2010-MMEP Res-Millwright PDF

Martins Marine Engineering Page www.dieselduck.
net
Industrial Mechanic / Millwright Study Notes and Review
Questions and Answers, and various useful notes, to help you study for the
Interprovincial Examination for Industrial / Millwright / Industrial Mechanic. It is also a
great resource for your shipboard engineering knowledge.
Section Description:
1. Hoisting and Rigging

2. Determining Load Weights
3. Installation of Wire Rope Clips
4. Hydraulics and Pumps
5. Bearings
6. Cleaning & Inspection of Bearings
7. Pneumatics & Compressors
8. Conveyors
9. Drives
10. Drive Formulas
11. Rules for Gearing Calculations
12. Roller Chain Speed
13. Chain Definitions
14. Standard Roller Chain Numbers
15. Metallurgy
16. Lubrication
17. Fabrication
18. Welding
19. Gauge - - - - Sheet Metal
20. Hand Tools
21. Power Tools
22. Standard Tapers
23. Thread Terminology
24. Screw Thread Classes to Fit
25. Keys
26. Layout
27. Formula For Cement
28. Basic Steps Of Lifting And Handeling
29. Metric System
30. Combination Set
31. Multipliers That Are Usefull To The Trade
Source : PV-T May 2010 Page 1 of 53

Martins Marine Engineering Page www.dieselduck.net
RIGGING
1. THE LAY OF THE ROPE MEANS THE
ANS. DIRECTION THE WIRES AND STRANDS ROTATE
2. DEFECTIVE RIGGING COMPONENTS SHOULD BE

ANS. DESTROYED
3. INSPECTION OF RIGGING EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE MADE

ANS. AS OFTEN AS NECESSARY FOR SAFE OPERATION
4. THE MINIMUM ECCEPTABLE FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR WIRE ROPE IS

ANS. 5.1
5. A GOOD RULE OF THUMB FOR CALCULATING THE SAFE WORKING LOAD (S.W.L.) FOR WIRE ROPE IS
ANS. DIA. X DIA. X 8 = TONS
6. THE DIAMETER OF A WIRE ROPE IS MEASURED BY THE

ANS. DIAMETER OF THE CIRCLE THAT CAN ENCLOSE ALL STRANDS
7. IF A WIRE ROPE HAS A CATALOUGE BREAKING STRENGTH OF 10.4 TONS, THE MAX. WORKING LOAD IS
ANS. 2.08
8. THE SAFE WORKING LOAD FOR A DIA. STEEL WIRE ROPE IS

ANS. 2 TONS
9. BEFORE YOU MOVE AN OBJECT, YOU NEED TO KNOW ITS

ANS. WEIGHT
10. PULLEYS IN A BLOCK ARE CALLED

ANS. SHEAVES
11. WHAT MUST YOU KNOW ABOUT A ROPE TO PREVENT OVERLOADING

ANS. ITS BREAKING STRENGTH, THE SAFETY FACTOR AND ITS SAFE WORKING LOAD
12. WHICH TYPEE OF SPLICE INCREASES THE ROPES DIAMETER

ANS. SHORT SPLICE
13. A TEMPORARY FASTENING OF A ROPE TO A RING, POLE OR HOOK IS CALLED

ANS. HITCH
14. THE BRIDGE CRANE AND THE HALF GANTRY CRANE ARE VARIATIONS OF THE
ANS. GANTRY CRANE
15. WHAT TERM DIFINES THE LENGTH OF A CHAIN SLING

ANS. REACH
16. THE CAPACITY OF SLINGS IS EXPRESSED IN

ANS. POUNDS
17. THE SLING TIGHTENS ON THE LOAD AS STRAIN IS PUT ON IT IN WHICH SLING HITCH
ANS. CHOKER
18. MANILLA ROPE IS MADE FROM WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS

ANS. PLANT FIBRES
19. THE IDEAL MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE OF A SIMPLE TACKLE SYSTEM EQUALS THE NUMBER OF PARTS OF
ROPES (OR FALLS)
ANS. AT THE MOVABLE BLOCK
20. WHEN COMPARED TO MANILLA SLINGS, SYNTHECTIC SLINGS ARE

ANS. STRONGER
21. WHAT SHOULD YOU LOOK FOR WHEN INSPECTING FIBRE ROPE SLINGS
ANS. DETERIORATION DUE TO EXPOSURE, BROKEN OR CUT FIBRE, AND PROPER SPLICING
22. WHEN USING CHAIN SLINGS, WHICH PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN

ANS. AVOID SUDDEN JERKS, AVOID TWISTING AND KINKS, AND PROTECT THE CHAIN FROM SHARP CORNERS.
23. WHAT IS MEANT BY WHIPPING?

ANS. FIXING THE END OF A ROPE SO THAT THE STRANDS WILL NOT UNRAVEL WHAT TYPE OF SPLICE IS USED TO
FASTEN A ROPE TO A HOOK OR RING
24. WHAT TYPE OF SPLICE IS USED TO FASTEN A ROPE TO A HOOK OR RING

ANS. EYE
25. WHEN UNWINDING WIRE RIOE FRON A REEL BE SURE THET THE REEL
ANS. TURNS
26. WIRE ROPE THET HAS ITS STRANDS AND WIRES WOUND IN THE SAME DIRECTION
ANS. LANG LAY WIRE ROPE
27. WHEN INSTALLING U BOLT CLIPS ON A WIRE ROPE THE U OF THE CLIP SHOULD BEAR AGAINST THE
ANS. DEAD END OF THE WIRE ROPE
28. IF A U BOLT CLIP IS INSTALLED PROPERLY IT WILL PROVIDE WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE WIRE ROPE
STRENGTH
ANS. 80%
29. U BOLT CLIPS SHOULD BE SPACED APPROXIMATELY

ANS. 6 WIRE ROPE DIAMETERS APART
30. HOW FAR SHOULD THE BASE OF A STRAIGHT LADDER BE PLACED FROM THE SUPPORTING WALL
ANS. OF ITS WORKING LENGTH
31. MAKE SURE THAT SCAFFOLD PLANKING DOES NOT EXTEND MORE THAN INCHES FROM CENTRE OF THE
SUPPORT BUT DOES EXTEND AT LEAST
ANS. 6 INCHES BEYOND THE CENTRE OF SUPPORT
32. GUY WIRES GIVE THE MOST SUPPORT WHEN THAT ARE POSITIONED AT AN ANGLE FROM VERTICAL OF
ANS. 458
33. THE FASTENING OF ONE PART OF A ROPE TO ANOTHER PART OF THE SAME ROPE BY INTERLACING THEM
AND DRAWING THE LOOPS TIGHT IS CALLED
ANS. KNOT
34. CRANE SIGNALS _ _ _ WHIP AND RAISE LOAD

ANS. 1. TOUCH THE ELBOW IF THE SIGNAL APPLIES TO THE RUNNER
2. HOIST FORARM VERTICAL, MAKE SMALL HORIZONTAL CIRCLES
35. WHICH HAS MORE LIFTING CAPACITY A CHOKER OR BASKET SLING

ANS. A CHOKER SLING HAS ABOUT 75% OF THE LIFTING CAPACITY OF A SINGLE SLING, WHILE A BASKET SLING
HAS TWICE THE LIFTING CAPACITY
36. IDENTIFY 1. SQUARE KNOT, 2. TIMBER HITCH

ANS. KNOW YOUR KNOTS
37. REASON FOR CHOPPING OFF DEAD END CABLE FROM CRANE DRUM
ANS. SHORT ENDS OD WIRE WILL FLY AROUND, CREATING A HAZARD
38. SAFE LIFTING ANGLES USING CHAINS AND SLINGS

ANS. AS THE LEG ANGLES DECREASE FROM 908 DEGREES TO 308 THE SAFE WORKING LOAD DECREASES BY 50%

DETERMINING LOAD WEIGHTS
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT STEPS IN ANY RIGGING OPERATION IS TO KNOW THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD TO BE
HOISTED.
IF THIS INFORMATION CANNOT BE OBTAINED FROM BLUEPRINTS, SHIPPING PAPERS OR FROM ANY SOURCE, IT MAY
BE NECESSARY TO CALCULATE THE WEIGHT
EXAMPLE:
FIND THE VOLUME OF A RECTANGULAR STEEL PLATE, 6 FT. LONG AND 3 FT. WIDE AND 1 INCH THICK
6 FT. X 3FT. = 18 SQ. FT.
VOLUME = 18 SQ. FT. X 1/12 = 1.5 CU. FT.
STEEL PLATE IS 490 LBS. PER CU. FT.
OR
THE SINGLE WEIGHT IS 40.8 LBS., WHICH IS THE WEIGHT OF 1 SQ. FT. OF STEEL 1 INCH THICK WEIGHT IF STEEL PLATE
IS 18 SQ. FT. X 40.8 = 734 LBS.
OR
40.8 LBS. IS TYE WEIGHT OF 1 SQ. FT. OF STEEL 1 INCH THICK
1/8 THICK BY 1 SQ. FT. WOULD WEIGH 40.8 48 = 5.1
THERE ARE 8, 1/8TH INCH 1 INCH THICK.
RULE OF THUMB - SAFE WORKING LOADS OF THE MOST MAXIMUM SAFE WORKING LOAD
COMMON WIRE ROPE USED TO COMPUTE IN TONS A TYPE ALLOY STEEL CHAIN
SINGLE VERTICLE SLING
SWL = ROPE DIAMETER X ROPE DIAMETER X 8
EXAMPLES: CHAIN SIZE CAPACITY

