

OJ 9 ZA

H. J. Brendt A Trenal,tarrzed Power Ampfllll' lor 2 m

OJ 1 ZB Ul lng the 2N3632: ConclUdi ng Se cond Part 2~247

O. E. Schmitzer Frequ ency Mu ltiplicat ion w ith High Spu r lOUI

DJ 4 BO Sig nar RljecliOn 248-250

Unfortu nate ly we heve bee n forced to Increa8e Ihe l ublcrlpUon price of VHf CO MMUNI
CATIONS to OM 14,00 due 10 conllderable Increalei of pollal rllel and printing eeet. Thll
il the firll incre a ll thai we hive made lrom Ihe or iginal OM 12.00,
Volume 4 (1972) will be full of Inter eellng a rUcle l I Uch II: An SSB trenlcelver lor 2 m With
FM-attach ment 200 kHz OrOllwlch receiv er for phale. lod<; ing 1 MHz cryl tal OlcUlalors . A 23 em
I ynlhelll Irans mllter lor sse, AM and FM. A 70 em PA wllh the 2 C 39, A 9 MHz IF modu le
wllh three l e paral e IF s tripi for AM, S SB/CW and FM. An 18 W Irllnl illor ized Itrlplin. F'A
for 70 em, Tra ni litorized lin.l r IImphfler for 2 m, and much more

- HIJ -
 A DIGIT AL C ALIB RATIONS PECTRUM GENE RATOR

by D. E. Sc hmU:r.er, OJ" HG

1. INTROD UCTIO N
Cali b ra tion I pec t ru m ,ene ra to ra ha ve proved Ih e m l e l ve l to be a val uabl e mea'
au r in, ald . Th e lar, e num ber o f a pplication I an d th e reduc Uon o f th e ee m t-
conduc to r _ el pecia lty Inl e ,ral e d c l~ u lt - pric e . a llow e xt r e mely verl.t lle
e q ul pmil'nt t o be ccne t rc c t ed, F or inltanc e , the call brallon epec r ru m ie ne ra tor
th ai t. to be de acMbed aUOWI a c a llbrallo n e pec t rum to be gen e r e ted who ....
c.ll bratton linea c a n be . wltc he d for a I pacl n, of 1 Mll z, 500 kl h , 100 kll z,
50 kilt, 10 kHz , 5 kHz and 1 kH z . In add ition t o thl l. I second harm on ic ,e.
nerat or can be lelec ted wh ich olc Ula tel a l a fun dlmf.'ntal fre que ncy o f I . DOl
Mill . Si nc. th e fre qu ency l pacl n, o f I kH z w ith res pec t to th e m l in olclllito r
I. 1110 mult lpll t'd , I frt'qulmcy de ll' rml n.Uo n II poilible by COllntl n, the m ulU
pllc ltlo n fl ctor. Thia m ethod will be nplal ned fu Mher in part II.

In Iddltlon to th l l, tht' frequency o f th e m l ln olcutllo r c an be pulled .IIJhtly

ul ln, a Vlrlcto r d iod e . Thia aliowl th t' calibration epee t rum ,ent' rlto r to be
b rou iht Int o :r.ero-belt with I I tlndlrd fr . qll.ncy Irl nl m lU . r without hlvi n,
t o o~ n th e unit. In part IU of thl l le rle. o f aM lcle l, a fl xed -frequ t'n cy r-e -.
ce tve r- i l t o be de l cribed for 200 kilt wh ich ay nC' hronhel th e cali bratio n epee-
t ru m ,ene rlto r lut om lUcllly w ith th e aid of th e Vlrlc to r diode 10 thai th t'
fr eque ncy accurlcy 1. th e s ame I I th.t of the urenwtc n, E n, ll nd tr an llmitter.
The freqll l'nc)' acc uracy and I tabllity ee pr e .... nt ed by th l l II In the o rdl' r of Ih..
ttme bal e . of very e e penet ve fr e quenc)' countera and I a pe eillty o f Int f.' l" e l t
for th e very hlah frequency band. I I well I I fo r EM E end m ete or - ec eu.. r
en thullal tl. FliIl"' I ahow. th e bl ock dl a , ram of th e com plete unit .

Th e delc rl bed c harac teril tlc. o f th e il'qul pment can , accord In, t o the reqe fre-
m ent e an d flnlnclll e s pe ndn u r e, b e o btained I lep b)' etep, Acc o rdln , t o tn e
modu lar principle, a number of m odul. 1 ca n be conl t ruc ted with out r eq u lr in ,
Iller m od lfic .tlon. Sinc e . c onet ruc ttcn ua ln, diac re te compone nt. would be too
e Xlena ive, Inte,rat e d c l n.-u lta are u eed, T hia r e lult l In a Ilm ple a nd c1t'l r
con.t rucUon on p rinted bolrdl which ca n be In cluded In modul a r calel al
deac rtbed In (I).

2. CI RCU IT D ETAILS OF TH E CA LIB RAT IO N S P ECT RU M GE NE RAT O R

The d rcu lt. I r e bu ilt up o f Inte iMlted dli Ual clrc ultl In Ih t' T TL-te chnol o gy.
The o pe r auon I nd a pplic a ti o n of th e ba lle di , n.1 e rrc u ne II ea pl a tne d In deta U
in (21 10 thai It II n ot nece ..ary for It 10 be ex p tat ne d ht' r e . For c1l r Uy, th e
de ec etpt to n wil l be m a de l epa rat e l)' for eac h printed ci rc uit bol rd . Th r pow er
eupply e nd the 1.001 Mll z o l c m .tor will bt' deacrlbt'd In P irl II. Th r deac rt ptlon
of th e 200 kll z Dr-cttwtch - j-ec e fver- a nd It l a uxllllry c1~u ll wut be deec et bed
la t er In P art III.

T ht' follow In, dt'.c rl pllon. P lrt I, con tllnl the ac tuI I calibration a pt'c t rum
,ent' ... lor.

- 194 -
 ! ~
"
..j. I}-
..j~
,

v
~
i }-
v
i

~
..j. i
-
..j ~

t
!
i
~
-I
~

r-r-
~ I
~
J
a ~
..j. I} i
v

+ ~ ~

1
=v- i
~ I
_l.- I
1 -
1 .....
r-r-
~
,, . ! ~ ~ I
i
,I I
!
u~
L-
!
b b
1
~ ~

I
!

I
I
.-
N
.
>

1

",e f--
N

{--
f-
\
~
'-
Itt

- 19~
2.1 . TilE OS CILLATOR ( Fl nt a tl' p 1
A c1t'<'ult con ala Un, o f t wo Inverte r e ( latl'1 with parallel- connec t ed Inputs ) la
ualed aa olc Ul a to r a . wa l d.... e r-ibed in (31. In thi a clt'<'ull. a fee d back Hnk
e n lu re l that . DC OJ><c'rati nl po in t i a adJult e d wh ich flIarantee l a eec u s-e com -
me nce ment of oacl1latlon. In our Call', two gates of th e Int e grated c i rc u it
SN 7400 N ar.. u eed and o ne of th e t wo remalnlng gate. 11 u.led al burre r . The
la .t gat e will be requi red o n e xte ndln i t he cali braUon apectrum le nerator.

T he ballc ci r c u it of t he o lc Ui a to r II gin n In FiiUre 2; th e o peration roug hly

co r r e epcnd a to tha t o f a multlvl brator by wh ic h a feedba c k link I. provided via
the c s-yetal , The lame c ry l t a l ia u ee d al wa l glv e n In (4) wh e re It wa a uaed
at parallel r-e l o na nc e with a loading o f a pp r oximately 30 pF; wh e r e a e it II uaed
her e 11.1 the . om ew hat lowe r .eriea re aona nc .. whi ch aliow l It 10 b e aUiJ1ed to
the exact frequency u.lng a l erl el ca pac it o r C a o f approximately 3~ p [<"

". ".
cs
01 4.7"
Out ut o---IDIH-JIH-II--<>
c Q
Q'
HIF--IDH--~ HlU' BA "a
1.2 1< 1 2k
".
Flo. 2 : Cry,tal OteilialOt Irom two NAND . p litt UD ".
1' / 2 SN 7400)

Fii. 4 : Circuit UK!., fina tu ni"'il

A ft er c ompletio n, thl. o sc Ula t o r 11 tully r-eedy for ope r-atton o n th e printed

e t rc u n board . T he o utput I l g nal 1. a . qu a r e wa ve wit h a du ty cy c le of vir-
t ua ll y I : I wh ich II av. Uable a t con nec t io n poi nt Pt 2. The c o m pl e t e o l d Il a t o r
ci rc uit I. cont a in e d in the c i rc u it diagram ( FIg. 3 ) wh ere It 1. de .lgnat ed
Ite p I.

II I. po Ible for the I r-eque nc y t o be exactly aliened nol on ly with the . e r i....
ca pacit o r Cion the board but allo with th ... aid of a varacto r dlod e 0 I u l ln e
an adJult.bl ... vnltage , T hll all owl th e c a li b r a tio n proc ..... to be c a r r l ...d out
wit hout o pe ning the ca ee l inCe th e tuning voltage c a n be va rI ed u . in g a pote n-
ti om e t e r on th e fronl penet, s ee Figure 4.

- 19 6 -
 t
I
I. t-l"

I
I
1
.u O,I
IH 'I.
e ~

i~
.I
- 191 -
 2. 2. l' ULS Jo.: SIIAPER cmculT (St'cond s te p }
Th.. ou tpu t '1,,".1 of th.. oect ttsto r po u e u to ll du ty c y cle of vl r tu.Uy 1 : I whi c h
I. allo rrve o f Ih .. frf'qu l:"n c y d ivld..d .llYlal l of Ih .. . ub " ..qu ..nt I t a g... be e su . ..
Ihey o r i gi nal l:" d i reclly from n lp -nop On ly un .. ve n harmonic I ( e. I . If; 3r; 5f;
.. tc, 1 . r to c o nt. lned in a . qu a r e - wa ve vo ltale h.vi ng a du ty e yc le o ( exactly
I : I; where a . e ve n h ann on lc . I e . g. 2(; <4(; 6f; e tc . 1 art! not p r t' l e nt o r or a
VlI'ry low level d ue t o a c" rlain un bal.nc .. o f th e ci rc uit . In addl lion to lhil.
th e lowe r ha rmonic. appe a r- with a far hi l her e nt'rlO' with IJUc h a I quare w.v..
II,,"al than the hi gh er o rde r he rmontc e , Th ll c a n le a d to difflcu ltie. In th ...
r t'qu i r to d . ppllca tio n . Hcwe ve e, If the . qua r e wav ... l ig nal il dU ft're ntlalt'd In a
C R-lin k. I II uneve n h.rmonlc I wil l be I vaU a b ll' with approllimat el y th e s a m e
a m pUtudt" ac co rdl n, t o tht' ah orl rile tim e of th e ne edle pul ee ge ne r-a t e d In thi l
manntor . J( Ih e pu lle. o f ntol. ttve pol.rity .rt! r em o ve d by diod e a fte r th l a
d iffe re ntia tion .nd if the po llt iv e pu l. t"1 art! pa' led ( o r vi c e ve r .a I. th e re o
a ultln g volla ge wil l c o nt a in bot h od d a nd e v..n ha nn on lc a o f th e fundame ntal
. lgn . 1 o r . pprox lma te ly th e lame e ne rlO' .

"
Fig. 5 : PuI. ...1* Irom tou,
NAN D . ..teI 11 SN 7400 NI

Su ch pu ll"l c a n be o bta ine d with. circu it comp r ili ng rour i . ll' l I I . ho wn In

F l gu rt! 5 . It uUll le. th e In a voldable d pl.y o f the . lg n.1 t r .vpllin, t rou gh th e
g. tea . If the Input o f t hl l c i rc u it r ecetve e a I t''r o'IIJ1I. I, l ' llenal will appt'l r
a t th e output o r gal e <4, Independe nt or th e ra ct th.1 an 1 II, n.1 II p r-eeent . 1
th e eee o nd In pu t o f g. te <4 vi . t he eec ond bran ch ( G I 10 G :I ). It t he input of
th e c ircu it no w r ec e t ve e I 1- ll gnl l . a 1 . ll gn .1 wi ll e xlBt ro r IIho rt tin..... I t
both Input I of gl t e <4 . nd th t' o ut pu l of G <4 wUl Jum p t o ae s-c, An...r th .. Inpu t
pu lae ha l , 1'0 ped vi. br.nch G I t o G 3, ze ro "till be p ,..,.. ..nt a t thl' It'cond
Inpu t o f G <4 '0 th at the out pu t Jum pI ba ck t o I . Th... I O I pul. ... s c hte ved In
thl. manner .t Ih e ou t pu t o f G <4 h pu l ae I.. n&th o f a pproaim. tt' ly 30 na wh e n
u l lnl th e qu . drupl e g. le SN HOO N; th e rl.... tim ... I pp ro llimilte ly 8 nil. The
t'a trt'me ly s te e p s to pe of th ... pu lae m e . n . th .t harm o n lc l of . u tr lcl e nt e nt' rlO'
will bt' a vall.b le r.r Inlo t he VHF ran ge .

It th e c ryat a l ol c lllalo r 1. o nly 10 be u aed with th e pul ae . h.pe r . t. g.... tht'

ou tput o r Ih p o.cl Ua to r a hou ld be con ne c te d to th ... Input o f th ... pu llt" . h'pl'r
u .lnl w t re brid ge o n th prlnl ed circ ult bo .rd. Th... ou t pu t I IJ1II 1 I. th e n
p rt'l l' nt a t connec ucn poi nt PI 3 . t . n I m pli l udt' of . pp rox lm'lp ly 0 .7 V pl'a lr
lo pt'a k a l an tmpe dence of 60 f<.

2. 3 . nU:QUI':NCY UIVlI)lm FOil 500 kl h a nd 100 klh: I Third a t e p }

The Int el ra lll'd ci rc Uli S N H90 N ccrn p r-teee frp qu ...m: y dl vtd t' U o r 2 : I .nd 5 : I .
Whll'n drlvt'n . Ub th e I Mlt z I IJ1Ia l o r the o l eUla to r . ou t pu t II J1Ia l1 of 5 00 kl h
I nd 100 kllz a r l' o bt a lnl' d with out fu rt ht' r m . ' IU ",I . I Of c o u r . .... o ne c ould
conn...c t th t' 5 : I fr l' q u...n {'y dl vld p r tlrat . foll o wed by th l' 2 : 1 d ivider and th ~
o bta in 200 kliz a nd 100 kll z). T hn' l' dlffl' rtnt t r .. qu ...ncl t' a a r t' now aVilll'b lt> wh ic h

- 19 8 -
m ea n B a IIw itc hlni eyet e m IB r e q uIre d so th ai o nly the r equired Bl i na l IB present
a t th e out put . T hl B IB ec nt eved u Bm i NAND - i att' B. Th e 1 Mll z Blinal I. pa ned
via th e r ",malnlng ia t ~ Id or Ie I not r e qui r-ed In s tep I ( o8cIll a t o r ). 'I' he
5 00 kRz and 100 kH z B(!Pla tB e re connt'c t t' d via t wo ga tell ( 4a a nd 4b) ot a
fu rth er SN 7400 N ( IC 4 ) . Th e t wo r "'m a ln lng lIalell rt'm aln to r th e th ird e t e p,
H the sec e nd In pu t o r the c o n nec te d i a le a a r e no w connec t e d to i r o und . no
a l!Pl al will be prest'nt at the out pu t ( 8.. e the fun ction o f th e ga l'" as d e s c r ibed
In ( 2). If t he g r ounded ccn nec nc n III dt e e cnnec ted by o ne o f the ga tell o r better
8t1l1. th e Input co nnec t ed 10 + 5 V vi a a pro re cuve r e e te t c r -, the r equired algna l
'11'111 be a va ll a bl'" a t th e o ut pu t .

The It neg r-et e d circ uit IC 5 ot type S N 74 30 N Is uae d tor com bl nl nll th e t hr ee
o ut pu t.ll. Thi s IC com p r teea a gat", wll h ",Ight In pu t s a nd aer-v e a 1111 a NO R - ci rc u li .
The e th e r In putB a r t' not r equ l r-e d a t pre sent, On th e printe d ci rc u it boa rd . th e
o ut pu t ot th e S N 74 30 N ( IC 5 ) IB c co nec t e d t o the Input ot th t' pull t'- .IIh a per
atage , w nen lid d in g ste p 3. 11 IB th e r-e fo r-e o nly nt' c e s lla ry tor th e wire b r- Id ge
me nll o ned In Sec t tc n 2.2 . t o be rem ov e d It-om the prlntt'd c i rc uit boa r d. A ft er
t'qu lpplng ste p 3. th e r-equfr-e d ou t put fr e qu e nc y '11' 11I be a va n a bl t' a t th e o ut pu t
I>t 3 .

2. 4 . FREQUENCY DI VID ER l"OR 5 0 kH z AND 10 kH z ( Four-th e t e p }

A ru rtht'r S N 7490 N (IC 6 l Is u sed In Btt' p 3 Il8 t r t' qut'nc y divi de r . Thla IB
red fr-om the 100 kll z o ut pu t lind Bu pplles 50 kth: and 10 kH z Bl gn a l B. T he ile
s l !Plal s a r e then Ied via tht' t wo r t' m a ln ln g ga le B 4c a nd 4d r ema in in g In e te p 3
I nd ted t o th e output vII t wo rt'malnlng In pu tB o r IC 5.

2. 5 . F REQUENC Y DIV ID E R F OR 5 kH z AND I kH z ( FHth ste p J

T hl B m odule m llY not be r e qu r r e d bee a u ee the t r t' qu e nc y s ta bil it y o r Bcale
a cc u ra cy o f a rec ei ver or transmit ter unde r tt' st m a y m ake II cali bration t o a n
acc uracy ot 5 kHz or I kH z r a t he r a upt' r n uouli . A ll In the prevlou 8 ete pe, a
S N 7 490 N ( IC 7 ) Is a illo u s ed wh erea B t he tw o ga tt'li ( 8a a nd 8b ) ot a furt her
SN 7400 N I IC 8 ) a r e u lled all e wttc h, The o ut put II a r e ailio c o mbined In ga te
IC 5 w hic h c pe r at e e a . a NO R- c ircu it.

Sillce th e de c o u plln i ot t he ga tea u8ed aa Bwltc hea III not to o hig h. all II pe cl r al
lille a a re m ore or le n m odulated wll h tht' 1 kll z 1I1gn a i a tte r eq ui p pi ng wit h the
la st t r e quE' nc y d tvtde r ( IC 7 ) . T hl B c a n le ad t o e r-r-or-a , The t wo la llt r e mai ning
Ir -e e iatE'. 8c a nd 8 d In IC 8 a re t jie r ero r e ue ed tor cont rol Ung IC 7 80 t hat It
o nly dlv ldeB wh e n th e 5 kH z or I kHz a lgna l Is r e qu t r-ed , In a ll ot her call1'll . It
r~ m a ln B bl oc ked via Ih e "r- e s e t " In put

It one s~l~ctB tor Inll tanc t' the " I kllz" a w ltc h In addit ion 10 a hi gher frequenc y
of t or exemple I MH z . th t' 1 Mll z al gna l '11' 11I be modu l ated with 1 ki Lt . Thl
how e ve r, doe . not occu r In a . Inu so ld a l ma nn er bu t a s a eq ue r ew a ve 110 th at
a 1 kH z s pec t r-um l a ge ne r-a te d a bove a n d below esc n 1 Mlh: li ne . T hi. c an be
ut 1l1ze d wh e n at very high treqven ct e e th e low - Fr-equen cy li nt's a rt' 100 w.. ak.
whe r r th e h igh trequt' nc y lIne B e ee IItli l IJu rrtc lt' ntly ... t ron g, By m o d ul atin g
high Ir-eque nc y s pec t r a l 1mI' . It I. th e r-e fo r-e po lllib le Co r lo w- Fr-eou e ncy Un"B
t o be he a rd .

- 199 -
 3. MO Ul fo1 CA T IO NS O F' T ilt: DAS IC C O NC t: P T
It th ~ a pe e rrvm gcne r eto r- la only t o be ex tc ndee for 10 kJh c.li b r. tlon m .rkera,
It l a po u lb le to uuu ee the a w lt c h Ln g po lb llll y menti on ed In Section 2. 5. ror
th e 50 k.llit/I O klh: d ivide r . In t hl l c.n t e p <I ( IC 6 ) I. deleted I nd. brldlle
I. m a de o n t he p rtn ted clrc uU bo.rd .0 th . t th e Inpu t o r th e IC 6 I c on nec tio n 14 1
I. con nec ted to th l:' output ( connec tio n Il l , IC 7 II now dlN-c tly re d w ith the
100 kll z . llPId en d w ill . u pply 50 kll z . nd 10 kll z , Th O' control Inpu t. 9 . nd 10
a re grou nded , Th e c o nt r ol ror 50 kil l, la now connec t e d to II, a nd 12 I. r" lIpon -
. I bl~ ror th ll' c o ntro l fo r 10 kll z , A ll w ll'ltpl alnO'd In S.' c tlon 2.5 " IC 7 I. o nly
. wltc hll'd on wh en th ~ 50 kllz or 10 kH z c. Ub r . tlo n m . rk e r ll a r-e r equ lrtd . In
o the r c ' l lI'l It II bl oc ked 10 th .t no II'rron c a n b.. ce u eed d ue to e pu r-Io ue
10 kll z o r 50 kJh m llrke n du ri n g o pe r.tlon o f th e 1 Mlh, 500 klh lind 100 kll z
m.rkt"n ,

4, OPI-:RATIONA L NOTI-:S
The lnt a r . t e d ci rcu ltll u lled r equire a ve l")' eceu rete o pe rall na volt w o r 5 V
:t O. 25 v for co r r ec t o pe r a tion , Thi s voltag e may no t be e xceeded c o n alde ee bly
( uppe r- li m it for IIh ort perlod ll 7 V) a inu' the Int e g rat d I t n,u; tu n' wil l be d e-
atroyt' d , Th ill la .110 valid Ior- eh c rt Inl f'rfll'renc e pul . e l , T he wh ole c i rc u it
mu at th er-efor-e be o pe ra ted frtl m I autflcle nt ly a ta bl e I nd we ll n ne r e d vo ltaito
ecu r-c e , T he a trnpl e I t l bUll e r alv ton In F laure 6 I. aul tl ble for thi l . T he u ' ne r
di ode ehou ld be found t'x pt."rlmen tally eo that the voltaKc at the ou t pu t or th e
. t a bllizer la well within tht' t ete ran ee IImlt l o f 4. 75 V to 5 , 25 V. Tht, adj ult -
m ent o r tn e volt' a~ m Ul l be m ad e und er- load (app ro x. 150 rn A ) lo r whic h a
rt' llltor of 33 n /l W II lu it abl~ . Only an ~r the voltalllt." II with in tht' t ol eran ce
l im it , II 11 poili ble for the load rt'11.tor t o be r-em oved an d t he volta ie lourc e
c o nnec t ed t o the s pe c t rcm ge ne r-a t o r- , A. menti o ned in the Int roducllon ,a a pt'c lal
volt ' a ll' IItabUller w Ul be de ec et bed In part I( of th l . *t r h.

If a lo we r vo lt'ae II Ie d to the Intea n ted ci rc uUa , th ey w1ll not be d.m ' lt."d,
but co r r ec t o pe r a tion cannot be au ar. ntl' t' d.

u. T NoftIinoI....
12 V . 5V

=:.10~
' -,
' DHBG

""
1 1I'~\/ I
T, 2 N 111:1. 2 N 22111221&
8S1l .... ~ .-ill'l cooI ir.g ti na
5, C O NST R UCT ION
A doubl e eeoeted prlnt e d c i rc u it board mu et b", u . e d for c o nllt ruc tlon of th e c a.
HbraUon a pec t rum i",ne r a tor ot ht' rw ill l" th t' nl"c e l l iry connl"c Uo n. c a nnot b..
m ede , If . I inilt'- coa ted P C _bo l rd were t o be ule d. It wou ld be nec e e ry
tor II lara e number o r win' brld i t' . to bt' p rov ided , Thl . , noweve r , wo uld
re lult In e r r or l ou rc e. Ind would makl' th e conat r-uctto n m o rt' diffi cu lt

200 -
Th~ conltnicUon of the ""ry xtenetve circu it tl Ilm pllfh'd ,rl'atly by ulin, Ih e
N.'la tlvl'ly ex pe netve dcubte-eca ted board w it h throulhcontac tl . Tbe prlnt t'd
circuli bol rd POII"IIH'I th. dl m l'nllo nl 6S m m 130 m m I nd II the r-efo r-e au lt
abl t' for ac c omm od at ion In a m od lla r call' euc h al th . T EK O 4 A. The conn ee -
tlonl e r e made "I 13 pol" cc nnec tor- , T h l. meana tha t . com pl .. t t'ly ,c r l"l'n.. d
plulln module II obtet ned, t 'urthl'r d.. ta UI of th l l Iyat l'm we r e d"lc r l bfod In
0 1. If th e mccct e II not to be> plulI"d. loldl'r t a , l ca n be In l ~rt l' d in lt" ad of
the connector Itrlp. 'The pr-Inted circuit board II de a lgu tt'd DJ .. HO 00": Flg. 7
I howa th t' cond uc tor aldl'. 'I' he conduc to r lan"l on the compon"nt I ldt' a l wt'll I I
th .. com ponent loc ation pla n a rt' giv.. n In Vlgun- 8 .

