Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

QUESTION PAPER SOLUTION

MODULE - 1
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS I

d4y d3y d2y dy

1) Solve 4 4
4 3
23 2
12 36 0
dx dx dx dx
(July 2015)
Sol : The given equation is written as
4D4 4 D 3 23D 2 12 D 36 0
A.E is 4m 4 4m3 23m 2 12m 36 0
solving we get m 2, 2, 3 / 2, 3 / 2
yc c1 c2 x e 2 x c3 c4 x e3/2

d3y d2y dy
2) Solve 3
6 2
11 6y ex 1 July 2015
dx dx dx

Sol : The given equation is written as D 3 6D 2 11D 6 y 0

A.E is m3 6m 2 11m 6 0
m3 m 2 5m 2 5m 6m 6 0
m2 m 1 5m(m 1) 6(m 1) 0
m 2 5m 6 0, m 1 0
m 1, 2, 3
x 2x 3x
yc c1e c2 e c3e
ex 1 ex e0 x .1
yp
D3 6 D 2 11D 6 D 3 6 D 2 11D 6 D3 6 D 2 11D 6
ex 1
24 6
x 2x 3x ex 1
GS is y c1e c2e c3e
24 6

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

d 2 y dy x
3) Solve 2 2 2 e sin x July 2015
dx dx
Sol : The given equation is written as 2D 2 2D y e x sin x
A.E is m2 2m 0
m(m 2) 0
m 0, 2
yc c1 c2e 2 x
let PI as y e x ( A cos x b sin x)
Differentiating w.r.t x y ' e x ( A sin x b cos x) e x ( A cos x b sin x )
y" e x A B cos x ( A B)sin x)} e x {( A B)sin x ( A B) cos x
Sustituting thesevalues inthe given equations and solving we get
1
A 0, B 1/ 2 yp ex sin x
2
1
G S is y yc y p c1 c2e 2 x e x sin x
2

4) Solve : y 4y 12 y e2 x 3sin 2 x Jan 2016

Sol : We have D 2 4 D 12 y e 2 x 3 sin 2 x

AE : m 2 4m 12 0 m 2, 6
yc c1e 2 x c2 e 6x

e2 x 3sin 2 x
yp 2 2
D 4 D 12 D 4 D 12
e2 x 3sin 2 x
x
D 4 4 D 4
e2 x 3 D 4 sin 2 x
x
8 4 D 2 16
xe2 x 3 2 cos x 4sin 2 x
8 80
General solution
2x 6x xe2 x 3 2 cos x 4sin 2 x
y yc yp y c1e c2e
8 80

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5) By the method of undetermined coefficients solve y y 2 cos x (Jan 2016)

we have D 2 1 y 2 cos x
Sol:

AE : m 2 1 0 m i
yc c1 cos x c2 sin x
Assume y p x A cos x B sin x
yp x A sin x B cos x A cos x B sin x
yp x A cos x B sin x 2 A sin x 2 B cos x
substituting in given equation and comparing coefficients we get
B 1 and A 0
y p x sin x
G.S is given by
y c1 cos x c2 sin x x sin x

6) By the method of variation of parameters solve y 4y tan 2 x (Jan 2016)

D2 4 y tan 2 x
Sol:
AE : m 2 4 0 m 2i
yc c1 cos 2 x c2 sin 2 x
y A cos 2 x B sin 2 x
cos 2 x sin 2 x
W 2
2 sin 2 x 2 cos 2 x
sin 2 x tan 2 x sin 2 x log sec 2 x tan 2 x
A dx k1
2 4 4
cos 2 x tan 2 x cos 2 x
B dx k2
2 4
G.S is given by
sin 2 x log sec 2 x tan 2 x cos 2 x
y k1 cos 2 x k 2 sin 2 x
4 4 4

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7) Solve ( D 4 m 4 ) y 0 ( Jan 2016)

2 2
solution : A.E D 2 m2 0
( D 2 m2 )2 2 D 2 m2 0
D 2 m2 2 Dm D 2 m 2 2 Dm 0

2a 2ai 2a 2ai
D , D
2 2
a a a a
i i
2 2 2 2
The general solution is given by
ax ax
2 a a 2 a a
y e c1 cos x c2 sin x e c1 cos x c2 sin x
2 2 2 2

8) Solve ( D 4 m 4 ) y 0 ( Jan 2016)

2 2
Sol : A.E D 2 m2 0
( D 2 m2 )2 2 D 2 m2 0
D 2 m2 2 Dm D 2 m 2 2 Dm 0

2a 2ai 2a 2ai
D , D
2 2
a a a a
i i
2 2 2 2
The generalsolution is given by
ax ax
2 a a 2 a a
y=e c1cos x+c2sin x +e c1 cos x c2 sin x
2 2 2 2

( D 2 7 D 12) y cosh x
9) Solve (Jan 2016)

2 ex e x

Sol: We have ( D 7 D 12) y

2

AE : m 2 7 m 12 0 m 3, 4
3x 4x
yc c1e c2e

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

1 ex e x
yp
2 D 2 7 D 12 D2 7 D 12
1 ex e x
2 20 6
General solution
y yc y p

3x 4x 1 ex e x
y c1e c2e
2 20 6

y y x sin x
10) By the method of variation of parameters solve (Jan 2016)

Sol : D 2 1 y x sin x
AE : m 2 1 0 m i
yc c1 cos x c2 sin x
y A cos x B sin x
cos x sin x
W 1
sin x cos x
x sin 2 x 1 x2 x sin x cos 2 x
A dx k1
2 2 2 2 4
x cos 2 x sin 2 x
B x sin x cos xdx k2
4 8
G.S is given by
1 x2 x sin x cos 2 x x cos 2 x sin 2 x
y k1 cos x k2 sin x
2 2 2 4 4 8

11) Solve (4 D 4 8D3 7 D 2 11D 6) y 0 (June 2015)

Solution: The AE is 4m 4 8m 3 7m 2 11m 6 0

By inspection method m=-1 and m=2 are two roots

1 3
then we get 4m 2 4m 3 0 m ,
2 2
1 x 3 x
x
y c1e c2 e 2 x c3e 2
c1e 2

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12) Solve ( D 2 4) y x2 e x
(June 2015)

Solution: The AE is m 2 4 0 m 2i

yc c1 cos 2 x c2 sin 2 x
1 1
yp 2
x2 2
e x

D 4 D 4
2 1
1 D 2 e x
1 x
4 4 5
2
1 D2 D2 2 e x
1 ......... x
4 4 4 5
1 2 1 e x 1 2 1 e x
x .2 0 x
4 4 5 4 2 5
1 2 1 e x
y c1 cos 2 x c2 sin 2 x x
4 2 5

13) Solve ( D 2 2 D 2) y e x tan x using method of var iation of parameters. (June 2015)

Solution: The AE is m 2 2m 2 0 m 1 i

yc e x c1 cos x c2 sin x
u e x cos x v e x sin x
u v e x cos x e x sin x
w x
e2 x
u v e sin x cos x e x sin x cos x
vf ( x) e x sin x.e x tan x sin 2 x
A dx dx dx
w e2 x cos x
sec x cos x dx sin x log sec x tan x k1
uf ( x) e x cos x.e x tan x
B dx dx sin xdx cos x k2
w e2 x
Hence general slolution is
y e x A cos x B sin x
y e x c1 cos x c2 sin x e x cos x log sec x tan x

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3
14) Solve ( D D) y 2e x 4 cos x (Jan 2015)
3
Solution: Given ( D D) y 2e x 4cos x
A.E is ( D 3 D) y 0
m3 m 0
m( m 3 1) 0
m 0, m 2 1 0 m I1
m 0, 1,1
C.F c1e ox c2 e x
c3e x
x
C.F c1 c2 e c3e x
2e x 4 cos x 2e x 4 cos x
P.I
f ( D) D3 D
2e x 4 cos x
D D D3 D
3

2e x 4 cos x
1 1 D D
x
2 xe 4 cos x
2
3D 1 2D
x
2 xe 2 cos x
3.1 1 D
x
2 xe
2sin x
2
P.I xe x 2sin x
The solution is y = C.F. +P.F
x
y = c1 c2e c3e x xe x 2sin x
15) Solve: ( D2 2 )y= x 2e3 x e x cos 2 x ( Jan 2015)

2
Solution: L( D) D 2, which leads to
C.F. A cos 2 x B sin 2 x.
Also,
1 1 3x 2 1 x
P.I . x 2e3 x e x cos 2 x e x e cos 2 x
L( D) L( D) L( D)