(INCHES) (POUNDS)
A) INCH DIAMETER ROPE 3,250

SWL = X X 8 = 2 TONS 3/8 6,600
11,250
B) 5/8 INCH DIAMETER ROPE 5/8 16,500
SWL = 5/5 X 5/8 X 8 = 3.125 TONS 23,000
7/8 28,750
C) 1 INCH DIAMETER ROPE 1 38,750
SWL X 1 X 1 X 8 = 8 TONS 1 1/8 44,500
1 57,500
1 3/8 67,000
1 80,000
1 100,000

INSTALLATION OF WIRE ROPE CLIPS
ROPE DIAMETER MINIMUM NO. OF AMOUNT OF ROPE TORQUE IN FOOT-

(INCHES) CLIPS TURN BACK FROM POUNDS UN-LUB-
THIMBLE (INCHES) RICATED BOLTS
1/8 2 3 -
3/16 2 3 -
2 4 15
5/16 2 5 30
3/8 2 6 45
7/16 2 7 65
3 11 65
9/16 3 12 95
5/8 3 12 95
4 18 130
7/8 4 19 225
1 5 26 225
1 1/8 6 34 225
1 6 37 360
1 3/8 7 44 360
1 7 48 360
1 5/8 7 51 430
1 7 53 590
2 8 71 750
2 8 73 750
2 9 84 750
2 10 100 750
3 10 106 1200
HYDRAULICS AND PUMPS

1. DEMULSIBILITY IS THE ABILITY OF THE OIL TO
ANS. SEPARATE FROM WATER
2. WHEN OXIDATION OF AN OIL TAKES PLACE

ANS. SLUDGE IS FORMED
3. HYDRAULIC OPIL USED IN LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICES SHOULD HAVE LOW

ANS. POUR POINT
4. ONE DISADVANTAGE OF SYNTHETIC BASED FIRE-RESISTANT FLUIDS IS THAT THEY

ANS. ATTACK PACKING NORMALLY USED IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
5. WHAT IS THE CHIEF CAUSE OF FOAMING IN AN OIL RESERVOIR

ANS. TO MUCH AIR IN THE SYSTEM
6. BAFFLES ARE USED IN AN OIL RESERVOIR CHIEFLY TO

ANS. TEMPORARILY SEPARATE THE INCOMING OIL FROM THE OUTGOING OIL
7. WHICH OIL WILL SHOW THE SMALLEST CHANGE IN VISCOSITY FOR A GIVEN CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
ANS. OIL (A) VISCOSITY INDEX 100
8. THE NUMBER OF POUNDS OF FORCE APPLIED TO AN AREA IS EXPRESSED IN

ANS. P.S.I.
9. THE THEORY STATING THAT PRESSURE IN A CONFINED LIQUID IS DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY THROUGHOUT THE
FLUID IS
ANS. PASCALS LAW
10. THE EMMERSION (SUMP TYPE) FILTER IS CONNECTED TO THE

ANS. SUCTION LINE OF THE PUMP
11. THE TERM FULL FLOW FILTER MEANS THAT

ANS. ALL OIL PASSES THROUGH THE FILTER
12. THE PURPOSE OF THE PUMP IN EVERY FLUID POWER SYSTEMIS TO

ANS. INITIATE FLUID FLOW
13. PRESSURE IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS CREATED BY THE

ANS. RESISTANCE OF FLUID FLOW
14. SPUR GEAR, INTERNAL GEAR, SLIDING VANE AND SCREW PUMPS ARE ALL
ANS. ROTARY PUMPS
15. THE EFFICIENCY OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS CHIEFLY DETERMINDED BY THE

ANS. TYPE OF IMPELLER
16. IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM REQUIRING A RANGE IN PRESSURE FROM VERY LOW TO VERY HIGH, USE A
ANS. RECIPROCATING PUMP
17. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PUMP USED IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS IS THE
ANS. ROTARY PUMP
18. TO AVOID THE POSSIBILITY OF RUPTURING THE PUMP CASING OR DISCHARGE PIPE, A POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT ROTARY PUMP SYSTEM IS FITTED WITH
ANS. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
19. PUMP CAVITATION MAY BE CAUSED BY

ANS. TOO SMALL A PUMP INTAKE PORT
20. WHEN A FLUID IS FLOWING AT A CONSTANT G.P.M. THROUGH TWO CONTINUOUS PIPES OF DIFFERENT
DIAMETERS THE
ANS. VELOCITY IS GREATER IN THE SMALLER PIPE
21. WHAT TYPE OF THEARD IS NORMALLY USED ON HYDRAULIC LINES

ANS. DRYSEAL
22. THE MAJOR CAUSE OF VALVE FAILURE IS

ANS. CONTAMINANTS
23. A SOLENOID IS OFTEN USED TO OPERATE A SMALL SPOOL VALVE THE FIRST STEP OF THE OPERATION
OCCURS WHEN
ANS. A CURRENT PASSES THROUGH THE SOLENOID
24. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES ARE IDENTIFIED BY THEIR NAME AND THE NUMBER OF
ANS. FLOW PATHS
25. THE PROTECTOR OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT IS A

ANS. RELIEF VALVE
26. THE PRESSURE AT WHICH A CHECK VALVE WILL START TO OPEN IS CALLED
ANS. CRACKING PRESSURE
27. SPOOL VALVES ARE USED TO

ANS. CONTROL DIRECTION OF FLOW
28. A SIMPLE NON-PRESSURE COMPENSATED FLOW CONTROL VALVE

ANS. MAY HAVE A FIXED ORIFICE OR AN ADJUSTABLE NEEDLE VALVE
29. WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM FOR THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE OD A POPPET RELIEF VALVE
ANS. SET PRESSURE
30. AN ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SERVO VALVE RECEIVES ITS OPERATING SIGNALS FROM
ANS. BOTH AN INPUT SIGNAL AND A FEED BACK SIGNAL
31. AN UNLOADING RELIEF VALVE IS USED IN ACCUMULATOR CHARGING CIRCUITS TO

ANS. LIMIT MAXIMUM PRESSURE AND UNLOAD THE PUMP WHEN THE DESIRED ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE IS
REACHED
32. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FULL-FLOW PRESSURE AND CRACKING PRESSURE IS SOMETIMES CALLED
ANS. PRESSURE OVERIDE
33. A SNUBBER IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS USED TO

ANS. PREVENT THE GUAGE FROM OSCILLATING AND TO PROTECT THE GUAGE FROM PRESSURE SURGES.
34. WHAT IS A HYDRAULIC FUSE

ANS. A THIN METAL DISC, ANALOGOUS TO AN ELECTRIC FUSE
35. WHICH HYDRAULIC DEVIDE IS USED FOR LIFTING, TILTING, CLAMPING, OPENING, CLOSING, TURNING AND
SWINGING
ANS. ROTARY ACTUATOR
36. AN INTENSIFIER (OR PRESSURE BOOSTER) CONVERTS

ANS. A LARGE VOLUME. LOW PRESSURE OIL SUPPLY TO A SMALL VOLUME, HIGH PRESSURE OUTPUT.