S. I . NOT t:S Rt:GARDING T llf; CO NST RUC T IO N

Wh.. n obl~rvlnl t he u .... a l p r t'cau tlonl w llh lJtmlconduc torl. no d lf fic ultl"l Ihould
occ ur. T h. conatructlo n II m ad.. favou rab ly by compll-ting o ne I tag.. " nt'r th e
et her- a nd c h,'c kl ng th .. tu nctlon . ettor corn pteucn o f c h ataKt' . Com me nci ng
..... lth th .. oacUlator. the co nat ruc tion la ma ul' aa folio :

An l'r 1I0ldl' rina IC I onto the P C- bo a rd In th e cor- rec t polition Ind ic at e d by thl'
notch on th e u pp.. r lurfatl', th e ncminal ope' r a ting vo ltlgl' il connec ted , A po wer
Bupply II l u lta bll' ..... hos e ou tput voltage u n be vBrll'd from 0 V. If thi. i l nOI
poilible. a po t ent tom ete r ahou ld b.. c onnec t ed In th e o' >t'rating vo lt a ge 1.. a d
(apilrox . I k n ) a nd th .. re ili t an ce va lu t' r ..d uc ed In ate pl. Tbe c e r-r-ent nowin g
t hrough t hO' c irc uit 18 now m ....u r-ed 10 th at thl' tu n I ho rt-ci rc u it cu r rent ca nnot
now t h ro ugh th .. c i rcuit If the IC ha l be-.. n Inco r rl'c tly connec ted, On o btain ing
th .. nom in al vol tagf' ( pctenuc me te r to 0 n I. a c u r-r-em of I pp rodma tt' ly 12 rn A
ahould be> m ..alurt'd ( d.. via tlo na u p t o a m a ximum o r 22 m A aN.' pt'rmlall bl e , .
Wit h hi gh e r cu r- ren t valut'., It aho uld b.. c hl'c ke d to a.. to ..... h..th l'r th l' Intelfra t ..d
ci rcuit ha a bee-n ln cor-rectfy Ina.. rt ed o r ..... htthe r any a ho rtc lrc uUI ha ve be e n
m ad.. on ao ldl' rl nll th .. cluI.'ly a pec d It' gl o f t h.. Int " lra tl'd clrcu Ul ,

Aft e r t hil. n'a iltor. R I to R ". capac ltorl C I. C 2 e nd C 3 a a we 11 a l the

c ryatal ho ld .-r ar.. aold.. red Into pla c e : ho..... .. v .. r-, th e c rya tal la n ot Inee rted,
A c u r r ..nt of a pproldma te ly 35 mA will then n ow wh ich w l1l be r .. du ced to
a pp rodm at..ly 25 mA aftl'r In llt' rt lng the c r y lllta l , T he tundllml'ntal l ie na l of t h..
c ryll t.1 oldUa to r ca n now b.. m onito red on a medium w. "e bra.dca .t r t' c e l vt' r .
o r th(' hann o nlc a o n a .ha rt wave re ceiver. The frt'qu.. ncy . hould bl' IlIih t ly
va rlabl(' w ith th (' trlmml' r ca pacito r C 3 with out caulin. th l' olcillatio n to c e aae.
T he rt'ct'i".. r ca n b(' con nl'c tl'd to Pt 2 vi a . c a pacitor of a f.. w plc ora r a d . It il
r .. com m .. nd .,d th at a l rou nd con nec tio n be> provldl'd .0 tha t no t r.n lmlHera c . n
b.. Ind uct' d In to the rt'c .. I"l' r ( cau t io n I hou ld bt' maul' w ith AC-DC -rl'ct'l " er. ) ,
In IItep 2. " .1. In th .. pula t'lha pe r . th t' out pu t al,nal will a ppt'ar at Pt 3. S InCI'
101,11'('1' Im ped.ncl' o r .pproxima l"'}y 60 n II p r e l ",nt at th la poait lo n . Jt m a y
be> mON! ra vou r abl e fo r r t' c e lvt'rl w ith co.xial in put l .

T h.. co nat Nc Ho n I. e xtl'ndt'd In a . imUa r ma nn er Ita i~ ror . ta ll' In th e o rde r

o f th t' Inte, r . tt' d circuit num bera , A rt er In l tallat ion o f IC 1 to IC S. th ...wit c h-
Inl bl' ha vl our o f th t' first I w ltc h ing at all'1 il cht'c k.. d by at' lec t ln,. fo r In .tanct'.
500 kH z ( th t' o the r (npull mUl t bl' g roundl' d I a nd o ble rv lnl an hlnn on lc . If the
Input o f th l' Il tt' laaociated wllh 500 kHz I. groundt' d. th t' II JTl II I t rl'ngt h aho uld
bt' r ..d uc .. d notlc l' .bly . A wid t'band o.cllIo.co pe' I. vt' ry u I ~tu l fo r thi l t t' lt
( p robl' t o Pt 2 o r 3; hori zonta l de n"'c tlon accor dlnl to tht' frt'q ut'n cy In qUf' .t1on;
Il'nlltiv lt y } V / cm ). How t' ve r . U c a re la t a ken. the c l ll b r l tlo n . pt'c t rum II'
nera t or ca n be c hl'c ked I t ale fo r at l l e by U l tt'n ln l to th e hann onl c l ,

- 201 -
 Fit . 7 : pc . bge, d OJ .. SQ, doutJ ~I.cI . with throvv"-NltKtI

1 c :: : :~
50.
I SP :t U ~
0 0. 0 0. 0

c: :: : :~ c ;: : :~
~
100 .
.: ~' l C ~: : : ~ .L C ;: : :~
011- t T,,"
4 7n
T""

Fit. I ; Componef\'t .... 0 1 OJ.. S G 004

- 202 -
6. C A Ll B llATION
A ll 101111 1111 t h. I'0 lllll bl ll ty dO"11 not .. dil l ror Un' alli nmt'n t to boo m ad. (>llactly
to I Ml b u llin a a frl'l!u .. no:y count e r. It III uaually made by b"a Uni o n" o r th e
harmoni c . w1th a IItandllrd rr..qu ..nc y I r a n llmU I.. t-, If a IIhort wav.. r .. c e I" l'r I,
not IIva ll llbh. wit h which t ht, 5 101Hz o r 10 MH z harm onic can boo com plllN'd w ll h
WWV o r o t h.. r IItllndll rd fnoqut' ncy t r llnllm ltt t' r i. It I. po lbl.. ror th e ha r-monle
or tl1l'IOO klh ou tpu t or IIh' p 3 to b.. com pa n' d wit h thl.' loni- wav.. tran am ltt e r
Dr-ottwlch on 200. 0 nn klh . The fr" q uI'n c y .. r-r-or- of thl. I ranllm ltt .. r I. It' . . than
10 - 8 a l the r- ece lv.. 10<'1I110n. II I. o nly Ilt' c t' a llll r y rcr a broadcallt rec e ive r co-
" .. rlna tht' lo ng -w a vlE' band that po to a "mailic t'Yt''' o r .Imlla r tunln a Indl-
c a lo r 10 b.. u ae d. On . w lt c h ln a on Ih .. c a li b r a t io n . ptc t M.l m apnl'rator. a btoat
tr quo'nc y t. usually h,'anl. Trlmm.. r ca pac ito r C 3 I. no w allgrwd a. accu ra tl'ly
a .. po Ible to ~ .. ro bo.'al. lI o w. ve r , tho' allgnmpnt shou ld be m . de a rte r t he
cry.tal o lld ll a t o r ha . l n-..n In Opt ration fo r eome Hmt' . 0 t hat t r a n. I" llt .. crect.
w ill no l occu r. Jr thr - c a ll b r a tlo n Itpl'ctrum gcn .. r-at o r- I. allanl'd 110 that a b.. at
rr.. qu ,-nc y of I..... tha n I li z n' ltu ll . wh .. n c ompari ng It to Ih e 200 kHz tran l .
rnlt t .. r Ur o lt wh'h, ( p. g. t h p magic eye rcquln' . lonal'r than 1 II In bo-t w ee n th e
madmum and min imum . l lIna l . t rc nalh Indicatt'd I. the frt'qu t'ncy of th e cali -
b ration IIIM'ctM.lm lIt'n e r a to r will devl.It, by It- Ihan 5 .. 10 - 6 from th e .tandard
frt'quo-ncy. A devtatt on o f I li z from thf' lIta ndard frt'qu.. ncy n-ane mt ne r WWV
o n 10 Mi lt wo uld mean a fn'qut' m 'y 1I~'Curacy ot IU i n 'at a I II 10 . 7 , Ho we ve r,
Ihl l vahlO' c a nnot l n- mal ntalno'd ovvr II lonll pe rtcd e tnce tht' c ry a la l I. not e n-
clo e ed In a n o vo' n; Ihla mt'an ll that a h -mpt-r al u r l' va r iation of I /I0 0 C wUl
c a u ,,' a n o-quaUy a rt..at fro-qut-nc y v. rI. lion.

T hllll Ilhuw . that It I. m Ort' a ccur-ate 10 c cmpa r e- lilt' out pu t of th e c . lI b r . tlo n

1I1"'l"'lrum g"n t' rato r to WWV tha n to th o' lo ng- wav t' t ranamt t ter-, Wh o' n r elf\l lar
l"' a li ll r a \l un Is mad.' 10 WWV , one will . I...... y . b... b l.. to mai nta in th .. rr e qu e nc y
do-vlalion low .. r Ihltn r c-" . This a ho uld b.. lIuffl c le nt for vlrtu.lly .11 a m. t ..ur
applk c etion II ll1 h.. r a ('('uracl., . a r l" poeetble whl' n t he cry . t.l osdllalo r la
sy n('h runb .. t1 to II/ontll.l rd t r .. quo-nc y t r. n.mitt.. r u s ing a n .ddltlon.l . ttac hmt' nt .
Suo' h au .. Ua c hm o-nt lit 10 b.. d,'lI c rib.. d In I'a r t III or thi s . .. rlt' II,

7. 1' 111>: INTEG llATim cmcu rrs ANt> t:QUIVAU: NT T Y I'ES

On ly t h r .. d lero,rt' nt typo-. of InWg r .h-d cl rc UUlI .r.' u so'd In th t' d"lIt" rlb~d c. '
IIbrlllion 1I 11t'ct ru m g t' rw r a to r , Tho' ll" . r p the SN 7 400 N which co mp Ti." 1I fou r
ga lt- II " a c h havlna t wo In po t ll ( 111"1' Fi g. 9a for t hl" . ock.,t con nl' c llo na I. S N 74 30 N:
a Iotat" wit h 8 In put ll ( 111"1- FIJI . 9 u I, all Wt'" Ih., do'c a d.. count.. r SN 7490 N.
T h" latto'r Inlt' llr llh' d c1rt-uH c o nllili t. o r a c h.ln or 4 nlp -nopa th ai can bt' u ...d
a ll I/o 2 : I And. 5 : I frNlul-ncy d lvld.. r ( F1" 9 c ).
It t he o rlili na l Tf' ..a . In lltrumo-nt'. IYIM-a .,. 0"" av.lI.bll/', th. rollow ln, ta bll'
lI all oqui v.l,nt ty po' S o r t>t h,' r c o m pa nl e ll:
T .... 'ut In lltr. A t:(j - T FK Na t ional S lt' ml'n a Sp rague T ra naUron
S.'mlcond.
SN 740n N TG HOn N IlM 8000 N 10'1.1 1 101 SN 7400 N T G 74 00 E
SN 'l4 JU N Tet HJO N U M 80 JO N FLU 131 SN 74 30 N TG 7 43 0 E
SN 74 9 0 N TG 7490 N U M 8SJ O N 10' 1..1 161 5N 7490 N T G 7 490 E

Nationa l S.'m \('ondu c! "r allto Ullt-.. th .. .. m ,' SN -tYlw nu mbo-r T pll.lI In. tru -
1I1.'nllt In ttdditlu n to Ih .' nM dO'III11IlA llonll.

- 2 03 -
 Fit . 8 I : SodIIt ~ionI of SN 7400 N

z , 4 , e
6
Ub
u
A
12
B
u , ,x
"
Fit. 8 b: SodIIt oonrMCtion, of SN 7430 N

1
C
,
o G
3 4
H
,J o
1

01
12
04
n
o
~
,
OJ

1 3 4 , , 1
B "02 u" ..., R"

Fig. 10: Photogrlph oI l protot yp" cehbrlt ion ~.um .....I to, OJ. 8a 0lM
1"" .-... - - .1
 9 . A VA ILAB L E PART S
Th OI' p rlnl .. d circu li board OJ 4 BG 0 04. va rlou. irh.ll v ldua l component e and a k it
IrOl' IVlnlb lOl' f rom t h.. pubU.hlr. o r thl'ir naUonal r"p""' , nt.Uv ; p i ...
I d v.r1I .ln, pa, e,

10. REt"ER EN C ES
(I) D. E . Sc h m ltn r: P lu , - In Modulu Equlpm.n t
VHF C O MMU NICATIO NS 3 ( 19 7 1). t::dit lon 2. P I , . . 107- 109
(2) D. E . Schm it nr : Ba . h: OI, U. 1 Circuit.
VJIt' C O MMU NIC A T IO NS 3 ( 19 711. Ed Won 3. P . , . . 150155
(3) TOI' ... . In .trumOl'nl .: Storl .... 5 4 Cry.tal Coat eo l fe d O . d lllto r
Th OI' N.two rk N. w No 10 2 ( :n . o c, 19 6 6 )
(4) H. G Otl ln . Ind D. E . Sc h m llzOI' r: A Tra n.llto rlzOI'd C.ll br'llon SfH'clrum
G ll'nll'r al or Cor Tw o M.. rre e
vur C O M MU NICA T IO NS (2) 19 70 . Ed it io n I . P a l u 41 -44

NOTES AND IMI'IW VE M E NT S TO T il E DC 9 MD

M INI WA L KY - T A L KY

SOI'v.r11 nn p ro ve m e nte hlYOI' come t o the no tic . o f th e pu bli, ht' rl which hlv t'
been OI' vl lul tOl'd ,

I, PRI NT E D C IRCU IT BOARD

T hOI' mlnufl c turll'r oC th Ol' p rintll'd c ircu li board ue 9 MO 001 unCor1unltOl'ly u ....
thOl' o ld . prOl'!1minlry drawl n, Co r pr in t ln ,lht' board . A n u m bOl'r at Ih...t' print t'd
circuit board. W Ol'~ dOl'IiYOI' ~d bl!'!or. th.. C.ult was nOllc ..d, T h..... p ri nt e d circ uit
boardl havt' tw o OI' rro rl :
I I ThOI' OI'ml ttOl' r o f tr.n . tat or T 50 i, nol .round.. d; Imlll lolde r b rl d llt' I.
n t'1:OI' I"ry .
bl ThOI' ",Iillo ra R 3 0. R 31 . R 32 .nd clpadtor e
4 3 In the vki nlty of I ran
Iltor T 8 mU lt be loldt! rt"d a how n in t he dlallram 10 tho' cond uc to r la nt' .
wh ich . rOl' lom ll'w ha t dirft'rl'n t t han th .. prln h'd plan. Th.. diairarna of the
prlnt.d circ u it bo ard glv"n In t :d ltlon 2/1971 art cor-er-ct ,

2, SEMICON DUCTOHS
In .ome c a ..... It ha ll lw.. n notk .d that Ih., r ..c .. ly. o llc Ullito r (T 6 ) d.... 1J not
o.c lll.tOl' a t rong .. nou gh o r no t .. t n il ",llt'n u lIln g lh.' wlv.' n tl 'lIl1 l1l"tol' li e 10 8
( low con ve r . lon ga in and th u . r euu ... .d 1lt'Il. itlvlty "f ttlt' rt lv.r ) , Till' r , 'I1 I1" n
fo r thl , I, th e 10 .... c o tt ec to r c u r-rr-n t of thl, filall l' .... h l... h cau 100 10 .... II tra ll ilit
Ir-equenc y, T r lll. l , t o r typt , lit" 224 . 2 N 9 111 or ot f n-r- H t' trall .i .lora a r .. " re -
tOl'r,ble , It hI ' bee n fou nd th at dl", lt, 1 N 4 14 11 III. mort.' auUault' fo r f rt'qu " ncy
modulltion o f the t r ln lmit h 'r Iha n tt u- ,," h' r ty, '" I N 9 14 .

- 205 -
3. COIL DATA
L S : 28 lurn l of 0 .2 mm dll. ( :t2 AWG I a nd not 0. 4 mm dl a . (26 AWG)
t'namt'lleod c oppe r wi r e .
L SI : :t t urn l of 0.8 mm dil . (20 AWG 1 Inl lud of I mm dla . (1 8 AWG)
IU ve r - p ll t t' d co ppe r wt r-e ,

4. CAP AC IT ORS
T he t r an lm ltt er ca n be IlliJIed m o", e l lU y when I lower c e pec n ane e typ e i l
und for C S8 ( e . e . :t. S - 13 p F I.

It II p refl'ra ble rcr- cl pacito r C 14 to be IS pF inl tud of 20 pF 10 th at th e nu t

I F Ir ln l fo nn e r U-' I II not load ed t oo e r t'a t ly. Othe ewtee , it la lom e Um ea diffi -
cu lt fo r th e fou r Int ermedllte c l rc u lta ZF 1 to Z F 4 t o be aUiJled t o a com mon
fre qUl'n cy .

S. INTE RCONNECT IONS

So me Ic re t' nt'd c l blel al'l'm t o be un l u lt a ble fo r conn l' cU n e the t r a nl m ill er ou t-
pu t a nd r t' c d ve r Input, T oo th in a microphone clbl" I hoil id not be ueed .

6. MICR OPHONE
Thl' o r l (l na l microph one ty pe MM 21 {Spnnhel n r 1 18 n o lo nge r m anuf . c t llr " d .
Type B.4 _22 { Bey er I II d n liJIe d fo r nol l e com pr n ll Uon whe n in ltlUt'd In
ht' l d,,'t . Ah r r mountlne Int o the c a . ine of Ihe Wi l ily -tal ky, it wa . fou nd t hai
thl' r e l potl l l' wa l r a th er m llfOl'd. T hl8 erre ct c a n be Ivold ed by co ve rlnl the
r to a r of th e m ic r ophon e with I ee rt a dh e ll ve mat erial .

7. SE NSIT IVIT Y
T oo Iow a l to nl ltlv ity c a n , I ' p r t' vlou aly m ent tcn e d, be dil l' to th e rl ct that tho'
loc al ol cil la t o r o r th l' r e cetve r- II no t provl din l en ou gh vo ll ill'. An ot her me a ne
of Inc r"" I !ne th .. l to nl Ulv lty II by re ducing the v, lul' o r th e l'ml tll'r r l' l l l t o r
R I o r Ir l nl i l l or T I 10 68 0 Q 820 Q.

- 206
 STRI PLIN ES FOR VHF A ND UHF
by K . ll uprn , DJ J E E

Th~ ro Uow in & artic1~ d l' acrlbl' a how al ri pHn e drcuita c a n be dl' al gn l'd t-a .lly
a nd wit h autriclent a c cura c y . Ba alc prin dp le a are t o be slve n for th e d t m en,
lionin i ot I t riplinl'1 ot uie r l' qulrl' d Im pl'dlnce. In ductlvity o r e epac tt anc e,

J. GE NERAL
Th l' e lec tron ic a in du lt ry hi ve be en u l ln i the we ll -known p rint e d circuit boa rd li:
to r som e time now . O f ccu r-ee , I t low tre qu e ncle l , th e wh ol e aim of th l a te-c h -
nlqu l' i a 10 p r ovide tn re r c cnne ct tcne In t he m o et ec o no mi cal a nd reUablt' m an n e r',
Th l a ha l r-e e u. lte d In i reat a pac t' la vinia al nce th e wlrln i la l irntted 10 a a lngll'
pla ne u nder the c o m pcne me . Furt herm o re , th e atabllUy o f th e wiri ng ha a been
Inc r-ea ee d cona id l!' r a bly . One on ly ha a to ccne t de r In old Ua to r and th e Ir-e qu enc y
variati on I that wou ld be c a u I l!' d by a U ihtly a h in ln ll t he wlrin ll.

H c wev e e, t he fo11o wln& c onaldt' ra tio na e r e 10 be I1m lt l'd e .pecll1ly \0 t he t'h c

trl c al bl'h a vlo u r a nd applicati o n o r . t r lpll ne circ uit. In the frequl'n c y ran ge of
100 MH ~ to 4 GH~ and t o a ho w how Unea and mat chl n& netw ork a can be m a nu -
fa ctured wit h t ne corre c t Im pe da nc e.

2. I MPE DAN CE
Thl!' Im pedanc e Z o f a r a d io Is-e que ncy l in e ( ballncl'd o r c oa lli a l c a bte ) l a de -
fi ned by Ita Ind ue t tv tt y a nd c e pec nence pe r unit ot leneth . It th.. Hne 10 &ll t' _
a re n e i le cte d. th e Impedance Z ca n be cal c u lated a ccordi ng t o the foll owine
equa tion :
Z
(n )
l CL'eHl '
'(Fl

Coaxial cable a a r l' pr-efer- r-ed for th e Ir an. m l a d o n o r RF - eneriY due t o th t' sood
I c reenln g a nd unbelan c e 10 g r o und a nd becau s e m o at am pllfierl are built up in
a non'l ymm t'trlcal conrigu r allo n. Flgurt' 1 _howa t ne l'qul vale nt ci r cuit d la e r am
of I coadal cablt' .

.,....,....rv-n....,....rrn"T---- ~
_ L n L

F i gurt' a 211 to 2e II lu lt ral e a t'vt'ra l m echan ica l rorm a of R ~ lI n t' l . T ht' t ran a Ul on
f rom coa llia l ce bte 10 _t ri pl1nt' c a n be foll o wt'd s t ep-by - step f r om .a to e . 8y
ad dln e " ma l t'rlaI wit h a hi gh retett ve dl elec t et e co na ta nt r a nd a h1ft ln s t he
Inne r c o nd uc t o r , th e line e nc wn In Fli\lre 2c fa modified t o a c o n fl au r a Uo n a a
ri ven in Figure 2d . Onto c a n Imaslne tha t virtually t he wh ol e RF - e ne r iY la
cc nn eec within the a pac e Hm tted by t he tw o conduc tl n, au r face a A a nd B. If
the r e la li on a hip of 11 th I_ i r e a t f'n ourh . wa U a A , C and D ca n be nt' i lt'ctt'd,
which will r e au lt In I _t ri pUn e ... aho wn In Fleu re 2e hlvini a pp r oxim at ely tht'
same RF - cha ract erlall c a a a a c oa :r.Ia l c a bl e . T he Impedenee Z ia d ept-nd t'nt o n
tht' dlm t'n al on a w. h, d an d B aa we ll aa on t he r e laUvl' dt elec r r-tc c o n a t a nt t r '

2 07 -
 e.
FIg. 2: Trl nJit ion from co..1lI1c:.bll to strlpline

The calc ula Uo n of th e reaultlnr im pedan c e Z I. com plicated in comparlaon t o

th e . im ple build up o f t he Une 11'1 Fleure 2e. The prac tic al de.lrne r uie re rc re
Ul e a I rra ph lc r e pr.... em a ttcn fr om whic h t he dim en . lon . r e qu t re d to o btain a
r iven Im peda nce ca n be calculate d ea aU)' . An e r -ror- of ~ " I ti ll ac ce pta ble .
F leuM' 3 gtv.... a ra m n )' of cu evee fr om whi ch it 1a po ib!e to r e .d off the
impeda nc e Z of thE' at r t pl tne a. a fun c ti o n o f m e dime n . lo n . w. h and the r e -
la tiv e dielec t ric conlilta nt r '

The ba ae a r ea of t h e . trlpl1ne . huuld have a min im um width of B 3 w for an

undl .turted t r an . m l a a lon of th e R F . ene r lY . Howe ve r , thl l la 01'11)' vali d fo r low
impe dan c e a of up to s en. At im pe da nce. of 70 n to 1 20 n , th e wi dth . ho uld be
B l lOw , If th la ru l e i a Iollow ed , no unw an t ed cou pl1nr will be m ade t o other
circ uit

Iz

'. 5 e 7 I e

Fig , 3 : F1mily of curv.. f Of t IM imp!lnce Z 01 ttnp!ine ... f unct io n of ..... h .nd t: f

- 208
II is Ildvhable t o ke ep th e t hick ne h a m a ll pc I ble , The low er di .per -
e tcn o f the fi eld line. re l ulh In le cou pli ng 10 ot he r er rc cu . In a d di tio n
to (h i l, t he . u rfllce cu r r entl o n Ihe ou l . ld of both conducto r. ( I trl pllne a nd
g round l wIll be r e duced a nd with it th e 10 .

The r e latl o n .hip d/h II a llO of im po rta nc e fo r th e exac t det e rm tn at to n o f th ..

Impe danc ... Z . With t h e m a t eria l . u sed In ou r e x a mp le wllh h 2 mm a nd
d ... 3~ ~ . d/h .. O. ~ and need no longer be con.i de rt' d . T hh m e a n. th at t he
curve. g1vt' n In Fi gure 3 a r t' lu tricle nt for de te r mination o f the im pe da nc e Z
o f a a trl pHn e ,

T he calc ula tio n o f thl' impl' da nc l' Z o f a It r ipli ne il now to be neec r-lbcd with
the ai d o f a n e xample : A 50 n Hne il t o b.. m anu fa ctur- ed on a dcubte-coate d
P C -bo ard ha v in g the thic knel. h 1. 6 m m.

Wha t are the wid th . of t he eu-t pltne and th e ball' area? A value of r 5 csn
be eeecm ed for "'poxy P C board mate rial.

T he r eq ufr e d va lu"' l a re fou nd in the g ra ph by follo wing th e 50 n line on th e

ve rtical IIcale of Flgu r ", 3 un t H th e tn te re ec t tc n with th e r 5 cu rve . Th e
r ela tionlhl p of w Ih 1. 8 0 ca n th en be r e a d o rr o n t he horhon t al Icale.

Th e re lu lt I. : w. h x 1.8 1. 6 x 1.8 2.87 mm

Thl . m ean. that a 2.87 mm w id e IIt ri pli ne m Ul t be etc hed on to the prinl.. d clr-
cu Lt board. Th e baee Ilr e a wid th IIho uld be ap p r ox im a t e ly 3 x 2.87 _ 9 mm ,
Thl l me a ne that ot her lin e . a nd ci rc u it. ehoutd be spaced a t 1.. lll t 4.5 mm
t rom th e I trl pll ne In ou r exern ple ,

2.1. TRANSITION: ST R IP LI NE T O COAXIA L LINE

A ~ O n coaxial connecto r ( e . g. B NC ) II to b e co n nec ted t o I ~ O n at ripU ne
at lo w tmpeda nc e -dteconununy, If t h e t rana nton I. m a d e al . ho wn in Flgu rl' 4.
a . t a ndlng wa ve ri lio o f lell tha n 1. 2 will bl- oblainl'd tor fre qu t"nciell up to
~ GH r..

Fill. 4: Low-dilCOnt i""ity tranlition b. tw_ Jtti ph.... nd c:ouial connKtor

Th e ho le " a " o n the ground IIlde of t he boa rd In f' igure ~ may not b.. Mil g rt'at
aa t he In n...r dla mel.. r of th e o ullr c ond uc t o r o f t h e coaxial c o n ne cto e-, A good
a pproximatio n hi ale "", 1.5.