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

1 1
e3 x x 2 e3 x cos 2 x
L( D 3) L( D 1)
1 1
e3 x 2
x2 ex cos 2 x
( D 3) 2 ( D 1) 2 2
1 1
e3 x 2 x2 ex 2 cos 2 x
D 6 D 11 D 2D 3
1 1 1
e3 x 1 D2 6D 1 2
x ex 2 cos 2 x
11 11 2 2D 3
1 3x 1 1 2 1
e 1 D2 6D 2
D2 6 D ...... x 2 ex cos 2 x
11 11 11 2D 1
1 3x 1 1 2D 1
e 1 D2 6D D 4 12 D 3 36 D 2 x2 ex cos 2 x
11 11 112 4D4 1
1 3x 2 1 1 2D 1
e x 2 12 x 72 ex cos 2 x
11 11 112 4( 22 ) 1
1 3 x 2 12 50 1 x
e x x e ( 4sin 2 x cos 2 x)
11 11 121 17
Therefore, the general solution of the given equation is
1 3 x 2 12 50 1 x
Y=C.F.+P.I.=Acos 2 x B sin 2 x e x x e (4sin 2 x cos 2 x).
11 11 121 17

16) Solve the simultaneous equation (D+5) x-2y=t and (D+1) y+2x=0 ( Jan2015)
Solution: The given equations are
(D+5) x-2y=t
(D+1) y+2x=0

From equation (ii), we get

(D+5) (D+1)y +2(D+5)x=0.

Using equation (i), this becomes

(D+5) (D+1)y +2(t+2y)=0.

For this equation, the A.E. is (m+3)2 = 0 whose toots are -3, -3. Therefore
C.F. = (c1+ c2t) e-3t
1 1 1
P.I . 2
( 2t ) ( 2t )
( D 3) 9 (1 D / 3) 2
2
2 D 2 2 2 2
1 (t ) 1 D ...... t t
9 3 9 3 9 3
Therefore, the general solution of equation (iii) is
2 4
Y = C.F. + P.I. = (c1+ c2t)e-3t- t
9 27
Using this in equation (ii), we get

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2 4
2x = - (D +1)y=-(D+1) c1 c2 e-3t - t
9 27
2 2 4
( 3) c1 c2 e-3t c2 e 3t
c1 c 2t e-3t t
9 9 27
2 2
( 2) c1 c2 e-3t c2 e 3t
t
9 27
3t 2 2
2c1 -c2 2ct e t
9 27
1 2 1
x c1 - c2 c2t e 3t t
2 9 27
Expressions (iv) and (v) constitute the general solution of the given system.
It is given that x=0 and y=0 when t = 0. Using this condition in expressions (iv) and (v), we get.

4 1 1
0 c1 , 0 c1 c2
27 2 27
From these, we get
4 1 3 2
c1 , c2 2 c1 2
27 27 27 9
Substituting these values of c1 and c2 into expressions (V) and (iV), we get
1 1
x (1 6t )e 3t (3t 1)
27 27
1 1
y (2 3t )e 3t (3t 2)
27 27
These constitute the required solution of the given system.

2
17) Solve ( D 2) y 8 e2 x sin 2 x (June 2014)
2
Solution: A.E is m 2 0
m 2, 2,
C.F c1 c2 x e 2 x
8 e2 x sin 2 x e2 x sin 2 x e2 x sin 2 x
P.I 8 2
8 2 2
f ( D) D 2 D 2 D 4D 4

xe 2 x sin 2 x x 2e2 x cos 2 x

8 8
2 D 2 4D 2 8
4 x 2 e 2 x cos 2 x
The solution is y = C.F. +P.F
y = c1 c2 x e 2 x 4 x 2e 2 x cos 2 x

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18) Solve: y 2y y x cos x (June 2014)

Solution:
A.E is m 2 2m 1 0
m 1, 1
C.F c1 c2 x e x
x cos x 2D 2 cos x
P.I 2
x 2 2
D 2D 1 D 2D 1 D 2D 1
2 D 1 cos x 2 sin x
x 2
x
D 1 2D D 1 2
x sin x sin x x sin x ( D 1) sin x
2 D 1 2 D2 1
x sin x cos x sin x 1
x sin x cos x sin x
2 2 2
The solution is y = C.F. +P.F
1
y = c1 c2 x e2 x x sin x cos x sin x
2
dx dy
19) Solve 7 x y 0, 2x 5 y 0 (June 2014)
dt dt
Sol : The given equations can be written as
D 7 x y 0.............(1)
2x D 5 y 0..............(2)
Operating (2) by (D-7) and multiplying (1) by 2 we have

2 D 7 x 2y 0
2 D 7 x D 5 D 7 y 0
Adding we get , D 5 D 7 2 y 0
or D 2 12 D 37 y 0
A.E is m2 12m 37 0 m 6 i
y e6t c1 cos t c2 sin t ............(3)
dy 1 dy
By considering 2x 5 y 0 we get, x 5y
dt 2 dt

1 d 6t
x e c1 cos t c2 sin t 5e 6t c1 cos t c2 sin t
2 dt

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1 6t
e c1 sin t c2 cos t 6e6t c1 cos t c2 sin t 5e6t c1 cos t c2 sin t
2
1
x c1 c2 e6t cos t c2 c1 e6t sin t .................(4)
2
(3) and (4) represents the general solution of given system of equations

dx dy
20) Solve 2 y cos 2t , 2 x sin 2t , given that x 1, y 0 at t 0 (Dec2013)
dt dt
Sol: The given equations can be written as
Dx 2 y cos 2t.............(1)
2 x Dy sin 2t..............(2)
Operating (1) by D and multiplying (2) by 2 we have

D 2 x 2 Dy 2sin 2t
4 x 2 Dy 2sin 2t
Adding we get , D 2 4 x 0
A.E is m2 4 0
x c1 cos 2t c2 sin 2t............(3)
dx 1 dx
By considering 2 y cos 2t we get, y cos 2t
dt 2 dt

1 d
y c1 cos 2t c2 sin 2t cos 2t
2 dt
1
2c1 sin 2t 2c2 cos 2t cos 2t
2
y c1 sin 2t c2 1/ 2 cos 2t.............(4)
(3) and (4) represents the general solution of given system of equations

It is given that x=1 and y=0 when t = 0. Using this condition in expressions (3) and (4), we get.

from (3)1 c1 0 c1 1
from (4) 0 0 c2 1/ 2 c2 1/ 2
Substituting these values of c1 and c2 into expressions (3) and (4), we get

sin 2t
x cos 2t ; y sin 2t
2

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e3 x
21) Using the method of variation of variation of parameters solve y 6y 9y .
x2
( June 2014, Dec 2013)
e3 x
Solution: ; We have D 2 6 D 9 y
x2
A.E. m2 6m 9 0 m 3,3
yc c1 c2 x e3 x

y A Bx e3x be the complete solution of the given equation where A(x),B(x) are to
be found
We have y1=e3x and y2=xe3x

y2 x y1 ( x)
A' , B'
W W
xe3 x .e3 x / x 2 e .e / x 2
3x 3x
A' , B'
e6 x e6 x
1 1
A' , B' 2
x x
Integrating we get
1
A log x k1 B k2
x
Using the expression of A and B in in y A Bx e3x we have,

1
y log x k1 e3 x k2 xe3 x
x
y k1 k2 x e3 x e3 x log x

2 '' ' 2
22) Solve: x y xy y 2cos (log x) . ( Dec 2013)
Solution: Put logx=t or et = x
d
xy Dy, x 2 y D( D 1) y where D
dt
D( D 1) y Dy y 2 cos 2 t
D( D 1) D 1 2 cos 2 t
D2 2D 1 y 2 cos 2 t

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m 2 2m 1 0
m 1
yc (c1 c2t )et
2 cos 2 t
yp
D2 2D 1
1 cos 2t
D2 2D 1
1 cos 2t
2 2
P1 P2
D 2D 1 D 2D 1

1 eox eox 1
P1 2 2
1
D 2 D 1 D 2 D 1 0 2(0) 1 1
cos 2t cos 2t cos 2t
P2 2
D 2D 1 4 2D 1 2D 3
(2 D 3) cos 2t
(2 D 3)(2 D 3)
2 D(cos 2t ) 3cos 2t
(4 D 2 9)
4sin 2t 3cos 2t
25
4sin 2t 3cos 2t
25

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MODULE-2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS - II
dx dy
1) Solve the simultaneous equations dt 2 y sin t 0,
dt
2 x cos t 0 given that x = 0,
y = 1 when t = 0 (Jan 2016)

