Introduction

Conceptual Framework

We experienced a lot of disaster in our life and one of the way we overcome and
survive it was staying inside of our house. These structures evolve in many different
ways to cope with the disaster occurring in the place producing some disaster proof
house that can help and enhance the percentage of survival if a disaster takes place.
This study claim that the structure and materials used in a house affects the disaster
readiness of it, if a good and strong materials are used in building a house it will
increase its capacity to cope with the incoming disasters in the future that will help a lot
of people specially in the areas that are prone to disasters. Things changes same as the
styles and structures of houses one example of this is putting some steel and plastic
sliders underneath the house that helps to reduce the damage of an earthquake or
putting some really sturdy beam and column that can withstand the intense shaking of
the ground. Earthquake,typhoon, storm surges, and volcanic eruption can destroy many
buildings and properties. However, with proper design and construction of the house we
can minimize or reduce the damage to the buildings and in the life of the people
increasing their chance of survival.

Project Paradigm

A scientific paradigm, in the most basic sense of word is the framework

containing all of the commonly accepted views about the subject, a structure of what
direction research should take and how it should be performed. Building house is
getting more and more expensive, year on year. This means that finding an affordable
and secure home is a struggle for an increasing number of households. A paradigm is
deeply held and you may not always be aware of it.

We must know if the area is safe, to know what are the materials will be used on
their house. A house is a building that functions as a home for humans ranging from
simple dwellings such as fixed structures of wood, brick, or other materials containing

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plumbing, ventilation and electrical systems. Analyzing and understand the things to be
considered and importance of each.

As what the researchers noticed. There are a lot of aspects to be considered on

building a house from the materials to be used, from the location, from the design and
everything. We should not just build house as easy as possible, because our house will
be the place where we stay, it must be secured from any disastrous phenomena
brought by nature in order for us to live longer and remain stronger.

Project Hypothesis

As we outgrowth of creating a house that sustains any disaster we descry,

people tend to leave their house due to unsafe feeling or being worried in case of any
disastrous hazards may occur that they will be needing to evacuate for their safety. And
nowadays we are facing a lot of hazards and because of that many people are
renovating and checking their houses if it has any damages or if it is strong enough to
bear such hazards that may happen. Houses must have the strongest foundation to
make the people safe. The capabilities of a disaster proof can bring us safety.

Now we know that many houses are not really strong enough to maintain such
hazards and as we've conducted our study, the American style house is really an in
demand way to build a house for a stronger foundation it may give. In addition to that
according to the studies, having a disaster proof house has big advantages when it
comes to safety of houses in any hazards.

And also according to good practices, concrete homes can be among the safest
and most durable types of structures during an earthquake. Homes built with reinforced
concrete walls have a record of surviving intact, structurally sound and largely.

Definition of Terms

Galvanize steel coated with protective zinc to prevent from rusting

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Seismic isolators a protector of structure against earthquake forces

Robust way in a strong way

beam - long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete used in construction

Column - or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that

transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural
elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member.

Rigid frame - A rigid frame in structural engineering is the load-resisting skeleton

constructed with straight or curved members interconnected by mostly rigid connections
which resist movements induced at the joints of members.

Plates - structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and
anchorage

Review of Related Literature

According to Hu, Liu, and Dong's modern idea regarding the base isolation, it
was found that the Modern base isolation design is more effective or more efficient, and
the rubber bearing is more reasonable type of manufacture. The main idea of this
system is to make a longer period for their infrastructure. (Hisano, Nagasino and
Kawamura,1990) The 1st base isolated building in the United states was in San
Bernardino County, completed in 1988.

After completion, the result obtained during an earthquake of magnitude 4.9 30

km away. It showed the satisfactory record of base isolation design.

According to Ercument (2011) Modern science has enabled experts in building

process such as engineers and architects to prepare and organize earthquake provision
through building codes. However, having a modern earthquake code does not
guarantee earthquake resistant buildings. Earthquake resistant design is closely related
to the architectural configuration of a building. In many instances certain earthquake
resistant design requirements are neglected both in architectural education and in

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practice with the thought that the structural engineer can integrate earthquake provision
in the design later, after the architectural design is completed.

In Asia alone, millions of people have already died in the past 20 years due to
earthquakes and tsunamis. Japan and other countries in the Pacific Ring of Fire have
experienced events like these so now they are trying to adapt to these events by
making disaster proof establishments to ease the damage the infrastructures can take.
Building that are lightweight and flexible are being made. The roofs of houses are made
using light materials to ease the violent swaying. Ancient engineering has been applied
since ancient structures like in China and Japan have been known for withstanding
violent earthquakes. All of these have a chance to make newer buildings disaster proof.
It is important for newer knowledge in engineering to be used alongside the physics and
logics of ancient engineering so that these disaster proof infrastructures would be a
success.

Building construction is the best solution to minimize the damage taken caused
by earthquakes. Buildings today are designed to take vertical loads. All of the buildings
main structures are tied altogether to make it stronger. A 7.8 magnitude in Chile had
approximately 800 death tolls while an 8.0 magnitude in Haiti had 200,000 death tolls.
The main cause of the huge difference in death tolls is caused by the buildings
engineering.

Buildings where much stronger in industrialized and wealthy Chile rather than the
3rd world country Haiti

The earthquake in Haiti is an example that the buildings are the cause why
people die not the earthquake itself. An earthquake proof house does not need to much
funding just the right engineering. Rich countries and cities like Los Angeles have been
reinforcing buildings. Poor countries have been doing so as well but they are using local
materials. In India they have been using bamboo in Indonesia they have been using
tires with bags of sands inside to act as shock absorber. These materials may cost less
but they can get the job done.