37. THS SIMLEST TYPE OF CYLINDER IS THE

ANS. RAM TYPE
38. GENERALLY THE ROTATION OF THE SHAFT OF AN ACTUATOR DOES NOT EXCEED
ANS. 3608
39. A LARGE DIAMETER CYLINDER AND A SMALL DIAMETER CYLINDER EACH RECEIVE A FLOW OF 3 GALLONS
PER MINUTE, THEREFORE, THE
ANS. SMALLER CYLINDER TRAVELS FASTER
40. A CYLINDER IS CUSHIONED TO PREVENT THE PISTON FROM

ANS. STRIKING THE END OF THE CYLINDER
41. THE ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CYLINDER INCLUDE BARREL

ANS. PISTON, ROD, END CAP AND SEALS
42. THE MOST COMMON SEAL USED IN HYDRAULICS IS

ANS. AN O RING
43. AN EXAMPLE OF A STATIC SEAL IS A

ANS. GASKET
44. VANES IN A BALANCED VANE MOTOR ARE OFTEN HELD IN PLACE BY

ANS. SPRING CLIPS
45. AN EXAMPLE OF A NON-POSITIVE SEAL IS

ANS. A PISTON RING
46. INCREASING THE FLUID FLOW THROUGH A HYDRAULIC MOTOR ALSO INCREASES
ANS. SPEED
47. IF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR IS TURNING IN THE WRONG DIRECTION CHECK THE

ANS. PUMP TO MOTOR CONNECTION
48. HYDRAULIC SHOCK IN THE FLUID IS CONTROLLED BY A

ANS. SHOCK SURPRESSOR
49. IN A MECHANICAL SERVO, WHAT PART OF THE SERVO VALVE MOVES WITH THE LOAD
ANS. VALVE BODY
50. PRESSURE ACCUMULATORS ARE USED TO

ANS. STORE EXCESSPUMP DELIVERY
51. TYPE OF FILTER THET WOULD HARM OIL CHEMISTRY IS

ANS. ADSORBENT ACTIVE FILTERS
52. WHAT IS A HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

ANS. A DEVICE FOR CONVERTING HYDRAULIC ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY
53. NAME TWO TYPES OF ACTUATORS USED IN INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS

ANS. 1. LINEAR ACTUATORS (HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS)
2. ROTARY ACTUATORS (HYDRAULIC MOTORS)
54. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AN ACCUMULATOR IN AN INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

ANS. A COMPONENT USED TO STORE HYDRAULIC ENERGY
55. FILTERS ARE MEASURED IN

ANS. MICRONS
56. WHERE IS THE FILTER PLACED IN A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

ANS. 1. INLET 2. PRESSURE LINE 3. RETURN LINE
(EASY TO GET AT LOCATIONS)
57. SYSTEM PRESSURE IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS HIGHEST AT

ANS. RELIEF VALVE SETTING
58. THE RESERVOIR, WHILE SUPPLING AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF OIL TO THE SYSTEM ALSO ALLOWS
ANS. 1. AIR IN THE SYSTEM TO ESCAPE
2. DIRT AND WATER TO SETTLE OUT
3. HEAT TO DISIPITATE
59. FILTERS SHOULD ONLY BE SUED TO

ANS. REMOVE FINE PARTICLES
60. WHEN PRESSURE TESTING A CYLINDER THAT BUILDS UP PRESSURE UNDER NO LOAD BUT CYLINDER DOES
NOT ACTIVATE
ANS. THERE IS INTERNAL BINDING
61. HOW IS FLOW CONTROLED TO A HYDRAULIC CYLINDER

ANS. BY A FLOW CONTROL VALVE
62. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES ARE USUALLY CLASSES AS

ANS. TWO-WAY, THREE-WAY OR FOUR-WAY VALVES
63. THE PRESSURE AT WHICH A CHECK VALVE WILL START TO OPEN IS CALLED
ANS. ITS CRACKING PRESSURE
64. IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM WHAT TYPE OF VALVE REGULATES HOW SLOW OR HOW FAST
ACTUATORS OPERATE.
ANS. FLOW CONTROL OR FLOW REGULATION VALVE
65. TYPE OF DIRECTIONAL VALVE FOR DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

ANS. FOUR-WAY DIRECTIONAL VALVE
66. A COUNTERBALENCY VALVE

ANS. USUALLY USED TO SUPPORT A HOISTED LOAD OR PREVENT A LOAD FROM DROPPING
UNCONTROLLED
67. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON FLUID HANDLED IN AN INDUSTRIAL PLANT

ANS. WATER
68. WATER SUPPLY SYSYTEM CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS A DIRECT OR

ANS. RECIRCULATING
69. CHEMICAL PUMPS USE SPECIAL MATERIALS FOR THE

ANS. CHAFT SEALS, PACKING GLANDS AND GASKETS
70. PUMPS THAT HANDLE HIGH VISCOSITY MATERIALS ARE USUALLY

ANS. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
71. SUMP PUMP IMPELLERS ARE PROTECTED FROM DAMAGING PARTICLES BY FITTING THE PUMP AT THE INLET
WITH

ANS. SCREEN
72. A PUMP PLACED ABOVE THE FLUID IT IS PUMPING IS SAID TO HAVE A

ANS. SUCTION LIFT
73. STATIC SUTION LIFT IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE PUMPS CENTERLINE TO
ANS. WATER SURFACE SUCTION SIDE
74. WHEN THE LIQUID BEING PUMPED IS LOCATED ABOVE THE PUMP, IT OPERATES WITH A
ANS. SUCTION HEAD
75. THE VELOCITY HEAD PLUS ALL FRICTIONAL LOSSES AND THE STATIC HEAD EQUALS THE
ANS. TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
76. WHEN THE FLUID IS PUMPED INTO A VESSEL UNDER PRESSURE, THE DYNAMIC HEAD
ANS. INCREASES
77. A PUMPS CURVE IS USED TO GRAPHICALLY ILLUSTRATE A PUMPS

ANS. EFFICIENCY
78. INCREASED DYNAMIC HEADS DUE TO FRICTIONAL LOSSES CAN BE CAUSED BY

ANS. MANY VALVES AND FITTINGS
79. THE TYPE OF PUMP THAT HAS A VOLUTE TYPE CASING IS

ANS. CENTRIFUGAL
80. THE VELOCITY OF THE FLUID IN A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS DEVELOPED BY THE

ANS. IMPELLER
81. INTERNAL LEAKAGE IN A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS RESTRICTED BY THE PUMPS

ANS. WEARING RINGS
82. THE PACKING GLANDS OF PUMPS HANDLING HOT MATERIALS ARE USUALLY
ANS. COOLED
83. A HARIZONTALLY SPLIT CASING IS SPLIT ON THE

ANS. SHAFT CENTER LINE
84. AXIAL-FLOW PUMPS USUALLY OPERATE UNDER CONDITIONS OF

ANS. LOW HEAD HIGH VOLUME
85. PROPELLER PUMPS THAT HANDLE GRITTY RAW WATER ARE USUALLY MADE OF
ANS. ABRASION RESISTANT ALLOYS
86. VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP BOWLS ARE USUALLY FITTED WITH

ANS. SUPPORT BEARINGS
87. GEAR TYPE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS ARE MORE PROPERLY CALLED
ANS. ROTARY PUMPS
88. ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THE END CAPS AND CASINGS OF A GEAR PUMP IS MAINTAINED BY THE
USE OF
ANS. DOWEL PINS
89. THE FLUID CANNOT RETURN TO THE SUCTION SIDE OF A GEAR PUMP BECAUSE OF
ANS. MESHING OF THE GEARS
90. SHAFT MISALIGNMENT WILL CAUSE A ROTARY PUMP TO

ANS. WEAR
91. THE END COVER OF AN INTERNAL GEAR PUMP SUPPORTS THE

ANS. INNER GEAR
92. PUMPS OPERATING AT HIGH ELEVATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO A DECREASED

ANS. SUCTION LIFT
93. SHUTTING OF THE FLUID DISCHARGE TO AN AIR-OPERATED RECIPROCATING PUMP WILL CAUSE THE PUMP
TO
ANS. STALL
94. SELF-ADJUSTING DRIVING END PISTON RINGS ARE USUALLY MADE OF

ANS. CAST IRON
95. THE VALVES IN THE LIQUID END OF A STEAM OPERATED RECIPROCATING PUMP ARE USUALLY OF THE
ANS. VALVE PLATE TYPE
96. VALVES THAT CONTROL STEAM FLOW ON THE DRIVE SIDE OF A RECIPROCATING PUMP ARE OPERATED
ANS. MECHANICALLY
97. THE TERM SIMPLEX PUMP REFERS TO

ANS. NUMBER OF FLUID END CYLINDERS
98. A RECIPROCATING PUMP THAT PUMPS FLUID ON ONE SIDE OF THE PISTON IS CALLED
ANS. SINGLE-ACTING PUMP
99. THE TWO MOST COMMON CLASSES OF METERING PUMPS ARE THE
ANS. DIAPHRAGM AND PLUNGER TYPE
100. METERING OF THE FLUID IN MANY PLUNGER PUMPS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY ADJUSTING THE
ANS. CONNECTING ROD
101. IN A HYDRAULICALLY POWERED DIAPHRAGM PUMP, THE PUMP FLUID IS METERED BY THE
ANS. PUMPING FLUID
102. HOW ARE REMOTELY CONTROLLED METERING PUMPS ACTUATED

ANS. PNEUMATICALLY AND ELECTRICALLY
103. WHEN AN AIR-OPERATED RECIPROCATING PUMP IS RETURNED BY SPRING POWER, FLUID IS

ANS. DRAWN INTO THE CYLINDER
104. IMPELLERS OF SEALLESS PUMPS HAVE MAGNETIC HUBS BECAUSE THEY

ANS. PROVIDE SPEED AND POSITIONAL CONTROL
105. A SEALLESS PUMP SHOULD BE INSTALLED SO IT HAS A

ANS. SUCTION HEAD
106. MOST SLURRY PUMPS ARE CONSTRUCTED TO

ANS. BE EASILY MAINTAINED
107. LOW VISCOSITY CHEMICALS GENERALLY ARE BEST HANDLED BY

ANS. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
108. CHEMICAL PUMPS MUST BE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF

ANS, THE FLUID THEY ARE HANDLING
109. PERISTALTIC SCREW PUMPS ARE SOMETIMES REVERSED TO

ANS. CLEAR THE SUCTION LINE
110. A SMALL AMOUNT OF LEAKAGE FROM A PACKING GLAND AIDS IN

ANS. COOLING THE GLAND
111. A COMMON TYPE OF PACKING GLAND USED FOR INDUSTRIAL PUMPS IS THE
ANS. SOLID PACKED
112. HOW MANY PACKING RINGS MAY BE ADDED AFTER THE PUMP HAS BEEN RUNNING
ANS. 1
113. THE TWO COMPONENTS OF A MECHANICAL PACKING SEAL MUST BE

ANS. MATED PROPERLY
114. A MECHANICAL SEAL IS BALANCED BY

ANS. FLUID PRESSURE
115. WEARING RINGS ARE USUALLY MADE ADJUSTABLE BY

ANS. THREADS
116. THE TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF PUMP BEARINGS ARE THE

ANS. JOURNAL AND ANTIFRICTION TYPES
117. IF THE ROTOR IS CENTERED ON A VARIABLE VANE PUMP IT WILL

ANS. PUMP 0 VOLUME (NO PUMPING ACTION)
118. CRESENT SHAPE IS FOUND IN

ANS. INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
119. BLOCKED HYDRAULIC LINE WILL

ANS. DAMAGE PUMP
120. TO INCREASE VOLUME OUTPUT FROM PISTON PUMP

ANS. INCREASE STROKE
121. AFTER INSTALLING A GEAR PUMP AND NO FLUID WILL PUMP, FIRST CHECK
ANS. ROTATION OF PUMP
122. ROOF FANS ARE FOR

ANS. POLLUTION PURPOSESS
123. WHAT IS THE POSITION OF LANTERN RING IN STUFFING BOX

ANS. CENTERED UNDER THE SEALING FLUID INLET PIPE CONNECTION
124. WHEN PUMPING CORROSIVE MATERIALS YOU SHOULD

ANS. SEAL FLUID FROM EXTERNAL SOURCE

125. WHAT TYPE OF LINE SHOULD BE USED ON A HYDRAULIC MOTOR ON A VIBRATING BASE
ANS. HOSE
126. WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER WHEN MOUNTING A PUMP ABOVE
FLUID LEVEL
ANS. SHORTEST LINE POSSIBLE WITH SLIGHT RISE IN THE SUCTION LINE TO PUMP
127. A BLOCKED HYDRAULIC SUCTION LINE WILL

ANS. DAMAGE PUMP
128. MOST IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER WHEN ALIGNING PUMP AND MOTOR
ANS. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS BETWEEN PUMP AND MOTOR
129. MAJOR CRACKS IN AN IMPELLER CAN BE CURE BY

ANS. WELDING OR REPLACE IMPELLER
130. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF A STEEL FABRICATED BASE OVER A CAST IRON BASE
ANS. EASILY MODIFIED, NOT LIABLE TO CRACK
131. REASON FOR REMOVABLE BASE BOLTS

ANS. BOLTS CAN BE REPLACED WILL VERY LITTLE EFFORT

BEARINGS
1. WHAT BASIC FUNCTION DO BEARINGS PROVIDE
ANS. 1. CONFINE THE MOTION OF MOVING COMPONENTS
2. SUPPORT MOVING SHAFTS AND SLIDES
3. REDUCE FRICTION AND VIBRATION
2. A JOURNAL BEARING CONTROLS WHAT KIND OF SHAFT MOTION

ANS. RADIAL
3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE HARDNESS OF PLAIN BEARINGS IN RELATION TO THE
HARDNESS OF THE COMPONENTS THEY GUIDE AND SUPPORT
ANS. SOFTER
4. THE TWP PRINCIPLE CATEGORIES OF BEARINGS ARE

ANS. PLAIN AND ANTI-FRICTION
5. IF AN ANTI-FRICTION BEARING FAILS DUE TO NORMAL USE, WHAT IS THE FAILURE CALLED
ANS. FATIGUE FAILURE
6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN ADVANTAGE THAT PLAIN JOURNAL BEARINGS HAVE OVER ANTI-FRICTION
BEARINGS
ANS. 1. LESS RADIAL SPACE REQUIRED
2. USUALLY A LOWER FIRST COST
3. LESS RESISTENCE TO SHOCK
7. A LUBRICANT FOR A PLAIN BEARING DOES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING

ANS. 1. PROVIDES A FILM TO SEPARATE MOVING PARTS
2. REDUCES FRICTION
3. HELPS TO CARRY HEAT AWAY FROM THE BEARING
8. THE CHARACTERISTIC WHICH PERMITS A PLAIN JOURNAL BEARING MATERIAL TO ABSORB DIRT IS ITS
ANS. EMBEDDABILITY
9. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT USUALLY PART OF A STANDARD ANTI-10. FRICTION BEARING
ANS. LUBRICATION GROOVES
10. WHAT DETERMINES THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS

ANS. 1. SIZE OF BEARING
2. NUMBER OF ROLLING ELEMENTS
3. TYPE OF RACES
11. THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS OF ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGSARE

ANS. BALLS AND ROLLERS
12. THE SELECTION OF ANTI-FRICTION BEARING FITS DEPEND ON

ANS. LOAD TO BE CARRIED, BEARING DIMENSION AND MOUNTING DESIGN
13. YOU ARE GOING TO PRESS A BALL BEARING ONTO A SHAFT, WHAT MUST YOU BE CAREFUL NOT TO DO
ANS. PRESS ON THE OUTER RACE
14. HOW DO YOU REDUCE CLEARANCE IN A PLAIN SPLIT BABBIT BEARING

ANS. REMOVE SHIMS
15. TO OBTAIN A CLOSE BEARING FIT (APPROX 75%) IN BABBIT WE USE

ANS. MECHANICS BLUE AND BEARING SCRAPER

16. ONE OF THE USUALL CAUSES OF BEARING FAILURE AFTER PROPER AND CORRECT INSTALLATION
OF THE BEARING IS
ANS. TOO MUCH LUBRICATION IN THE BEARING
17. ONE THING TO KEEP IN MIND INSTALLING ANTI-FRICTION BALL BEARINGS IS

ANS. CLEARANCE BETWEEN BALLS AND INNER AND OUTER RACEWAYS
18. PREMATURE BEARING FAILURE CAN BE CAUSED BY THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS

ANS. MISALIGNMENT, EXCESSIVE RUNOUT AND IMPROPER LUBRICATION
19. THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE OBSERVED IN THE INSTALLATION OF ROLLER

BEARINGS
ANS. 1. DO NOT UNWRAP THE BEARING UNTIL THEY ARE REQUIRED FOR INSTALLATION
2. UNDER NO CONDITION MOUNT THE BEARING BY EXERTING FORCE OVER OR THROUGH
THE ROLLER ELEMENTS
3. DO NOT WASH A NEW BEARING AS THIS WILL REMOVE THE PROTECTIVE FILM
20. WHAT LOAD DOES THE FIXED BEARING CARRY IN A FIXED AND FLOATING TWO BEARING
MOUNTING
ANS. THRUST
21. TO PREVENT CREEPING OR SPINNING OF THE INNER RING USE A

ANS. TAPERED ADAPTER SLEEVE
22. BEARING FATIGUE FAILURE STARTS AS

ANS. FLAKING
23. WHY DID THE FULL-TYPE BEARING FAIL WHEN IT WAS USED AS A REPLACEMENT FOR A CONRAD
BEARING
ANS. CANNOT TAKE THRUST LOADS, BECAUSE OF ITS LOADING SLOT
24. THE BALL BEARING WHICH RESISTS LOAD FROM ANY DIRECTION BEST IS
ANS. DOUBLE-ROW ANGULAR-CONTACT
25. WHICH ROLLER BEARING HAS THE GREATEST LOAD CPACITY, SIZE FOR SIZE
ANS. NEEDLE ROLLER
26. OF THE FOLLOWING ROLLER BEARING, WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CARRY COMBINED RADIAL AND
THRUST LOADS
ANS. TAPERED ROLLER
27. THE TYPE OF ROLLER BEARING MOST RESISTANT TO SHOCK AND ABRASION IS
ANS. WOUND ROLLER
28. WHICH BEARING IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE ADJUSTMENT FOR SHAFT-CENTRE DISTANCES

ANS. TAKEUPS
29. WITH THE USE OF ACIDS OR CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS, THE BEST MATERIAL TO USE FOR BEARINGS IS
ANS. PHENOLIC PLASTIC
30. WITHOUT LOSING ANY OF ITS LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY, WHICH BEARING ADJUSTS TO
MISALIGNMENT

ANS. SPHERICAL ROLLER
31. AN ADVANTAGE OF CARBON-GRAPHITE BEARING IS

ANS. SELF-LUBRICATION, HEAT-RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH
32. BEARINGS CAN BE REMOVED EASIER BY USING