Sol: Given Dx 2 y sin t , 2 x Dy cos t

Solving the equations we get D 2 4y 3 sin t

m2 4 0 m 2i
yc c1 cos 2t c2 sin 2t
3 sin t
yp sin t
D2 4
y c1 cos 2t c2 sin 2t sin t
dy
Substituting in the given equation we get
dt
x c1 sin 2t c2 cos 2t cos t

2
2) Solve x y xy 2y x sin log x (Jan 2016)

put x et t log x
Sol:

then we have D( D 1) D 2 y et sin t

AE m 2 2m 2 0 m 1 i
t
yc e c1 cos t c2 sin t
et sin t
yp .............D D 1
D 2 2D 2
sin t sin t
et 2 et 2 ( Dr 0)
D 1 1 1
sin t et t cos t
et t
2D 2
et t cos t
GSis y et c1 cos t c2 sin t
2
x log x cos log x
y x c1 cos(log x) c2 sin(log x)
2

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dy dx x y
3) Solve dx dy y x (Jan 2016, June 2015)

Sol: The given equation can be written as

dy
we note that p
dx
1 x y
p
p y x
x y
p2 p 1 0
y x
Solving for p we get
x y
p or p
y x
dy x
now xdx ydy k
dx y
then x 2 y2 c 0
dy y dx dy
Similarly k
dx x x y
then log x log y log c
then xy c 0
G S is x 2 y 2 c xy c 0
2
x a y 4x ay 6y x (July 2015)
4) Solve
put x et t log x
Solution:

put x a et t log x a
then we have D( D 1) 4 D 6 y et a
AE m2 5m 6 0 m 2,3

yc c1e 2t c2e3t
a et
yp 2
D 5D 6
et a
2 6

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

et a
GS is y c1e2t c2e3t
2 6
2 3 x a a
y c1 x a c2 x a
2 6

p
5) Solve p tan x
1 p2 (Jan 2016)

Sol: The given equation can be written as

p
x tan 1 p .......(1)
1 p2
Differentiating both the sides
dp dp
1 p2 p 2p
dx 1 dp dy dy
2
dy 1 p 2 dy 1 p2

dp dp
p2
1 1 dp dy dy
2
p 1 p 2 dy 1 p2

dp 1 1 p2
2
dy 1 p 2 1 p2

dp 2
2
dy 1 p2

2p
dy dp......... put 1 p 2 t
2 2
1 p
dy dt / t 2
1 1
y c y c......(2)
t 1 p2
(1) and (2) arethe general solution

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6) Find the general and singular solution of the equation y px p3 (Jan 2016)
Solution: The given equation is Clairauts equation
the general solution is obtained by replacing p by c
y cx c 3
diff w.r.t c to get the singular solution
x
0 x 3c 2 c i
3
x x x
y ix i
3 3 3

7) Solve ( px y )( py x ) a 2 p by reducing toClairaut 's equati on. (June 2015)

du
Solution: Put u=x 2 du 2 xdx dx
2x

dv
Put v=y 2 dv 2 ydy dy
2y

dy dv / 2 y x dv x dv
p P where P
dx du / 2 x y du y du

substituting this in the given equation we get

x x x
Px y Py x a2 P
y y y

x2 P y 2 x
Px x a2 P
y y

x( x 2 P y 2 )( P 1) Pa 2 x uP v ( P 1) Pa 2
Pa 2
v uP ......this is Clairaut ' s form
P 1
TheGeneral Solution of this equation is
ca 2 ca 2
v uc or y 2 cx 2
c 1 c 1

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8) Solve (1 x) 2 y (1 x) y y 2sin log x (June 2015)

Solution: Put 1 x e z z log(1 x)

given equationbecomes
D( D 1) y Dy y 2sin z D2 1 y 2sin z
The AE is m2 1 0 m i

yc c1 cos z c2 sin z c1 cos log(1 x) c2 sin log(1 x)

2sin z sin z
yp 2
2z z cos z log(1 x) cos log(1 x)
D 1 2D
y c1 cos log(1 x) c2 sin log(1 x) log(1 x) cos log(1 x)

9) Solve y 2 px y 2 p3 by solving for x. (June 2015)

y y 2 p3
Solution: x
2p

differentiating w.r.t y we get

dp dp
p 1 y 2 .3 p 2 p 3 .2 y y y 2 p3
dx 1 dy dy
dy 2 p2

1 1 dp dp dp
or 2
p 3 y 2 p3 2 p4 y y y 2 p3
p 2p dy dy dy

on cross multiplication
dp 4 dp
2 p p 2 y 2 p3 2p y y
dy dy
dp
or p 1 2 yp 3 y 1 2 yp 3 0
dy

dp d
p y 1 2 yp 3 0 or ( py ) 0
dy dy
c
on int egration p
y

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substituting in given equation we get

c c3 c c3
y 2. x y 2 . 3 y 2. x
y y y y
or y 2 2cx c3 which is the required solution

d2y 2 dy
10) Solve x 2
4x 2 y ex (June 2015)
dx dx

Solution: Put x e z z log x

given equation becomes

z
D( D 1) y 4 Dy 2 y 2sin z D 2 3D 2 y ee
The AE is m 2 3m 2 0 m 1, 2
c1 c2
yc c1e z c2e 2 z
x x2
z
ee 1 1 z 1 z
yp ee e z
ee e z dz
D 1 D 2 D 2 D 1 D 2
1 z ez 2z ez z 2z 2 z ez ex
e e e e e e dz e e
D 2 x2
c1 c2 ex
y
x x2 x2
dx dy
11) Solve 7x y 0, 2x 5 y 0 (June 2015)
dt dt
d
Solution: Put D the given equations becomes
dt
Dx 7 x y 0 ; Dy 2 x 5 y 0

or ( D 7) x y 0; 2 x ( D 5) y 0

solving for y we get D 2 12 D 37 y 0

The AE is m 2 12m 37 0 m 6 i

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y e6t c1 cos t c2 sin t

dy
substituting y in 2x 5 y 0
dt
1 dy 1 6t
x 5y e c1 sin t c2 cos t 6e6t c1 cos t c2 sin t 5e6t c1 cos t c2 sin t
2 dt 2
e6t
c1 c2 cos t c2 c1 sin t
2
2 5 4
12) Solve p 4 x p 12 x y 0 , obtain the singular solution also. . (Jan 2015)
Sol: The given equation is solvable for y only.
p 2 4 x5 p 12 x 4 y 0 ...........(1)_
2 5
p 4x p
y f ( x, p )
12 x 4

Differentiating (1) w.r.t.x,

dp dp
2p 4 x5 20 x 4 p 12 x 4 p 48 x3 y 0
dx dx
dp p 2 4 x5 p
(2 p 4 x5 ) 8 x3 ( xp ) 0
dx 2 x4
dp 2 p
( p 2 x5 ) ( p 2 x5 )
dx x

dp 2p
0
dx x

Integrating log p log x k

p c2 x2 equation (1) becomes

c 4 4c 2 x3 12 y
Setting c 2 k the general solution becomes

k 2 4kx3 12 y

Differentiating w.r.t k partially we get

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2k 4 x 3 0
Using k 2 x3 in general solution we get
x6 3 y 0 as the singular solution

px y py x 2 p, by reducing into Clairaut's form,taking the

13) Solve . (Jan 2015)
substitution X x2 , Y y2.
dX
Solution: Let X x2 2x
dx
dX
Y x2 2y
dy
dy
dy dY dX dY
Now, p and let P
dx
dY dX dx dx
1 x
P . p.2 x or p P
2y y
X
p P
Y
Consider ( px y ) ( py x) 2p
X X X
P X Y P Y X 2 P
Y Y Y
( PX Y )( P 1) 2P
2P
Y PX
P 1
Is in the Clairauts form and hence the associated general solution is
2c
Y cX
c 1
2c
Thus the required general solution of the given equation is y 2 cx 2
c 1
3 2
14) Solve p 4 xyp 8 y 0 by solving for x. . (Jan 2015)
Solution: The given equation is solvable for x only.
p 3 4 xyp 8 y 2 0
3 2
p 8y
x f ( y, p )
4 yp
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. y,
dp dp 1
3 p2 4 xy 4 yp. 4 px 16 y 0
dy dy p

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

dp
(3 p 2 4 xy ) 4 px 12 y
dy
3
dp 2 p 8 y2 p3 8 y 2
3p 12 y
dy p y
dp 2 p 3 8 y 2 p3 4 y 2
dy p y

2 dp 3 2
p3 4 y 2
( p 4y )
p dy y
2 dp 1
p dy y
2 log p log y log c
U sin g P cy in (1) we have,
cy cy 4 xy cy 8 y 2 0
3
2
Dividingthroughout by y y y we have,
c c 4x c 8 y 0
c (c 4 x ) 8 y
Thus the general solution isc(c 4 x) 2 64 y