- 209 _
2.2 . P LA NNI NG T HE C O NDUC T O R LA NE
Aa men t tcnec In Sec t ton 2, th p dlmpnalona of the ~'P a r pa an' .Ivpn
D C I Ow. No othpr IInp. m.y be loe. tp d withi n t hl re .

A. c.n be se e n in Flru r p .. . . th e co rn e ra are dplrtpd wh pn th .. c o nduc t o r te oe

l a b.. nt by 90 on t he P C -board . Thi. 1. be ceuee .troni e ll'c trlc.1 fleld a wou ld
o t h prw i. .. b... p r e a l' nt wh ich would ne ve the sa m... ("ftt c t .a In c r .. " ai n. m e line c a -
pa cita nce C ' ( Fli . I [ , By cut Hni th e cornpra di"ion.lly, c e rt. ln eorn pe n -
li o n ceeu e e wh ich .1I0 w. a SWR Ii 1. OS : I to be o bt. lned .

3. Rt:SONA NT LENG T II 0 1" T ilE UN E

11 fa wpll kn own In tr. n .ml ion Une the o ry th.t (h e Pro paialio n s p e e d . t
r > 1 no l onie r c o r- re eponde to c bu t I. to the villue o f I/fr;. le .. : T h l.
ml"a n. that the mec han ical Ipn rth o r a Hn e fa by factor Vrt:;
leaa t han th e
wa yrl e n j1h ~ .

t :. . m pj e r A ~ { 2 loo p la u at'd u ba lun . U air wa a u e e d a. di elec t r ic ,

tht' follo wlr' i woul d be vaUd a t 1. 3 G ll z:
c 30 00 00 0
~.r 1300
kIn
II: G ll z
) 0. 23 m or za c m

and A{2 I1. S c m

Howe yr r, if RF c a b) .. l a ua.. d wit h I r 2. :5 th.. m e chanlcal
Ie nrth o r t he A/ 2 loo p la o nl y :
I 23
~ / 2 Ii '(C; ~ . 1 . 9cm

Th l. calculat i on of t h.. ruona nt ....a ve l("nrt h l a on ly vali d ro r the trlpl at .. ty p..

o r a t rt pUnt'S ( Fli . S [, In thl a CU P, the who le velu m .. of the RF -Iln r l a rlll.. d
w ith th p d i..lpc t r lc wh ic h mpa na that th e . a mp co nd ltlo na Plliat a . ror c oa ll:\ a l
c a ble with pl . IUc di..!pct rl c .

~ ... -..
Thl l II not valid ro r th (" atr iplln.. . I hown In t"l",rp a 3 a nd " . A a can b.. Ir l'n
In " I", r e 2(>, not aU rt .. ld li nea a r l' com pl e t .. ly within the dt eleqtr tc , Th e ma i o
nltud e , 'r u ae d rc r the calc ulation o r th e r t' l on a nt le nrth of t h.. lint' l a only at
Vf!ry I m a U a padnil c o r r ... po nding t o I: r ' In . 11 ot hp r caapa, ~ 'r ( L r' T hla
r e a ul ta in a r e aon ant Un.. I.. nrth ~l:'r th at la betw e en ~I: r I a nd Al: r

Tw o c u r ve a a,.. . Iv e n In "'Iru '" 6 fo r pract ica l purpoapa from wh ic h It la

po.al ble to determine th.. r e aon a nt l int' It'nrth 1 aa a tu nc tlon of th t' conl truc tl o n
w Ih and the d lplt' ctrlc co n. t a nt ~ e-

Tb e u e e of th la dl a iram II t o be px pl a lnt'd w ith th t' a id o r a n n: ampl t':

Rt' qulrpd I, a AI"tr.ndormer fo r matchini tran a lat or t o a ao urC't' Im pt!danc e
o rz son .
R B E ( a . .umed to b.. r.a l ) 15 0 n: Zaou rce SO n; f 4 32 MH z .
Thp Im pt'danc .. o r t he AI"
lin e la ca lcu l a t pd a a foll o.... . :
Z VRB E x ZaO\l rcp V SO II 15 0 V7 S00 86 . 6 n

21 0 -
 H t he st rlpll ne Is 10 built up on a do uble cco a te d P C bo ard matt- rial or
r . 5. 0. a r a ti o or w / h As4 .8 wUl resu lt.

H t ht' die lectric is 1. 6 mm th ic k. the etr-I plfne w Ul have a width o r

w 4.8 1.6 7.7 mm ,

T he c u r ve. given In FiiUre 6 allow the r e qu i r ed le ngth 1 t o be de te rm fn e d t

),S L r ( e: r. h, w 1
'.
A t e: r 5 and w / h 4.8, a 0 .55 ),0 18 o bt a ine d t or ),SL /), o ' The re sonant
wavele ngth w ith al r die lectric t e r 1 ) a mount s to 70 ern ,

The le n gt h ot the ),/4 .t rlpllne 18 :

I

-,-
), S L 0.5.5 x
, ),g
,
0. 55 x 70
9.6 c m

~ ~ Str. l
'0 / ';/.1-/ ,, /'
1
, I II
Cr - 2
,

I I
,
81J'ipl'"__-,;'" A.....
"''''- '''1\ - ,
-
-
, .5
-

n i
, ,
"
F irg. 8 : Str ip"'" _ I...;th " 8 f unct ion of me magnitud.. of w/h .nd 1h1 diel ctTlc COna1an1 f

- 2 11 -
. , R E AC T IVE IM P E DA NC E or A STRII'L INfo:
. , 1. IN DUCT IVIT Y AN D CA I' AC IT A NCE
A a c a n be al'l' n In fo' liU "' I , In R F lin.. Cl n b,' a .. urned to b e a n LC-c l rcult ,
A pte c e o( une ha v in il a Il'n ilth o( 1 .:ii "- 18 I. o:o q ul vl h 'nt t o I TT o r T - c lrcu lt al
aho wn In F l ilur.. 7, T he Induc llvlty I. a nd th e capacl tanc~ C u n bf' (' a lc u la t f'd
a . (o llow I '
,.,
z

L'T L'T

~ Fit- 7: Equiwal... t c:ir Wlh

-- 1--
Fit- 11: 1 , c:Hc:un

A I al ready m e n uon e d , only 1,' nlCt h. of I "' "- 18 a r e 10 lot, con.ld.'r.'d. A etm ple
equauc n ca n be ill Vl'n lor th., ci rc uit:

L L n-. ( , . c
l'i;
wh l'nby C II th e s pee d of light 1 3 II 10 10 c m/a )

In th l' c a ll' o f th e T - c1rc u lt , th e lo ll o wl n i la vaUd fo r th l' Indllc tlv ity Llr

1Jr . Zf / 1 ,
From th e t wo l'quationl a nd F Ill" r f' 7 II ca n bl- seen th l t: L it"'.

The ca plc lt l nc t! ecrn p o nen t e C;,. Ind C T cln Ih~o lol' ca !culat l'd lo r I ho rt !t'nlilthl
o f Une :
Cr 7. II 2v Z II V

Th l l mean e Ih a t CT 2Clr,

fo' or R F 11111" of Z > 60n , thO' va lu,," C lr can be n" il.'ct..d In th., O'IrulvalO'nt
circ u it l ive n In F liu,," 7 provltHni t ha t th., IOUrc .. and tr rml natl ng Im pt'da n n ' l
I re no t t oo g r-ea t , It mAy lo., ne e ... "a ry fo r It 10 lo., Includt'd In Ih . r-elc uluuon
In lom e calPI, whic h I" ullua lly po.llblt',

A l a n l'lli mple, the l1'l"'a nd C ;"vllu..1 occ u r lnll w it h I lint, o l I .1, / 16 a l 1296
MH z I nd I n Im peda nc .. o f Z I IIIl n ( II! r I ) an' t o lot c alc uf a ted, A I a wa v.' .
l.. ngt h o f 23 c m ( 1296 MHz l. "- /1 6 COr rl'l lK.m hl to a l' l' rolllrna h' ly 101 . 5 mm ,
100 (n) II 145 {m m l
J II lO ll !l nil

14.5 (m m )
Z II 2v
I UIl 1l 2 x 3 II lO ll 0.23 pF

212 -
 J 4O,Q

~
- j 55~ """ " ~ ~ ft"" T -j5SOR
fig . I : LI
101"
and Cl' ...h_
nripl i,.,. It 23 em
~
Fill . 8 b : Simpl tfotd Clfeui!

T he ci rcuU a. ah o wn In Fleu re 8 nault. at 1. 3 G ll z fo r t he 14 .5 mm o f 100 n

lint'. T he tnduc tt ve a nd ca pacitive impedance' a r t' ,Ivt'n fo r c om pa r i s on .
St o ep the c e pec tt tve im pedanc e ia a pproxlmat e ly lion Umt'a ' I""at el" than th e
Indu ctive Impedance It can be ne glec ted with convt'otioo.! tundator circuU .
The reBult fa t he ai m pll fi ed eq...lnle nt ci rcu it give n in FliU~ 8 b.

An tmpede nce o f a pproxl ma tl"ly 120 n I, , dvl ble for c o n a t ru ction o f Induc t -
a nct's In th e . t r lpll n t!' tec h nology, The value o f C "' w lll then be n e gHgiblt' . The
l e ngt h 1 in mm for any reqct r-ed Indu cta nce va lue i. g i ve n by :
1 .h...!...!.
Zo

wb e t-e by e Z o la t he impeda nce in n with 1" I; II 3 lr. 10 10 em/I.

T he indu ctance L 111 gtll t' n In nil .

Thl. e qua tio n i . glv t' n In the form of II gra ph tor prllcticlll u ee ( see F i g. 9 , .
T he Impe dan c e Zo ia a lrt'lldy c o nt a i ne d in th e ra ti o w / h 110 t hat It hi po lble
fo r th e d1me na ionlng 10 be m a d e immedla lt' ly .

T he prevtou e exam ple I. now t o be checked a c cordi n g to t hl , c u r ve:

T he Illlllum t'd Im pt' da nc l' o f Zo 100 n rl'qui rl'lI a w / h r ati o o f 1.65 . The ve r -
tic al Hne co r r e a po nd in g to thl, r ati o I. fo ll ow e d u n t ll Ihe c u r ve I, mel . T he
induc tan ce va lue t, r-e a d o rr on t he vl' rtlcal IIcale; In th e c a se In quelltlon it III
3 . 4 nll / c m. At II h' ngth of 1 14 . 5 rnm, th e In du cta nc e L Ill:

L 3. 4 !!.!!..
om
ll. I, 45 e m 4. 9 5 n il _ 5 nl f ,

It c a n be see n f r o m th e pre vt ou e d l'ta ih th a t S r III of no im po rtancl' t o t h.

Induc t a nce of lIuch IIho r t IInt' lI.

A pra c t iclll e x a m ple I _ now to be Klv l' n when.. a t r a n llh ll or III to b.' m .. tc h vd
a ci rc uit: A powl' r tran lli lltor ro r an outpu t power of 6 W at 43 2 Mill l'll h lbUII
a co m plex ba ll" -l'mUt t."r r t." lIl l1 t an Cl' HIl~: of IlpprOJl. 211 + J31 1 ( !'"Ig. 10 ).

SUopl .. .
Lf "
C2 'BE s

- 2' J -
'1-- --l- + -+-++ l+f+-- - + - +-+ + I+-H"......o-- I--+---1--l-++-f+f- - -+- + + + H++l
' I---+- +-+-H+f+-i---+-+-+ -H+f+----+-~"-<-H+f-H --+-f__+-H+f-H
"-
,'
' f-- -j- r-, I I
w_ _ .- .. "" _6<Io_.
]1-- + - 1_ .
I I 1""- III
).LI
, ] 4 5 6 7 . 9 1:1
'" - -
2 J '
I III' (
56 78 91l'

"
Th t' low , cornpl . x ba a. -.mlU.r Im p.dllnc t' o f t r a n, l , to r T I I, t o b. tra n , form t' d
to m e 'ou ~. Impe d anc e Za of ~ O n with th. aid o f ct rc u u ele m e nt e L 'fJ', C 2
and C I. Th. rt'qulr.d Indu ctan ce II t o bt' p ro vtd Il'd w lth a a t rlpUn. o f th. en -
pe danc e Z a nd the I.neth 1 .

T h. valu t' a o f C I. C 2 and L ". a r. de te emtned aa rcnew e:

Th. ImpIl' danc Il' a d m Utanc t' dl a lram a hown In "" KUrt' I I can be uaed. The
ba aic va lu t' a RUE - 2 + J3 n a nd ZI - 5 0 n art' a ta nd a r d lzed at 10 n tn o ede e
t o wor k with t he dlal r am . RUE la t hen t 0.2 + J 0 . 3 n a nd Za l a ~ n .

It 1& no w nt' ct'l lary to t ran s Co r m 0.2 + J 0 .3 0 to SO . T h l ' Is s ho wn In ,..1, . II .

XL t a drt rrm ln rd a l : X L y - 8.0 n

L- ~- 8 1n l - 3nll
lot 2 1'rx 43 2 (M Ur.)

Fit ll :
Tr_lormat ion pr_ of u.. matdlinl
cir Ql it IIt.tndad iHd l i n 1M iorm 01.
-J conducuMe d ..... m

An in d uctan c t' oC L - 3 nil Is o bt a ine d , a c c ordl n l to th e previou sly m e nt fcn ed

eepee eenra tt o n In ,..llfUrt' 9. at a w /h ra t io o f 2 lind a le ngt h 1 - 10 mm, The
mt' chanlcal d lnlt'n l ion , of L1r a r t' thu , known .

1! th e calcula tion oC th t' ci rcu it e te me nte for th e m at chln e ne tw o rk la ccnunced,

th e fo llow ln e val u.a arr obtai ned fo r th e t rt rn me r- capaclto ra : C 2 - 10 to 20 p F
a nd C 1 ~ to 20 p "" It will bt' seen th at C fT In tht' t'qulva lt'n t dlaeram at thl'
s t rl pllne ahown In "' i lUrt' 7 ha a no tnn uence.

4.2 . C A P AC IT A NC ,.:
A s wa s a l n " tly menttoned In Section 4.1. , a a t rl pll n t' c a n al a o bl' u llt'd t o Corm
ca pacita nc e . A c c o rdln l t o th e .. qu l va lt'nt dl a eram thl' foll ow ln e la vali d:
1 1 x d r,
Z x v Zo x c

If Z la ve r y low ( wide a t rlpll nt' a nd h l lh e r- I. CT will \It' IIreat . Zval u t'a o f

a pproxlmatt'ly 10 n e r e no nnally uat'd Co r Conni nll capacita nce In th l' a tr lpll nt'
tt' ch no lo lO'. Tht' u nw a nt e d line Inducta nct' 1_;' In "" KU rt' 7b w ill t h.. n be nlelielbl e,

- 2 15 -
A I WII p r-evtouely mentk on ed, not I U II nE'1 o f nu x r-un w ith in th e epoxY-Jl all
tlb n' m lh~ r ll l, T hl l m ..l nl thl t I m t'l n dldt' ct rl c conltl nt a r e ft mu at be e m -
pl oyE'd th lt II I mi ll e r th an L r - On ly In thi l CI' E' will it be poilib le for I
cllcu latlo n to be m ad t' , 1I0w t' ve r . e. r eff la depe nd.. nt o n th e r atio w Ih, It III
th ere rc re Idvl. . ble fo r th t' ca pac ita nce of a a tr lpHn.. to be det e rmfne d Jra ph l-
cally to r a Itvt'n ~ r- a a wa . a lia tht' case o n d.. t t'rm lnin J t he tncu cten ee of t he
s t ri pll nt', Th t' c e pec tte nce p.. r un it ot le nit h tor , r- S i s gt ven In FlJUre 12 ,
T he c' plIc!t s nc t' at . s t r lpHn.. of Z 2011 (w /h 7, 2 ) a n d 10 c m tn lenath
is t o lot' d.. te r m lnt'd n ex. m plt' , Th t' I t r 1" lI ne t l ecccm m cd et ed o n a double -
c oat e d e po a y boa rd w lt h.n r- S, WUh tht' a id ot th e c u r ve Jiv e n In FI I . 12.
a c e pec n en ce at 38 0 p"' /m I. o bta lnt'd tor . w Ih "al ut' ot 7 ,2 on th e horbentd
Id. , A I trl pl ln e len J1; h o f 10 c m the r-efo ee pro vld .... . "prlntt'd ca pa c Uanc e " ot
38 pJo', T hi s l. at example a hows that It I. o nly polbl e tor r e l at i ve ly I m .n
c a p.clt a nc e v.l ue s t o be o bt . ln t'd wh t'n ua ln , n onnal th lckne . a ot P C - bo.n1
m a tt' r ial. G rE'l tt' r capac Uanc e va lut'l c a n o nl y be obtl lnE'd u . ln , thinn er P C -
boa rd s or la ri E' r I rt'a, In the c.,,,, ot nonnal bo ard Any wa y , it II u.ua Uy
nt' c(' l . a ry fo r "a rtabl.. ca"ac ito ra to be UIIE'd In co nj unc tio n wit h p r lntE'd Indu ct -
a nct'. In o r-de r- to aU,n th .. d rc uit. to r-eeonan c e at VIU' a nd UH .... In m oat
c . . .. . . pr- Inted c a " a C'it . nc t'. ar.. not re qe f re d o r a r e not abaolute ly ne cee ry nd
, t r lpli n... n.. .. d o nly be dlmen a te n.. d for th e r .. qu lr.. d Im pedan c e a nd. Induc ta nc e ,
, I I II , , ; ; I I,
a
I I I ,I I I , I , I I ,
I I I I
I
I I I III I I I I I I
"
II
, I ,
I I I
I I
I
I
I
I III
I I
/
/,. lll/
I .J . ~ _ " . '
,,
,
.... _,' P't ._ _ ,
X .tapor.,_ "
d.... lb" l _ .. {

OI G ......_ oIlll'''C, o ~1
- .-,
(.,. I l tlr,.~

- t>
-:
~
-----',

-
.

, , 0 . ....

.-r...

, . ,
I
0 ...

fig. 12 : c. ~ltIneti 01 rtriphna I I l llIfOC1 lon of Ihi t ellt ion sh ip witt

S. a e .....:R ..:NCE S
(1) II, G .' . ch w ln d.. a nd W, Kran k : St rt'i!f' nlt' lt un, .. n
Wlnt .. r.c h.. Vt'rl ' i llhand lu ni , 196 0
(2 ) Me lnke , Gu nd lach : T l l c h,' n buch ..h 'r Hocn rr e qc ..n tt t'chnl k

(3 ) 1>.. , llIn o f 11illt rlbu t .....1 T r an a lalo r Am" Utl e r a a t Mi crowave Fre qu encle'
Microwa vp Joe m a t, Janu a ry 1967 , P a ge l 41 -47
H) lin : T r an sac ti o n s o n M ic row . ve Th"'o ry Ind T t'chnlqu e l
MT T - 3. No. 2. Ma r c h 19 S5
IS) G, l .. Ma n ha",l. Lee Yo uni and E , M, T , J ent'l; Mc Graw -II Ul . 1964
I'o1 lc rowa vt' "' Ut t' ra , Im r>.. dan c~ Ma tc hini Ne lwo r ka a nd Couplln, St", c t u~ a
- 216 _
 SIMP L E 70 e m T RANSVEHTf,;H F OH POHTA BLE EQUI P MENT
by J. Ht'Uh ofer, D L 6 MH

Tw o m e t .. r po rta ble tra n ae t' IVt"r a ean be e xt e nd e d fo r ope eau on on t he 70 cm

band wi th the aid o f t hla t ra n avt" r te r. The tra n am lt algnal la t r ipl ed with t h e
aid of a va r a c to r diode whi ch la ablt" to hand le C W, A M a nd FM a l gn a l a ( r e -
duc e th e fr.. quency d evt at to n of F M). The aa me va r a ct o r diode la provided
w it h a 2 88 MH Il. c ryata l - co ntrolled al gna l In t he r e c e i v e mode ao t ha t it ope r a t e a
a a a mixer d iode an d ccnve rt s th e 70 em In pu t r r -eque nctee to an Inte rmediate
freque ncy ba nd of 144 to 14 6 MH Il. . A ll ope rating modee c a n be r e e e l v e d o n the
receive r for whic h it ia equipped ( even SSB , .

A a1mllar t r an a ve r t e r hall Illready bee n d e ee r-tbed In (I) . The de ec r-lbed t ra na -

ve r -ier ia buU t up o n a prin ted cf rc u tt bo a rd 110 that the e c net ecc tton III g rt"a t~y
s1m pllfit'd. COIl.xlal lin.. c rrc c ue a rt' _om e what dUfi cult t o m a nuf a c tu r e a nd have
be e n avc tded in t h ia caa e by ual ng prln tt'd at rlpll m. crrcune , w h e n u llinII' t he
eccnc mtc t un in g di od e s o f UHF te le vis ion tun e r-s , a pea k pow e r of 3 W can be
handl ed . Wit h amplttud e modula tion. t he u nmodul ated ca r r i e r level ahould
a mount to II quartp r o f th l a .

Appro xi m a tely 30 to 40" o f the in put pow e r i ll available o n t he 70 em ba nd.

T hp at'n a lUv ity of t h e r e c etv e r co r r ea po nd a t o t hi ll pow er le vel, From good
locatio na, com mu nicat ion ha a been made ua ing a 4 . e lt> m ent ante nna t o at a l10 na
loca ted m o r e th an 150 \un a way . T he de ac rl b.. d t r an a ve rt er la e xt r e m e ty lIuUabl e
for porta bl e o pe ra tion and th e opera tor will be aurprille d ho w many alat io nll c a n
be worked with U .

Of eeueee, the tra na vertf' r ia aillo a ul ta ble fo r loc a l c on rect e , T he ma in idea

of t hl a a rt lel t' i a to a I,t VH I-' a mat e u ra to becom e ec t tve on th e 70 em ba nd.

Fii\l re 1 IIhow . t he au tho r ' . pr oto type with the cove r rem oved .

Fig. 1: A phologr~ of m. 70 em Itriplina n-.n..... tet

- 2 11 -
 0>
BAlLi 432MMz
Ptl

*
C7
R1 l.7 flp
,,>0' "
,,,
pn
cr
2 IJp ""
IDr11

"",
L1
" "'"
S7.6 196.0IMHI
C2
20p
1.7-6p
re DH
DL 8 MH 001
2
" RL " k

"~102" , I.
R2
1001< BA'149 -13p
V
,
f ig. 2 : Cireui1 d ievr8ln of the 10 em tr.......' "..

I. CIRC UIT DETAILS

T he circ uit di ag ram ot t he 70 em t ran'vert",,. I. II'lvl'n In Figu re 2. T he v.ractor
t r ip l.. r will be s een uppe r I.. ft with II matchi ng netwo r k tu ned t o 144 MHz ( C 1,
C 2 and L I l, II 4 32 Mlh s t r ipli ne bandpa ruter ( C S!L 4 a nd C 7 / L S J a t
the o ut put , a nd th e Idle t- ctrcuu ( L ztc; 3 J. T h e Id le r c i r cu li 1a tu ned to th e
fi r-lit ha r m on ic of 144 MH t, e . g. 288 MH z, wh ere It r epre s en t . II ae r ie. n . on ant
c t rc u u aho r tl n g th i . rr eq ut' ncy t o g round. T hi ll vi r tu a lly a upp r e a lle a th l ll un -
wan l tod Ireque ncy, In addition t o th l _, t he hi gh s ho r t ci r cu it c u r r e nt at 288' MHz
imp rove s th e effic:le ncy o f t he trl pll n i proCt'III1.

In th e r-ec e ive mode , ve r e cto r diod e D I rt' ct'ivt'll a local c ec m e tc r Iee q uen c y
of 288 MH i/; via t he Id l e r ci rcuit . T hi ll m t' a n ll tha t th t' 43 2 MH z Input l iena l 11
mlxo'd with t ht' loca l olc llla to r 1 1lll\1 1 of 288 Mll z 110 t ha t a n Inte rrnedtate r re-
qu o'n c y of 144 Mli z r e euue. The aux ilia ry fr t'quen c y II taken from a t ranilit o r
cec m e tc r wh ic h II cent r o tted fro m a 5 7. 6 Mlh c ry llta l . The ee eo na nt circuit
a t tht' c ol tec tc r ( L 6 / C 9 1 II con nected to a ve r a c tor- I rl plt' r via th e a ma ll
c a pac it a nce of C 8 . Thl l t rl pl t'r ope r-at e e In II I lm illl r m a nnt'r to tht' trlplt'r
In th t' t ran emlt branch but I., for IIlm pllc ll y , not p r-ov ided wlth ' n Idle r- c i rc u it .
It II 57 .6 Mlh c ry. ta l 11 u eed, the o lld ll a to r Ir-equ e nc y wUl be m ulUpllt' d rtve
t1m t' a . On Ih e o ther han d. If a 96 .0 MHz c ry a ta l III u ee d It w l1l only be nt' .
c t' llaary for th e rr.. qaen cy to be t r-tpted, The pa rll llt'l c i r c uli c o mp r l aln e: indu c t -
en ce L 3 a nd trimm e r ca pacito r C 4 II Induc ti ve ly cou pled t o th e Idle r ci r cuit .
Th l a paraU tol cl rcu lt I. tu ned t o 288 Mll z Immat E'rl a l whether- a 57 . 6 Mlh or a
96 . 0 Mll z c ry a ta l III u eed. It I. on ly nt' Ct' a lla ry fo r thle" r e ao nant c i rc u it of th e
o llc llla to r ( L 6 / C 9 ) to be m odlfl ed 10 a ult th t' c ryll t a l fr"'qut'ncy. The tJlan a -
b to r o ad llato r o nly rt' qul rE'1i 8 to 12 m A wh ich m ra nll th at it c a n continu e to
os e il la te In thl' t r a nam it m od e, Sin c e the 70 c m a nt .. nn a I. con n.. c t ed to th '"
43 2 Mi ll: ou tput / Inpu t . it III o niy nt' c t' a llary fo r tht' 2 m Iltatlo n t o b", ewitc hpd
be tw een t r an am lt a nd r .. c t' lv t'

2 18 -
 "
".

Fig. J : ' rinM ~1fC\l it t.o.rd DL' MH 00 1 ~int NCOIftPOM"1lou1ion1

I
I ~_.
',


r ..
--- "
.. I
'"
..- ...

_- ....