ANS. HEAT
33. MOST HASTY BEARING INSTALATIONS RESULT IN

ANS. EARLY BEARING FAILURE
34. BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS THAT ARE MISALIGNED USUALLY

ANS. SHORTEN THEIR OPERATING LIFE
35. BEARINGS SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR FREE MOVEMENT

ANS. AFTER THEY ARE MOUNTED ON THE SHAFT
36. SHINY SPOTS ON THE CONTACT SURFACE OF A PLAIN JOURNAL BEARING INDICATE
ANS. IMPROPER ALIGNMENT
37. AFTER A BEARING HAS BEEN CLEANED, IT SHOULD RECEIVE A COATING OF

ANS. OIL (LIGHT)
38. A DARK-COLORED BEARING FOUND DURING A ROUTINE INSPECTION INDICATE

ANS. OVERHEATING
39. FOREIGN MATTER CAN BE EFFECTIVELY KEPT OUT OF ANTI-FRICTION BALL BEARINGS BY
ANS. SEALS AND SHIELDS
40. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE TIGHTLY WOUND ENDLESS GARTER SPRING IN AN OIL OR GREASE
SEAL
ANS. TO MAINTAIN A LIGHT PRESSURE BETWEEN SHAFT AND CONTACT MATERIAL
41. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF SPRINGS IN A MECHANICAL SEALS

ANS. THE SPRING MAINTAINS SEALING CONTACT AND ADJUSTS FOR SHAFT END PLAY, RUN-OUT AND
SEAL FACE WEAR
42. WHEN INSTALLING BEARINGS USING AN OIL BATH, THE TEMPERATURE SHOULD NOT GO ABOVE
ANS. 2508 F
43. USING BOILING WATER TO INSTALL A BEARING THE TEMPERATURE WILL NOT EXCEED
ANS. 2128 F
44. HOW MUCH OIL SHOULD BE IN A BALL BEARING AT REST

ANS. WAY UP FROM BOTTOM OF BALL
45. WHAT STYLE OF FRICTION BEARING SHOULD BE USED IF THE LOAD IS APPLIED PARRALLEL OR
SLIGHTLY ABOVE THE HORIZONTAL
ANS. ANGLE STYLE BEARING
46. TO REMOVE A BEARING FROM A SHAFT USING A HAMMER

ANS. A PUNCH OR BAR OR MILD STEEL IS USED TO DRIVE AGAINST THE INNER RACE
47. TO POSITION A BEARING ON A SHAFT USING A HAMMER

ANS. USE A MOUNTING TUBE WITH PLATE OR A HARDWOOD BLOCK
48. SHAFT-TO-BORE MISALIGNMENT (S.T.B.M.) IS

ANS. THE AMOUNT BY WHICH THE SHAFT IS OFF CENTRE, WITH RESPECT TO BORES CENTRE
49. DYNAMIC RUN-OUT IS

ANS. THE AMOUNT BY WHICH THE SHAFT DOES NOT ROTATE AROUND THE CENTRE
50. TYPE OF PACKING USED FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS

ANS. METALLIC PACKING
CLEANING & INSPECTION OF BEARINGS
IF NO VISUAL SIGNS OF DAMAGE AND WEAR ARE PRESENT, HOLD THE BEARING AND ROTATE THE OUTER
RACE SLOWLY. NEVER SPIN IT. IF ANY CLICKING OR STICKING IS FOUND, RECLEAN THE BEARING. IF AFTER
CLEANING THE CONDITION STILL EXITS, REPLACE THE BEARING.
THRUST BEARING OR TAPERED ROLLER BEARINGS CAN BE INSPECTED IN THE SAME WAY, EXCEPT PLACE
THEBEARING ON A CLEAN SURFACE AND LIGHTLY APPLY HAND PRESSURE AND ROTATE THE BEARING.
IF THE BEARINGS ARE NOT TO BE REINSTALLED AT ONCE, WRAP THEM IN A CLEAN, OIL-PROOF PAOPER,
PLACE IN A CLEAN BOX AND STORE INA DRY, DUST-FREE PLACE. WHEN THE BEARINGS ARE FOUND TO BE
DAMAGED, THE CAUSE MUST BE DETER MINED OR IT MAY OCCUR AGAIN WHEN THE NEW BEARINGS IS
INSTALLED.
CLEANING & IINSPECTING OF BEARINGS
IF BEARINGS MAY BE REINSTALLED, INSPECT THEM CAREFULLY. WHEN SOME DOUBT EXISTS WHETHER OR
NOT TO REPLACE THE BEARING, USE THIS REASONING --- IF FREQUENT INSPECTIONS ARE GIVEN AND THE
BEARING IS EASY TO REPLACE. THEN THE RISK OF FAILURE MAY NOT BE SO GREAT; HOWERVER, IF
INFREQUENT INSPECTION TAKE PLACE AND THE BEARING IS DIFFICULT TO REMOVE AND INSTALL, THEN
THE DOUBTFUL PART SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH A NEW ONE.
IF THE BEARINGS HAVE SEALS OR SHIELDS, ALSO INSPECT THEM FOR DAMAGE AND WEAR. IF THE SEALS
ARE NOT REMOVABLE AND THEY ARE DAMAGED OR WORN, THE WHOLE BEARING MUST BE REPLACED.
BE SURE TO REPLACE THOSE SEALS THAT ARE REPLACEABLE IF THEY ARE DEFECTIVE. WORN OR DAMAGED
SEALS WILL ALLOW DIRT AND MOISTURE TO ENTER THE BEARING AND SHORTER BEARING LIFE.
VISUALLY INSPECT THE EXTERIOR OF THE BEARING FOR CRACKS IN THE RACES, DENTED SEALS, AND
BROKEN OR DAMAGED SEPARATORS, BALLS OR ROLLERS. IF THE BEARINGS HAS BEEN OVERHEATED, IT
WILL BE A BROWNISH BLUE OR BLUISH BLACK COLOUR. IF ANY OF THESE SIGNS ARE FOUND, THE
BEARING SHOULD BE REPLACED.
INSPECT SEPARABLE BEARINGS FOR PITTED, SCRATCHED OR FLAKED BALLS, ROLLERS, OR RACES. REPLACE
THE BEARING IF ANY OF THESE SIGNS OF DAMAGE ARE FOUND.
THE INNER SURFACES AND ROLLER ELEMENTS IN A SUSPECTED NON-SEPARABLE BEARING MAY BE
EXAMINED WITH EITHER A SMALL FLASHLIGHT OR REFLECTED LIGHT FROM A STRONG LIGHT SOURCE.
ANY VISIBLE PITS OR SCRATCHES ARE SIGNS OF DAMAGE AND THE BEARING SHOULD BE REPLACED.
PNEUMATICS & COMPRESSORS
1. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF REMOVING WATER VAPOUR FROM COMMPRESSED AIR
ANS. CONDENSATION
2. THE AMOUNT OF CONDITIONING REQUIRED BY THE COMPRESSED AIR AFTER IT LEAVES THE COMPRESSER
IS DETERMENED BY THE
ANS. USE IN WHICH THE AIR IS PUT
3. LUBRACATING EQUIPMENT SHOULD ALWAYS BE PLACED AFTER

ANS. REGULATOR
4. A COMPRESSER RELIEVED OF ALL INTERNAL PRESSURE IS CONSIDERD TO BE

ANS. UNLOADED
5. IN A PNEUMATICS SYSTEM, THE FORCE THAT DOES THE WORK IS SUPPLIED IN THE FORM OF
ANS COMPRESSED AIR
6. DYNAMIC AIR COMPRESSORS INCREASE AIR PRESSURE BY

ANS ACCLERATING THE AIR
7. AN AIR REGULATING VALVE IS USUALLY INTSALLED

ANS WITH A LUBRACATOR AND FILTER
8. A GUAGE GRADUATED IN INCHES OF MERCURY MEASURES

ANS VACUUM
9. WHAT IS THE A COMMON FEATURE OF COOLED AIR COMPRESSERS

ANS COOLING FINS
10. IN MULTISTAGE COMPRESSORS, THE REQUIRED AIR PRESSURE IS CREATED BY COMPRESSING THE AIR IN
ANS TWO OR MORE UNEQUAL CYLINDERS
11. WHAT TYPE OF COMPRESSOR WILL DELIVER LARGE VOLUMES OF OIL-FREE AIR AT APPROXIMATELY 100
P.S.I
ANS. ROTARY DRY SCREW
12. A VANE TYPE AIR COMPRESSOR IS USED TO PRODUCE

ANS. LOW PRESSURE AND HIGH VOLUME
13. THE MOST COMMON IN AIR INCLUDE

ANS. WATER VAPOUR AND DIRT
14. DUST PARTICLES THAT CONTACT OIL SPRAY AND MIST USUALLY
ANS. COLLECT IN THE LUBRICANT
15. THE MOST EFFCIENT WAY OF REMOVING LARGE PARTICLES FROM THE AIR STREAM IS BY USING
ANS. A SURFACE FILTER
16. A STRAINER OR FILTER IS CLASSIFIED BY THE