15) Solve p( p y ) x( x y ) (June 2014)

2
Sol: The given equation is, p py x( x y) 0

y y2 4 x( x y)
p
2
2
y 4x 4 xy y2 y (2 x y)
p
2 2
2( y x)
ie., p x or p (y x)
2
We have,

dy x2
x y k
dx 2
dy
Also, y x
dx

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

dy
ie., y x, is a linear d .e ( similar to the previous problem)
dx
P dx
P 1, Q x; e ex
Hence ye x xe x dx c
ie., ye x ( xe x e x ) c, int egrating by parts.
Thus the general solution is given by (2 y x 2 c ) e x ( y x 1) c 0

16) Obtain the general solution and singular solution of the equation
y 2 px p2 y . (June 2014)
Solution: The given equation is solvable for x and it can be written as
y
2x py........(1)
p
Differentiating w.r.t y we get
2 1 y dp dp
p y
p p p 2 dy dy

1 y dp
p 1 0
p p dy
1 dp
Ignoring p which does not contain , this gives
p dy
y dp dy dp
1 0 or 0
p dy y p
Integrating we get
yp c........(2)
substituting for p from 2 in (1)
y2 2cx c 2
3
17) Obtain the general solution and singular solution of the Clairauts equation xp yp 2 1 0 .
(Dec 2013)
Solution: The given equation can be written as
xp 3 1 1
y 2
y px i s in theClairaut ' s form y px f ( p)
p p2
whose general solution is y cx f (c)
1
Thus general solution is y cx 2
c
Differnetiating partially w.r.t. c we get

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
1/3
2 2
0 x 3 c
c x
Thus general solution becomes
1/3 2/3
2 x
y x 22/3 y 3x 2/3
x 2
or 4 y 3 27 x 2

18) Solve p 2 2 py cot x y 2 . (Dec 2013)

Solution: Dividing throughout by p2, the equation can be written as
y2 2y
cot x 1 adding cot 2 x to b.s
p2 p
y2 2y
cot x cot 2 x 1 cot 2 x
p2 p
2
y
or cot x cos ec 2 x
p
y
cot x cos ecx
p
y
cot x cos ecx
dy / dx
dy sin x dy sin x
dx and
y cos x 1 y cos x 1
Integrating these two equations we get
y (cos x 1) c1 and y (cos x 1) c2
general solutionis
y (cos x 1) c y (cos x 1) c 0

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MODULE 3
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1) Form the partial differential equation of Z = y f(x) + xg(y) where f and g are
arbitrary functions. (Jan 2016)

z
Sol : g ( y ) yf '( x);
x
z
xg '( y ) f ( x)
y

Substituting g'( y) and f '( x)

2
z z z
xy x y [ xg ( y ) yf ( x)]
x y x y
2
z z z
xy x y z
x y x y
This is the required pde.
2
u 2 u
2. Derive one dimensional heat equation as c . (Jan 2016, July 2015)
t x2
Sol:

Consider a heat conducting homogeneous rod of length L placed along x-axis. One end of the

rod at x=0(Origin) and the other end of the rod at x=L.

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Assume that the rod as constant density and uniform cross section A. Also assume that the rod
is insulated laterally and therefore heat flows only in the x direction. The rod is sufficiently thin
so that the temperature is same at all points of any cross sectional area of the rod.

Let u(x, t) be the temperature of the cross section at the point x at any time t.

The amount of heat crossing any section of the rod per second depends on the area A of the cross
u
section, the thermal conductivity k of the material of rod and the temperature gradient
x

i.e., the rate of change of temperature with respect to distance normal to the area.

Therefore q1 the quantity of heat flowing into the cross section at a distance x in unit time is
u
q1 kA per second
x x

Negative sign appears because heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature (as x
increases u decreases )

q2 the quantity of heat flowing out of the cross section at a distance x x

(i.e, the rate of heat flow at cross section x x )

u
q2 kA per second
x x x

The rate of change of heat content in segment of the rod between x and x+x must be equal to
net heat flow into this segment of the rod is
u u
q1 q2 kA per second.............(1)
x x x x x

But the rate of increase of heat in the rod

u
s A x ...............(2)
t
Where S is the specific heat, the density of material.

From (1) & (2)

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u u u
s A x kA
t x x x x x

u u
u x x x x x
or s k
t x

Taking limit as x 0 , we have

2 2
u u k u
s k 2
or
t x t s x2
2
u u k
or c2 ...........................(3) where c2
t x2 s

Is known as diffusivity constant.

Equation (3) is the one dimensional heat equation which is second order homogenous and
parabolic type.

3. From the function f(x2+ y2 , z-xy) = 0 form the partial differential equation . (July 2015)
Sol: Let u = x2+ y2 and v= z-xy so that the given relation is f(u,v) = 0
Differentiating this partially w.r.t x and y, we get

f f z
(2 x) y 0
u v x
f f z
(2 y ) x 0
u v y
f f
Eliminating and from these equations, we get
u v
z
2x y
x
0
z
2y x
y
z z
or x x y y 0
y x
z z
or x y x2 y2
y x

This is the required partial differential equation.

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
2 2
u u
2
c2
4) Derive one dimensional wave equation as t x2 . (July 2015)
Sol:

Consider a tightly stretched elastic string of length l stretched between two points O and A and
displaced slightly from its equilibrium position OA. Taking O as origin and OA as x axis and a
perpendicular line through O as Y- axis. We shall find the displacement y a function of the
distance x and the time t.
We shall obtain the equation of motion of string under the following assumptions.
The string is perfectly flexible and offers no resistance to bending
Points on the string move only in the vertical direction, there is no motion in the horizontal
direction. The motion takes place entirely in the X Y plane .
Gravitational forces on the string are neglected.
Let m be the mass per unit length of the string. Consider the motion of an element PQ of length
s . Since the string does not offer resistance to bending, the tensions T1
At P and T2 at Q are tangential to the curve.
Since the is no motion in the horizontal direction, some of the forces in the horizontal direction
must be zero.
i.e., - T1cos + T2cos=0 or T1cos= T2cos=T=constant..(1)

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Since gravitational force on the string is neglected , the only two forces acting on the string are
the vertical components of tension - T1sin at P and T2sin at Q with up[ward direction takes as
positive.

Mass of an element PQ is m s . By Newtons second law of motion , the equation of motion in

the vertical direction is
Resultant of forces = mass *acceleration
2
y
T2sin - T1sin =m s 2
..............(2) .
t

2 T sin T1 sin m s 2y
gives 2
1 T2 cos T1 cos T t2
m s 2y
or tan tan
T t2
2
.
y T
tan tan
t2 m s
2
y T y y
2
t m s x x x x x

( s x to a first approximation and tan , tan arethe slopes of the curve of the string at x and x x)

y y
2
y T x x x x x
2
t m x

Taking Limit as x 0
2 2 2 2
y T y y y T
2
or c2 ...................(3) where c 2
t m x2 t 2
x 2
m
Which is the partial differential equation giving the transverse vibrations of the string .
Equation (3) is the one dimensional wave equation which is second order homogenous and
parabolic type.

5) Solve zxy sin x sin y for which z y 2sin y when x 0 and z 0

when y is an odd multiple of . (Jan 2015)

2
Solution: Here we first find z by integration and apply the given conditions to determine the arbitrary
functions occurring as constants of integration.
z
The given PDF can be written as sin x sin y
x y

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Integrating w.r.t x treating y as constant,

z
sin y sin x dx f ( y) sin y cos x f ( y)
y
Integrating w.r.t y treating x as constant
z cos x sin y dy f ( y ) dy g ( x)
z cos x ( cos y ) F ( y ) g ( x),
where F ( y ) f ( y ) dy.
Thus z cos x cos y F ( y ) g ( x)
z
Also by data, 2sin y when x 0. U sin g this in (1)
y
2sin y ( sin y ).1 f ( y ) (cos 0 1)
Hence F ( y ) f ( y ) dy sin y dy cos y
With this, (2) becomes z cos x cos y cos y g ( x)

U sin g the condition that z 0 if y (2n 1) in (3) we have

2
0 cos x cos(2n 1) cos x c(2n 1) g ( x)
2 2
But cos (2n 1) 0. and hence 0 0 0 g ( x)
2
Thus the solution of the PDE is given by
z=cos x cosy + cosy

6) Solve: x 2 y2 z 2 P 2 xyq 2 xz (Jan 2015)