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Model Design

Model Description

Lanceana is a two-storey single house with 121 sqm. From the outside this
house looks cozy. It has been built with tan bricks and has granite decorations. Arched
windows add to the overall look of the house and have been added to the house in a
very symmetric way. The house is equipped with a large kitchen and three bathrooms; it
also has a comfortable living room, 4bedrooms, a grand dining area, an office and a
snug storage room. The roof is high and pyramid shaped and is covered with wood
shingles. One roof terrace let in plenty of light to the rooms below the roof. The house
itself is surrounded by a gorgeous nature surrounding which can give you a fresh and
more comfortable living.

Materials Allusion

To a make a miniature of this house, were going to use the following:

*Plastic bottles filled with sand

*Popsicles Sticks

*Plywood

*Plastic Cover

*Cement

Most of the materials needed for this project are a recyclable material that is why
we would not spend too much money in making this miniature. Through this project, we
need to develop our creativity and resourcefulness because this project reflects to the
society of the Philippines wherein most of the Filipino people cannot afford to buy an
expensive house.

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Real Life Materials

*Plastic bottle filled with sand

*Post Steel

*Coco Lumber

*Arched Window

*Cement

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Theoretical Basis

Considering the situation of the Gravity Falls. The researchers have to make a
plan of a sturdy house that can be disaster proof in terms. In order to do that, the
researchers have to put up bases. And these bases are scientifically studied thus
making these reliable and true.

The structure of a building makes it disaster proof. The structure itself is a bit
complex. Because it is based on different concepts. The concept of flexibility, physically
with the material.

According to Merriam-Webster, flexibility is the capability of bending or being

bent. If the materials used are flexible, the structure itself will be also flexible. Thus
making the building flexible which counter the seismic vibrations brought by
earthquakes. The other concepts related with the structure are obvious. It comes with
the materials used and how the structure was made.

The location of the structure also affects the earthquake proof ability of it. As
defined in Physics, the center of mass is a position relative in an object or system,
wherein it is the average position of all parts of that object or system, which are
weighted according to their collective masses. Simply put, the center of mass simply
shows where the object or system focus its entire mass on. This concept explains how
the location affects the disaster proof ability of the structure.

Next is the concept of the collision. Collision is best defined as the brief,
simultaneous interaction between two or more bodies, which is due to the internal force
acting between the bodies. It involves energy, force, velocity, momentum, and impulse.
As such, this is the direct application of momentum and impulse that involves forces,
mass, and velocity.

Collision is included because it is undeniable that when an earthquake strikes,

the materials of the parts of the house are colliding thus making the house more
vulnerable on collapsing.

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 These concepts are scientifically accurate and valid. These are also studied by
different physicists and verified by engineers and so on. Making disaster-proof houses
or structures need in-depth studies scientifically and physically to make a project
successful.

Simulation Basis

To build earthquake proof, buildings, structures, their foundations need to be built

resistant to sideways loads. The lighter the building is, the less the loads. This is
particularly so when the weight is higher up. Where possible the roof should be of light-
weight material. If there are floors and walls and partitions, the lighter these are the
better, too.

If the sideways resistance is to be obtained from walls, these walls must go

equally in both directions. They must be strong enough to take the loads. They must be
tied in to any framing, and reinforced to take load in their weakest direction. They must
not fall apart and must remain in place after the worst shock waves so as to retain
strength for the aftershocks.

If the sideways resistance comes from diagonal bracing, then it must also go
equally all round in both directions. Where possible, it should be strong enough to
accept load in tension as well as compression: the bolted or welded connections should
resist more tension than the ultimate tension value of the brace (or well more than the
design load) and it should not buckle with loads well above the design load.

And the loads have got to go down to ground in a robust way. If the sideways
load is to be resisted with moment resisting framing then great care has to be taken to
ensure that the joints are stronger than the beams, and that the beams will fail before
the columns, and that the columns cannot fail by spalling if in concrete. Again the rigid
framing should go all around, and in both directions.

If the building earthquake resistance is to come from moment resisting frames,

then special care should be taken with the foundation-to-first floor level. If the

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requirement is to have a taller clear height, and to have open holes in the walls, then the
columns at this level may have to be much stronger than at higher levels; and the
beams at the first floor, and the columns from ground to second floor, have to be able to
resist the turning loads these columns deliver to the frame.

To stave off earthquake damage it must not have affixed into a foundation but
rested on a dozen steel-and-plastic sliders every steel-and-plastic sliders has 4.5 inches
in diameter. Under those sliders were either plates or bowl shape dishes made of
galvanize steel. These units are called seismic isolators."The idea of seismic isolation is
to isolate the house from the vibration of the ground, when the ground is moving, the
house will just slide".

References

How to make a building quake-proof. (2015). Retrieved from

https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/04/economist-explains-31

Building earthquake resistant structures. Retrieved from

http://www.academia.edu/22977350/BUILDING_EARTHQUAKE_RESISTANT_STRUC
TURES_2_Literature_Review

Earthquake-proof buildings. Retrieved from

http://imaginationstationtoledo.org/educator/activities/can-you-build-an-earthquake-
proof-building

The big idea. Retrieved from http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/big-

idea/10/earthquakes-pg2

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Erman, E. (2011). A critical analysis of earthquake-resistant architectural provisions.
Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3763/asre.2005.4837

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