DL 6 MH
'-- "- - -I - - ,,- ----
I

'- -

- 2 19 -
2. CONST RUCTION
Th. whol. t r . n . v. r l . r ci r cuit i. buUt up o n Iln,I,,-colt.d pr-Inted circuit
bo.rd hlv!n, the dlm.nllon. 130 mm _ 75 mm . Jo'ISUr. 3 I how l t hil prinl.d
c irc u it bo.rd .nd th. loc.tio n of t he c o m pcner ae . Tbe P C-bo.rd h.1 i)p"n de -
I lp l le d OL 6 MH 001. T he com pl et " d p rint.d circuit boa rd il accommodlt.d
In a Ilmpl" Iluminum CI." whol" d1m" nll onl .r" ,ty"n in F!l\1 re 4.

An U-I haped cc ve r-, whi c h il not I ho wn . Cl n b" uI.d to enc toee the unit. A
not. to t h. , r o und c o nnec tl o n l II dee med nee ry : A lth ou ,h the Irou nd .u r flc.
o f th. p rl nt .d c i r c uit bolrd II , round"d vi. th. four m o untln, . c rt'w. to the
me tal c ' lln" It I. nec e ary fo r .n additlonlI, Icw -I ndccttve ,round e c nnec t to n
t o be made to th e tw o c Ol d l l ec c ket e , Thil 18 do ne by pile In, I pte c e of I il ye r -
plat e d c o ppe e wf ee . r ou nd each cOldal aoc k. t and fhd n, lt und er t he I pproprllte
nut . Beth t' nd l of t he wl r" Ir. c o nnec ted In th e I ho rtel t pOl llble m ann er- to th e
, round . u rflC t" o f Ih . p rlnt.d circuit bce rd, a nd without bend ,

2.1. SPECIAL CO MP O NE NT S
T I : 2 N 918 . 40 405, 40 519 { RCA I
0 1. 0 2:BA 149 or BAY 70 ( A EG - T fk I. BA 110 I ITT-lntPrmet.U I. I N 5462A
Cry atll : 57 .600 Mlh o r 96 .000 Mlh In H C ~ 6 / U o r II C - 2'!J / U hold.r

Inductlnc t'l L I , L 2. L 3. L 6 Ir. made f rom 1.0 mm to 1.3 m m dlamt" t er

{ 16 -18 AWG I enver pll tt"d c o ppe r wl rt". Tum , plc l n, w tee dilmeter. Self
l u ppo rt lnl

L I: 5 tur-ns o n 8 mm form er
L 2: 4 turn a on I 6 mm fo r me r
L 3 : 3 tu rna on I 6 mm fo rme r . co il l en l t h exte nded 10 17 m m
L 6 : 12 tu r na on a 8 mm forme r ( 9 turn a with. 98 MH z Cry l tal )
L 4 .nd L 5 : Irt' p rint.. d I t r l pll ne l
C h 1: 5-IO /ol ll re rrue c ho kt" (Delevan) o r ferroli bt>adl with Ipproximately
5 lu ml o f Ippro_, 0.2 mm I 32 AWG I . n. m.lled co pp . r wlr" pulled
th r ough In th e lon,ltudinal et recucn.
C I , C 2 and C 9: 2 - 13 p F . Ir_a pac t"d t r 1mm . r
C 3, C 4. C'!J .nd C 7 : I. 7 _ 6 pF .!r _Iplc"d If'immt"r
Two BNC co u lll .oc kPtI fo r Il n, le bol e mountln, I UG 1094 / U ).

3. A LI GNM E NT
T he IU, nmt"nt I. com m e nc ed with a p r.limlnary allrnm .nt of t hl' t r an l m lt
bra nc h. A , ood t e r ml na llng r .... I.tor or 70 cm antt'n nll . a a we n a l RF o ut put
me te r- ar-e reqctr ed, The rt'nt"c tom t"tt'r dt' . crlbt'd In (2 )i. ve r y u a.ru l. A 70 em
b.ndpa . a nne r, e . I . ( 3) c o nnec t ed be tween the t r a n. vt' rt t' r end thl' ren eetc -
me ier . lm pUfl.... t ht . U,nm enl c o nl ld t> r l bly . Aftt"r thl . m u r in . Ir ran.t" mt'nt
ha l be en a. t up. It I. only nt' c. ,,,ry for t rlmm t'rI C I , C 2. C 3. C 5 . nd
C 7 to be I li lJl t"d fo r mldmum rl'ldln U I bandpa a. ru lt'r I. not .vaU.blt".
it will be nece I ". for. cr p- me te e tuned to 288 Mlh o r I n a b.o rpt lon wa ve -
me-ter- 10 be u eed 10 ch.c- k wh.th"r It II thl . fr"qu t'n cy th lt i. p r-eeent It the
o ut put. U thi . II th e ce ee, It I. n" c" al'ry fo r th e t ....n. vertl"r t o be align ed
.0 th ll t he- o ut pu t po wer I. Bv.lIabl e It I different po.ltlan of trlmm"rI C 3.
C5 I nd C7.

- 220
A w" lk 70 e m Il,nll ( hlrmon ic ot 12 m trl nlmltter o r I c l")'l tll olcUllto r
fed to t he in pu t viI I n a U"nulto r a nd. It poui ble. a blln d p~u a ru le r I 11 und
fo r Ihe aUrn ment o f th e r ec e t ve bran ch. It ia impo rtln l th lt th e Il,nll only
r Ic hel th e trl nl vert"r via th e I nt" nna Inpu t aoc k"'t and not dl r ..c tly. The
57 .6 Mll it oaclllltor llaU,n"d with m e aid ot th e dtp -m ete j-, If the 96 . 0 Mlh
cryltal il uI"d. th e Ila nal ca n tit' e hec ke d on a VlI F'-F'M b roadc.a t r pc e lv "r.
The olcUllto r m Ul t co m me nce eecmeuon lmme dl at ely on connpc tlna th e ope ra t-
Ina voltlae . It th il II not th e cal"'. the r e ao nant circ uit I houJd be tun ed with
th e a id of t r i m m e r ca pacito r C 9 on the n I t r n on ant I lo pe . Art er th l a. th e
288 Mll it ci rc u it I hou ld be tu ned wi th t r im m e r C 4 to r the tlt' at re c epti on o f a
70 c m allnl t which II co nUnuoul ly r educ ed In I tr e nfth. Th p idle r ci rcu it wit h
C 3 al well a l th e 432 Mlh: a nd 144 Mill e rrcu ne requir e a fin e IlIfIlm ent.
Fin ally e ue m e t e tun Ina In t he t r l n lm lt a nd r e c e iv e m od e a I houl d be m e ee to
find th e bnt com prcrntee . It m ay be a d vluble t o finally alian to r be l t r eee pt ton
l incp thp Imall lOll at t r a nl m lt po we r- II not no rtcee bte In pr e c uee ,

4. RE F ER ENC ES
(II 1.. Wa .ner: I... MH z /4 32 MHz T ra nave rl er to r 1.010' P owe r a nd Fi e ld Day
Vln' COMMUN ICATIO NS I (1969 1. Ed Ulon I . Pa . n 3 23~
12) R. G rl e k: Slmple StrIplin" g e n e e tom e t e ra tor 144 a nd 432 MHz
VlIJo" COM MUNiCAT IO NS 3 IU11 I. dU io n 2. P a i n 8992
(3) J. R"Uhofer: A St r i pllne Band pa u F il t er for 70 cm
In t hl 1 "dillon o t VHF COMMUNICAT IO NS

IN EXP EN SIV E " VARAC TO R DIO DES " F OR F R EQUENCY M U1.TIPl.l ERS

It wa l m e nt fcn ed I t the 19 71 a nn ua l UIl Jo SII F Am at eur Me t'tln l In Muni ch .

We .t Ge rm a ny th l l . ...v.. r a t I ml t eu rl we r e l ucc"ldu ll y u llna ovt' r lay po we r
t r an l i lto r l In alead of va racto r dl od" l In fr..qu t>ncy mul t ipllerl . Sin ct' onl), th ..
collec tor ba l e dlod e II u eed, It II e ve n pOl l lb! e to UI" tran. l ato r . wh o l " ba.e-
e ml U.. r- d lod.. hal be rn dt'atroyt>d and a re t he r e to ", u I ..I.. I. tor th ei r norma l
a ppll c a ti on l . Up t Ul no w. It II m a inly tran l i ltor typ. . 2 N 3375 a nd 2 N 3832
th at he ve tlt't> n u l t> d In trNlut" ncy tr lple ra from 144 Mlh. to <132 Mllit . In th e
can or the 2 N 3832 inpu t po we r t.. vell of u p to 10 W are poulble ,

Jo"u ndlm ..ntally Ipeaklna. all ove rlay t ranili tor typt> 1 I hould be l u ltabl" to r r e
pllclna va rl c to r dlodel with input po we r lev",la In t he orde r ot th e norma l cu t -
pu t power, and the mu lti plied ou tpu t fr",qllt" nc)' .1 h ilh al th.. u illa l ope ra ll nl
fre qu ency . The e mtne r rematne un connec t t> d; euher- t h.. ba at' o r een..c tor- II
Irou nded Icw -Inducnv..ty 1l11na a mt"ta l . trlp.

Uling th l l pr-tnc lpfe, It 111I pouibll' fur It rl pllne t rl plt"n lluc h .. (I) a nd (2) to
be con l t M.l c te d fo r hl ihe r pow er le vell even If Ihe o rl,ln.1 dtocee, 1'.,.
I N 51 49
o r MV 1806 ( Mot o r ol a I, 8AX I I (A I-:G Te le tu nk l'n) . MA 49 ~ 2 o r MA .49 53
( Mic r owa ve AI III Oci. ll' l l. or 8XY 14 "" ( Sjt>me nl I e re too e xpen et ve .

RE Jo' E It t: NC1': S
0 ) II . J . "'rank.. : A T .." Wa tt T ...nlmUtpr fo r 70 cm
vnr CO MMUNICATIONS I (19611). t:dUl on 4. Pa g.... 243-248
(2) II. J . Jo' rank"': 70 em-za em Striplin.. Vlra{"tor Trlplpr
VIII-' COM MUN iCAT IONS 2 (I970) . I-:dUlon 3. Pa ll"" IGO - 16S

- aa l -
 STH IPLI NE BAN DPASS 1o'ILT1o: H 1o'OH 70 e m
by J. Helt hof e r-, 1>[, 6 MIl

II IIJ v.. ry ad vl aa bl .. for a 70 em band plI. lJlI flIt e r to tw placed after ve rector-
t rl plen and p r-e vi o u s t o t h e d r lve- r o r power- o ut pu t a tail' In SSB t r a nam ltt t>ra
In o rde-r t o eupp r-e se lIubha rmont c . ha r m on ic ' a nd fil pu r to u ll f rl'que-n c it>a. T b e
t wo -circu it bfil n d pa a a ruter de ec s-tbed ht> rt> 111 ex tr t'mdy e allY t o ccn e t r uct .Ince
pr-imed . l r ipHne cIrcuU. o n an e-po xy prlnll'd ci rculi boa rd arl' ua.. d. Aa can
be lI e en in F 1iUrt> I , It I. on ly nee .... a ry for t wo t rfmme r e to be- eolde r-ed onlo
the P C - bo ard and (o r t wo c oa xia l . ock.. tll fo r In pu t a nd o ut pu t 10 bto conn"c h d .
T he fUle r la accommoda\l'd In a . m a ll c a . lni mad~' from aluminum plate o r
P C -boa r d matt'rlal .

Fiv- 2:
Pltllbllnd curoolt 01 t ....
2-cit'cuit blIndJ*.l lil1fl
I~
Fill. 1: Phot09"lph 01 t .... $tripl,.,. I"lar ' or 70 em

<l>
" " mm

<I>
-
~~ 8
N

:J:
::0:
a:@

so !
s
, ~

~

~
cGJ
<I> o , <I>
J
f".3: Prmtlld CtrCU ,1 bo.,d DL 6 MH 00 2 of Ihlt 432 MHz h tlar
- 22 2 _
T be d hc ti vll'n.... of th .. fUt.. r ca n be> l"ll' n by . tudy ln, th ll' pa l lband cu eve In
FIJU" 2. T wo mll't .. r II,nal. a rll' . u pp,.......d by m o,... tha n 30 d B a nd th .ir flrat
h.. rm onlc . a t 288 MHz by a pproxlm .. t..ly 20 d B. The fl r. t harm Ol\le o f th .. 70 e m
band at 86 <4 Mll z wUl bot' .upp r .....d by . pproxl m a t ..ly 30 d B. Th .. Ina .. rtl on 10 ..
.. m ount a to .pproxlm.t ..ly 2 d B wh ich ca n Il'a. lly bf' com pll' naa t t'd for by th ll'
IInll'.. r .. mpIUlt'r at" it'll of .. SS B Ir ..n. m lt t" r .

T ht' p r lnl..d circuit bo.. rd la de ..l i nat"d DL 6 Mil 002 a nd h th " dlm ll'n .lon .
10 0 mm long by 50 mm wlde , T ht' pr tnted c i rc u it board . nd c om pone nt loca t io n
. r t' . hown In FIJUre 3. T h. trlmm.r l h. yt' . ca p.clt .. ne e of 1. 7 6 pfo' l or
It' I. Al r l p. c t'd Irlmmll'r l .. r e ult'd from whi ch It may bt> ne c e ry t o r t' -
m c ve on t.. lor pl.. te ,
~ .., I,

_ _ _ u _ _ -'

--, _.. 11-_- w

--
.---
~ -- - -- ---

~ -_._- __ -_. ._- -

~
... ---- --
.---
-- ,,- -I
An t' r .olde rlnl th e trimm. r . Into pl ..c .., t he p rint ed c i rc uit bolrd I. built into
I c lnl In wh leh the c oa ld..1 loc kll'tl hlYIl' Il r dy been moun t.d . fo' IJUr . <4
. ho w. lh . r ll'quire d dlmen .lonl, Th. p rint ed ci rc uit bolrd I ho u ld b paced
oS mm from t he n oo r o f the c. ..... Met. l . paci na: bu.hlna:' o r nut r e u d fo r
th i Alth ou gh th e a: round . u r flCll' o f the prl nt ...d ci r cui t boe r d I. grounded yt.
th ... m ounUna: ec r-e w. , It I.. nt' c ..... ry for .dd ltlon.I , lcw -I ndv cttve g r ound con -
ne ction .. 10 be m ..de bet we en th ll' c Ol Id. 1 ..oc ke l . ..nd th e c onn ec tion po in t .
m.rhd on th e prln t ed ci rcu it board. Thl. II m ..de by .c n wln a: piece o f
.U y. r- pl. t.d co ppe r wlrc u re ly to th . c oa ldl l .oc ke t . nd ..olde r1nl t he end.
to m e ground . u r t.ce of th . P C boe.rd. 8NC .oc kll't . fo r I ln gl.hol e mountln g
( UO 10 9<4 / U ) .. ee .u ltl ble. T he fil te r I ecre d by . ddln, U. ah . pt>d cove r .

For .Ugnm.. nt o f t h.. fUI.. r , It I. nee ry fo r th . ou t pu t po we r of 70 e m

t ran.mltt.. r to be Ind lclted bt' tw ee n th e rm er Ind a t .rmln.Un g r 1ato r ( a n-
t "'nn. ), T h'" r .. n ..c to m ...t .. r dll'. c rl b",d In 01 c .. n b. u d for t hl The I rlmmer..
of th e b.ndpa ... f1Iler .. r. . .Ugn..d fo r m .xlmum Rio' po wer. FlnaUy, It . ho uld
be polnt.d oul that I ny Impt'danc .. \IIo rl. llon dlff.. r lng from t hoit' n l.t lna: durin g
th ....Ugn me nt will mo", o r I.. .. load th e tUt .. r c i rc u it . or will d...tun ... It If th e
l... rmlna tlon I. not rt'.. 1. Thl. c a n Cl u.e t he In ... n lon 10" t o lncr 1l' con. lde r-
. bly . T h.. fIIt .. r . ho uld bt' .UIflt'd In th .. c i rc u it in wh ich It I. t o b. u .... d ,

RE F ER E NC ES
01 R. Gr trk : Slnlpl .. St rl pllne Re n ...c t olllt't t' r i fo r IH . nd <432 Mi ll.
Vllfo' COMMUNlCAT IO NS 3 (1 97 11, Ed ition 2, P. gu 89-92
22 3
 A N AUDIO-FR EQU EN C Y RTT Y-CONV E RTE R
by Dr. A. G achw ind l . HA 8 WH

T h ia RTT Y converee r wa a main ly d..s iin E'd by t he au thor for re ce pucn of th e

AFSK ( au di o frE'q uency-l hlft k..yl ng ) tel emet r y of OS CAR 6 . Hcwe ve r , th e
I m a ll t ran lilto r l ze d unit la e qu ably au lt a bl e for r-ec e ptfon of a m ateur- RTTY
Ilgnall . It 11 hope d t hat OSC A R 6 wi ll be la unche d du ri ng 197 2 but th e r E'l l
I tl ll no co ntl rma tlo n of th i s .

I. P RIN CIPL E or O P ERAT ION

T he RT TY conve r te r conl1lta of tw e Ind e pende nt m odule a :
a ) Dl iltal F M d te c r tm tneto r
b) A I" !1lter
T h e dl glt.1 disc rl m i n.to r ( HA 8 WH 00 1 ) allo ws t o r ecei ve an d r e ec t ve . ny
fr e q uency s hi n bet we en 100 H z a nd 1. 3 kH z wi t hout . bandp.... filt er.
T h...e pa r e te .udlo fII tt" r (H A 8 WlI 002 ) II p ro vided to eupp r-e the int erfe rin g
nctee po wer outs ide o f th e u ee fu l p ' ban d , The tw o flltera e r e de algned t o
a llow . pa . ' band . t 2125 Ih and 29 75 Hz . matc hin g It t o th t' m oat com mon
f requ e ncy IIhift of 850 H a ,

The bl ock dl. ,ra m o f m odule a ) I. gtven In F igure I . Th ~ A FSK .lgn a l 10 be

dec oded will be within o ne o f th e tw o a udtc fre qu ency ba nd l 900- 22 00 Hz lind
1700-3000 Hz . Tw o c i rc uit con fi gu r a tlona have been d ealened t o mat ch the e e t wo
A F b.nds .

The a udto out put algnal fr om t he r e c e iver i. Hmite d, a mpll tle d a nd Hmt te d .ell 1o
In o rde r t o o bt a 1o eq ua ee-wa ve algna l of cc na t a nt a mpll tu t.e . Th l , , l g n.1 Is
n uw fe d to t he Inpu t of th e di eU.l fo' M d lac rlmi nllto r wh ich cona l at. o f tw o rna in
c I rc u li. : a ) diffe re ntiating net wo r k a nd li m it e r , b) Int eeraUne c i rc uit .

The out put vollaee of the F M dl ac r lm lna tor la Unt'. rly dependent o n t h e t r e cue n-
cy o f t he lo pu t s i gn a l. T wo difrt' r ent ty pe of d iscrimina to r c.n be UtiI'd In t hi s
x 'r'r v - e cn verte e . The o ne giv e n In t he c om ple t e ci rcuit dla e r a m o pe ret e s tn t he
audi o fr eque ncy r an gt" o f 11002200 H z , T he circU lt1 ar e t o be dc ac rl be d in mo r-e
de tail wh en c o ve ri ng ea ch ind iv id ua l mod ule .

T hedla c rlm lna to r I, follo wed by a pc er -de tec t tc n fil t e r t o e llm in ate a ny r t' , id u. 1
Jitte r o r liln. t 1og f ro m t he Input I lgna l and to p r-ovid e a n o ptim um ban dwi dth fo r
the RT TY - pc t ee The o utput 'ign al to -no l l e r-a t fo i , Im pr-o ved In th l l m an ne r.
A rter rut e rl ng, th e a l gn ll II fe d t o t he lim Uer after wh ich t he ll m ltt' d alg na l
la Impllfled in DC - c o uple d atagea . The o ut put I laiell of the a m pHflt" r o pe s-ate
a l e lect rent e s wltc he, for d ri vi ng th e r e l ay o f the RT TY m a chine.

- -,................. ,'"''',.ca g
- --
~ " .,

....... '.
'~"G "'''''' '000-'" ......"'''....
...
-
CI< ... . .
_"""".'1
1-- ...'01.,""'0' I- 1-- Clf'IU ' H)IUo, ",no."" 1--
~
_
.
g

--...-. . . ....-.._-
' ,n.. DI . ....
D' .OI. ,.g., I , ,,.IT' OO t
""
'. " I
...... Mt Clll'

- ...... - ",. .. .. .
;,::!. "'
- ,,,, ...'" .....
~ "' ...."u
.., ,., I- OI.l000.0
.." n il
I- ,'0.,""'0
" - '0"''''
~"'" ......... "
""0010
..
- 224 _
'"
" .,I MtClO2
'., _._-......... -
'" ".,.g "

,o"".. ,~ ... ! f
A I wlt c h II p rovi ded for I wlt ch lng the pol arity ot the DC out put .liIlal . It 1.
Ih ll' r ll!fo r ll! not nec e aea ry 10 tune t he BFO ot th e r-ec et ve e 10 the ot he r . Ido:- of
tn e r e c e rve e . 1gna l.

The blo c k diagra m o f the au dio fre qu ency t1lt er ( HA 8 WH 002 I I. giv en In
fo'i gure 2. The audio .iillal trom the receiver II fed t o a butter whi ch driVel the
ban dpa .. t1lt erl t uned t o 2 125 He an d 297 5 l it re epectf ve ly , T he tllt ll'r II renew -
I'd by t wo e m lt to:- r- followerl whi ch tlO e d t hll'l lgnal t o me FM -dll crim lnato r.

2. CIRCU IT DETAILS
2. 1, DIG IT A L FM -DISCRIMINATOn

T he ci r c uit dia gram of th l l m odule II given in F'igur ll! 3. The minimum Inpu t
volta ge tor co r-r ec t ope r atio n II 1 V rm a. T he s ou rce im pedance I ho uld be In
th e o r de r ot 600 n. Sinc e fa d lng on en occu ra on the r e c e i ved al gn al , It la ve r-y
usll!ful t o Inc r-ea se th e Ie vej ot th e Input Ilgnal e ven up t o 8 V-lO V r m l

Dl odt' l D 1 a nd D 2 arll' IIm it e r l t o m aintaln the Inpul I lg na l al 1.4 Vp Tranl -

ta te r- T I i l a cia.. A a m plUl e r whi ch II provide d with a s econd Umrter at t he
ou tpu t ( D 3, D ol ).

The limited 11gna l ha l lalll tac to ry r iae-IIme / raU-Hm e characleriltIcl but th e

a m pli tu de ia ve ry low . Tran alstor T 2 now amplltln the Iquare - wave 11gnal
a nd pa u el II to th e emttte r - jc l jowe r T 3 wh ich In turn teede t he d ltfe rentlatlng
RC network. The ac t ua l dem odulaHon proct'll 11 de sc j-Ibed In de taU In (1).

It Will mention e d p re vious ly tha i the di l crlmlnator II ope rati ve In t wo trequency

band e , With the c om pone nt I giv en In fo'igu re 3, the u l etul frequency band w111
be 900 Ht- 2200 kil t. Some voltagu and waveforml a r e given In Figure 4.

, ~, ~

F'cj] ,
\V \./\74 ,. .1
B
' - - -j
G

c
~j'
.....
. . .,,'''...
o
I,J.K
. I
1
Fig. 4 : Si.... ww ll10rml lt v.io ... points 01 tha dlla'iminuor modu le. With eu",. A to F. th , input
Iirg"" ft , inulQd,a1 II 1.8 kHI ; eurv.. G to K the AFSK"ionlll it modull l-e! wilh . 25 HI
1QIl"_ _ ''9f\1l. 850 HI "'ilt.

- 22 5
 ~

~
f
r
l
~
l.
f
l 'i-
t I
!
! -- fl-

t f=,:),.
l' -
L"
- 11-; I
_ '; I:

L' :
~ .- 11 -1 I
.r
I :J.
I j i
lU .,
!-

- 22e
Ar h 'r dlfh r .. ntla lln g a nd rt'm u v ln " Ill<' /1<'illltl v.' p u JoWli. th.' ",Ign lll ill ft' d t o th e
inh' gra tl n g circuit c u m prllli n g t r an lli lltor il T 4 a nd T~ . T h... t tme c Ol1 l1 la nt o f
thlll Inh'g ratl n g a mpli fl .' r III d .' p.'m hnt o n t ht 1I f'l"tlJ o f tIn ' t r a n . m ittt'd In fo r -
m a ti on. I n t ht' ~ O Ba u d mmj. " th . hl l:h ...t .. quar-v- w a v v f rt' q ut' ncy o r lg lna lln g
from a n ItT TY m e ch tne wJll 1.0.' 2~ II,.

It wo u ld lot, adva nt a l:t' oull t o U B t II long In lt'g r a l lon t im ... . lI u w.. v.. r-, U Ih .. Int .. -
g r u t fon n me III t oo lon g th., Informa t lcn w ill b.. 101lt , Tht d h n .. n lllo n i ng o f Ih. '
ci r cu it has be en c hc...-n t o b ., lluil alolt, fo r th. IIwntl on ..d plIo ram .. t .. r .. .

Wh llll t dt'lIlg nl ng th e c o nve r-t e I ' , a n t' at h ' m p h 'd 10 u b la ln tin' IIl1 m t' .. .'n ",ltl v ll y
for both th e 90 0 - 2 200 ti l: nn d th e L 7-3 k lh d lll c r lm lnn to l'H. Th ill I.. why th ...
c om po ne nt e o f t h e d lfft'rl' n tl a lin g a n d In h'gl'at ing c l n' u ltH yury In c o nj u nc t i on
with eac h di llcrlmlnllt o r . F igu r e 5 llh o WII bo t h co n fi g u r a ti o n s tog .'lh.. r with the f r-
t r an tlft'r c h a r a c lt'rllltJ ca ,

_' I V
".
_'IV
...
,~ 'l~
"-1 :l 1J
'.. I /t (i) "
- 11
" -
U l ' ,h
~"
" 1 2

5
-.....
0
r. 1'\i'.
-,
~

5
i\.