ANS. SIZE OF THE PARTICLES IT STOPS
17. MOST NON-METALLIC TUBBING USED IN PNEUMATIC LINES IS LIMITED TO CONDITIONS OF

ANS. 100 PSI AND 190 DEGREES F
18. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FLARED CONNECTIONS WITH LONG SHOULDERED NUTS
ANS. TO PROVIDE SUPPORT
19. THE RATE OF SLOPE FOR COMPRESSED AIR PIPING SHOULD BE

ANS ONE INCH PER 10 FEET
20. MAIN PIPES ON A PNEUMATIC MACHINE ARE USUALLY MADE OF

ANS. STEEL
21. MANIFOLDS ARE USED BECAUSE THEY

ANS. ELIMANATE A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF PIPING, REDUCE ASSEMBLY TIME, PERMIT A RAPID
CHANGE OF VALVE WITHOUT DISTURBING THE PIPING AND ALSO STREMLINES A MACHINE
22. AN AUTOMATIC CHECK VALVECAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED AS A

ANS. TWO WAY, TWO POSITION VALVE
23. A THREE WAY VALVE HAS HREE

ANS. PRIMARY CONNECTIONS
24. AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED FLOW CONTROL VALVES ARE MOST COMMONLY ACTUATED BY
ANS. SOLENOIDS
24. THE BEST LOCATION FOR A PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE IN A PNEUMATIC SYSTEM IS
ANS. AT AN AIR STATION
26. THE SEALING POINT OF A BALL POPPET VALVE IS LOCATED IN THE

ANS. VALVE BODY
27. REMOTE-CONTROLLED REGULATORS WILL NOT FUNCTION WITHOUT

ANS. REGULATED PILOT AIR
28. AN AIR RECEIVER IS TESTED BY PRESSURING IT WITH

ANS. WATER
29. A CYLINDER THAT PRODUCES WORK ONLY ON ITS RETURN STROKE IS CALLED
ANS. SINGLE-ACTION CYLINDER
30. A PNEUMATIC CYLINDER FURNISHES WITH THE MOUNTING LUGS OR FEET IS CLASSIFIED AS
BEING
ANS. FIXED, NON-CENTERLINE MOUNTED
31. THE AMOUNT OF MOTION IN A PIVOTING MUST BE RESTRICTED TO PREVENT

ANS. PISTON ROD FROM BENDING
32. MECHANICAL SHOCKS CAN BE PREVENTED IN A PNEUMATIC CYLINDER BY USING

ANS. CUSHIONING DEVICE
33. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF ALL THE PRESSURE CONTROLS IN A PNEUMATIC SYSTEM IS TO
ANS. LIMIT AIR PRESSURE
34. WHICH OF THE TYPES OF RELIFE VALVES PROVIDE THE SMOOTHEST RELIFE CONTROL
ANS. DIAPHRAGM
35. A SNUBBER IS USED TO

ANS. PROTECT PRESSURE GUAGE
36. THE MOST COMMON PRESSURE SENSITIVE DEVICE IS THE

ANS. BOURDON ELEMENT
37. COMPARED TO HYDRAULIC PUMPS, INTENSIFIERS

ANS. ARE MORE USEFUL IN APPLACATIONS REQUIRING LENGTHLY HIGH PRESSURE HOLDING PERIODS,
AND REQUIRE LESS AMOUNT OF HIGH PRESSURE FLUID
38. THE MOST COMMON QUANTITIES MEASUREED AND CONTROLLED IN INDUSTRY ARE
ANS. TEMPERTURE, PRESSURE, FLOW AND LIQUID LEVEL
39. FOR ON-OFF CONTROL, THE FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT IS ALWAYS

ANS. FULL ON OR FULL OFF
40. THE PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER PROVIDES AN OUTPUT PROPORTIONAL TO THE

ANS. ERROR BETWEEN INPUT AND SET POINT SIGNAL
41. RATE CONTROL IN THE CONTROLLERS IS USED TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL OUTPUT WHEN THE
PROCESS IS
ANS. CHANGING
42. WHICH IS THE BASIC PART OF A PNEUMATIC TRANSDUCER

ANS. FLAPPER AND NOZZLE
43. A VANE PNEUMATIC MOTOR IS USUALLY USED TO POWER

ANS. PORTABLE GRINDERS
44. CHIPPING HAMMERS ARE POWERED BY

ANS. A RECIPROCATING PISTON
45. MOST PORTABLE ROTARY AIRTOOLS ARE DRIVEN BY

ANS. VANE MOTORS
46. ON MOST PRESSURE GUAGES A READING OF ZORE INDICATES THE GAUGE IS MEASURING
ANS. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND 30 INCHES OF MERCURY
47. THE HORSE POWER OUTPUT OF A PNEUMATIC MOTOR IS CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE
MOTORS
ANS. TORQUE AND SPEED
48. ALL PNEUMATIC MOTORS ARE CONSTRUCTED WITH A MECHANICAL SEAL AND OPERATE ON THE
PRINCIPLE OF
ANS. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
49. WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION WHEN SELECTING A PNEUMAIC MOTOR
ANS. AIR CONSUMPTION
50. THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION IN A PNEUMATIC MOTOR IS REVERSED BY MEANS OF REVERSING

ANS. AIRFLOW
51. WHEN HEAT IS APPLIED TO GAS CONTAINED IN A CYLINDER THE

ANS. PRESSURE INCREASES
52. WHAT TYPE OF ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY AN AIR COMPRESSOR

ANS. PNEUMATIC
53. WHEN AIR IS COMPRESSED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS INCREASED

ANS. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
54. TO BE EFFICIENT, A POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR MUST DECREASE THE GAS

ANS. VOLUME
55. DYNAMIC COMMPRESSORS INCREASE AIR PRESSURE BY

ANS. ACCELERATING THE AIR
56. THE DISCHARGE VALVES OF A COMPRESSOR ARE OPENED BY

ANS. COMPRESSED AIR
57. IN MULTISTAGE COMPRESSORS, THE REQUIRED AIR PRESSURE IS CREATED BY COMPRESSING THE
AIR IN
ANS. TWO OR MORE UNEQUAL CYLINDERS
58. AIR-COOLED COMPRESSORS ARE USUALLY CONSTRUCTED WITH

ANS. COOLING FINS
59. THE PURPOSE OF THE CRANKSHAFT AND CONNECTING ROD IS TO

ANS. CONVERT ROTARY MOTION INTO RECIPROCATING MOTION
60. WHAT LUBRICATING METHOD IS USED FOR HEAVY DUTY COMPRESSORS

ANS. PRESSURIZED
61. THE COMPRESSING LOADS OF A WET SCREW COMPRESSOR ARE DRIVEN WITHOUT
ANS. TIMING GEARS
62. IMPELLER COMPRESSORS ARE FREQUENTLY REFERRED TO AS

ANS. BLOWERS
63. THE MOST EFFICIENT METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE OURPUT OF A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
IS BY
ANS. SPEED VARIATION
64. THE IMPELLERS OF DINAMICCOMPRESSORS ROTATE AT HIGH SPEED TO ENSURE

ANS. EFFICIENT OPERATION
65. A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR IS CLASSIFIED AS

ANS. DYNAMIC COMPRESSOR
66. THE FUNCTION OF AN AIR RECEIVER IS

ANS. IT DAMPENS PULSATIONS, SERVES AS A RESERVOIR AND IT SERVES TO PRECIPITATE SOME OF
THE MOISTURE
67. THE MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF AIR-COOLED OVER WATER-COOLED IS THAT

ANS. THERE IS NO DANGER OF FREEZING

68. INTERCOOLERS NORMALLY COOL AIR BY THE USE OF

ANS. FINNED TUBES, A RADIATOR TYPE, AND WATER COOLED INTERCOOLERS
69. WHAT METHOD OF LUBRICATING IS FREQUENTLY USED FOR SMALL SINGLE-ACTING

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
ANS. SPLASH
70. WHAT PRIME MOVERS ARE USED WHEN A COMPRESSOR USES VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL
METHOD
ANS. STEAM ENGINE, STEAM TURBINE AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
71. WHAT TYPE OF COMPRESSOR IS USED IN A PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYOR

ANS. LOBE COMPRESSOR
72. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF AN INTERCOOLER BETWEEN COMPRESSOR STAGES

ANS. TO COOL THE AIR AS IT LEAVES THE FIRST STAGE
73. SINGLE STAGE COMPRESSORS ARE

ANS. COMPRESSORS WHICH REACH FINAL PRESSURE WITH ONE COMPRESSION STROKE
74. REASON FOR COMPRESSORS TO BE UNABLE TO REACH REQUIRED PRESSURE

ANS. AIR LEAKS OR BLOW-BY (PISTON RINGS ), DIRTY FILTERS, AND FAULTY INTAKE AND DISCHARGE
VALVES
75. SINGLE ACTING COMPRESSORS

