Grammar Unit 1 10 Teacher : Mohamed ELKADAOUI MoroccoEnglish.

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Gerunds and Infinitives

Infintive : to+ verb / Gerund : Verb+ing

Past Perfect
 Phrasal Verbs

1. The new book is coming out next month. ( come out : to be published/announced ..)
2. They were talking for 2 hours, yet they couldnt come up with with a solution .
( come up with : think of an idea/solution )
3. When I was working on my computer, I came across with an old picture of me.
( come across : find by chance )
4. The street child went through a difficult time at home. ( go through : experience )
5. I am thinking to set up a company after receiving my diploma.
( set up: start a business )
6. Look the word up, if you dont understand it.
( Look up : find information or a meaning in dictionary )
7. I will apply for a job after I graduate. ( apply for: make request for )
8. They made up an excuse for being absent. ( make up : invent a story or lie )
9. Chemical materials bring about pollution. ( bring about : make happen /cause )
10.John picked up some Arabic words when he was in Morocco.
( pick up: Learn something without defficulty )
11.He got into the stadium without a ticket. ( get into : enter )
12.She looks down anyone who hasnt had a university education.
( look down: to think you are better or more important than others)
13.Im sorry, I cant come. I should look after my little brother. ( look after : take care of)
14.He takes after his father. He looks like him. ( take after: look like )
15.Could you put me up when I come to Bouarfa. ( Allow someone to stay in your house)
 Phrasal Explanation Examples
Verbs
apply for ask for, demand (job / grant / To apply for the job, you need to write an
license) application letter.
break down cease to work correctly (physical / My computer broke down yesterday.
mental)
break into enter by force Some burglars broke into the bank last night.
bring about cause to happen Laziness brings about failure.
calm down relax Try to calm down before the interview.
carry on continue You should carry on with your project.
check on look at, inspect He sent someone to check on the children.
come in enter The door is open; come in!
come back return They will have come back from Fes by this
afternoon.
come across meet by chance I came across an old photo of mine.
cut down reduce You'd better cut down on your fat intake.
eat out eat outside the house (at a restaurant) On Sundays, they always eat out.
fall for fall in love She falls for him.
fill in complete (a form) You have to fill in the form before e-mailing it.
find out discover Nobody has found out who changed my
password yet.
give in surrender, stop trying She shouldn't give in now that she has almost
achieved success.
give up stop / surrender He must give up smoking before it is too late.
go on continue When you finish this exercise go on to the
next.
go through experience / endure I went through hard times when I was abroad.
grow up become older / mature Girls grow up faster than boys.
hand in give back (papers) When I had finished the test, I handed in my
paper and left.
hand out distribute The teacher handed out the test sheets at 8:00
sharp
jot down write down (ideas) He advised us to jot down ideas before writing.
keep up with cope with It is hard to keep up with the rapid change of
technology.
let down disappoint Be sure that your parents will never let you
down.
lie down relax, rest It is normal to lie down after hard work.
look after take care of Leila is looking after her grand mother pretty
well.
look at examine The doctors are looking at the patient right
now.
look down despise, see as inferior Don't look down on anyone, they may be better
on than you are.
look for search I looked for my keys in the drawer but they
weren't there.
look foward long for I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
to
look into examine, investigate They are looking into the matter.
look out be careful, pay attention Look out! our dog has got 42 teeth.
look up search in a dictionary/list/phonebook I was looking up your phone number when you
phoned me.
make up invent (pretext/story) Don't believe her; she likes to make up stories.
pass away die My mother passed away in February 2003.
pick up collect Children can pick up foreign languages easier
than adults.
put on wear She put her jacket on and went out hurriedly.
put off postpone I was informed that the meeting was put off
until next week.
put up accomodate They needn't book a room at the hotel; we can
put them up.
put up with tolerate She can't put up with those nosy children.
run into meet by chance Our project may run into financial problems
sooner or later.
set off depart He didn't wait to st off for France when he got
a visa.
stand by wait Please, stand by we are checking your
password.
stand for represent U.N. stands for United Nations.
set up build, establish They are trying to set up their own business.
take after resemble She greatly takes after her aunt.
take care of look after They took care of the children when we were
out.
take off leave the ground (plane) When your plane landed, ours took off.
take off # put on (clothes) Due to the hot weather, all the boys took off
their jackets.
take up begin a new (a hobby / lessons) My grandmother takes up Karate.
tell off criticize severely He told his sister off as he knew she meddled
with his affairs.
turn down refuse, reject She was turned down because of age.
turn off stop the function of (TV, Radio) Don't forget to turn off the TV before you go to
bed.
write down record The students wrote down all the teacher's
instructions.
 Passive Voice

Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice

Present Simple Americans Speak English English is spoken by Americans
Present continuous The chef is preparing the dinner The dinner is being prepared by the chef
Simple Past Da vinci painted Mona Lisa Mona Lisa was painted by Da vinci
Past Continuous He was driving the car The car was being driven by him
The a new A new by the
Present perfect government has built has been built
hospital hospital government
Object Subject
Subject doing The action Subject doing
receiving receiving Action
the action (verb) the action
the action action
RULES Object To be ( given
Subject Verb object (passive tense) + verb in By+ Subject
subject) past participle
Will Muslims will regain Palestine Palestine Will be + regained by Muslims
Must/should/can Students must do homework The dinner Must be + done by students
Going to Are going to be + by some
Some friends are going to visit you You
visited friends

Exercise 1: Write the following sentences in the Passive voice:

1. People admired YOUR LAST BOOK. 3. Someone has stolen MY CAR.
Your last book was admired . My car has been stolen
2. Someone is knocking at THE DOOR. 4. They bought US sandwiches.
The door is being knocked at we were bought sandwiches

Passive voice with the verbs :

Say / Think / Believe / Know /perceiev / assume / show / consider / expect/ report / .
For example : Passive voice of this sentence : People say that mobile phones are harmful to children Can be in
two forms

Active Passive
People say that mobile phones are harmful to children. 1.Mobile phones are said to be harmful to children /
2.it is said that mobile phone are harmful to children .

Future Perfect
My dream is to become a doctor in the future 4. So, in 9 years time Ill have become a
inshallah. I want to help the poor people. Before I certified doctor and practice my dream job.
fulfil this ultimate dream, I have to achieve these
goals: Form: Subject + will + have + Past participle .
1. By July 2017, Ill have got my baccaluareate
degree with distinction. Use : We use Future Perfect to show that an action will
2. By 2024, Ill have finished my studies at be completed at or before a specific time in the future.
Medical school.
3. By 2026, Ill have finished my intership. Adverbials used with Future perfect:
By Sunday by the end of the year - By 2017 - By 6 p.m. 2. The baker's shop (close) will have closed by
- By this evening - Before Monday - In ten years time/in 9 p.m. time.
two months time ... 3. By the end of the year I (read) will have
Exercise : read three of Shakespeare's plays.
write the verbs in Future Perfect
1. By half-past seven we (have) will have had
dinner.
Conditional type 3
Reported Speech
Reporting Functions:
Reporting Questions:

Relative Clauses