Solution: The given equation is of the form Pp +Qq = R.
The auxiliary equations are
dx dy dz
2 2 2
x y z 2 xy 2 xz
Taking the second and third terms we have,
dy dz dy dz
or
2 xy 2 xz y z
Integrating we get, log y = log z + log C1
Log (y/z) = logc1
Using multipliers x, y, z each ratio in (1) is equal to

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xdx y dy z dz x dx y dy z dz x dx y dy z dz
x3 xy 2 xz 2 2 xy 2 2 xz 2 x3 xy 2 xz 2 x x2 y2 z 2
Let us consider
dy xdx y dy z dz
2 xy x( x 2 y 2 z 2 )
Integrating we get , log y log ( x 2 y2 z 2 ) log c2
Thus a general solution of the PDE is given by
( y / z, y / x 2 y2 z2) 0

x
7) Solve by the method of variables 3u x 2u y 0, giventhat u ( x, 0) 4e (Jan 2015)
u u
Solution: Given 3 2 0
x x
Assume solution of (1) as
U=XY where X=X(x); Y Y ( y)
u u
3 ( xy ) 2 ( xy ) 0
x x
dX dY 3 dX 2 dY
3Y 2X 0
dx dy X dx Y dy
3 dX 3dX
Let K kdx
X dx X
Kx
3log X kx c1 log X c1
3
kx
c1
X e3
2 dY dY Kdy
Let k
Y dy Y 2

ky
Kdy 2
c2
log Y c2 Y e
2

Substituting (2) & (3) in (1)

x y
K c1 c2
3 2
U e
x
Also u ( x1o) 4e

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
2x kx
k
x 6 x 3
i.e., 4e Ae 4e Ae
Comparing we get A 4 & K 3
x y
3
3 2
U 4e is required solution.

8) Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary functions from
z = f(y-2x)+g(2y-x) (June 2014)
Solution: By data, z = f(y-2x)+g(2y-x)
z
p 2 f ( y 2 x) g (2 y x)
x
z
q f ( y 2 x) 2 g (2 y x)
y
2
z
r 4 f ( y 2 x) g (2 y x)...............(1)
x2
2
z
s 2 f ( y 2 x) 2 g (2 y x).........(2)
x y
2
z
t f ( y 2 x) 4 g (2 y x)................(3)
y2
(1) 2 (2) 2r s 6 f ( y 2 x)..............(4)
(2) 2 (3) 2 s t 3 f ( y 2 x)............(5)
Nowdividing (4) by (5) we get
2r s
2 or 2r 5s 2t 0
2s t
2 2 2
z z z
Thus 2 2 5 2 2 0 is the required PDE
x x y y

9) Solve: x 2 yz P y2 zx q z2 xy (June 2014, Dec 2013)

Solution: The given equation is of the form Pp +Qq = R.

The auxiliary equations are
dx dy dz
2 2 2
x yz y zx z xy
Equivalently we can write in the form,
dx dy dy dz dz dx
x2 y2 z x y y2 z2 x y z z 2 x2 y z x

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dx dy dy dz dz dx
i.e.,
x y x y z y z x y z z x x y z
dx dy dy dz dz dx
or ...........(1)
x y y z z x
Fromthe first and sec ond terms of (1) we have,
d x y d y z x y x y
log log c1 c1
x y y z y z y z
y z
Similarly we get c2
z x
Thus the general solution is
x y y z
, 0
y z z x
u u
11) Solve by the method of variables 4 3u, giventhat u (0, y) 2e5 y
dx y
(Jan 2015, June2014)
u u
Solution: Given 4 3u
x y
Assume solution of (1) as
u XY where X X ( x); Y Y ( y)

4 ( XY )
( XY ) 3 XY
x y
dX dY 4 dX 1 dY
4Y X 3 XY 3
dx dy X dx Y dy
4 dX 1 dY
Let k, 3 k
X dx Y dy
Separating var iables and int egrating we get
kx
log X c1 , log Y 3 k y c2
4
kx
c1
X e 4
and Y e3 k y c2

kx kx
c1 c2 3 k y 3 k y
Hence u XY e e 4
Ae 4
where A e c1 c2

put x 0 and u 2e5 y

The general solution becomes
2e5 y Ae 3 k y A 2 and k 2
Particular solution is
x
5y
u 2e 2

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
2
z z
11) 12) Solve 2
z 0 giventhat when x 0, z e y and 1 (Dec 2013)
x x

Solution: Let us suppose that z is a function of x only, the PDE assumes the form of ODE
d 2z d
2
z 0 D 2 1 z 0 where D
dx dx
A.E. m2 1 0 m i
The solution of theODE
z c1 cos x c2 sin x
z f ( y ) cos x g ( y ) sin x....(1)by replacing c1 & c2 by functions of y
Now put x 0 and z e y in (1)
ey f ( y ) cos 0 g ( y ) sin 0 e y f ( y)
z
Again put x 0 and 1
x
Differentiating (1) partially w.r.t x
z
f ( y ) sin x g ( y ) cos x 1 f ( y ) sin 0 g ( y ) cos 0
x
g ( y) 1
equation (1) becomes
z e y cos x sin x

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MODULE-4
INTEGRAL CALCULUS

12 x

1. Evaluate xy dy dx changing the order of integration. (July 2015)

0 x2

12 x
Sol : Let I xy dy dx
0 x 2

To identify the region of integration R let us find the point of intersection of the curves
y x 2 and y 2 x
x 1, x 2 and y 1, y 4
On changing the order we must have constant limits for y and variable limits for to
cover thesame region
1 y 2 2 y
I x y dx dy x y dx dy
y 0x 0 y 1x 0

1 y 2 2 y
x2 x2
y dy y dy
y 0
2 x 0 y 1
2 x 0
1 2 2
y 1
dy y (2 y) 2 dy
y 0
2 2y1
1 2
y3 1 4 y3 y4
2 y2
6 0
2 3 4 1

3
I
8
c b a
2. Evaluate x2 y2 z 2 dxdydz (Jan 2016)
c b a
c b a
2 2 z3
Solution : I x z y z dydx
c b
3 a
c b
2a 3
2ax 2 2ay 2 dydx
c b
3
c b
2 3 2a 3
2ax y 2a y / 3 y dx
c
3 b

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
c
2 3 4a 3b
4abx 4a b / 3 dx
c
3
c
3 3 4a 3b
4ab x / 3 4a b / 3 x x
3 c
3 3 3
8abc 8ab c 8a bc
3 3 3
8abc 2 2 2
a b c
3
2
z z
3) Solve Sinx sin y, for which 2sin y when x 0 and z 0
x y y
Jan 2016, July2015
when y is an odd multiple of
2

z
Sol : Sinx sin y,
x y
Integrating w.r.t x treating y as constant
z
sin y sin xdx f ( y )
y
z
sin y cos x f ( y ).........(1)
y
integrating w.r.t y treating x as constant
z - cos x( cos y ) F ( y ) g ( x) whereF ( y ) f ( y )dy
z cos x cos y F ( y ) g ( x)........(2)
by given data (1) becomes
-2siny -siny.1 f(y) f(y) -siny
hence F(y) -sinydy cosy
(2) z cos x cos y cos y g ( x)........(3)

again by data 0 cos x cos(2n 1) cos(2n 1) g ( x)

2 2
but cos(2n 1) 0, hence g ( x) 0
2
solution of given PDE is
z cos y (cos x 1)

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
1 z x z

4. Evaluate x y z dy dx dz . (July 2015)

10 x z

1 z x z
Sol : Let I x y z dy dx dz
10 x z

1 z x z
y2
I xy zy dx dz
10
2 x z
1 z
4 xz 2 z 2 dx dz
10
1
z
z (2 x 2 ) 2 z 2 (x) dz
0
1
1
4 z 3 dz
1
1
z4
1

xy dx dy
5. Evaluate R , where R is the region bounded by x- axis, the ordinate x=2a and the

parabola x2=4ay. (Jan 2016)

Sol: x2=4ay is a parabola symmetrical about the y-axis. The point of intersection of this curve

with x=2a is to be found. Hence 4a2=4ay or y=a

The point of intersection is (2a,a )

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I xy dx dy
R
x2
2a 4a
xy dy dx
x 0 y 0

x2
2a 2
y 4a
x dx
x 0
2 0

2a
1 x5
dx
2x 0
16a 2
2a
1 x6
32a 2 6 0
4
a
I
3

(x 2 y 2 )
6. Evaluate e dx dy by changing into polar coordinates. (Jan 2016)
0 0

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

7) Find the area between the parabolas y2=4ax and x2 = 4ay (July 2015)
Sol: We have y2=4ax (1) and x2 = 4ay(2).
Solving (1) and (2) we get the point of intersections (0,0) and (4a,4a) .
The shaded portion in the figure is the required area divide the arc into horizontal strips of
width y
y2
x varies from p, to Q 4ay and then y varies from O, y=0 to A, y=4a .
4a
Therefore the required area is

4a 4 ay 4a 4 ay

dy dx dy x
y2
0 y2 0
4a
4a

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
4a
3
4a
y2 y 2
1 y3
4ay dy 4a .
0
4a 3 4a 3
2 0

3
4 a 1 3
4a 2 4a
3 12a
32 2 16 2 16 2
a a a
3 3 3

8) DefineGamma function and Beta function. Prove that 1/ 2 (Jan 2016)

Sol : n e x x n 1dx, (n 0) is called Gamma function.