0
0.6 1,5 2
"'- \ 2.5
I'-
J
f_

T ht' Inte g r a tin g . lag e 8 l' 4 and T 5 110 1'''' Io flo wed by a low . pa ils fllt e r- wh ich
s ho uld POlllll"SIl t he foll o wi n g c ha racte r lllticlI : ..harp c u t-o ff and m in imum WIlY"'-
form d te tc rtt o n , T hl" bandw idt h ha .. lot''' n c hc...' n wh ich III Ilu lta bl ... fo r a t r-a ne -
m b s lon s pe e d of 5 0 Ba ud ( 2 ~ li z " qu a re -wa vt' ) . 'l'h e rilt t'r pa llllt' s t he t hird
harmonic of t h l.' 25 II z - lIl gn lll a t 75 Hz wh ich w ill lot, 3 d li d own. Th... fUtt' r I.
an L- tyJK' ha vin g mini m um d ill to rt ion of th e wa v...fo r m but n o IIharp c u t - o ff
c ha ra cte r tet te, Th e ci r c uit a n d m eaeur-ed I r a n dt'r c ha rac t ... rl HtJc . of th l . ftl te r
a r e giv e n In " Igore 6 .

- 221 -
 .,e
0

.,0 -""--. / <,

ol eSl. ~[dBl.6
I]
o
0
LI 010_ lJO,";
., 0

.,0 /[rSliJ~i::.
V - II,.
]
- -/
'" ~.
o ~OO

""'" 200
1-
300 Ht

f ig. a : Low-pnl lpoll " Kllonll ~tltf With If antf ... d wrKtefllt 'c

Tbe ril lt' !" d rlv"'l th e a e r h'a Um ll r r comprtalni dtod('1 0 6 and D 7. ThI' limi-
te r I, d.... tent'd to de te rmtne the rn..ln vil ut> of t he dllc r1mlna tor a nd t o ke e p
th e Input Ieve t fo r t r all a l l1 0r T 6 c o n l ta nl . The pUII "'1 art' th r n a m pl1f1t'd In the
dl .. A ampllfler co m p r l _tn r T 6; th .. opt'raUni poin t I, ahthed In th e e ml ttt'r
c i rc u it t o m at ch t he DC tevere o f t he- Umllt' J" a t the bale or
t ra n , lItor T 6.
Th e amplUIt'd pul ..--, . wltc h the co nec tc e c u r-r-e nt o r I n n , l at o r T 7. T h e r-e la y
of th.. ItT TY - mec htne I, dl r t'ctly I w itc htod by me et ect ro ntc I w ll c h cam pri,ina
t r a ll. l,to ri T 8 a nd T 9 . T hE' g tv e n c i rcu it pr c vtd e e a DC - vo lt a i t' ot 16 V wh ich
II l u rfi c h ont tor t h e RT T Ym"ch ln t' lI.td by II If h i ghe r [) C volla llt' . li r e r e
qul r e d , th e ccuect o r voltllKe. of T 8 lind T 9 can be lncr t'all...d u p t o th e maxi
m um pt'rmlll.lble level .

T he RTTY m a ch ln e r e p r v. ...nt . an Inducllve 101ld for th e etecr r cntc . w hc h l'lI .

T he trlln lli i t o n c o u ld be dt'llt r oyt'd on I w lt c h lnll off du t' to the Ind uc t'd volt ' it'l.
In o rdt' r to avoid t hl l . a . t"rlt' l HC .tnn lhnt s u pp r-e s so r- ill c o nnec t...d t o thl"
o utput of th t' e lecj ecntc .w1lch",

Switc h "S" all ow. the pol.rity o f the pul. t' . to be In ve rt e d o r for tht' HTT Y.
mec htne 10 be m ut ed wit h . c o n . la nt etcp lanal.
A . t_bl t' . wt' l1 fil tt' rt'd powt' r lIuJ>p!y shoul d be ueed ,
f_

0
, ,,. ,.*u" , 5 kHl 6
3 --- Ii.;" ieHi

'0
o
\
l IJ20

]0
-
"-
..........
e
- 22 8 -
2.2. A UDI O Jo'R EQ UE NC Y Jo'ILTJo: R
T h e c::l rcult dla.ram o f t hla modult" ia .Iv.. n In Jo'IIUN- 8 . ThO' It"l t" m t" t ry al.nal.
from OSCA R 6 will be t ran.mlttO'd to .round In thO' A 3 - m od O'. T hO' ma r k a nd
epeee . I.nal. w1ll have a frtquO'ncy of 212~ li z a nd 297~ li z rpap"c tlvely. It I.
impo r tant t o uae a.
Io wa bandwidt h a. poa.lblt" for r e cepucn in ord.. r to tm-
prove th t" ,I.nal- to- nolat" ra tio. Tht" ba nd wid th I, depe nde n t o n th. ,p.-.. d ( Ba ud l.
of tht" RTTY - ,I. n l1. A ba nd width of 7 0-7$ il z a rou nd th t" ma r k and 'pac e ,1.nl1,
wUl be au ttablt" for .5 0 Baud .

The deec rtbe d til tt" r h a a tw o P- II b a n d f re qut"nc h.a a t 2 !2$ 11z and 297.5 liz .
Th.. lime ba ndw id th a nd a m p l Uud e la r e q u i red for bo t h a llnala.

Th t"a e c o n di tion a a re fulflll t'd In our ci rcu it u, lng t wo pa raU e l- tuned L C -cl rc u lh
with th e li me c a p a c ity ( Jo' li. 8 I. T hl' m eana that their r ul ,ta n c .. i' .. qual at
r-ee o nance , O f c o u n t", th t"lr Q fl ctora vary: T h e Qrac to r of th t" LCclrcult
tu n.. d t o 29 7.5 liz la 42 ( blnd wldth 7 0 Hz ) . In pre c uc e, a h lih O'r Q-fac to r ca n
be r t"a Uz e d th an l a r t"qu lrt"d In thla a pplicl tlon . T ht" Ultt"rl I n qu e I Uo n art"
load..d with a va rlablt" r e a l al or In ordt" r to m a int a in Ih e r t"q u lrt"d Q-fac to r .

Tr, n, lltor T 10 drlvt"1 th. tw o r t"l o n ant clrc u itl a t a conlla n t c u r rt"nt and hlih
10Ut'1:t" imp""d a n c t". T h e in put le vt"1 il cont rolled by pcte nnomete r P I . Tht" inpu t
IIl(fta l m Ult be m alnt a ln t"d a t a 1t"vt"1 th at will n ot ove r-Ioa d t r an.ilt o r T 10 .
Re quired t l In input voh ' it" o f a p p ror.l ma tely 0 . 2 V rm e- Tht" h l ih Inpu t Im p t"-
d an c e of I r a n a i l lo r T 11 en lUrOl' I th a t T 10 I, not load e d . Th e m a r.lm um ou tpu t
voltlit" II 1.5 Vp p '

~---1 --- ----

HA a WH OCI~

-- .-
, T'(I U

Be "'"
,.
rr
EF 2'4
ElF" 245
'"
Be"'"

.... .- -,
l .~. ".
~ -- -
Fit- I , ClnlU't d,. _ of 1M t llMr modulI
3. CO NSTRUCT IO N
T he RT TY - c on vert t"r la buil t up on tw o lepa ra tOl' P C - b oa rd l. IIA 8 Wit 0 0 1.
whic h II ahown In fo' lljlUrt" 9 a cccmmcdetee t h.. dl, ltl! fo' M-dilcrlmlna tor .
Th.. dimOl'nllonl of P C - bo ard IlA 8 WIl 0 01 a r e 82 .5 m m" 182 .5 m m. ThO' a ud io
frO'qu ency rtlt er II a cccm mcdeted o n P C - bo ard IlA 8 WIl 002 wit h th O' dlmt"nllonl
82.5 mm " 10 2. 5 mm . T h ll boa rd I, iivt" n In fol run 10 .
- 229
."

2.6~
,e
0
'" ~
..;

Q
"
N
 '0 2.5mm

Fig. 10 ; Prtnt ed Clfelllt boerd HA I WH 002 Wiler!

WJ2.!i mm

Fig. 11; Compo.. nt locet ion pi Nl '01' HA I WH 002

- 23 1
 3. 1. C O MP O NE NT D ET A ILS
T I , T 2, T 3, T 4, T~ , T 6: UFY 46 , 2 N 1711 , 2 N 16 13
T 7 : HC 160 , 2 N 290 5 A
T 8, T 9: 2 N 22 18 A, 2 N 2219
T 10, T 12: HC 109
T 11 : B fo' 244 , SF 245
D I , D 2: BAY 45, HAY 88, I N 40 04
0 3, D 4, D ~, D 6, I) 7 : OA 11 60 , 1 N 9 14 , 1 N 414 8
L l: 42 0 mH
L 2: 62 0 m ll
L 3: 6 ~ m ll
L 4: 32 mIl

4. A LI GNM E NT
Conn ect th e o pe ratin g vol t age to tht> dl ac r lm lnator module a nd e bec k t he DC -
volta ge a glvt>n In th e ci rc uit diag ram ( F i g. 3 ). U t hese a re co r r ec t . a n a ud io
gene r ato r ahou ld be connec te d to th e Inpu t o r t he dlac r lm lnator an d tu ned eve r-
th e fr equency r an gt o f Int ert>al. P lot t he outpu t vol tage a . a (unc tio n ot tn e
Input rr-e q ue ncy . Th t> no m in a l cu r ve III giv en In Yl gu r t> ~. The ma gnet o f th e
t l'l eprl nt er wil l be ac tua ted wh en th e c e nt r e freq ue ncy ill pa llllt> d.

If an cec n t o ec o pe la a va ll a bIt'. me cu r ve a gtv en In F igure 4 c a n b... c hec ked

at t he t u l poi nt .. A to K.

T he d illcrl mi na to r m od ule I.. now n'ady fo r o pera tl o n.

T ht> m os t c r iti c a l a li gnm t' nt fo r th e tc w- pe ee fil h.r Is th l,' ac c u r-ate tun in g a nd

loadln g of L 3 a nd L 4. The ti lted c e pec tt e nc e ac r Oli1l t he lle po tte d c o r-e e aho ul d
be ldt' ntl cal; th e Ir- e que ncy alignm ent III m a de by va r yi ng th e c ore .. .

5. R EF EI U :N C ES
0) n . fo; . Sch m it ze r : A Di git al DJllc r lml na tor A c e llllo ry tor F M n emod ula tl on
vm- CO MMUNICAT IONS 2 (19 70) . Edit io n 2, P a gn r oa -u c

VOLUME I (1969) and 2 (1 970) 01 VHF COMMUN ICAT IONS

We would like to point o ut th at all pre vlo ua coplt'll of VHF COMMUN ICAT IONS ar e 1I t111 ava ilab le .
Slnce our ma gllZlne conta lna only tec hnic al ar tlclell of co nttnutng tatere et and value, we enllure
th at ba ck copre e can alwayl be prOVided fo r la te r subsc r ibe ,... The pr ice 01 the co mplete Volume I
(1969) o r 2 (1 970 ) la OM 12, - eac h fo r eur tec e m all o r OM 4. _~ for Indiv idua l copln. Tilt'
airma il pr lce l can bE' o bta ined (r om your national rl' pre aenta tl ve o r (ro m the pubil iher .

- 232
 A SIMI'!.,.: MOIl UL.A TOR FO R "' M- T HA NSMIT T "; RS
by K , I' , T lm m . nn , IlJ 9 Z R

A n A ,. .mpltrit' r m od ule Is 10 be d t'sc rl bt' d h. vln i ai m liar c harac l",rl lltica t o

t he "'M - m od ul a t o r a o f com m t' rc lal m o bl je FM - ay sl",m a , Th e m odu la t or r .. llu irt'a
a min im um o f cornpc ne nt e and la ('a ay t o co net r-uct , A ci r cuit di. i r .m of Itlt'
m od ul e l a ilv(' n In "'l iU r (' 1, Thl' L C e o m b tnatlo n ( Ch I / C I ) II10 pa any n r-
vo lt ait" from r l' a chln i th l' In pu t o f Ih .. tw o llt a i l' pr..a m plifl l' r; Ih l a IIl a il' III
follow f'd by a balancE'd am pt ttud e Itmu e r- c o m p r laln i tw o aUlcon d io d",. wh ich
a rt' p r o vided wit h a a labtl ll l"d blaa vo lt _i t". A pa u l v" lo w pa u tII t t" r ccm peis -
In i port ed Incu e ta nc e L I a nd capac ito rs C j . C 8 a nd C 9 s upp ee...... 11 tre-
qUf'nch' . In e xc e of 3 k ill . T hf' a u bsf' qu e nl a mpUfl t' r s ta,t' a m pliflt'. t h.. Ii
rm t ed a nd fIl le red a ud io s li na! t o a revet . ulla ble fo r modu lallo n of vara c lor
d tode a,

8C 18' C Be 18I.C ec 'oeI. C

"'
'1.
.. - .1> l. l OJ 9 ZR IXJt
u
,
,
lfU
"
,.
n. Cl(I
-".
G= 1
,',
n.
'" H,

",~i>~ 11'::[ ~ 13
. "".r' ..
"
I
1 ~.,
_ 0 ct _
~ "'
~
il,! o
.1. 'N'" I" "I
,. I
"'
I\~' u,

A IIpl'clal fe ature o f thl a circ u it la the fl"l"d back loop via an AF rl"s o nanl ci r cu it
com p r ial n i por ted tndu ctenc e L 2: if con ne c ti on po in t P1 10 la c o n ne c te d 10 th e
In pu t 1'1 2, the fe l"dba ck loop will be c1o" 'd a nd th e ci rc u it will produ c e a
2.6 klh o.cil laUo n . Thl a c a n ln i o r t UI t on e will o n ly be i e nt"ra te d 1f the In .
pu l ( I't 2 ) ia not co nnec t e d t o a Icw -tm pede nc e .0Uf'Cl", If. mlcroph on l" ha v ln l
a n Im p.. da nc e o f If'. a than 2 000 Is conn ec t e d to th e inpu l . th e fl"e dba ck vol l a il'
wl11 be rf'd uc ed t o . uc h a l e ve l tha t o.cUla t lo n will e e e e e . nd the m od ula to r
wl11 o pe r at. no nn a Uy. T hla mf'ana th at It t. o nl y n. c f'. " ry fo r th e mt c rcpo cne
to bt.o dl . c on ne c ted w ith tn e a id o f a p u. h button c o nt a c t when th f' c a U I" 1 o r tl"lIt
t on e la re qui r ed.

FlllU rt' 2 11Iu.trat e a the frl"qu en cy r e e po nee o f th e m o d ulator m odu lt' at low
vol t aito level s , It r epr"a ",nt . a typlc.l f r ",q u to nc y e e e pone e ne e ....ary fo r "M
voice tran sml u lon . In c1udln l th e r .. qu t r e d prl' t'm pha sl s , Til l" i a l n drop s o ff
by 6 dU / oct. ve a l f r l"qu l'ncll"1 tow er Iha n 3 kH z and a t 2~ d B / octa v", tow a rd
h l eh ",r frequ t'n eit' l , Wi th a n In flnlt", drl vl" ( c ll pp ln, I. th", m a xim um output l evel
la a bta 1n.d a t 8 0 0 H ~ ; It II 1. 2 d B ( 10," 1 hlgh.. r Ih a n th t' u nd ill lorle d maxi mum
. Iilla l at 3 kH ~ .

- 233 -

/
/
I.

/
-
I'
~
W'"
OJ 9ZAlIII
IWIOQ _llIl_

.--- '"
l I 4 ' . 7 .1 1;I. ...

It the modulI! I, to be ult'd for ph m odulation o r I I c li ppe r lor an 558

I
Fig. 2

l r an l m ltt f' r , low-pal. l lolk c:o m p r la ln e a ee rh., rI,. l ator 0 1 J kn and I pa-
ralld c a pacit o r of 0.68 .il . " con nec ted 10 th C' ou t pu t o f m e low -pa l ' IUt tor In -
'!l'ad of J> I w ill e nll.L r t' th ll th e ltne a r rreccen c v r " l po nl e la r e sto r ed ,
Th e m od u lator I, ecccmmodeted o n t h l' pr-In te d clrc ui l boa rd DJ 9 Z R 0 09 w ith
th e dLmt'nllonl iU ro m II; 62 mm. Th t' board I, dp II,n.d I I plu, - in c a r d fo r
20 poll' Am phe nol c onnecto r- o f wh ich only om." o r th e two r owa of c ontlct a
III u eed , If a not hl."r fo rm of c onnec t ton I_ r e quire d , th e co nnec tion. c l n be
lold ",rtod to t he a pprc p r ta t e poi nt on the c ont a c t . t r i p. Th e pho to ,ra ph gi ve n
In fo' l f l.lrl' .. a howl the compont-nt a a nd a rra ngem e nt o r th e I C boa rd.

L I : 300 turn. or o. I m m dill. ( 38 AWG I t'n. mp llpd c oppe r wr r e

L 2: 270 tu r n. a. L 1 bot h wound on Sife r r U-pottpd cor.... ( 14 lit 8 mm )
Mat e rl a l : T 26. AL . 250; wit hout holder. d l r ec tly Il ued t o th e PF ~ bo.rd .
Ch 1: 22 ,uH ( o r al m Uar va lue I, mi nlaturl" re t-r-It e c hoh l Dl"lpvan 10 25 5 2 I
T 1 to T 3: BC 109 C. BC IS 4 C, 2 N 3707 or .1 mU ar
D 1. D 2: I N 9 14 o r .imUar U 3: 2.7 V z en ...r diod...
All c a paclto n or mo r e than O. I ,ufo' a~ mlnla ture ' a nt a l I"I...c tro lytica . Ca pa
cllon C 2, C 7, C 8 a nd C 9 ar.. pla .tlc foll ty p... . . All r .... I. tor. a r e 7.5 m m
234 -
 A TRANSISTORIZED POWER A MPLIFIE R FOR 2 METRES
USING THE 2 N 3 6 32
- C oncludlnl s econd Pa M
by H . J . B r andt , OJ I ZB

5 . A PRACTICAL AMP LI F IER

5 . 1. A T WO -ST AGE P OW E R AMP LI FI E R
FlfU re 7 Illuatratea a 2 -a tage pow e r ampUtle r tor 2 me t r ea that haa been d l_
m e na ton ed a c c ordi ng t o t he in formati o n li ven in Part I ot thi. art icle. At an
o pe r a ting voltage o r 28 v, thl l power a m pl U ie r will pro vid e an ou t p ut pow er of
15 W. Th e required Input pow er level ia 450 mw.

co,
r - - - - -.!J
- -O.l ll- - ch~y
- ---
~ "'
-
-- - - - - - _,
cn . 0.11\.
I ~ I~ I~ ~ I
I I
I
I
':hZ :
2 NT~3 75 I
T
c Ia
in
c,
cu
In I : f:H'
T2 I
I

U CI J
I

L CI 19p
2 N 3553
I I
2 N 3632

ce
"
5 to lOp ," u,
"'
10 to 50 ""
Fie. 7 : TWO-1tee- POW" amplihtr for 145 MHI11 5W II 28 VI

T he po we r amplifier la e quipped with a tranabt or 2 N 3 63 2 In the out put ata ge.

Se veral dltfere nt type a are l u lta ble tor t he d riv e r tran ll at or, howeve r , th e
m oat .ultable with r t' g a rd t o powe r , l im pl e m ounting a nd c ooli ng II probably
a 2 N 33 75 t r a n e t e t cr-, Sutflcl ent d r-Ive wo uld a la o be provld.. d by a t ran al l t or
ty pe 2 N 35 53 . Type 40 29 0 ca n 1 11 0 be u l e d It AM II t o be o pe r a ted at a n
ope r a tl nl volta I e o f 12 V. If t he am plifie r fa o nly t o be u a ed wit h a m plitUde
modulation. T O -5 cooling fin . ( Wak efield En gln e t'rln g T ype NF 207 o r 20 9 , o r
a 1mlla r ) wUI be . u fflcle n t for coolin g. With co ntln uo ua C W o r F M ope ration ,
a better- c ooHn g will b t' r e q ui re d , ea pec la Uy wh e n hlgh t'r ambIent t emper-atu ee a
a re to be e x pect e d , Bt'rylUum o r a lum lnum -ox ldt' wa ah t'r l a r t' avaUable for
TO-5 ca.ea with whi c h tht' h eat c a n be t r an aferrt'd f rom the ca alng to th t'
c h a.ata. Of cou rae , the re a re a number- o f dlfre r ent type a o t he a t a in kl t ha t
c a n be u eed, T he autho r u sed a n a nod ill e d T O -5 he at . In k typ e 1101 A tor
ac re w- mou nll ng man ura ctured by J ermy n . Th e uee of th i. hea t . In k c a uaea an
a dditiona l c a pac itanc e o f nearly 20 pF bt' tween ccuec tcr and g r o un d , wh ic h the
dl'lc rl bed c i rc u it i. j uae able to handl e. Of c ou r-ae , t he additional c a padt a nce
C/3 will th .. n be d eleted . In add ition t o thi a , It l a advi.a ble tor indu cta nc e L 2
to be o nl y wound wit h 2 t u rn

- 235 -
 Both t r l n l lat o r a IrE' Ie d with a low bl a a voltallE' vIa t he r E' al at ora In the b. ae
cu r r ent circ u it ( R I o r R 2 I. The va lue l a s elected ao th at a reductton of the
ga in ca n j uat be noti ced . ThE' collec tor cu rr...nta a re rIlt E' red twi ce a nd a rE' by -
pa "l:!d with I c a pac ito r fo r VHF a nd for l ow r r equen ete e ( C 9 C 12 J. Appro -
:d mlt . ly I. !I j.lF r-epr-e ee nt th e uppe r limit fo r th e total byp' ' ' ce pac tt enc e if
thi. clrc uU la to b. m odulat E'd et nee th e m od ul ator work. Int o a n Impedance
of only 30 n .

5. 2. C O NST RUC TI O N
W ith po we r Im pl ltle r . ta gt"a of thl a pOW E' r ca t .llory , th e r eqet red coo Unll vi r-
t ua ll y de te rm tn ee th e cc ne rrcc uc n. The a ut ho r 'a prot otype wa . dlmenaio n ed for
co nUnuoua o pe ra tion and la bunt u p on a hE'at .In k typ e KS 9'1 -1 50- A of Au . t e r -
lIt l . Nu r em be eg , A em e n a luminum c lll inil ( T t"ko m od el 4 A I, in wh i ch th e
actual circ uit I. a c commodated , 11 m ounted on thl a heet l in k. The c aa e is pro-
vi ded to e neu r-e th at th e circu it I. a de qua te ly ec r e enec . Figure 8 . howa a photo-
llraph of th e autho r '. pro to ty pe .

HE' a t -c onduc tln g pe ete ( E'. g. type 120 The rm al J oi nt Compound of Wa ke fi e ld

t::ngineerln K) i. to be u lled o n m ountin g th e tr lln a l .tor a in o rder to e n eu t-e a
good tra n llft' r of heat to th t' h ea t .ink. Co nv e ntiona l wi r in g ha l bee n UIIE'd for
thl l a mpl1f1t' r since a lar ge a mou nt of room la avaUablt' fo r th e r e lll tivE'ly few
compo nent . due to th e large he at lIink an d caalng. In a dditi on to tht a, th e lar ge
Krou nd au r race 1. lm portant fo r co rrec t o pt' r a ti on of th e ci rcu it a t auc h high
pow er loeve te ,

- :l J lS -
If Ih e .mpH!le r- I. o nly 10 be- lI.ed fo mplitud.. modu l.llon . th e he .t to be-
d la al paled . Ul be con.lderably lo w nd It wOlll d b. ponlbl. 10 .. educe t he
.Ize o f th e he. t . in k . It o weve e, Ih l. I. not t o be r e c om m e nd ed .Ince it could
h. v n . d vera e .rr.d nn the IIfe - .. xp.ctancy of the t ran.l.ton . T he t em per-e -.
t u r e of th. r e l.lIv.ly a m . ll t ra n. l.to r . yat e m. wiil foll ow t he powe r v. r l. t lo na
c.lI. .d by th e m od ll l. l lon up t o fr . qllencl.. . of .pproxim.tely 20 kH&. Thl . c on-
t ln uou . hUn, a nd coolin, plac c e rte tn amount of . t r .. . . o n Ih y.lem
a nd cont ec t e wh ich Inc r ...... with th e d.. g r .... of t he t .. mpe r e w r e Iluetu a t lon .
10' 01'" th l . ..eon n adt'qu.t. c o o lin I o f the "llpenlllv" po we r am pllfl. r t r . n. -
l.lo ra I. r ec omm ..nd t'd e ven In th e A M -mode.

5.2 .1 . S P EC IA L CO MI' O NE NTS n >Jt T il E CIltC UIT G I Vfo; N I N FIG. 7

T 1 : 2 N 33 75 o r 2 N 3553 ( RCA J; T 2 : 2 N 363 2 ( RC A )
All IndIJctanc e . a re wOllnd from 1 mm dl am . te r { 18 AWG J . U ve r - p la t ed copper-
wtee wou nd o n a 6 mm dlam.. te r- former. a to lfau p po rtlni. tu r n .paclni I mm.
L I : 4 111 m . ; L 2 : 3 111 m . ; L 3 : of tll rn a .
C h I . C h 3 : approx . 130 ,, 11 . (e rrlt e wld e band rh ob . ( SI.. m tn . typ e
a 8250 1- A-C 27 . Deleva n type 1025 -70)
Ch 2. Ch of - C h 6: a pp r o x. I "n rt'r rltt' w ld e ban d c ho ke ( S i.. m e ne type
U 8 250 1-A -C I . De l e va n ty p t 10 25 20 o r - 2of )
C I . C 2. C 5. C 7 : 2. 0 . 19 p1" a l r - . pa ced t r tmme r-
C of . C 8 2 .5 301' 1" .I r -apaced u-unme r
lI ea t . In k fo r TO 5 a nd T O 39 c . .e. wUh aluminum a ll Id e d lac fo r Ina ul a tt' d
a nd 10 w -ca pac Ua n C' e m o un tin g. Il e a t r .. a lat a nC't' epprcx- 26 C / W ( Sou rlau type
Tll P 05 0 3 I I.
o r Beryllium -o d d e wa a he r . for TO 5 a nd TO 39 ce ee,
o r Alu m in u m - o xi d e w he r a ror TO 5- a nd TO 39 -ca.t'a . He a t r e a l a ta nc e
app r o dm'lI .. ly 1 . 5 C / W .