ANS. COMPRESSES AIR ON ONE SIDE OF THE PISTON
76. STEAM TUBINE HAS STEAM TIGHT GLANDS ON

ANS. EACH SIDE OF THE WHEEL WHERE THE SHAFT GOES THROUGH THE HOUSING
77. NAME TWO CLASSES OF TURBINES

ANS. 1. REACTION 2. IMPULSE
78. HOW CAN THE CASING BE SPLIT ON A TURBINE

ANS. PARELLEL TO THE SHAFT OR AT 90( TO THE SHAFT
79. WHAT TYPE SEALANT IS USED BETWEEN CASING HALVES

ANS. SEALING PASTES OR PLASTIC STRING
80. HOW ARE SEGMENTS OF THE CARBON RING HELD TOGETHER

ANS. BY A GARTER RING
81. WHAT IS THE REASON FOR A COMPRESSOR TO BE UNABLE TO REACH REQUIRED PRESSURE
ANS. AIR LEAKS OR BLOW BY

CONVEYORS
1. POWERED CONVEYORS ARE USED IN PLACE OF GRAVITY CONVERYORS
ANS. WHERE MORE CONTROL MUST BE MAINTAINED OVER THE PRODUCT BEING CONVEYED AND WHERE ITEMS
MUST BE MOVED OVER LONG DISTANCES WITHOUT LOSS OF HEIGHT
2. WHAT TYPE OF CONVEYOR PROVIDES THE SIMPLEST AND MOST ECONOMICAL METHOD OF TRANSPORTING
GOODS
ANS GRAVITY CONVEYORS
3. ON THE POWER AND FREE CONVEYORS WHAT HOLDS THE POWER AND FREE TRACKS FIRMLY IN THE
CORRECT POSITION WITH EACH OTHER
ANS. YOKES
4. A 458 CHAIN SHOULD HAVE

ANS. 5.8 DIAMETER CONNECTING PIN AND NOMINAL PITCH 4
5. TO REMOVE MATERIAL AT A GIVEN POINT ON A BELT CONVEYOR USE A

ANS. PLOW AND TRIPPER
6. TRACK ELEVATORS ARE MEASURED FROM

ANS. FLOOR LINE TO THE TOP OF THE TRACK
7. WHICH ARE OSCILATING CONVEYORS

ANS. FLEXMOUNT, COILMOUNT AND TORQUEMOUNT
8. TO TRACK A BELT WHICH IS RUNNING OFF AT THE HEAD PULLY YOU SHOULD
ANS. TIGHTEN AGAINST THE SIDE RUNNING OFF
9. MAGNET PULLEYS ON BELT CONVEYORS ARE USED TO

ANS. SEPARATE FERROUS METALS
10. LIVE ROLLER CONVEYORS ARE

ANS. CHAIN OR BELT DRIVEN ROLLERS
11. A DRIVE IS CROWNED TO

ANS. TRACK THE BELT
12. NEW CONVEYOR BELTING SHOULD BE STORED IN

ANS. A COOL DRY LOCATION, AWAY FROM THE SUNLIGHT
13. WHAT DOES THE CARCASS OF A BELT CONSIST OF

ANS. LAYERS OF RUBBER-IMPREGNATED FABRIC OR CORD
14. HOW ARE THE BOLT HOLES MARKED OFF ON THE BELT FOR MOUNTING THE BUCKETS
ANS. STEEL SQUARE
15. MATERIAL CONVEYED TO ONE MAIN CONVEYOR IS CHANNELED BY A

ANS. FROG
16. A SCREW CONVEYOR CAN CONVEY MATERIAL

ANS. ANY DIRECTION
17. PRIOR TO WORKING ON ANY POWER CONVEYOR SYSTEM IT MUST BE

ANS. LOCKED OUT AND TAGGED
18. SHORT PITCH AND HALF PITCH SCREW CONVEYORS ARE MOSTLY USED ON
ANS. VERTICAL OR INCLINED CONVEYORS
19. WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF SKIRT BOARDS

ANS. TO AVOID SPILLAGE
20. LAP JOINTS ARE MADE BY LAPPING THE ENDS OVER EACH OTHER FOR A DISTANCE OF
ANS. EQUAL TO THE WIDTH OF THE BELT
21. WHICH ELEVATOR IS NOT A BUCKET ELEVATOR

ANS. GRAVITY
22. SUPER CAVITY ELEVATORS ARE A

ANS. CONTINUOS BUCKET TYPE
23. A POSITIVE DISCHARGE ELEVATOR DISCHARGES ITS LOAD BY

ANS. A SNUB SPROCKET TO PROVIDE POSITIVE DISCHARGE
24. WHEN MEASURING A BELT THAT IS TO BE JOINED WITH A CEMENT SPLICE, ALLOWANCE MUST BE MADE
FOR THE
ANS. OVERLAP
25. WHAT TYPE OF TRANSFER WOULD BE USED TO MOVE A PIECE OF SHEET METAL (LAYING FLAT) IN ANY
DIRECTION HORIZONTALLY
ANS. BALL TRANSFER
26. WHAT TYPE OF BEARING IS BEST USED IN SCREW CONVEYOR HANGERS T0 ASSURE ACCURATE
ALIGNMENT OF THE BEARING WITH THE AXIS OF THE CONVEYOR SCREW
ANS. SELF-ALIGNING BALL BEARING
27. A LEFT HAND SCREW CONVEYOR IS ONE WHICH

ANS. WHEN LOOKING AT THE NEAR SIDE, FLIGHTING SLOPES TO THE LEFT
28. WHEN A THRUST BEARING IS INSTALLED ON A SCREW CONVEYOR, HOW IS THE LOCATION OF THE THRUST
BEARING DETERMINED
ANS. DEPENDING ON THE DIRECTION OF MATERIAL TRAVEL
29. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE TAKE-UP

ANS. COMPENSATOR FOR BELT WEAR OR STRETCH
30. TO TRACK A CONVEYOR BELT WHICH IS RUNNING OFF IN THE CENTRE SECTION YOU SHOULD
ANS. 1. MOVE THE SIDE OF THE IDLER THAT THE BELT IS RUNNING OFF IN THE SAME DIRECTION THE BELT IS
TRAVELLING
2. SHIM THE SIDE OF THE IDLER THAT THE BELT IS RUNNING OFF
31. THE MAXIMUM TO WHICH TROUGHED BELT IDLER CAN BE ADJUSTED IS

ANS. 45 DEGREES
32. WHAT MUST BE ADJUSTED WHEN A CATON SIZE IS CHANGED ON A UNIT

ANS. PLOW SHOE, INFEED GUIDES AND OVERHEAD BELTS
33. WHEN FORMING A COMPOUND VERTICAL CURVE, THE PURPOSE OF THE STRAIGHT SECTION OF THE TRACK
IS TO GAIN
ANS. THE REQUIRED ELEVATION
34. WHAT CAN BE USED TO FEED BOTTLES INTO A BOTTLE WASHING MACHINE FROM A SLAT BAND CHAIN
ANS. A SERIES OF SEPARATION PLATES AND DUPLES ROLLER CHAIN
35. WHICH CONVEYOR CHAIN BY ITS SIMPLE DESIGN PERMITS ASSEMBLY DISMANTLING WITHOUT THE USE OF
TOOLS

ANS. RIVETLESS CHAIN
36. AN ACCEPTABLE METHOD USED TO DETERMINE CHAIN SAG ON CHAIN DRIVE EQUIPMENT IS TO
COMPUTE
ANS. 4% OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SHAFT CENTRES
37. A BELT PULLEY IS LAGGED TO

ANS. REDUCED SLIPPAGE
38. THE PURPOSE OF LEATHER WASHERS BETWEEN THE BUCKETS AND THE
ANS. 1.ABSORB THE SHOCK AS BUCKETS PASS OVER THE PULLEY
2. HELP TO SEAL BOLT HOLES AGAINST MOISTURE
39. HOW ARE THE BUCKETS MOUNTED ON A SUPER CAPACITY ELEVATOR

ANS. END MOUNTED
40. WHY DO INDIVIDUAL ROLLER CHAIN ASSEMBLIES HAVE AN ADVANTAGE OVER OTHER ROLLER CHAIN
ASSEMBLES
ANS. 1.APPROX. 180 DEGREES WRAP AROUND EACH SPROCKET
2.SUITABLE FOR REVERSING
41. TABLE DRIVES ARE DRIVEN BY

ANS. GEARS
42. HOW DOES A PNEUMATIC CONVEYOR OPERATE

ANS. A FAN
43. ON SOME PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS WHAT INTRODUCES A FIXED AMOUNT OF SOLIDS INTO THE AIR
STREAM AND ALSO ACTS AS AN AIR SEAL
ANS. A SCREW FEEDER WITH ROTARY AIR LOCK
44. LAP JOINTS OF AN ELEVATOR BELT ARE MADE BY LAPPING THE ENDS OVER EACH OTHER FOR A
DISTANCE EQUAL TO
ANS. THE WIDTH OF THE BELT
45. MOST CONVEYORS ARE DRIVEN AT

ANS. THE HEAD SHAFT
46. A CONVEYOR PLOW IS USED TO

ANS. UNLOAD A CONVEYOR BELT
47. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FIXED TRIPPERS

ANS. WHERE MATERIAL MAY BE DISCHARGED ONLY AT FIXED POINTS
48. WHAT METHOD IS USED FOR A FAST BELT REPAIR

ANS. USE A DOUBLE-PLATE FASTENER
NOTE: IF PULLEY DIAMETERS ARE SMALL, USE A HINGED TYPE TWO-PLATE FASTENER OR MAKE THE
JOINT A 45 DEGREE ANGLE AND USE STANDARD TWO-PLATE FASTENERS
49. WHAT METHOD IS USED FOR A FAST BELT REPAIR

ANS. USING DOUBLE-PLATE BELT FASTENERS
50. LAP JOINTS OF AN ELEVATOR BELT ARE MADE BY

ANS. LAPPING THE ENDS OVER EACH OTHER FOR A DISTANCE EQUAL TO THE WIDTH OF THE BELT.