0
1
(m, n) x m 1 (1 x) n 1 dx, (m, n 0) is called Beta function.
0

m n
We have (m, n) , put m n 1/ 2
m n
1/ 2 1/ 2
(1/ 2,1 / 2) but 1 1
1
2
(1/ 2,1/ 2) 1/ 2
/2
nowconsider (m, n) 2 sin 2 m 1 cos 2 n 1 d
0
/2 /2
0 0
(1/ 2,1/ 2) 2 sin cos d 2 1d
0 0
2
1/ 2 1/ 2

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

m n
9) Prove that (m, n) (Jan 2016)
m n
Solution :We have by the definition of Beta and the Gamma function
/2
(m, n) 2 sin 2 m 1
cos 2 n 1
d .........(1)
0

x2
( n) 2 e x 2 n 1dx...............(2)
0

y2
( m) 2 e y 2 m 1dx.............(3)
0

2
( m n) 2 e r r2 m n 1
dx........( 4)
0

x2 y 2
(m). (n) 4 e x 2 n 1 y 2 m 1dxdy.........(5)
0 0

evaluating RHS by changing into polars put x r cos , y r sin

2 2 2
x y r , dxdy rdrd , r :0 and :0 /2
/2
r2 2n 1 2m 1
(5) (m). (n) 4 e r cos r sin rdrd
0 0
/2
r2 2m 1
4 e r 2m 2n 1
cos 2 n 1
sin drd
0 0
/2
2
2 e r r2 m n 1
dr 2 sin 2 m 1
cos 2 n 1
d
0 0

(m n). (m, n) by using (1) and (4)

m n
Thus (m, n)
m n

16 2
10) Show that the area between the parabolas y 2 4ax, and x 2 4ay is a (July 2015, Jan 2016)
3
Sol: Solving y 2 4ax and x 2 4ay we get
2
y :0 4a and x : y / 4a 4ay
4a 4 ay 4a
4 ay
required area dy dx dy x y 2 /4 a
0 y 2 /4 a 0
4a
4ay y 2 / 4a dy
0

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
4a
y 3/2 1 y3
4a
3 4a 3 0

4 a 3/2 1 3
4a 4a
3 12a
32 2 16 2
a a
3 3
16 2
a
3
11) Find the volume common to the cylinders x2+y2=a2 and x2+z2=a2 (Jan 2016)

Sol: In the given region z varies from a2 x 2 to a2 x 2 and y varies from a2 x2

to a2 x 2 .for z=0, y=0 x varies from a to a

Therefore, required volume is

a a2 x2 a2 x2
v dzdydx
x ay a2 x2 z a2 x2

a2 x2
a a2 x2
z dydx
a a 2
x 2
a 2
x 2

a a2 x2
2 a2 x 2 dydx
a a2 x2

a2 x2
a
a2 x 2 dy dx
2
a2 x2
a

a a2 x2

2 a2 x2 y dx
a a2 x2

a
2 a2 x2 2 a2 x 2 dx
a

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a a
2 2 2 x3
4 a x dx 4 a x
a
3 a
3 3
a a
4 a3 a3
3 3
2a 3 16a 3
4 2a 3
3 4
1
dx
12) Evaluate using beta and gamma function (June 2015)
0 1 x4

1
Solution: Put x 2 sin x sin dx cos d
2 sin
/2 /2 1
cos 1 2
I d sin d
02 sin 1 sin 2 0
2
1
1 4
2 2 3
4

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MODULE-5
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

2t
1. Find L e sin 3t et t cos t . (Jan 2016)
3
Sol. L sin 3t 2
s 9
2t 3
L e sin 3t 2
s 4 s 12
s
L cos t
s2 1
d s
L t cos t 1 2
ds s 1
s2 1 s (2 s )
2
s2 1

1 s2 s2 1
s2 1 s2 1
2
t s 1 1
L e t cos t 2
s 1 1
2
s 2s
2
s 2s 2
2t 3 s 2 2s
L e sin 3t e t t cos t
s2 4s 12 s 2 2s 2

4s 5
2. Find the inverse Laplace transform of 2
. (Jan 2016)
s 1 s 2

4s 5
Sol.L 1 2
s 1 s 2
4s 5 A B C
2 2
s 1 s 2 s 1 s 1 s 2

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
2
4s 5 A s 1 s 2 B s 2 C s 1
on solving , A 3, B 1, C 3
4s 5 1 1 1
L1 2
3L 1 L1 2
3L 1
s 1 s 2 s 1 s 1 s 2

t 1
3e e tL1 3e 2t

s2
t
3e e t .t 3e 2t

3. Solve y '' 6 y ' 9 y 12t 2e 3t

by Laplace transform method with y(0) = 0 =y1(0). (Jan 2016)

Sol. y ''(t) 6 y '(t) 9 y (t) 12t 2e 3t

L y ''(t) 6 L y '(t) 9 L y (t) 12 L e 3t t 2

12 2!
s 2 L y (t) sy (0) y '(0) 6 sL y (t) y (0) 9 L y (t) 3
s 3
using given initial conditions we obtain,
24
s 2 6s 9 L y (t) 3
s 3
24
L y (t) 5
s 3

24
y (t) L1 5
s 3

3t 1 t4
y (t) 24 e L1 5
24 e 3t

s 4!
3t
y (t) e t4

cos t , 0 t
4. Exp ress f (t ) 1 , t 2 in terms of unit step function and hence find its Laplace
sin t , t 2
transform . (Jan 2016)

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

sol : f (t ) cos t (1 cos t )u (t ) (sin t 1)u (t 2 )

L{ f (t )} L {cos}t L{(1 cos t )u (t )} L{(sin t 1)u (t 2 )}.....(1)
Let F (t ) 1 cos t ; G (t 2 ) sin t 1
F (t ) 1 cos(t ) ; G (t ) sin(t 2 ) 1
F (t ) 1 cos t ; G (t ) sin t 1
1 s 1 1
F ( s) 2
; G ( s) 2
s s 1 s 1 s
s
L[ F (t )u (t )] e F ( s )
2 s
L[G (t 2 )u (t 2 )] e G(s)
s 1 s
L[(1 cos t ) u (t )] e 2
s s 1
2 s 1 1
L[(sint 1)u (t 2 )] e 2
s 1 s
equ (1) becomes
s s 1 s 2 s 1 1
L{ f (t )} 2
e 2
e 2
s 1 s s 1 s 1 s

5. Solve y '' 6 y ' 9 y 12t 2e 3t

by Laplace transform method with y(0) = 0 =y1(0). (Jan 2016)
Sol. y ''(t) 6 y '(t) 9 y (t) 12t 2e 3t

L y ''(t) 6 L y '(t) 9 L y (t) 12 L e 3t t 2

12 2!
s 2 L y (t) sy (0) y '(0) 6 sL y (t) y (0) 9 L y (t) 3
s 3
using given initial conditions we obtain,
24
s 2 6s 9 L y (t) 3
s 3
24
L y (t) 5
s 3

24
y (t) L1 5
s 3

3t 1 t4
y (t) 24 e L1 5
24 e 3t

s 4!
3t
y (t) e t4

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

cos at cos bt
6. Find L (Jan 2016)
t
Sol : Let f (t ) cosat cosbt
s s
f ( s) 2 2
s a s b2
2

f (t ) s s
hence L ds
t s
s a2
2
s 2
b2
cosat cosbt 1
L log( s 2 a 2 ) log( s 2 b 2 )
t 2 s

1 log( s 2 a 2 )
2 log( s 2 b 2 ) s
2
1 1 a 2 (s 2 a2 )
lim log s log
2
2 s
1 b 2 (s 2 b2 )
s
1 (s 2 a2 )
log1 log
2 (s 2 b2 )
1 (s 2 b2 )
log
2 (s 2 a2 )

cosat cosbt (s 2 b2 )
L log .
t (s 2 a2 )
4t eat e at
7. Find the Laplace transform of te sin 3t and (July 2015)
t
3 4t 3 3
Sol :(i) L(sin 3t ) 2
L(te sin 3t ) 2 2
s 9 s 4 9 s 8s 25