5 .3 . A L IGN ME NT A ND NOT E S T O -rua O PE ltAT ION OF T i llS A MP L IFl fo:R

Th e a m pl Hler I. be et .1IiJ1ed wit h the aid o f a lo w - paaa o r band -pa n rm e r
ft' edln i i nt o . n .rtl f!C'i.1 o r we U -ma tche d antenna . A . ta ndlni - w . ve m e t e r I.
pla c ed bt' lwe to n th e low pan rilter a nd Ihe a nl e nna ( forward vo we r I. An ope r a t -
In i vo lta,e o f 28 V la no w c onnecte d a nd th e amplifier ft'd wit h a 145 MII & a l iJ1a l .
T he in put mat chln, of bo lh t ra n . ht o ra t a flntly a1l 1"" d ror mall1m um c u r-r-em
a nd th e collec to r c i r c uit o f th e rln a l .mpl U ier fo r madmum Ind icatio n on t he
SW H.-me ler. S ince th e adJll a tmt'nl a ha ve a C' e r t a ln tn t era c ll o n o n a not h. r U
trlm m era should be .1IiJ1ed !Inall)' fo r max1mll m Indical,lon on th e SWR -mete r .
At tull po we r . th e ccttec tc r- c u r r e nt of the powe r a mpll!ler ataie amoon ta to
app rod m a lely 800 rn A; th e c u r-r-e m of th e d rive r . t a g e I pp rod ma tely 150 rn A .
Th e R1" - power w Ul h e a p p roxi ma te ly I W d o wn a t th e ba nd limit If m e po we r
. mpl trle .. la adJu.te d In Ih l . m a n n...r- .nd o pe r a t ed with . para U.1 c a pac1ta nC' t'
o f 12 p Y. It w ill be able t o wlthalan d an o pt"n o r a ha rt_c i rcu it o f tht" .nlt' nna
o r . n y de tu n t na: of th e c o llec to r circ u it . eVli"n al full dri ve . A Re r Ih ls aU (O -
m ent a l 28 V. Ih e a mplifier la c o m pl . tely rt'ad)' to r o pt' r . tlon In Ih e C Wo 1" M
0" AM m od e a .

- 237 -
Such . powe r .mpHtler . hou ld n ot be dire ctly c o nnec t e d t o the .ntenn. but vi
Icw - p tilter th.t a t te nua te s th e ha rmoni c . by .1 l ...a at 30 dB . O f c o u eee,
a ba nd p. a . tllt e r ia e ven betl e r- alnce it will a upp r ea ny low er rreqc enctee
th. t are not . u Hlcle ntly auppreaaed In th e exct t e r-, Ac cording to the r e iU la tion .
valid In Germany. t he ha r m o nic e uppr eeetcn of. 2 ~ W tra n.mitter at t reque n -
c t ee abo ve 30 MH z ahou ld b... at leaal 60 dB do w n o n th e ca r r ie r . It c an no t be
ex pec t ed tha t the harmonic au pp r-elon at the c ollec to r o f th e ti nal ampliti e r
Is a ny grea ter than 2 ~ dB . whi ch m ean a that add itional fUt erlng I, r e qu i r e d.

6. MO DULATOR C IRCU IT S
Even wh en o nly amplitud e m od ulation III. t o be de alt w ith here , Ihls doe . not
mean tha t olh ... r -, popular m od e s ar e to be di. r ega r ded . It I, onl y tha t a m pli-
tude m od ul at ion mu at be co netde r-ed dur in g th e dlml'n alon ln g o f po wer .mpUfler
. tagel .

In conj unc ti o n wit h tran , lat o r l zed t r a nlml tte rs , two modulatin g me t hoda ar-e
m .lnl y u aed : Co llec to r vol tag e and collecto r cu r re nt m odutatt cn, Wit h t hl. type
o f m odu latio n, vo lt ag e and cu r rent a r t' both afte c ted , wh ich mean a that U ill
immal erial whic h m a gnitud e I. dire ctly Inrl uence d , Ho we ve r, it I, Impos .lble
t o o bta in . modulati on de llth of 100 ,," by m erely m odulating th e o ul pu t tran,lat or
alnce the cc nec to e-eeee dlod e o f the tra na iator will a lt cw unm odula ted drive -
power to paaa direc tly from the ba a!' Int o t he collecto r c i rc uit a t ve ry low
coll ec to r volt a ge . Thl l la th e r e a ao n why th e drive r at .ge I, u aually m od ula t ed
at th e aame time . Ev e n In thla ca ae, the ca r r ie r pow e r at h. l t th e o peratlni
volt age ia m o atly ao m ewha t g r e at e r th an 1/4 ot the pt' a k po wer level, es pe cia ll y
when the t ra n al at or. a re to be driven t o t he ir maximum limit" Thl, II de pen-
dl'nt o n the reducti o n of the cu r re nt gain at high cur-r-ente , The . lm ul t. neou a
m oduf atton of th e out pu t I tage ot the e xcite r cou ld s-epreeent an Improve me nt ,
how e ver, it II Im port.nt that truly pOI IUv e modulallon la obt a ine d o r th e
m odulatio n dept h llmited In ecm e ot her ma nn e r- bec ause otherwlae h igh dlat o r-
tl o n II to be e xpe cted (3) . In th e circuit In qu eatlon (Fig. 7 I, it h. a been
fou nd that It i utrlclenl for the d river and pow e r am pl if ie r to be modulated .

In th l a cont e xt , th e e mitte r c urre nt m odu l.tlon de ac r lbed In ( 12 ) s ho uld be

me nti on ed . Since th e DC - volt a ge bet ween collec to r a nd bae e la maintalned c o n-
I t . nt w ith . Z t' ne r di ode. ooly t he collec to r cu r r e nt wil l va ry In the dee cetbed
c i rc u it . Thl. rnee ne th.t alm llar co ndition. are obtat ned all w it h g rid-voltage
modu la tion o t tube The d Uclency ot the po we r output , tait' I. only o pt im um
at th e peak powe r l e vel; It la o nly halt . , gre a t a t th e ce r-r ter te ve t , An ad -
v. nt.ge i . that th e pow er d la.lp.tion ac r o the modul a ti on t r .n. l at or I, very
l ow . T he modu latt on dept h ot 100 ,," that c . n be obt a tne d In th l a manner I, d ue
t o th e fact th at th e collec t o r vo lt age r e ma in. c oneta nt wh ich m eans t h.t U II
not pollslble t o t r- a ne fe j- po we r vi a the c oll ec t or- base di ode o f the tr.n.lat or.
T he dtrtlcult y with t hl ll m odul.tlng method III In t he cor rect byp. ..ln g ot th e
e rmt t e r at the RF tr.nalator wh ich , all a lready ... " pl.l ned , be c ome. even more
c ri tical o n In c rea llin g Ih ... po w...r-,

All ampHtud e modul al or cl rc ultll c an be di vi ded int o t wo grou pa. T ne fl r llt g r o up

wo rk. at the o pe rEl ll ng voltage ( 28 V 1 nl"c e a aElry tor t he peek po we r leve l a nd
with e rl.... tran a l.tor In th e collec t or c u r-r-ent circ u it I without tran aform er).
In thl a m anne r-, it la t'a llY tor t r ans m ltle ra to be cona t ru cted for .... ve ral e pe r a r -
Ing m od e a whe re t he o pti m um pow er- la alwly a ava il a ble : 12 - 15 W In "'M a nd
C W o r 3 - 4 W unmodul s t ed e e r- r te r pcwe r In AM .

- 238 -
The aecond ,roup ope ratea a l ha a the operaUn, volta,. r e qul r l'd fo r t he pt"ak
po we r level ( 12 t o 14 V I and rt'qul re a " mamellc atora,e" In order to brln,
th e collecto r volta,e t o tw ic e the va l ue in th e modut.t1o n pe ak a . Wit h reep..c t
t o th e AM - al m a l . bo t h m e th od a are l'qually good . If auch a cln::ult la. on the
oth e r hand. a lao t o be ual:"d for CW or FM . it wUl not be poaetbl e fo r a hlgh!"r
po we r t o be ope r a ted than wa a availa ble for t he u nmodula led carrie r In the A M-
m ode if th e a lignment la not to be a lte red . By only Il te rlnl th e m a tch in l cl r-
c u lta ( le a a i nduc Uv lt y . m ore c apac Ua ncl' ). It la pou ib le t o obta in In OUlput
powe r o f 6 to 8 W with Ihe Ir an atalo r 2 N 363 2 a t In opt"ratlng vol tage of 12 V
t o 14 V It tran al at o r ty pe a 2 N 3375 o r 40 281 ( RCA I are u aed aa d river.

8 .1. MODULAT OR C IRCU ITS FOR 28 V

Flrure 9 aho wa a a imple modula to r outpu t atal" withoul t ranaforml'r. The NI'N-
AF pow er tran a tltor T 7 fa conn ec ted In the eeiteetce cu rre nt circuli o f the
R F t r a n al at o ra to bl' modulat.d . T he P NP Ir a na la lo r T 6 la uled aa AI-' driver
ao th a t the pe ak pow e r level of Ihe NI' N t ranlla lo r I, ob tatned , Of eou eee, one
c ou l d provide an a r r an gem('nt wit h a ecesuec bool atra p ca pacitor al nce th e
l a me prob lem a occ u r aa with t r an af o rme r leal pu ,h - pu ll aud io a m pl Hierl. The
l iven c i rc u it h a a th e a dvantale th a t t ra na lltor T 7 ca n be vi rtually driven Into
aa tu r a tlon fo r t e lt purpo l e a In t he DC -mod e . The tot a l r e a iat an c e In the hale
circu it of T 6 la dt menetc ned for Iymme trlca l modulallon 10 that hair thl' cpe r e
atln l vo ltage la p r-e e ent a t th t' emittt' r of tra n l l ato r T 7. The r e a la tan c t' valu"l
a r e depe ndent on Ihl' cu r-re nt gain o f both t ran,l,to ra and may have to b. varied.
T h t' a ud io p reamplifier m ua t pro vide a drive voltall' of approx . 500 mY.

T6
<,cr 2 N 2904
u,
)-1
.
...
T7
2 N 30~
C2
'"
_.-
IOOlI/lOY
U.,
_011 0 &" 14Y
10 ut. pi...
of "'- 1'. ..."""

"'m "
'00'
lO t.. moctJI I Md

r 0

AI can be eee n In F lCU " 10. a P Ni ' power tran l lato r ca n be ual'd fo r cu rr..nt
m od ul ati on . A turthl' r PNJ> t r an l il t o r ( T 8 I la conn..e ted befor-e th e modulator
I T 9 ) to tne r ee ee th e Inpu t lmpl'dance of th e circuit . The ca r r ie r level la ad-
Jua ted by th e ba l e cu rren t o f tran a l at o r T 8 ao tha t 14 V la again p"a..nt b e l -
we en th l' collec to r o f t ran , l at o r T 9 and sere, The large ft' e dha ck ( C 3/R 41
C 2) Impecve e the Un.arit y o f th e m od ul ation . How e ver, It could lead to A F
oa clUa tion if th e gain In t>xcel' o f th e m odul ation rr e quencte e we r t' not auffl-
clently Iu pp r ealed wit h th e a id of ca pac itor C 3.

T he dt' manda ma de on trana latora T 7 a nd T 9 arC' th C' .ame when Ihe polarity
il not ta k. n in to conaidC'Mltlon . T he b re. kdow n voltag.. VCE!> m Ull be a t I al

- 2 39
. a h l e:h a a th e ope r a tlne: vo ltae:" ( 28 V J, a nd th e pl'rm l a a lbl e ccltectc r- c u r r e n t
mu at a t leaat b.. aa hle:h aa thl' I>f' ak cclt ec to r c u r-ren t of th e m odulated R Io' -
t r a nala to ra ( a pp rox . I A) . T he pow er diaalpation In o pera tion II o bla lned from
h alf t h l' o pe ra Ung vo ltage a nd half tho.' cu r-rent ( a p p rox . 7 W I .

,-~--~----<> 'Ub
lOY
"
T8
2 N 290'0
. 14 V 10 Ut. p1u. 01
>-IN---t-H
ct t~tf"""lOt'
to ~ ........IIM

'"
"'F Inpul

:>----~'__'_--<>_-_-<> o

Fig. 10: Trl n, lonnerl... eoUectot -curtltnl moduil lot fot 28 V l l A

6.1 . 1. SE MIC ON U UCT O HS FOH T il E CIHCUlTS G IVEN IN FIG. 9 ANU 10

T 6, T 8: 2 N 29 04, 2 N 29 05 ( Tl) o r HC 160 (Sleml'n a, ITT - Interml't a U)
T 7: 2 N 305 4 ( IlCA J or 40250 ( HCA )
Til: AIJ 150 ( S h'mo.' ns , A EG -Te ll' fu nk ..n).

6 . 2. MOD U l.ATOH CIHCUIT FO R 12 TO 14 V

Th e s econd g r o u p of m o du la tor clreul ta u au a lly o pt' ra t eB wit h a tran afonner a nd
a pu sh -pull elaa a n amp IUI l'r. T hl. t e , without doubt, the m oat economte manne r
of g.. nl'rII tlng thl' m od ula tion po we r , how e ve r-, m e dhn .. na lonln e: or purcba ee or
a aulta bl t' tre eerc rmer ca n ca uee ao mc pr-oblem a ,

It o ne c an acce pt the Iowe r l:'ffici l' ncy o f elasl A a m pli fil:'r , it la poaetble
for 1Il' l a Ln g m od ul a ti on to elso bl' uae d In c o nju nction w ith tran81atorl z ed tra n l -
mttt e e e , In tube te chnolo gy, II ha s ~ l'n aa ld tha t a m odu la tlon de pth o f lao,,"
can not be c b ratn ed uli ing th l l type of m od ula to r , how e ve r, thl l II no t va lid for
t ra nal a to r a etnc e th e- re efdu a l vo lta!i:l' o f HIo' pow er Iran lliatorll la g r e a te r th a n
tha t o f A F tr a n sla t o r 8 . In eddit lon 10 th l a , at h'ae t Iw o a tag ea a r e alw ay a m o -
dulated, A cc nv ent fona l power c ho ke with an In duc U v ity o r approxlm at f'ly 40 t o
100 m il will be autficif'n t as modu l a tor c ho ke stnce the RF a tae f'B o f t he d l:'-
Ilcrl bt'd u-an emnt e r o nly repres ent a lo ad of 30 n for the m odulator. II Is
Important th at t he c u r-re nt ra ting b au fUcll' nlly gr eat a nd thai the DC - cu rre nt
r eststa nc e la a . lo w a a po a at bl e ,

F l gurl' II ehowe a a u ita ble ci rc u it . T he NPN a ud io pow er tran. lator T II l a

dri ven by tran lll. tor T 10, which III p r-o vi ded to Increa a e th e Inpu t Im pe d a nc e .
The cur re nt fl ow in g via tran a lat or T I I la a dJu al ed with the aid of potentto-
m ete r- R 3 vi a the ba a t' cu r re nt o f T 10 t o halt the pe a k po we r value o f th e
m odul ated tran lli etor ( a pp rox . 600 rnA ). A fe edback li nk ( It 5 and C 2 ) .. ns u r-e s
a a uit a bh' au di o f requency r l' lIrOn l e. and ca pacitor C 3 co nn.. e t e d In parall e l
10 th e Il e l a ln g c ho ke C h I n o.'u t r a l b t' 8 a ny h'nd l' ncy to ollcilla tion v ia th l a reed -
bac k li n k,

- 240 -
Th e pc we r z oner dio de D 3 pl ayl an Impo rta nl pa rt. Nam el y , voltagt' p4"ak l
ca n be gent' r a ted acron Ih l.' cho ke t ha t would dt'l l roy the RF Ir an l i lio n. 'I'h e
Z t'ne r diod e Umltl the s e to a val ue th a i will not e nd a nge r th e t r an a la tora .
T he eecc nd po we r diode D 4 In ae rIe I with the modu lato r out put tm p r ove e the
modulation de pt h In the r e gion o r th e zero ca r rie r l e vel. With out th l l d iod e
( ou t pu t I) it II nol poaat ble to br ing t he RF po we r quite t o zero In the m odu -
Ia t tc n peak 8 In cc ntr-e et to th e current m odu l ation model . Howe ver, II w1l1 go
z e ro wh en ou tpu t II 11 u aed s tnc e t he di ode bl oc kl a cu r r ent In t he oPPOI Ue
di re ction which att em pt a t o Cla w via th e collec to r- bale diode . Sin ce th e di od e
ca ua el a pp rox im a te ly I V voltage d r o p a t peak po wer, a nd the problem II only
c a u aed by t he d r-Iver- I tag e whi ch operate. wit h a c onl ta nt d r i ve , it i l m o r e
fa vou rabl e fo r ou t pu t I t o be u s ed ro r the po we r a m pli fie r I tage an d output II
t o be u l ed to r th e d rive r . Na tu r all y , th la m e an I that a s epa r -at e connec tion
m u .t be provIde d to r th e c ollec to r voltage o f th e d r iv e r In th e c i rc u it ot t he
po we r out pu t t r an i li t o r ( Fig. 7 [ , T hi l II a llO favoura ble t or te ll pa r poee e.
II I 1Oll ~

Rl

'"
III Ik "
1011
rt::::HI-<,'"1
", H 03
BSX 4~ t-- - H 2M "

R'
120

)----~--~>_>_>_--_o o
F" 11: CollKtor"ol. ITIOdulllio n wlm Hl ilil'lltchok. tor 12 V operllion
The ci rc uit gl vt'n In Fi gu r e 11 I lia r equ lre l a pproximatel y ~ o o mV d ri ve for
fu ll modulatio n . T he dropper r n l 8t or T I c a n be de le te d In p r actic e it th e pre -
a mplltle r ha l a 11m lIar or hIghe r Impede nc e, At a l owe r re i li tance, the fe ed -
ba ck will not ope rate c o r r e c tl y. T he de m a ndl on t r an i l ito r T II with r e gard
t o volt a ee , current and po we r dl Bllpation a r e appr oximate ly th e l a m e a l for
cu r r ent modu l a ti on. In ope ra tion , th e c u r r e nt n ow o f th e m odula tor I taee and
th e m odu l at e d HI" t r an .l lto n II I Uehtly hi ghe r th an the pea k po we r coll ec to r
current o f t he m odul at ed IItage. tbem ael ve e (a pp rox . 1.1 A) . A. lon g a B no
overm odulatl on OCC Uri . t he cu r re nt wUl r em ain ccne ta nr, With collecto r volt aee
m odulatio n, th e fi na l a lignment of the R f>' pow e r affiplHler . tage an d t he m odu -
lator circuit a r e m os t fa vou r a bly m ade by obee r-vin g t h e en vel ope of the m o -
dul a ted IIlgn a l , Thl. me tho d II n peclaUy r e com m en ded it tw ic e t he operatin g
volta ge 11 not avall a bl e fo r the pea k po we r a li gnm e nt of th e RF I ta ge l . In t hi l
manne r, the m oet tavou ra ble cu r rent for th e m odu la tor I r an 81al or T I I will be
found quic kly .

6 ,2. 1. SPECIAL CO MP ONE NT S F OR T ilE CI RC UIT G I VEN IN F IG . II

T 10 : BSX 45 ( Sl e m ena ) o r BC 140 (Sle m ena, ITT - Int erm l't a ll )
T II : 2 N 305 4 ( RCA ) o r 40 250 ( RCA )
D 3 : ( 33 v I I W J. BZ Y 92/C 33 , Z D 33; D 4 : BY 250 , BY 10 3, 1 N 4004
C h 1: 0.04 10 0 .1 H, po we r c ho ke.

- 24 1 _
 7. NOTES
7 . 1, MOUIL E OPERATION
The m odulator ci rc uit- fo r 12 to 14 V a re lJulta bl e fo r m c btte ope r atlon . Inc e
th.l. I. th e vol tage th at I. m oat u eed in vehtct e e , Thl. m e an . that no DC - DC
con ve r t er wUl be t-equirt"d. In thl . co ntext, a fa ct s hould be po i nt ed out wh ich
I. r e la Uvt' ly unkn own . nam e ly , that ce rt ain el ec tr-om agne t te coneum e r-e In t he
veh lcle , e . i . the . t a rte r r elay o r the horn. i f'nera t t> pt>.k vo ltagfO' of up to
100 V whi c h are th en p r .... ent on th e po wer- su pp ly of t he vent cte . T heae voltage
pt"ak . m ust not be allow ed t o r-each a ny t r an . l . tor h:e d e qu tpm e nr e tnce they
wou ld Ina tantaneoualy d .... t r oy the pow er tran.lato r Un fo rtuna te ly . the aut hor
only kn ow. o f th e ee proble m . Ind i rec tly an d it would be ve ry fa voura bl e if a
. pt"c la U. t In ca r an d mob ile r a d io In. ta ll a tion. we r-e a bl e to pubUah d t>talb
r t> iardln i lIuc h e rrec t

The r equire d m t>a .u r t> . t o p ro te ct th e t r an . l.tor c lrcu lta art> on e n dependen t

on th e typ e of ci rcu it a nd t he elec rec-magnettc e qut pme nt o f th e ca r a nd al.o
on wh ich poJnt of th e ca r c i r c uli th e vo lt a ie fo r the t ran. l .torl'led equipment
la t ak en . T he m o at fa vourable po. Uion I. to t ap o ff th e voltaie d t r-ect.ly at th e
batte ry ull ng t wo . u fflcl ently thi ck wtre Inc e th e ca pac lt a nc f:" of th e battery
wUl r e du ce the volta i'" peak F o r ca r r adi o . that are c on nec t e d via the Igni _
tion key, a cho ke I. u l ual1 y p ro vid ed In the . up ply cu r-r e nt co nn ec tio n whi ch
provld.... th e r equ rred pr ot ec ti on

. ~--....- - ...---I.-lr-----
2 N 3055
~
2 N lLt.2
R2 2 N 3773

0' H=~ - - .., ,
C2 "-02
I
Fig. 12: P. ot-.::tion cin: ui1agaimt
O'I'. ... oIlav-on lha wahlcla natwortl

Electroni c protection c l r cu lh c a n be dlrn ena to ned ('( fec tl ve ly when th e am plitude

a nd t he wa ve fo r m of th e vo ltaie pt"ak . I. kn ow n by mea.urlng t hem on an 0 ' -
c ttrceccpe , The m e et s tm p le fo r m o f prot ec tio n I di od e with a breakdown
voltage of a pproxi m ate ly 15 V. T he peak cu r r ent . u rge that ca n be paned through
th e diod e I. limited by II. da ta. A . om e wha t m o re e xte ns tv e ci rc u it i . ilvpn
In F lrure 12. In thl . c a . t' , a .e rlp. tran . l . tor I. u . ed wn c ee br-eakdown volta ie
mu. 1 be hl ht'r than th e mallimum pea k vo ltage th at a ppea r Thl t'rlt>. tran .-
1.lor I. placed In ae r ie. with t he plu. c onne c ti on . T he ba . e I. byp e d with
a la rge ca pac it a nce C I t o groun d, The ba.e c u rrent la a dj u. tt>d with Ih e re -
. I. to r com bina tion R 1 ... R 2 .0 tha t th e Ir a n . l l t o r c ond uc t . Thi. i . t o e neu ee
Ihat only a ve ry . m all volta ge d ro p occu ra In normal c pe r ancn. If a volta ge
pea k a pp eara on the netw o rk of th e ve hic le , Ih la wili tiratl y c a use c a pac ito r
C 1 t o be cha rged be fort' th e vot tag e a l the ecne um ... r ca n al.o tnc r ee ee. If t he
tim e c onet e nr ( R I ... It 2 ),.; C I I. fll r grt'a ler th an th e pul ee du r ation , th e
pul . e wil l not be pr e s ent at t he ou t pu t , In o rd e r to Im pr-ove the fUte r e ffe ct
of t he ba s e ci rc uit , th e ba l e d r-oppe r- r-.... Iet c r- ca n be .pll t up a nd ope s-ate wit h
tw o o r more RC . ll nk A dl ode co nn ec t ed i n paral1 t'i to ca pacito r C I cou ld
abo avoid an Inc re al e of th e capac ito r vo ltai'" above a certain val ue if a ny
seque nc e of pu b e s I. obta ine d . Any vol t a ge peak ll o f op po ette pola r it y can be
a ho Med wJt h th e aid o f a lIufflciently wejj dlm e naloned dlo de 0 1.

- 242 _
7 . 2. TRANSISTO RI ZED SSB -I'OW lo;R AM I'LI~'I~;RS

In th e dl . cu 'llon co nclud ln , the lec ture , It W' I dllcu. led what POWIP r c a n be
expected from the tranll ato r 2 N 3632 i n th e SSMmooe. T he author haa not
t ritod t hia mode hlm aelf but ha l hea r d from a rtoll able l o u rce that approxima t ely
5 W PE P a r t!' to bt' expt'c h'd I t a lurrlcle ntly eccept a ble Int e rm odu la tl on rati o
(approx. 25 d B ) .

Thll m ay l et' m dlaappolntl n,. 1I0we vt' r , the t r an l i l t o r I. not abl e to dl rt'ctly
compe te wit h tu bea al a I. r,e al,naili nea r amplifie r w he~ the efficiency alao
play I U. part . Wh e r to a . modem SS B t ra nlmUtln, tubee deallJled wit h the aid
o f c om pu t e r- exhibit Intenn odul.Uon ratio a o f 40 t o 50 d B at th e noml n-I power
(2 1, It il e ven diffi cult with t ran.llton t o o bta in r a tl o l o f 30 dB o r mo r e If
re li a ble ope ration II to be maintai ned.

With Iran a lat o n fo r elaa. C. t o wh ich thto flr-t Overlay tn-nll.to r type . belo n,.
It II only Importan t fo r th e peak c u r re nt an d the tran l U fre qut"n c, t o be a a hl , h
a, poaal ble . With SSB tran a lat orl , o n th e ot he r han d, It II nec e l l a ry for th e
cu rrent ,a ln and tran. lt frequt!'nc y to r ema in r el a ti ve ly c o n l t a nt ove r th e wh ole
drive r ln, e . Thia II obtai ned. fo r inltance, wit h Inte, rated emtuer re.llto r ,
whi ch allo Impro ve th e b ,..akdo wn cha rac t e r ll tl ca ( 13) . Such tran l i l t orl allow
2 / S th e C W powe r to be expec ted . . SSB -PEP -powe r with l u ffi c lently ,ood
Unu r lt y (81.

