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    Seepage Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Desai
    1) Seepage analysis involves determining hydraulic head and flow rate through soil. Seepage occurs due to a difference in total head between points in a soil mass. 2) Seepage pressure is the pressure exerted by flowing water on the soil and is caused by frictional drag between water and soil particles. It is equal to the total head times the unit weight of water. 3) Quick sand occurs when upward seepage reduces effective stress to zero, causing loose soil particles to be lifted by flowing water. It happens at a critical hydraulic gradient.

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    Seepage Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Desai
    117 views4 pages
    1) Seepage analysis involves determining hydraulic head and flow rate through soil. Seepage occurs due to a difference in total head between points in a soil mass. 2) Seepage pressure is the pressure exerted by flowing water on the soil and is caused by frictional drag between water and soil particles. It is equal to the total head times the unit weight of water. 3) Quick sand occurs when upward seepage reduces effective stress to zero, causing loose soil particles to be lifted by flowing water. It happens at a critical hydraulic gradient.

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    Seepage

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    1) Seepage analysis involves determining hydraulic head and flow rate through soil. Seepage occurs due to a difference in total head between points in a soil mass. 2) Seepage pressure is the pressure exerted by flowing water on the soil and is caused by frictional drag between water and soil particles. It is equal to the total head times the unit weight of water. 3) Quick sand occurs when upward seepage reduces effective stress to zero, causing loose soil particles to be lifted by flowing water. It happens at a critical hydraulic gradient.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    117 views4 pages

    Seepage Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Desai
    1) Seepage analysis involves determining hydraulic head and flow rate through soil. Seepage occurs due to a difference in total head between points in a soil mass. 2) Seepage pressure is the pressure exerted by flowing water on the soil and is caused by frictional drag between water and soil particles. It is equal to the total head times the unit weight of water. 3) Quick sand occurs when upward seepage reduces effective stress to zero, causing loose soil particles to be lifted by flowing water. It happens at a critical hydraulic gradient.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    SEEPAGE ANALYSIS

    Seepage of water through a soil mass occurs when there is a difference in total head between
    two points
    The total head h at any point in the soil mass in which flow is taking place is the algebraic
    sum of pressure head, hw, and datum head or position head, Z.
    = +z
    Note:
    1. The datum head is the elevation of the point with respect to a chosen datum line.
    2. As the velocity of flow through soil deposit is usually very low, the velocity head (v2/2g)
    being very small and is neglected.
    3. The pressure head at any point is also known as peizometric head.

    Seepage analysis involves determination of hydraulic head at various points in the soil mass
    and rate of discharge through soil mass.

    SEEPAGE PRESSURE
    Pressure exerted by flowing water on the section of soil mass in the direction of flow.
    It is caused by the force corresponding to energy transfer effected due to frictional drag
    between water and soil particles.
    The seepage pressure at any point in the soil mass is given by
    ps = hw
    Where h is the total head at that point
    If Z is the length of flow over which head h is lost and i is the hydraulic gradient
    h
    ps Z w iZ w
    Z
    The seepage force J over total cross sectional area A of flow in the soil mass is

    J ps A iZ w A
    Seepage force per unit volume is given by
    J iZ w A
    j i w
    AZ AZ

    Thus seepage force per unit volume is equal to the product of hydraulic gradient i and unit
    weight of water w.
    In the case of vertical flow through soil mass the effective stress at a section will be increased
    or decreased according as the flow is in the downward or upward direction.
    The effective stress at depth Z is given by
    =Z ps = Z iZw
    +ve sign is used when flow occurs in the downward direction
    -ve sign is used when it occurs in upward direction
    Consideration of seepage pressure is of vital importance in the stability analysis of earth
    structures subjected to seepage.
    Seepage pressure is responsible for the phenomenon of quick sand.

    QUICK SAND OR QUICK CONDITION


    In the case of upward flow of water through a soil mass, the seepage pressure acts in the upward
    direction causing reduction in effective stress.
    In the case of submerged soil mass, the upward pressure may become equal to downward
    pressure due to submerged weight of soil, at a certain level.
    When this happens in the case of a cohesionless soil, the soil at that level looses all its shear
    strength as the effective stress becomes zero.
    =c+ tan = 0 + 0(tan ) = 0

    Because of this soil particles have the tendency to be carried away by flowing water. This
    phenomenon of lifting of soil particles by flowing water is called quick sand or quick sand
    condition.
    Thus quick sand occurs when

    = z-ps =0 => ps= z


    Also ps =iz . Therefore we can write ps= z= icz
    z 1
    => ic = = =
    z 1+

    Where ic denotes critical hydraulic gradient.


    The critical hydraulic gradient is the hydraulic gradient at which quick sand condition occurs.

    EFFECTIVE STRESS, PORE PRESSURE AND TOTAL STRESS

    The pressure transmitted through grain to grain at the contact points through a soil mass is
    termed as intergranular or effective stress.
    It is known as effective stress since this pressure is responsible for the decrease in the void
    ratio or increase in the frictional resistance of a soil mass.
    If the pores of a soil mass are filled with water and if a pressure induced into the pore water,
    tries to separate the grains, this pressure is termed as pore water pressure (u) or neutral stress.
    The effect of this pressure is to increase the volume or decrease the frictional resistance of the
    soil mass.

    Variation of total stress, neutral stress and effective stress with depth for no flow
    Variation of total stress, neutral stress and effective stress with depth for downward flow

    Variation of total stress, neutral stress and effective stress with depth for upward flow

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