4t d 3 3(2s 8)
Hence L(te sin 3t ) 2 2
ds s 8s 25 s 2 8s 25
4t 6( s 4)
thus L(te sin 3t ) 2
s 2 8s 25
(ii ) Let f (t ) e at e at

1 1
L{ f (t )} L(eat ) L(e at ) F ( s)
s a s a

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

eat e at
1 1
L ds log(s a) log(s a) s
t s
s a s a
s a s a
lim log log
s s a s a
a
1
s s a
lim log log
s a s a
1
s
s a
log
s a

8. Express f(t) in terms of unit step function and find its Laplace transform given that
t2 ,0 t 2
f (t ) t 4t , 2 t 4 (July 2015)
8 ,t 4

Sol : f (t ) f1 (t) f 2 (t) f1 (t) u (t a) f 3 (t) f 2 (t) u (t b)

t2 4t t 2 u (t 2) 8 4t u (t 4)

L{ f (t )} L{t 2 } L 4t t 2 u (t 2) L 8 4t u (t 4) .....(1)
Let F1 (t 2) 4t t 2
2
F1 (t) 4(t 2) t 2
4t 8 t 2 4t 4
t2 4
4 2
L{F1 (t )}
s s3
4 2
L 4t t 2 u (t 2) e 2s
........(2)
s s3

Let F2 (t 4) 8 4t
F2 (t) 8 4 t 4 4t 8
4s 4 8
L 8 4t u (t 4) e
s2 s 4 8
L{F2 (t )}
4e 4s 1 2
......(3) s2 s
s2 s
substituting (3) and (2)in (1)
2! 4 2 1 2
Department
L{ f (t )} of Mathematics,
3
e 2s SJBIT
3
4e 4s
Page 48
s s s s2 s
 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

1
9. Find L 1 using convolution theorem. (July 2015)
s 1 s2 9

1 1
Sol : Let F ( s ) and G ( s ) 2
s 1 s 9
1
f (t ) L 1 F ( s ) L1 e t

s 1
1 1
g (t ) L 1 G( s) L1 2
sin 3t
s 9 3
1
L1 L 1 F ( s ) G( s ) f (t ) * g (t )
s 1 s2 9
t t
t u 1
f (t u )g (u ) du e .sin 3udu
0 0
3
t t
1 t u 1 t eu (sin 3u 3cos 3u )
e e sin 3udu e
3 0
3 5 0

1 t t
e e (sin 3t 3cos 3t ) 3
15
1
sin 3t 3cos 3t 3e t
15

t ,0 t 1
10. A periodic function f(t) with period 2 is defined by f (t ) find L{f(t)}
2 t ,1 t 2

(July 2015)
T
1 st
Sol :We haveT 2 and L f (t ) sT
e f (t )dt
1 e 0
2
1 st
L f (t ) sT
e f (t )dt
1 e 0
1 2
1 st
2s
te dt 2 t e st dt
1 e 0 1

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st 1 2
1 e e st e st
e st
2s
t. (1) 2 2 t . ( 1) 2
1 e s s 0
s s 1

1 s 2s
2 2s
2e 1 e
s 1 e
2
s
1 e
s2 1 e s
1 e s

s
1 e e as /2 e as /2
L f (t )
s2 1 e s
s 2 e as /2 e as /2
2sinh(as / 2) 1
L f (t ) 2
tanh(as / 2)
s .2 cosh(as / 2) s2

5s 2 1
11. Find L 1 2
log 2 1 (July 2015)
3s 4 s 8 s

5s 2 1 5s 2 1
Sol : L 1 2
log 2 1 L1 2
L 1 log 1 ...(1)
3s 4s 8 s 3s 4s 8 s2
5s 2
L1 2
,
3s 4s 8
2
2 2 4 8 2 20
consider 3s 4s 8 3 s s 3 s
3 3 3 9
2 16
5s 2 5 s
3 3

2 16
5 s
5s 2 1 1 3 3
L1 2
L 2
3s 4 s 8 3 2 20
s
3 9

2t
3
e s 16 1 1
5L 1 2
L 2
3 20 3 20
2 2
s s
3 3
2t
3
e 20 16 20
5cos t sin t .....(2)
3 3 20 3

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

1 s2
f ( s) log log(1 s 2 ) 2 log s
s2
1 s
f '( s ) 2 2
s s 1
1 s
L1 f '( s ) 2L 1 2
s s 1
2(1 cosh t )
f (t ) ........(3)
t
2t
3
5s 2 1 e 20 16 20 2(1 cosh t )
(1) L1 2
log 2 1 5cos t sin t
3s 4s 8 s 3 3 20 3 t

d2y dy
12. Solve using Laplace transform method 2 y te t with y (0) 1, y '(0) 2
dt 2 dt
(July 2015)
t
Sol : y ''(t) 2 y '(t) y (t) te
L y ''(t) 2 L y '(t) L y (t) L e tt
1
s 2 L y (t) sy (0) y '(0) 2 sL y (t) y (0) L y (t) 2
s 1
using given initial conditions we obtain,
1
s 2 2s 1 L y (t) s 2 2 2
s 1
2 1
s 1 L y (t) s 2
s 1

s 1
L y (t) 2 4
s 1 s 1
s 1 1 1
y (t) 2 2 4
s 1 s 1 s 1

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

t 1 1 1
e L1 L1 L1
s s2 s4
t t3
y (t) e 1 t
6

13) Find L t (sin 3 t cos3 t ) (Jan 2015)

1 1
sin 3 t cos3 t (3sin t sin 3t ) (3cos t cos3t )
Solution: 4 4
1 3 3 1 3s s
L(sin 3 t cos3 t ) 2 2 2 2
4 s 1 s 9 4 s 1 s 9
d
U sin g the property : L tf (t ) f ( s) we have,
ds
3 2s 2s 1 ( s 2 1) 2s 2 ( s 2 9) 2s 2
L t (sin 3 t cos3 t ) 3.
4 ( s 1)2
2
( s 9) 2
2
4 ( s 2 1)2 ( s 2 9) 2

Thus
3 3 3s 1 1 1 (1 s 2 ) 9 s2
L t (sin t cos t ) 3.
2 ( s 1) 2
2
( s 2 9) 2 4 ( s 2 1) 2 ( s 2 9) 2

14) Express f(t) in terms of unit step function and hence find the Laplace transform
t2 0 t 2
given that f (t ) 4t 2 t 4 (Jan 2015)
8 t 4
Solution: f (t ) t 2 (4t t 2 )u (t 2) (8 4t ) (t 4)
L f (t ) L t2 L (4t t 2 )u (t 2) L (8 4t ) (t 4)
2
e 2 s L 4(t 2) (t 2) 2 e 4 s L 8 4 (t 4)
s3
2
e 2 s L t 2 4 e 4 s L 4t 8
s3
2 4 2 4 8
3
e 2s 3
e 4s 2
s s s s s

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

3 t
15) Find the value of t e sin tdt using Laplace transforms (Jan 2015)
0

Solution: We have

3 d3 d3 1
e st t 3 sin tdt L(t 3 sin t ) 1 L sin t
0
ds 3 3 2
ds s 1
2
d2 2s d s 2 1 .2 2 s.2 s 2 1
2 4
ds 2 s2 1 ds s2 1
3 2
d 2s 2 2s s 2 1 (4 s 2) 2 s 2 2 s .3 s 2 1
ds s 2 1 3 s2 1
6

4 s 3 8s 2 8s 2
4
s2 1

Putting s = 1 in this result, we get

1
e t t 3 sin tdt
0
8

This is the result as required.

t, 0 t
16) Find Laplace transform of a periodic function f (t ) (Jan 2015)
t, t 2

Solution: Here T = 2 . Therefore

2
1 st
L f (t ) e f (t )dt
1 e2 s
0

2
1 st
= te dt ( t )e st dt
1 e2 s
0

2
st st st st
1 e e e e
1 e2 s t t 1
s s2 0
s s2

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
s
1 e e s 1 e s
e 2 s
e s
1 e2 s
s s2 s2 s s2 s2
s 2 s
1 2 s s 1 2e e
e e
1 e2 s
s s2
as
17) Prove that L (t a ) e (June 2014)