In co nt rll t to tube l, additi onal dll tortlon. a re gen e ea ted In t ra n ill t ora du e to
th e volta , e d ependent ca pacita nc e The Ilneartly th e refore decreale a o n In .
c realln, the fr e qu ency. fo' eedback l1nk a are no lon , er abl e to h el p a lm;:e th e
ph .. e . hl n bl"t wlPen input and ou t put volta,e w11l be too , r eat. In th e RF-tt" ch -
nolo lD', It l a no t poi lible fo r a I r e a l rat io t o be m aintained betwt!'en th e tran l it
fre qu en cy and th e hi ih ut f ~quency of o~ ratto n . a l II the c a . e w ith IIi -FI
am pllfle rl . The Une a rlty I. a t It l belt In th e com mon- bale circ u it a l Io n, al
th e fe edback e rrect ia nell Urth le .

Fit . 13: $$8 twotona t.n 110'* .,Ith lnt" modulatlon ~ '"
A I peclal feat ure of tran at at o r SSB am pl lf le rl II th e unu l uaUy wid e apec tru m
o f Inte rmodu la tlon produc tl ( ~'I I . 13 ). Where. . It la o nly thi rd a nd fifth o rder
produc ta t bat a re luppre ..ed le .. t han 50 dB with m Ol t tu bed t ran.mlt te n , aU
produc t . up to th e eleve nth o r thirt e enth o r de r r ema in above tht l l imit w ith
t r- n l i l torb e d power arn pltfllra. Thtl meanl t hat th e m a in a d vanta,el of SSB .
th e lo w bandwidth r e qu irement . , c a nnot be utUbed due to th e wide r an,. of
distortion around th ~ re qui r ed .I,nal. A level dlUe renc e o f 30 to SO d B il v.ry
lo w in com pa r l l on t o th e dy na mic r an , e of m od ern r ec e i vera th at a r. a hle to
hand le II,na ll bet ween 0. 1 jJV a nd 10 0 m V { 120 dB} . Aft er c o nl lde r lnl tn e ee
fact i , It I. no won der th at th e l ea dln , ma nu fac tu re ra on ly o rre r ve ry fe w tran a -
lator. with lUa ra nteed SS B lpeCiflca tiona fo r th e aho r t wave ran , e a nd e Vln l e a.
for th e VHF ran l e .

- 2. 3 -
8. AUXI LIARY CIRCUI TS
8.1. POW ER OSCILLATOR
T he ex cit er at agea fo r th e power a m plifie r a hown In Fl iU "' 7 we r e aUlI not
d eveloped at th e time of the le cture . The autho r t herefore u sed the pow er oa :
cllIator give n In F liU re 14 for dri vin g th e pow er am plifier experime nta lly . T he
t r an al at o r ty pe :2 N 3SS3 o r be tt e r at lll the Inex pe netve 2 N Sl89 ( RCA) ca n be
u eed , Thl a t r a n al at or can alao be ope r-ated a t 28 V 1n th t' 2 m ban d but aUt'ntion
mu at be paid t ha t I SO rnA la not ex c eeded du e t o th t' li a bUlt y o f breakdow n .
Thl l meana that It II auIta bl e for driving t r a nda tor typu 2 N 35 53 o r 2 N 3375 .

The olc lllato r ci rc u it u l ed oac Ula tea wt' ll a nd c a n be co m pa r ed t o the Ha rl lt'y

circuit po pula r In the Twentlt' a a nd T hlrtlea . It II ve ry l u lta blt' fo r e xp e rtm ent a
where th e po we r and not ure fr t'qu en cy ata b lllty a rt' of primary Impcetance , The
powe r ca n be va r-ied within wide IIm Ua by a lte r ing the ope r a t ing volt age ,

CJ T3
"0, 2 N 3553
~;.Il(:~ 1-1 2 '"N 51 89 .. ,
,

I "u, "
Ch , J
Z ~H J "0 I
I I
I
"'
21 I Fig. 14: Tral'lliltOl'ized , 0 _ 0ICi1i1t0l'
L- ~
I lor , xp"' lment.at VHF and UHF

T ec hnlc aUy apea klng, t he ci rc u it rep re e ent e a modified Cl app olcUta lo r . In m e

VHF / UHF rlnge. t he t r an alator c a pac lta nc e a ar e u s ed In t he r e eonent e rrc c ue
ao thlt eJ:tt'mal c apac it orl are not T(quired. In t hl a ci rc uit , how ev er, 15 pF
la co nnec ted In parallel with th e coll ec to r baae pat h In order t o limit th e de -
pencenee o f the fr eq ue ncy on th e ope raUng voltage ( with C 2 IS pF app r ox.
144 . 5 MHz to 145. 5 MHr. betw e en 14 and 28 V ). The circuit com p ri d n g L 1
an d C I m ai nl y dete rrntn e e th e fr e quency .

T he a ll"a l l a taken from the emitter via a lIe r lel ca pacito r I,nt o a n ohm ic lo a d.
Si nc e t he pow er am plifier po alle l le a no r e a l inpu t Im pe da nc e wUhout dri ve . the
olc Ulato r wtl l not com m enc e olc Ul a l lo n in aplte of th e 3 dB att e nuato r ( R 3.
R 4 an d R 5 ). Thl l i a th e rea aon why the 4. 7 pF II r equi r ed from t he em itt er
t o gr ou nd ( C 5 ) .

8. 1. 1. SP ECIAL COM PONENTS FOR F IG. 14

T 3: 2 N 3553 or 2 N 5 189 ( RCA )
L 1: 220 - 3 15 nH, c e ra m ic Inductan ce
Ch 1. Ch 2: a ppro x. 2 ",H. fe rrit e wldeband c ho ke ( Delev a n)

244
8,2 , CO NVE RT E R FOR OHS ERVING TH E ENV!o;LOPE
OF T HE TRANS MITT ED SIGNAL
T be dl r t'c t oba t' rvat lo n at th e m od1J1att>d a l an al fr om a 2 m tran amUtt'r l a only
poaalb lt' wit h v t' ~ pXpt' nal vt' oacU loacOpt' a th at ha vt' a bandwidth o f a t It' a at
150 MHl. For th l l rt' l aon. It 11 vp ry u l du l t o ha vt' a convt' rtt' r wh ich aUowl
the enve lo pe eu eve t o be o bat' rvt'd on an oectltceccpe with I ba ndwi dt h of It' _
vt' r al MHl , Su ch a n oleilloleopt' . II II u l e d fo r te lt' vl al on rt'pal ra , e tc II
m ar l' rpadll)' ava lla bl p , The circuit o f luc h a eenve rt e e la aho wn In !"flUre 15 .
It u ae a t he aa m e oad ll a to r circ uit a a wa a de ec rtbed In the prevteu e eec t ton,
wh ich In thl l c all' oac lll , t t>a appro llimat ply 2 t o 4 Mil l above o r below the 2 m
ba nd . The Ilifla l from the mod ulat ed tran amltt t>r a nd th e oadlla to r a re mt aed
In a no r m a l RF di ode. A low- pa . . ru te r com p rlaina C h 3, Ch 4 and C S la uaed
to eeteet th e dUtt'rential treq1Jpn c)' whi ch la th e n Ied to th e o l d Uo ac opt'. It can

-------
ee ae en that th . rr t'q uen ey atabU lt y of th t' oacillalo r II not o f a r t'a t importanet' .
.E h l~ ~ - - - - -;;1
r '" fr.:I iii 1 4. tlMlp
~. U b
"' T II- 24. V

II CI
'N 2218
J
R
l Ol IN 9"
I
I
I

III '" JI In,"",

I ~ II.to _,.
I CO,
I Rl
>0,
I,"
I
I c",
.," ,' FIe.1Ii : Conv.UIIf 10l" o~inlil
I........lIlopll 01VHF 1. . . .11 with
I ....... 1", ,'7n I TV lIIIfYioII OM:tUoecOJ*

L _ ___ __ ~H~ J
Howe ve r , p rll!r equl aUe o f a good Indi cation l a th at the con ve r-te r- II not ov er '
lc.ded. The DC vo ltaae meaeu r e d at t he ou tput aho ul d only be fr om th e oae Ui a lo r
a nd ahould n ot tn erea ae notl e lu bly on Injt'c tl na tht' II anal t o be exa m ined . The
permla albl e drive level c an . aa l on a aa rea la lo r R 5 l a no t cve rtoeded ( 1/4 to
1 /2 W J. be adJu at ed with re al at or R 4, Th t' va lut' o r 390 n la to r a tbt'd r e -
ala to r wbleh wa a trlt'd ou t for tht' Ie ctu re . The min im um valut' la Ipp rox imat t' ly
120 n a ln ee the diode r e q1J l r e a I n Imprt'a a ed cu r re nt vi i a I t' rlt'a r t' a lator,
At hl ihe r pe we ee, th e c oup1ln a to the I ranamitt~r mU lt be ioce e r . Ourln i the
le c tu r e a 60 n load r e al at o r wa l u ae d whcee att enu a ted out put ( 1 /50 at the Input
powe r I waa rpd to the ccn ve rt e s-,

8.2, I. SPECIAL COMPONENTS !o'OR THE CIRC UIT SHOWN IN F IG , 15

T4 : 2N2218 01 : I N 9 14
L 1: 220 - 31S nIl . c e ra m ic Indu ctan c e
Ch I , Ch 2: approx . 2 ,. H. fprrlt t' wtd eband c ho ke ( Delevan )
Ch 3, C h 4: 9 u . (prrlle wldpband cho ke ( Del e va n )

- 2 45 -
8.3. AUDIO GENE RAT O It
Flgu r t' 16 .how. a . Im plt' HC it' nt' ra lor whlC' h I ult. bl t' fo r p ro vtd lni th ..
ln u. old. 1 modul. Uo n r t' qulr..d ror th e e nvelope te et , Th.. we ve ro r m of tht' col-
le c to r volt.i" .hould bE- ch..ek..d befo r e operallon wit h th ...Id o r . n o.cUlo.coJ>"'.
Th.. (eedback r ...I.to r R 8 In th e e mitte r circu it .Ilow. Ihe m.ll.lmum .mplltudE'
10 be .dju.tt'd without lIml tl nl d (t'c t C.pacltor C 4 .upp r an)' tendency

.. ..,
10 Rio' o.cUl.tion. Wit h Ih.. exce ptton o ( t hl t h.. circuit do no t pr-o vide . ny
.pe ci.1 f e lItu 1'....

~
.
"
Cl
..
120 k "
2.h
11-
o.~ ~
.r.AF 0.........

~r
~l J Cl

.'I .In.. ll.lln

II '-!: Be 10'
"'.
co.: i:
rt: ) J;'Otfl/s l!l-'
,b D
Il" Sl ' "

.
". '" '""' ==-.!"
Rl
~"
12 k "OJ
Simpl. Mldoo......,01"
""
Fit- 18:
lor u perimentl
ClO1,~
~1 av ).-
o

8 .3 . 1. SE MICO NDUCTO RS ..'on T HE C IRCUIT G IVfo: N IN etc. 16

T~ : BC 108 . UC 183 or 2 N 2926
D 2 : SZ 14 . n zy 8~/D U or .!mllllr Zt-n .. r dlode for IIpproll. , 14 V.

9. REF Jo:R E NCES

(I ) E.O. Johnaon: P hy alc. l Llmltallona on "' N qutoncy a nd
P owe r P a re m tolto r a o ( Tranal.lora
RCA Tt'chnlc.l P r-eee nlatlon No. ST-28~2
(2 ) T . Jo:. Ylnl al , HCA Elt'C't ronlc Componen te , Lan c IIIIIe r-, I'a :
Hi gh P ow e r MIC'rowa vl' Tubt-.
Ifo:E E Spo;oclal Mlc row a vl' I'r...('n tallon , P a Pt' r M D.2 (1 9 69)
(3) RCA Silic on I'owt' r Circuit Ma nu.1
T ..c hnlc.l SE'rh.. S P-~ O or 51'-5 1
(4 ) Robe rt Min i on: Dt'.lgn Tradt'- O rf. fo r R'" T ran.l. to r I' e we r Am pIUl t' r .
RC A T ..c hnlca t P ubllc allo n No. 5T-32~0
I ~J P .. te r SchUr: R F Break do wn
RCA T t'chnlca l PublicaHon No . ST-3H7
(6) RCA T ran a m ltt lni Tub.... Tt'chnlca1 Storln TT 5
(7) II . J . Bran dt: Tranalato r e n In 5t'nde r e ndll tuftn
l" UNK5CIlA U, li e n 3/ 1969

2416 -
(8) App Uc at lon In (orm a tio n ot T RW Se m ic on d uc t o r a
(9 ) Har ry Koch: T r an a lat ora en de r m it 5 W tUr 40. 68 Mil l.
Ra d io Mentor. He tt 2 / 1989
(l 0}". MUnt el : E rtah ru naen m il Overlay-Tran a l ato re n
Daa DL - QT C . He n 5 / 1968
(II )0. R. Ca rley : T r an a l a tor Am pli fi e r!
T he Mic r ow a ve J o u rna l . J u ly 19 69
( 12)UKW _T r a na l a t o r l e nd e r mit Em IUe r atr om m od ul all o n
UKW -BER IC HT 9 (1 96 9 ). Hf'tt 2, S.111 -116
(1 3 )J . G. Tatum : EmU te r wl deratand a atablll lleMe II " - L e ll t unaa l r a nll a to r t' n
fo'u nkt e c tm lk. He tt 23. 1969

10 . E DITORI AL NOTE
A prac tica l con e t eu c t tcn at . Ir a n al a to r b e d Une ar a m pli fie r u aln. th e tran al at or
2 N 363 2 on a P C -board ( DC 8 Z X 002 ) .... m be de sc etbed 1n on e ot th e next
edition a ot VHF CO M MUNIC A T IONS .

AMERICA'S
Leading technical

journal for amateurs

TIll, monthly "U'lalin. 'IfI Ml whol. n_ I t.nd. ,d 101'

I t.ta-orth. art con'lrLKtion Ind Iec:hnicll Irt ie' . ht.nlh.
CO'l.... I . 01 VHf/UH F. Hm. FM. It Ind much , much morl .

1 Y r $6.00 (U.S.) 3 Y.... $12.00 (U.S.)

_0.,Of: w_ U" lno IlIJolGDOIl

Holl Y . ...010 Y AGAl I.. 1 l IIlILL " " ' _ IMKJP ....010 1OC1Tf OP'

....
~ " . H. OlO4I '--. 1
I'MOO UppIa v.u,.--.
~.
Dao.cMJa.""'I"
n OIlOT __
WCI" 2M, lnclI....

~ 10 lIICIa : I,... 54/-. .1,.... 100/-.

- 241 -
 F R EQ UEN C Y M ULTIPLIC AT ION WIT H HIGH S PU RIOU S
SIGNAL REJ ECTION
by O. E . Sc hmltn r . OJ 4 BG

Wit h t he e sc e puon ot , pfl'cl al c lre u it uc h aa va rac to r t rt plfl'n . ..t c cve r -

d r lvl!'" amplttlll' r . ta,l!" e qulppfl' d wi t h a tubll' o r t r an. t. to r a rll' mainly u ee d for
fre que nc y m ult1 pUc aUon. A a lnullOIdal inpu t . Ianal I. dl.tort..d dull' to th e c ve s--
loadln,. whic h m ean. that a h1eh harm onic c en te nt h p re een t . It la lh e n ne -
c II' ary for th ll' rt'qui r fl'd ha rm on ic t o be fUt t'rll'd out; aU ot ht' r ha rm on ic . an d
the Iun dam en t al wa ve r e p re se nt . pu r lo u Iinal . and mu et be . u pprt'. " ed . The
r ll' qu l r ...d tll t t'rln, can b... kept lo w when moet of th ll' unw ant ed apu r lo u ianal .
a r ... no t 'II'nll'ra tll'd in thll' tlrat pla ce,

Symmt'trical clrc u ltl offll'r dl.t inc t ad ya nt a ell' l . Such c irc u it. art' pu. h-pu ll e re -
c ult. fo r freq uII' ncy tr lpllni a nd th l!' pu l h pu . h c lrcu U. for fr l!'qu ll'ncy do u bllni .
T he pu lh -pull c i rcu it l upp rfl"'fl" a U even harm onlc l ( 2f, 4f. 6f, e tc , I. whe r e -
al th ll' pu l h , pulh circuit s upp r .....e. a ll od d h arm onic l a nd t he fun dam ll'nta l WI VII'
( I t. 3t .sf. etc . J.

In I p lte of th e clea r ad Yl ntl't'a, th e ee t wo e tre u ue a re III'Ido m uIII'd . T hll' r-ea s on

to r thl l mlY b.. thlt tw o trl n. l at o n I re r-e qulred Inltll'ad of one . Ac c o rd lni t o
01. a pu. h - j>U"h frequen cy doubl er ci rc ui t ca n be bu il t up l im ply an d ecc nc m t-
c l liy u lln, I n ln t e , ra lt"d ci rcu it CA 30 28 A . With th ll' e sce puon ot th e Inpu t a nd
ou t pu t ci rc u it a nd t....o by paal c a paclto rl. IU the r ll'qulr ll'd compone nt. Ire 11-
r . a dy pr-e vfded In the int t' ,ratll'd ci r c u it.

I. P USH -P USIt !"REQ Ul': NCY DOU BLE R WITH T HE C A 3028 A

!" IKUrll' I . ho .... . th l' c i rc uli o t I pu . hpu l h fr e qcen cy doubl e r e qu lp pe d with the
Int t'i ra t ed c i r c uit CA 3028 A . Thll' t r l na iat o r aya te ma T 2 a nd T 3 ope s-a te In
th e puah- puah m od e . 11' . , . th. input . id ... ia in puah-pu U and th e ou t put lide In
pua h-puah ( pa ra Ue l ). If bo th t ran al . t o ra a rfl' p royldt"d with II'nou gh bil , yo lt ' ill'
thl t th ey JUl t .Uow collecto r c u r-r-e nt to n ow ( ell" 8) . tn e output c i rcu it will
r ec et ve a cu r r t"nt pu la II' In bo t h th e po en t ve lin d n ll' iatl ylI' ha lfwl vlI' of th .. Input
vol ta lle . T he pu l lt" . orlginl t ll' a ltll'rna tll' ly trom th e fl rat a nd eeeond t r l n i l ito r.
Thl l m l!' l n l th at t he outp ut c i r c u it II Ied wit h I pu la e on two occallona du rlnl
I!'ach c yc le 10 th at twic e th", tre qu ...ncy r ll' . ult l .

' -11,. - ,.'...

- rJ .. ...
If

._- . ~ 'f.~
0"

-- .
~~ ""
," I
.. .
l;;u- -
jl
.I. ...
248
T he cor reet blu volta it' la adJultt'd by t r an i li t o r T 1 In a apt'dal etreun: It
I. a. tur. tt'd dut' to the f.c:t th.t ita emmer re stetor It 3 II aho r t-drcu ltt'd a nd
It a ba . t' rece tv c an Imp r-e a ae d c u rrent vi a r t' a bto r It l , T he ba sc -t'mlttt' r
diode o f t r an s l 'to r T I nprt"t'nl. , r eferenc e vo ltait' sour-ce .... hlc:h pro vl dt' .
t ...n. l alo ra T 2 and T 3 ....ith a bla. vol ta it' th a t Is wtll te mpe ...ture c:omJWnaa tt'd.
Slnc:t'tht' mlttt'ra of the two f r e qut'nc:y dou blt' r tran al l t ors a rt' bl a . t' d sl ml.llla -
nt'ou sly by the rll". ldu a l 'IoU. it" of T I , lowe r c:ollt'c: tor cu r r-ent w Ul be ad-
Juatt' d than would be pr-e ee nt wUh It I elcne , The rt"ault I. vi rtua ll y c:1.aa B
c pe r au on a. la n l'c:t' a. ary for th t' pl. nn t'd appltcattcn .

So mt' ca rt' muat Iw paid to the Input etrcutt : A tuned puah- pull rt'aon. nt cj rcvtt
w it h . cou pllni wl ndini or w ld e ba nd tr.n , fo rm e r can be uaed. The teuer
offe r l ' i ood. ' Ia blt' ba lanc e , l,'aped.Uy cve r loni pe rtod e of um e , If the tw o
hal vE' a o f th t' aecondary wl ndlni e re m a de In a bUIl .r ma nne r , e.i. by w llld in e
t wo wtre In pa ra llel on I fe rrl tt' rod or t o r oid co re and COlUlt'Ctina th .. m In
se rte T h e primary wl ndlni c.n be wound a t th e .. me t tm e In th e te em of a
th i rd wire. T he s.mt' w llld in i prindple la uIl'd In ring m b t' r a.

2. C IIA RACTEIUST ICS

T he c:lrc:ult elv.. n In F'llfUr ... I o nly r e qu lre l a low dri ve a nd l a vt' ry II nt'a r . In
thl' orlgin.1 p'pl' r (1 )'11 WI ' ult'd 10 dou ble a fr e quenc:y of 100 Mil l. t o 200 Mlh .
T he d rive level Is app rox ima te ly I mW , from wh lc: h .n OUlput pawt' r or 3, I m W
Is o btain.. d with a ve ry low harm on ic: content , Wh l'n o nto adda e e ,,'IE'c:t1vlty o f
tht' output cr rcutt, th e sll pp",'.lon or all un wa nt t' d ha rm on ic s an d t he flJnd.me n -
lal wave w ill b.. b.. twe .. n 4 ~ d B a nd mo r .. Ih.n ~O d B with r-espec t to the l e vel
o f Ih t requl n'd oUlpu l frt' qu.. ncy. 11 Is tru e Iha l hlgh t' r o ut put power l evels
( a pp r ox . 30 mW) arl' obtalnl' d I I hliher d ri ve le vel s ( u p to 10 m W I. how ever.
thl' dl"ortlon will Inc r e ..... and t he h.rm on lc: conte nt will Inc:",. a p t o I pp rOll.
10'.'. Since the CA 3028 A Is not re a ll y dt'.lg nrd fo r . uc:h h leh rrE'qt.l E'ncl t' fa r
brltOl'r re auUs Irl' to bt- expec ted . 1 low e r- frE'qulI"nc:lea : Ih gh pr ou t pu t po we r-e
w ith tcwe r d r lv t, levd. t o,w th .. r with low harm on ic cont en t, ThE' ex pe r un e nt e
m .de up till now by t hl' au t hor c:on rt rm th l a. Due t o th e Int l'. r a te d c o net rv cncn,
Ih e rre q uenc:y doub!.. r circuit I. nol .trec:ted g rl"Uy by tem pe r etu re whi ch m e an l
t hat the s uppr\'II.10n valul'S art' maln tllll..d over a Vl'ry w lde t empe r e wre ranit' o

3. ornen IN T EGItA TEU C IRCU ITS THA T CAN HE US fW

8t'.ldt'1I t hO' CA 3028 A, any othe r- In te ....t e d drc:u Ua w ith t he sa me tran. lator
contilfUraUon ('an Iw UIIl'd. Inl e e r at l'd drc:u lt typee CA 3026 a nd CA 30~ 4 pout'u
t ....o auc:h at. Ie unforlun.t.. ly ....it hout r(',JlItors . 10 th aI a r (' al stor o f a pproll.
<1 . 7 kfl mUllt lll' p rovld.. d externally to rt' place It I. Thl " m ('a n a that It Is po , .
sibil' t o bu Ud u p two frt>qut'nc:y do ubl.r " t'i'" ualng a I lnglr Int .. g r a t t'd d rc:ul t .
Ila n Integ r.tt'd dl"1:ult III u,..d whoa.. tran.l" tor. exhi bit" hl ih trlnalt fr e qt.len-
cy. It Is posslbl. to fnqu .. nc:y doubl. up t o h igh e r outpu l fre qt.l...nd I' s. An e x-
am pl\' of thla Is th e CA 3049 whic h I" also provld..d wit h tw o com plete tr. n s -
Is tor Iy. te ms In t hl' d.. ac rHlI'd fo r m so th a t it i. poa.lblt' to doubl .... for In -
. tanct', from ) 08 t o 2 16 Mill. a nd furt ht' r from 216 to 432 Mlh. Si nce th r in -
dividual tran. l sto ra o f thl' C A 30 49 ar. al.t.d to ha v. a tran a lt frI'qt.lency o f
typ lc:a l 1300 Mil t, It I hould Iw poulblE' for aevenl m Uliw att to be el'nt" ra ted
In th l' 24 cm band . wh ic h wou ld be . uffldf' nt fo r t hl' Io<:a l oldllato r s ig nal In
a r l'c:t'i v.. r .

- 249 -
Th e inleg ra led c:ircu Ua p r-e vtouety m enucned, e . g . CA 30 26 , CA 3 02 8 A ,
CA 3 0<19 a nd C A 3054 a re m anufa c t ured by RCA. Ot her manuCac lurt.'r a p rodu c e
ai mlla r Inte g ra ted c i rc uit. t ha i a r e al.o l u ll llbl e , e,g. LM 311 of National
S.. mi conducto r oC Mt' C 8 03 0 oC Mot oro la.

4. GA IN C ONT ROL at' -ms t' Hf,; Q Uf,;NCY DO UB L EH STAGE

If a l ow e r vo lt age I. con nec t e d t o potnt 7 o f the C A 3028 A . tr~nlli at or T I w ill
r pcl'i v e Il' a . ba ee c u r-t-.. nt and wil l be brought m e r-e and mor e ou t o f th e eer u -
ration ran ge . Thl . wll l mean th a t th e c o ll ec to r - e mi tt e r pat h o C th l . t r an. b t or
will ha ve a high pr r-e ers te n ce a nd reprl' aent a an Inc rea aln gly g r-ea t e- r- fl' l'd ba c k
for the doubler tran alat ora T 2 a nd T 3. It I. poaaibl p In th l . man ner t o c o n l rol ,
or mod ulat e th e o u t pu t power of th e c:i r c u lt .

Th l . m ea n. th at c l rc u ltll c a n be built u p by wh ic h t he nuctuall on a oC me o utput

le v,,"l , wh ich a r e vIrtu ally Inavoir:la ble when tun in g ov e r a ce r tai n Crl' qu l' nc y
ran g e, can be com pe ns a t ed , Th .. cn en -cuee r vec ph enomt" na wh e r-e a high dt"g re e
o f o verd rive I. t o ter-ated a t the ce n t r e o f th e band in o r de r t o o bta in eu rn crent
dri ve a t t he band Umi t i l a ba d ha bit wh ic h I. th en no longer- lltate _oC_th e_ art ,
Since tht" o Vl'rd ri v l' at tht" band c ent re I . avoided In th e con t r o lle d at a t e , Ihl .
r e llull ll in far Ie harm onic an d . pu r io u ll radi ati o n.