Solution: We shall first find the Laplace transform of (t a)

st
L (t a ) e (t a )dt
0
a a
st st st
e (t a)dt e (t a )dt e (t a )dt
0 a a
a
st 1
i.e., L (t a) e dt , by u sin g definition
a

st a
1 e 1 s(a ) as
e e
s a
s
s
as 1 e
L (t a ) e
s
But L (t a ) L lim (t a) lim L (t a)
0 0
s
as 1 e as
e lim e ( By applying L ' Hospital ' s rule)
0 s

t, 0 t a E as
18) If f (t ) , where f (t 2a) f (t ), showthat L f (t ) tanh
2a t , a t 2a s 2

(June 2014)
2a
1 st
Solution: Here T = 2 a. Therefore L f (t ) e f (t )dt
1 e 2 as 0

a 2a
1 st
= te dt (2a t )e st dt
1 e 2as 0 a

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
a 2a
st st st st
1 e e e e
1 e 2 as
t 2a t 1
s s2 0
s s2 a

as
1 ae e as 1 e 2 as
ae as e as
1 e 2 as s s2 s2 s2 s s2
1 as 2 as (1 e as ) 2
2 2 as
1 2e e
s 1 e s 2 1 e as 1 e as

(1 e as ) (eas /2 e as /2 )
( multiplied Nr.& Dr by e as /2 )
s 2 1 e as 2
s e as /2
e as /2

2sinh(as / 2) 1
L f (t ) 2
tanh(as / 2)
s .2 cosh(as / 2) s2
1, 0 t 1
19) Express f (t ) t, 1 t 2 int erms of unit step function and hence find its
t2, t 2
Laplacetransform (June 2014)

2
Solution: f (t ) 1 (t 1)u (t 1) (t t )u (t 2)

L f (t ) L 1 L (t 1)u (t 1) L (t 2 t )u (t 2)
1
e s L t e 2 s L t 2 3t 2
s
1 1 2 3 2
e s 2 e 2s 3
s s s s2 s
1 2
20) Find the inverse Laplace transform of tan (2 / s ) (June 2014)

Solution: Let f ( s) tan 1 (2 / s 2 )

1 4 4s
f ( s) 4
. 3
1 4
tan (4 / s ) s s 4
4s
Hence L 1 f (s) L1 4
s 4
4s
tf (t ) L1 4
s 4

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

Now s 4 4 ( s 2 2) 2 4s 2 ( s 2 2 2s) ( s 2 2 2s)

Also 4s ( s 2 2 2s ) ( s 2 2 2s )
4s ( s 2 2 2s) ( s 2 2 2s)
Hence
s4 4 ( s 2 2 2s) ( s 2 2 2s)
1 1
2 2
s 2 2s s 2 2s
4s 1 1
L1 4
L1 2
L1 2
s 4 s 2s 2 s 2s 2
U sin g (1) in L.H .S we have,
1 1
tf (t ) L 1 L1
( s 1) 2 1 ( s 1) 2 1
1 1
tf (t ) et L 1 2
e tL 1 2
s 1 s 1
tf (t ) et sin t e t sin t sin t (et e t)
tf (t ) sont.2sinh t
2sin t sin h t
f (t )
t
S
21) Find L 1 using convolution theorem (June 2014)
( s 1)(s 2 4)
Solution:

S
L1 using convolution theorem.
( s 1)( s 2 4)
1 s
F(s) = c1 ( s) 2
then
s-1 (s 4)
f (t ) L 1 F ( s ) e t
and g (t ) L 1 G ( s ) cos 2t
S
L1 L 1 F (s) G(s) f (t )* g (t )
( s 1)( s 2 4)
t t
f (t u ) g (u )du et u cos 2u du
0 0
t
et e u cos 2u du
0

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

u t
t e
e ( 1) cos 2u 2sin 2u
12 22 0
t
e
e t (2sin 2t cos 2t ) 1
5
1
(2sin 2t cos 2t e t )
5

22) Solve the following initial value problem by using Laplace transforms:
d2y dy
2
4 4 y e t ; y (0) 0, y (0) 0
dt dt
(Dec 2013)
t
Solution: The given equation is y (t ) 4 y (t ) 4 y (t ) e
Taking Laplace transform on both sides we have,
1
L y (t ) 4 L y (t ) 4 L y (t ) L e
1
s 2 L y (t ) sy (0) y (0) 4 sL y (t ) y (0)) 4 L y (t )
s 1
using the given initial conditions we obtain,
1
L y (t ) s 2 4s 4
s 1
1
y (t ) L 1
( s 1)( s 2) 2
1 A B C
Let 2
( s 1)( s 2) 2 s 1 s 2 s 2
Multiplying with ( s 1) ( s 2) 2 we obtain

1 A ( s 2) 2 B ( s 1) ( s 2) C ( s 1)

Putting s 1 we get A 1

Putting s 2 we get C 1
Putting s 0 we have 1 1(4) B(2) 1(1) B 1
1 1 1 1
Hence
( s 1)( s 2) 2
s 1 s 2 s 22

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1 1 1 1
L1 L1 L1 L1 2
( s 1)( s 2) 2 s 1 s 2 s 2
t 2t 2t 1
y (t ) e e e L1
s2
t 2t
Thus y (t ) e e e 2t t e t
(1 t ) e 2t

1 5s 3
23) Find L L
s 1 s 2 2s 5
(Dec 2013)

5s 3 A Bs C
Solution: = 2
s 1 s 2 2s 5 s 1 s 2s 5

5s 3 A s2 2s 5 ( Bs C )( s 1) put s 1 and s 0 we get A 1, C 2, B 1

5s 3 1 3 ( s 1)
s 1 s 2 2s 5 s 1 s 1
2
4
5s 3 1 3 s 1
Thus L 1 L1 L1
s 1 s 2 2s 5 s 1 s 1
2
4

1 s
et e tL 1 3 s
et e t
3L 1 2
L1 2
s2 4 s 4 s 4

5s 3 3
L1 et e t
. sin 2t cos 2t
s 1 s 2 2s 5 2

1 s2
24) U sin g convolution theorem evaluateL
s2 a2 s2 a2
(Dec 2013)

Solution : f (t ) L 1
f (s) cos at ; g (t ) L 1 g (s) cos bt

Now applying convolution theorem we have,

t
s2
L1 cos au.cos(bt bu )du
s2 a2 s2 a2 u 0

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21
t t
1
f (t ) g (t ) cos(au bt bu ) cos(au bt bu )du
2u 0 u 0
t
1 sin(au bt bu ) sin(au bt bu )
2 a b a b u 0

1 1 1
sin at sin bt sin at sin bt
2 a b a b
1 2a 2b
sin at. 2 2 sin bt.
2 a b a b2
2

1 a b s2
Thus L f (t ) g (t ) a. b. f ( s).g ( s)
a2 b2 s2 a2 s2 b2 s2 a2 s2 a2

s2 a sin at b sin bt
Thus L 1
s 2
a 2
s 2
b 2
a 2 b2

'''
25) Solve y 2 y '' y ' 2 y 0 given y(0) y' (0) 0 and y'' (0) 6 by u sin g

Laplace transform method

(Dec 2013)
''' '' '
Solution: Taking laplace on both sides L [ y (t )] L[2 y (t )] L[ y (t )] 2 L[ y (t )] l (0)

s 3 l[ y (t ) s 2 y (0) sy ' (0) y '' (0) 2 s 2 Ly (t ) sy (0) y' (0) sL[ y(t ) y (0 2 L[ y (t )] 0

U sin g initial conditions we have

6
Ly (t )
s 2 s 1 s 1
6
y (t ) L1
s 2 s 1 s 1
6 A B C
s 2 s 1 s 1 s 2 s 1 s 1

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 Engineering Mathematics II 15MAT21

solving we get A 2, B 1, C 3
6 2 1 3
s 2 s 1 s 1 s 2 s 1 s 1
6 1 1 1
L1 2L 1 L1 3L 1
s 2 s 1 s 1 s 2 s 1 s 1
2t
y (t ) 2e et 3e t

7) Solve the initial value problem (D3 3D 2 3D 1) y 2t 2 et , y (0) 1, y '(0) 0, y "(0) 2

Solution : Taking the laplace transform of the given equation, we get

2
s3 y s 2 y (0) sy '(0) y "(0) 3 s 2 y sy(0) y '(0) 3 sy y(0) y 2. 3
s 1

4
U sin g given conditions we get s 3 3s 2 3s 1 y (s 2 3s 1) 3
s 1
3 4
s 1 y (s 2 3s 1) 3
s 1
2
(s 2 3s 1) 4 s 1 ( s 1) 1 4
y 3 6 3 6
s 1 s 1 s 1 s 1
taking laplace transform we get
1 2 1 5
y et 1 t t t
2 30

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