5, Hf,;t'E RENCES
O J C arl Andrl"n: Low- c o a t 10 0- to 200 Mill Doubler ha. 5 dB Gain . I ~ Di a t o rt.
Elecr eo n! e Dl' llign No , 18 , I Se p 1970. P a g e 8 4

VHF- UHF MANUAL

A handbook for the VHF amateur publ1shed
by the Radlo Society of Great Brita in

uhfuhf . ...._ ,........ . Circ uits and technolo gy cover ing (rom

i _-_._- I
...

basic prtnctplee to compl1cated mic row ave
equIp ment
Excetlent r eference book for the VHF
begin ner and experienced amate ur
241pages with detaHed c lr cu ltdesc riptlons
and assembly instruction s
Both Eur opean and Americ an Tube and
Semi conducto r types are used
Extens ive P r opagati on and Antenna Infor -
mation
7 Price DM 15. 20 or nationa l eq uivale nt
. j- (incl uding postage)
,/ . /
Available fr om;
! c UKW -BER ICHTE. H.J . Dohlus OHG. DJ 3Q C
D-8520 ERLANGEN - G1e lwltz er s traeee 45
(Wes te r n Ger many)
or National Rep r e sentatives
Deutsche Bank Erlangen, Konto 476 325
Post sc heckkonto Nuernberg 30455
MATERIA L P R IC E L I ST FO R K I TS AND CO MPO N ENTS
EF FE CTIVE FROM J an uary hl, 1912
FOR EQUIPM ENT DESCRIBED IN VOLUME 3 (1971) OF VHF COMMUNICAT IONS

CR YST AI..S and CR YSTAL FILTERS lor equlpm t'nt In VHF COMMUNICATIONS.
Available ell lloc k. Onl y bl P t'lt gllallty crYI W, I n off. n d.
Cr yltal nner XF- 9A (for SSB) with both I Idt' band c r yl ta l. OM 106
Cr y. tal rmer XF -SB (for SSB) with both II dt' band c r yltall OM 131. -
Cr Yltai IUtt'r XF 9C (lo r AM j 3. 15 kHz) OM 131. - -
Cr y. taI IUtu XF 1l0 (lo r AM; 5.00 kHZ) OM 131. - -
Cr y.tal flltu XF - IllE (lo r PM ; 12. 00 kHZ) OM 131. - -
Cry.taI lIltu XF IlM (lor CW; 0. 50 kHZ) with n rr lt' r uy. laI OM l oe. - _
Cr'lta l dl l crlm lnator XD-09 -03 m at cbl Tl( XF - 9E . . . . OM 78. --

Cryl tal 1l6.oooo MHI (HC-6/ OJ for 10 e m conver ter s (OL9 GU, OL 9J U) OM 21.50
Cr yltal 96 . OO MHI (HC-25/OJ for 70 em conn r t. n (OL 9 G U. DL9JV) OM 28
Cryltal 95. 8333 MHI (HC-25 / OJ for 70 em convr r tr n (DC6 HY) OM 28.
Cr Yltai 84.5333 MHz (HC- 6/ OJ for 24 em co nvt' rten (OL 3 WR) . OM 21. 50
Cr yltal 65. 5000 MHI (HC-ll/ V) fo r 2 m co nvnlen (OL ll n A) DM 111. 50
Cr'ltai 11 5 . OO MHz (HC-6/ OJ fo r 2 m co nvt'rlen (OL ll ",,) OM 111. 50
Crr. taI 411. 3333 MHz (HC- 25/ U) lor phalt'-Iocked olc lll ato r ) t OM 49
Cry. tal 411. oo MHz (HC- 25/ OJ (OJ 1 ZV / OJ 9 ZR) ) . t'
Cr y. tal 45.4180 MHz (HC-25 / OJ lo r VXO (OJ 9 ZR) . . . OM 24. 50
Cr y. laI U . oo MHz (HC -6/ OJ lo r 70 MHz conve r te n (G 3 J HM) . OM 15.110
Cr,.laI 38.116111 MHz (HC- ll/OJ lor 2 m ecnvertere (DL llSW. OLll HA) OM 13.70
Cr y.tal 27.8000 MHI (HC-25 / OJ lor 24 MHz I yn!hu ll VFOa(DL3 WR 007 ) OM 25

STANDARD FREQUEN C Y CRYSTAI..S

5. oo MHI (HC.ll/OJ lor ca li br at ion . pt>e tru m it'nt'rator . (OC 6 HY) OM 25.- -
r. oooo MHI (HC- 6/ OJ lor c ali br at ion apectru m it' neratofl ( OJ 4BG .DC6 HY)DM 20. 50
100 kHz (HC 13/ Ul forcall brat lon l pt>e tru m it'ne raton (OC II HY) OM 28.

Cr Yltab 12 MHI (HC- ll/m for 2 m eu-e tr an lmlUt'fI (OJ I NO.

DL 3 WR). PIt'aH l ta tt' r t>qu lrt'd fr eq Ut'nc, on o rdt' r ITl(.
(Dt'UYe r')' 4 to II wt't' u ). . . . . . . . . DM 21.50
HC 25/U c ry. tal. allO aullablt' t'lt .lock.
Plt'' 't' ' f't' lilt with OC 9 M D lOt (With holdt'r) OM 33. -
Cry. ta ll otht' r fr t'Quen cl e l ",alla blt' (Ph!..t' . tate fr equency and type )
(Dt'lIv. ry 6 10 8 "".t'IlI)

TRAN S CE IVER S

DC 9 MO 00 1 TWO METRE WALKY-TALKY Ed. 2/71

PC-boar d DC 9 MO 00 1 (With prlnted pla n) . OM 10 -
S. m lco nduclo fl DC 9 MO 00 1 (12 tranl l. tofl. 4 dlodt>. ) . OM 61.30
Mlnlklt DC 9 MO 00 1 (6 co illo r mtr 4 IF tranl form t' rI.
3 c bokt'l) OM 16.40
Mln lkll :I DC 9 MO 00 1 (lrlmmu cap . let and 51 flJ;t'<! clplclton) OM 32.20
Mln lkll 3 OC 9 MO 00 1 (5 jcte nucme te re, 40 car bon r t'.ll ton ). . OM 23.50

-
'"
DC' '1 0 00 1 TWO METR E WALKY.TALKY (to t.. COftUnlM'd)
Mlnlklt 4 DC I loC O 00 1 (u n , 4 .Udlnl ,wltcbu , 2 mltl la tu",
Jack plllI' and IOC:b Ul, 1 COU. lOCb t.
S aule~, 1 batt.,.,
COM.ctor ). OM SO.--
Mlnlklt S DC' MO 00 1 (microphone a nd ear ee t) . . OM 32. &0
72, . . . (HC- 25/ U) wlUl boldirr . . OIoC " -
0.11....' approll. 4 . . . ka. Pi. . . . .ta te ..act frtq.-ne, .
A fe w .tandard fnq_ w. (11:1 1oC HJ:) are a.aUabI. ell .tock:
12. 025 / n .oso / n .m / 12. 100 / 71. 125 /11. 150
71. 17S / 71. ZOO / 71. 225 / 71. 250 / 71. m / 11.100
n . S25 / 71.:SS0 / 71. sn / T1. 400 / 11. 425 / 11. 4S0
n. 41S / T1. SOO / 1Z. S1$
OrU I t for PC- boardl 0. 7 mm and 1. 0 m m dl am et. r OM 8.
DC I MO OO I/ Kit I COmp le t. kit wlUl a U componenta a nd dr ill .
but withou t ery.tal- . OM 118
DC' MO OOl/ Kit 2 Co mpl. w k1l with alJ compolllnt.. two c!rUl.
a nd 0,... c r,.tal - . . . . . OM 230.- -
DC I MO OO I/ Kit S Complete kit wlUl all co mponlnUl, two drtll.
and two c rr.tal. - . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . OM 280.--

T RAN SV E R T E R S

O L8 MHOOI 144/ 431 WHI T'RANSVER T R 4. y TI

PC-.....
Mlnlklt
OL 8 MH OO I
OL 8 MH 00 1
(wiUl prtnt~ plu) .............
(I tran. lItor, 2 dlode a, I flrrl... t.. ad l
OW
OW
11. - -
14.70
Tr lm m,r
Cry.tal
OL 8 MH OO I
".000 MHIl,
............................
HC 25/ U ............. OW
OW
21-
28
xn OL I MH 00 1 with abo '" co mponentl .. . ... . .... OW 73.--

OJ' ZZ 00 2 TRANSMIT CONVERT ER 28/ 432 WH. Ed. !lTI

PC-.....
Mlnlktt
OJ 8 ZZ
OJ 8 ZZ
00 2
00 2
(doubt , coated)
(eo U and trlm m,r N t)
.......... ...
........... OW
OW
18. SO
7. --
Sern lCOfldlM: to r . OJ 8 ZZ 00 2 (I trane Ui to n l .. . . ......... OW 34.S0
Cr,.tal IT . S" (HC- 8/ U! ..... ........ OM I I . --
KII OJ I ZZ 00 2 wlUl al l abo., compone nta OM ?e.- -

TRA NS M ITTE R S . VFO . a nd O S C ILL A TO RS

OL 8 ZX 00 1 70 cm TRANSMITTER with VXO Ed. I{ 71

VX O
PC bo. r d OL I ZX 00 1 (w ltb printed plan) . .. .. . OM 4
Mlnlklt OL 8 ZX OO I/ VXO c0 1ll0r me r .... . .cr....nl"i une . OM S. - -
Se m leonducton
KII
OL
OL
I
8
Z X OO l/ VXO 2 tra u l, ton OM
ZX OOl/ VXO with above com ponenta OM '"'.
14. 80

252
O L 8 Z X 001 70 e m T RANSMITT ER with VXO (tv be conti nued )
TRAN SMI T T ER
Mlnlklt OL 8 ZX OO I/ TX 2 tube .ockl't co lUor m e r eet,
c hoke let, fe r rite bead. , tr imm e r . e t OM 21. 90
Se m lco nduc tvn OL 8 ZX OO I/ T X 6 tr an . l.tora , 4 d lod ea OM 34.20
EC 8010 , , , , . OM 25.--
""""
""""
KIt
EC
OL
8020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 ZX oor/ r x with above components
OM 29. __
OM 110.10

OJ & HD/OJ 7 JX SYNTH ESIS vro lor 144 MHz o r 138 MHz Ed. 11 71
OJ 5 HD 00 1 VFO and bufler
PC -board OJ 5 HD 00 1 (with pr-tnt ed pl an) OM " . 50
MlnlkU OJ 5 flO 00 1 (Alr.pa ced tr immer,
ce r am ic .lIve r co li) OM 19. 80
Se m lconducto n
Variable capacito r
OJ 5 HO 00 1 (2 Iran . l. tor. )
57 pF (2" II: 3 2 II: 26. 5 m m )


OM ".--
OM n .50
Kit OJ 5 HO 001 with abov e It. ted ec mpcnents OM 41. 80

OJ 5 HD 002 CRYSTAL QiCIL U TOR, MIXER,

AMP LIFIER, VOLTAGE STABILIZE R Ed. 1/7 1
PC- board OJ 5 HO 002 (wltb pr inted plan ) . . . . OM 9. - -
Mlnlklt OJ 5 HO 002 (collfo rm e ra, trlmm e n and chok ea) OM II. 50
Se m lconductvn OJ 5 HO 002 (7 tr an . l. to ra, 1 d iode ) OM 31. 40
Cr y. tal 66.500 MHz (HC-6/U) lor 1<105 MHz VFO OM 18. - -
KlI OJ 5 HO 002/ 1<105 with a bove co mpo nl' ntl OM 89.90
Cry.tal 62. 000 MHz (HC- 6/ U) lor 136 MHz VFO OM 18.
KII OJ 5 HD 002/ 136 with above co mpo ne nt. OM 89. 90

DL Q FX 002 BANDSCANNE R WITH STO P DEVICE Ed.l/7l

PC- board O L Q FX 002 (with printed plan) . . OM 6 .
Mlnlklt O L 9 FX 002 (co lUor m e r a nd trim mer le t at well
I I l e m lconductv ra) . . . . . . . . . . . OM 37.15
KII DL 9 FX 002 wllh above li l ted componl'ntl OM 43. 15

MEA S UR IN G , A U XI L IARY E Q U IP MENT

OJ" BC 00" CAL IBRAT ION- SP ECT RUM OE NE RATOR Ed. 4/ 71

PC -board OJ 4 SO 004 (doubll' coa tPd / thro ugh contac t. ) OM 39. --
Mlnlklt OJ " BO 004 (tr lm m l'r , c ry. W notder , conne ctor) . .. OM 10. 90
Sl'm lco nduc to ra OJ 4 BO 004 (8 IC' I . I d iode ) . OM 58. 90
Sta nda r d fr eque nc y c r y. tal I. 000. 000 MHz (He - 6/U) . . . . .. . . OM 20.50
Kit OJ 4 BO 00" with a U above compo nee te OM 129. 30

OJ " BO 008 SP EEC H PROCESSOR Ed. 1/ 71

PC-board OJ " BO ooe (with pr int ed pl a n) . . . .. . . OM 7 _
Se m ico nduc tor OJ 4 BG ootI (1 IC. 2 tr alll ii tor l ) . . . OM 17. 80
Kit OJ " 00 ootI with abo ve H.IPd compone nt. OM 24.80
Co nne ctvn Sle me ni (13 pole) for PC -board OJ 4 BG 008 . . let OM 7.40

2 53 -
DK 2 vr 00 1 +002 8TRIP LINE REf LECTOMETERS Ed. ;'1 1
PC board DK 2 Vf 00 1 (doubll'-coa ~) lo r 144 MHz OM 11. _.
pc-board DK2Vf 00 2 (do ub le-coa~) lor 432 MHz OM 1 . - .
DL e MH 00 2 ST RIP LlNE BANDPASS fi LT ER for 10 cm Ed. 4/ 11
PC board
TJ'1mml'r ' l' t
DL e MH 00 2
DL e MH00 2
... ................ .........
.. ... . .. . ... . . . .. . .. .... . . . .
OM 5
OM e.
Kit DL e MH 00 2 .............. .............. OM 11

D L S WH ooe INT EGRAT ED AUDIO AMPL lflE R

with the PA 231 Ed. 2/11
PC -board DL 3 WR ooe (with pr-tnee d pla n) DM 4 -
Sl'm lcond\lctou DL 3 WR ooe (I ' A 231) . . . . . . OM 16. 10
Tra n. lo r ml'r Kll DL 3 WR 003/8 (wll h 11\lt'd EI core ). . . . . . . . . . . . OM 1. 50
Kit DL 3 WR 006 with all above compolll' nt. OM 28.20

DL3 YK002 UN NERSA L POWER SUPPL Y with

lNT EGRATED ST ABILIZ ER Ed. 2!1 1
PC-board OL 3 YK 002 (wit h pr lntN plan) . . . . . . . . . . . OM 8. _.
S.m lconductou OL 3 YK 002 (2 t ra rwl. to u /IC; LM 305 o r SG 305,
1 diode. 1 brdlll:e recune e, re rene bl"adl) OM li8. 10
I kOhm Pole-nUom ec.r 10 t\lrn he-II -pot . . . . . . OM II
Kit OL 3 YK 002 with above componen ts OM 15. 10

OJ 6 Z Z 003 FOUR-DIGIT FREqUENCY COUN T ER Ed. 3/11

PC- boud OJ 6 ZZ 003 (doubll'-ooa tlPd, throug h contact. ) OM 48.
Sl'm lco nductou OJ e ZZ 003 (22 IC. , 5 t un.l.tou. 3 dlodl'l) OM 111 1. - -
Sta ndar d Cr y.tal 1. 000 000 MHI. (HC-e/ U with holde-r) OM 23.20
Cap acltou 14 Cl'r amk bypu. capaclton (22 nf). I trimmer OM 1. 80
NllIle t.w.. 4 type GNe OM 10.--
Kit 1 OJ e ZZ 003 with above- componl'nt . OM 340
Mln lklt OJ e ZZ 00 3 (5 14-011'; 2 16 OIP IOCketi l OM 24. eo
Kit 2 OJ e ZZ OOS with abovl' co mpone nt s and 1 IC .ackl't. OM 3e4.
Re. dy- to -opfrat l' on r equl'It

DL 8 nt 00 1 WIDEBANO PREAMPL IfiER FOR

FREQUEN CY COUNTERS Ed . 3/11
PC -board OL 8 TM 00 1 (with pr lntt' d pla n) OM 4. - -
Mln lkU OL 8 TM 00 1 (4 lran.l. tou . 2 Sc hottk y -d lod...
1 ce r am ic dl. c cap.c lto r) OM 40. ec
10' OL 8 1')1 00 1 with above compone ntl OM 43. -

OTHE R EQ UIP MENT

HD II CV Anlenna lo r 145 MHz. chro me pla ted, dt-tac hable

lncludlna: po.t and pack lllI ('\lrfaCl' mall) OM 40.
Tube EC 8020 lor 10 e m tr.n.mltten OK 1 PN. DC e HY OM 211.
UHf habe lOCket m ad. of . lIlcon I la.. fibre (or I C 802'0 OM 2. eo

254 -
 a3 c:m INTERD IOlTAL FILTER
ReadJto-opeo rate wi th BNC c:onMC:tou OM U . 30
wllbo ul ronnecto r. . . . . . OM 70. 20
[)PUn rJ appro.. 0 to 8 _ru

COMP LETE LY READYTo-OPERATE EQUIPMENT

DC 0 HY 001 70 -c:m r " 'I" . eonverte r . Ed.4/70 OM 1711. 00
DC 0 HY 002 70 c:m lJ'an.mlt c:onn rte r !d.4/70 OM 1411. 50
DC 0 HY 70 c: m Un.-r am pll fl. r wllb EC 8020 Ed.4/70 OM 142. 40

DC " D 001
I 111ft... MtNI TAU Y

v ..cpxUt 1I'Ul_I... r for
_Uebabl. AM - ' " 001 two

~ ....
_Ilcbabl. 1....._U fr. -

IlK.I.... CUI "'" ~ _ .

eN bud "'ell VPQ_trol.

)Mal for ~IU.. por1atU

OP"..IIOII IUId for lIOc&l _
tach.. a1lt1ovctl _tacla
luIy. _ a ............. dla
laDe" lIP tol JOG km .

CUI bit ..-.d for dl ...,1

coln..."" lcaUoa.o. "Ia
~ a l. ", I
Idoo al for bu.l..... ...s ne
at..... Itlptl.

ICltu .Uabl. com pl.ta _ lUI

aUcompol>Hltl IJlCI....I"I all

. .al . . . . ~IID." ea-
luootIa I'tc . 1M ".l.rlal LItlC
fo, _ .. .-utla.
DC 9M~

VHF COMMUNICATIONS
A PUBLICATION FOR THE RADIO AMATEUR
ESPECIALLY COVERING VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVES

VERLAG UKW BERICHTE. HANS J .OOHLUS oHO. DJ3QC, 0 8520 ERLANOEN

GI.lwltzer Str 45 Trl.fon (QUI31) 33323 1133 88
Kontl!'n: Po.lac:hfc:klwnto 1OUrnbf'rc . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 455
[)PlllaC:N B.nk Er l.ngen .70 3 ~

255 -
 PLASTI C BINDERS FOR VHF COMMUNICAT IONS

Attractive pl astic covered In VHF bl ue

Accepts up to 12 editions (three volumes )
All ows any r equired copy to be found easl1y
Keep s the XYL happy and co nte nted
Will be se nt anywhe r e In the world for OM 5.50
Including s ur face man .

Order your binde r Via the national r epre sentattve

or direc t fr om the publlshera of
VHF COMMUNICATIONS:
V E R L A G UKW BER I CHTE. H.J. Dohl ulI oHG
0 -8520 ERLAN GEN (West Ger ma ny)
Account: De utsche Bank Erlangen 476 325

PRICE REDUCTION r
DUl to the popular ity of the DJ 6 ZZ 003 frequency counter we have been
able to r educe the price of the pr inted ci rcui t board and ktt to DM 48. - -
and DM 340. -- respe ctivel y.
Now III your chance of buUdlni a comple tely fool-p roof 30 MHz counter for
an extremely favourable price. DOuble coa ted PC-board wUh througb contacts,
no dr Uling or br idges neces illry. Firat counter IC se lec ted for a minimum
of 30 MHz .
2!UI -
-~iliii -----k
In penelve VHF .m odulet. manufactured by th e STE-company of Milan. who
are wetl- known in prof. n ional tel ecommunication clrelee.
European components, European manufacture. Flr.tel commercial con -
, truction and quality. Available from the publisher. of VHF COMMUNI.
CATIO NS or the manufact urers. Please request further information 'rom
Verl ag UKW.BE RIC HTE, H. Doh l.... oHG. 0 852 Erlangen, Glelwltzer Sir, 45.
MOSFET 10 metre receiver AR 10: OM 208,45
Avall,bl. for 28-30 MHz II IF etrlp fOf' 2," con"'I""., Of for 26-28 MHz lor recapUon of
th, elll:l" ban d or for v WItt! th, 26-28 Vlrllon 01 th, AC 2 converter belOW. High ..nltll .
vlty Inlur '.Cln,nt ,hortwl"'l recaption. The good l.rge- gnal beh....lour mak It lullabl,
for UN In IF IIri p lor converte,... Double IUj:M!met with cryetal conlrolled ..cond corwe,..lon.
7'ltage HCOnd IF of . 55 kHz, BUilt-In SSB end CW demoduillor. ConnectlOnl fOf' Smeter,
nol.. hmlter /.,qu-elctl, Prapllred for Inltallatlon 01 I pIllo-carlmlC or mechanical liitar . A
dllC rlmlnator modu le II IVlliable eo thai Iha receiver un be IWlld'led 10 AM, FM, CW or
S SB, A metchlng AF-module AA I 111110 Ival labla ,
SpeclflCl tio na:
Inpul Impe dance : 50 Ohm
Se nallivlty: 11lVlor 10 dB S IN
Selac llvlty: . ,5 kHz (-6 dB) 12 kHz (.......0 dB)
Imaga and l purlOUI
l uppr. ..lon: 5Od.
Operatin g volta ge : I I-I S V /l5--22 mA
Olmanllonl : 200 mmx 83 mmx 32 mm
FET 2 metr e converter AC 2: OM 130.68
The mltchlng convarter to recllver AA 10. Neutrl llzed FET Input Itagel, pulh-pull FET mi..er .
Cryltal 38 ,6667 MHz (HC-2S/ U),
SpeclflCldonl:
Input frequancy : 144-146 MHz NOlae lector, 1,8dB
OUlput Irequen cy : 28-30 o r 26-28 Imlge l uppre"lon, > 70 dB
Ga in: 22dB 2 dB Oper at ing vollage : 12-15 VI I 5--20 mA
Inpul freq ue ncy : 50 Ohm OlmenliOnl: 120mm .. 50 mm x 2S mm
Tr ansistor t ransmi tter AT 21 0: OM 152,90
4-atage cryltal-controlled transmitter Wllh mod ullhng !rlnllormer and anlenna reIly, [speclilly
IUltable for portable Ind moblla operaUon from 12 V. eryalall In 72 MHz rl nge (HC2S / U).
Connection IVlllable for e 24 MHz VFO.
Spec lflCltklne:
Freq uancy ra nge : 1404-1"6 MHz OperatIng voll~e : 12 V /40Q rnA (miX, IS W)
Output powar Dlmen l lon l : I SOmm X 48mm x 32 mm
(unmodula!ed carrier) , 22 W II 12 W

M odulator and A F-ampl if ier AA 3: OM 82,50

. -I lage modu lato r and aud iO amp lifier malch lng the tranl miller AT 210 or reca lve r AR 10, Bulll ln
ra lay awltch.. Ihe modu lator 10 Ihal it ca n be ueed I I audiO out pul for the rec e iver. Output
power more tha n aufftClen t for mobile operallon ,
Spec lflcl Uona:
Oulpul powar, 2.8 W II 12 W
Oulput Impeda~ : 3 Ohm
SenlltlVlty: 2 mV for 2,8 W
frequency r" pon.., 300-3000 Hz (-3 dB)
Oillortlon : < 2 % II 2,8 WIl OOO Hz
Olmenllonl: 1SO mm x 46 mm x 32 mm
Tha lbove mantl oned module l C:ln be comb ined 10 lorm I com pleta IWomatra trlnaca lver .
Th')' Ira I Vl llable ax atock In Ertl nga n.
 CRYSTal FILTERS FILTER CRYSTALS OSCILUTOR CRYSTRLS
SYNONYMOUS for QUALITY and ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
'RECISION QUAin CRYSTALS. ULTRASONIC CRYSTALS.
'IUOELECTRIC 'RESSURE TRANSDUCERS

Lillie d II OUf wellknown aeriel 0 1

9 MHz crystal filters

for SSB, AM, FM
and CW applications.

In order to IlmpUfy matching . the

Input lind output of the flIt er. com -
pr', ,, tuned differenUal 1,.".lor
mer. wit h galvanic connect ion 10
the Cllling.

FIIt.r Type xs.se XF-9C XF_9D XF.9E XF-9M

Appl lca uon sse - . 558 AM AM fM CW

N umber of Filter Cry lltl l,

Tran.mll.
5 , , 8 ,
elndwldth (adS down) 2 5 kHl 24 kHz 3.75 kHz 50 kHz 12.0 kHz O,S kHz
P...b,nd Ripp le < 1 dB < 2 .dB < 2 dB < 2 dB < 2 ae < , dB
In, . rt lon l o.. < a dB < 35 dB < 3 5 dB < 3S dB < a dB < 5 dB
Z,
InputOutpu t
f l nnlnll ion C, """
>l ,f """
>l ,f >l ,f """>l ,f """
>l"
1200 "
>l ,f """
.' (6 50dB) 1 7 (6 60dBJ U (6;60dB)l8 (B60 dB)l . (U OdB) 1. (6.ldB)25
Shape fletar , {680dB)2.2 (6 80dB) 2 2 (6 80dB) 2. (SIlO dB) 2. (8;60dB) 4 ..
Ul tlmllli A tt l nu. l llion > ~ dB > 100 dB > 100 dB > 100 dB > 90 dB > 90 dB

:1 I,
I ~, .
KRISTALLVERARBEITUNG NECKARBISCHDFSHEIMGMBH
o 11824 N.-d<.rbIKtlaf.hm . Pa,tfKt\ 7