NOTE: IF PULLEY DIAMETERS ARE SMALL, USE A HINGED TYPE TWO-PLATE FASTENER OR MAKE THE
JOINT 45 DEGREE ANGLE AND USE STANDARD TWO-PLATE FASTENERS
51. MOST CONVEYORS ARE DRIVEN AT THE

ANS. HEAD SHAFT
52. A CONVEYOR PLOW IS USED TO

ANS ULOAD A CONVEYOR BELT
53. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FIXED TRIPPERS

ANS. WHERE MATERIAL MAY BE DISCHARGED ONLY AT FIXED POINTS
54. BELT IDLERS SHAPE OR TROUGH THE BELT TO

ANS. INCREASE ITS CARRYING CAPACITY

DRIVES
1. THE VARIABLE OUTPUT SPEED OF A BELT TYPE VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE IS CONTROLLED WITH
ANS. ADJUSTABLE PULLY FLANGES
2. THE SHAFT BEARINGS USED TO PREVENT GREASE FROM GETTING ON THE DRIVING BELT OF A
VARIABLE SPEED UNIT ARE
ANS. SEALED FOR LIFE
3. THE SIZES OF A V BELT ARE DESIGNATED BY NUMBERS OR LETTERD GROUPS, BUT THE ACTUAL
SIZE IS DETERMINED BY ITS
ANS. CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA
4. WHEN MULTIPLE DRIVE V BELTS ARE MADE TO GETHER IN THE FORM OF ON COMMON BELT,
THEY ARE CALLED
ANS. GROUP BELTS
5. THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF A HIGH CAPACITY V BELT WHEN COMPARED TO A STANDAR

V BELT IS
ANS. SMALLER
6. TIMING BELTS ARE MADE WITH MOULDED TEETH ON THE INSIDE FACE TO PROVIDE A
ANS. POSITIVE TRANSFER OF POWER
7. UNLIKE STANDARD V BELTS, THE PITCH LINE OF A TIMING BELT IS LOCATED ON THE
ANS. CHORD LINE
8. BECAUSE OF THEIR MOVABLE SIDE FLANGES,SPRINGS LOADED ADJUSTED SHEAVES REQUIRE

ANS. LUBRICATION
9. BESIDES CAST-IRON, TIMING BELTS ARE MADE FROM WHAT MATERIALS

ANS. MOULDED FIBRES, PLASTIC AND ALUMINUM
10. WHAT TYPE OF SPEED CHANGE CAN BE MADE BY A MANUALLY ADJUSTABLE SHEAVE
ANS. SMALL
11. WHAT IS APPROPRIATE EFFICIENCY RATING OF A DRIVE CGAIN

ANS. 98%
12. CHAIN MANUFACTURES RATE A DRIVE CHAIN ACCORDING TO ITS

ANS. WORKING LOAD
13. THE PITCH OF A ROLLER DRIVE CHAIN IS DETERMINED BY THE

ANS. CENTRE DISTANCE OF THE CONNECTING CHAIN
14. WHAT TYPE OF SIDEBARS ARE USED FOR HEAVY DUTY FABRICATION
ANS. STRAIGHT AND OFFSET
15. A MODIFIED LEAF CHAIN THAT FORMS A TOOTH PATTERN WHEN IT IS ASSEMBLED IS A
ANS. SILENT DRIVEN CHAIN
16. WHICH DRIVE CHAIN SHOULD BE USED WHEN OPERATING IN CORROSIVE OR WET CONDITIONS
ANS. CAST CHAIN
17. SPROCKETS ARE FREQUENTLY DESCRIBED BY THE LETTERS A, B AND C. THESE LETTERS
REFER TO THE
ANS. CLASS OF THE HUB
18. ALL DRIVE CHAINS HAVING OFFSET SIDEBAR CONSTRUCTION ARE FURNISHED IN
ANS. SINGLE PITCH MULTIPLES
19. IN PARRALLEL SHAFT SPEED REDUCERS THE SPLASH LUBRICATION IS AIDED BY

ANS. DAMS OR THROUGHS
20. THE OUTPUT SPEED OF A GEAR SPEED REDUCER IS DETERMINED BY THE REDUCERS
ANS. INPUT SPEED AND RATIO
21. THE SIZE OF A SPEED REDUCER IS DETERMINED BY ITS

ANS. HORSEPOWER RATING AND GEAR RATIO
22. A GEAR SPEED REDUCERS CONTINUOS OVERLOAD CAPACITY IS DETERMINED PRIMARILY BY

ANS. WEAR FACTORS
23. THE THRUST PRODUCED BY A REDUCER IS REDUCED BY WHICH TYPE OF GEARS

ANS. DOUBLE HELICAL
24. IN REDUCER-DRIVEN CONVEYORS AND HOISTS, REVERSE MOVEMENTS ARE PREVENTED BY

ANS. A BACKSTOP
25. HOW DOES A KISS IDLER DIFFER FROM A BACKSIDE IDLER

ANS. DOES NOR CREATE A BACK BEND OR PENETRATE THE BELT SPAN
DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO PERMATURE BELT FAILURE
26. THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTRE OF ONE TOOTH TO THE CENTRE OF THE NEXT TOOTH ON THE
PITCH CIRCLE IS CALLED THE
ANS. CIRCULAR PITCH
27. THE CLEARANCE BETWEEN MATING TEETH OF TWO GEARS AT THE PITCH LINE IS CALLED
ANS. BACKLASH
28. REVERSE ROTATION OF A WORM GEAR REDUCER IS PREVENTED BY THE

ANS. WORM ACTION ON THE GEAR
29. THE DISTANCE THAT ONE THREAD ADVANCES DURING ONE COMPLETE TURN OF THE WORM IS
CALLED
ANS. LEAD
30. THE RADIAL DISTANCE THAT A GEAR TOOTH EXTENDS INTO THE SPACE BETWEEN TWO TEETH
ON A MATING GEAR IS CALLED
ANS. WORKING DEPTH
31. THE POSITION OF THE ROLLERS IN A ROLLER TYPE VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE IS SHIFTED WITH A
ANS. RACK AND PINION DEVICE
32. WHAT IS USED WITH A SHAFT-MOUNTED REDUCER TO PREVENT IT FROM ROTATING AND
PROVIDE MEANS OF ADJUSTING V BELT TENSION
ANS. TIE ROD
33. ROLLER-TYPE VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES TRANSMIT MOTION THROUGH A

ANS. FRICTIONAL CONTACT
34. BEFORE INSTALLING A SHAFT MOUNTED REDUCER, THE SHAFT SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR
ANS. BENT SECTIONS, ROUNDNESS AND MISALIGNMENT
35. BEARINGS AND GEARS ON SHAFT MOUNTED REDUCERS ARE LUBRICATED BY

ANS. SPLASH
36. WHAT TYPE OF GEAR IS MOST COMMONLY USED IN SHAFT-MOUNTED REDUCERS

ANS. HELICAL
37. HOW IS TENTION MAINTAINED ON V BELTS WHEN USED WITH SHAFT-MOUNTED REDUCERS
ANS. TIE ROD
38. TO PROVIDE MORE REDUCTION FOR A SHAFT-MOUNTED REDUCER, WHAT IS USED

ANS. V BELTS
39. THE DRIVEN GEAR OF A WORM GEAR REDUCER IS USUALLY MADE OF

ANS. BRONZE
40. BOTH MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROTECTION AGAINS OVERLOADS ON THE SHAFT-
MOUNTED REDUCERS IS PROVIDED BY AN
ANS. OVERLOAD RELEASE
41. TO ACCOMMODATE MISALIGNMENTS, METAL GRID COUPLINGS HAVE WHICH FEATURES

ANS. SPRING STEEL GRID
42. THE INSERTS OR CUSHIONS OF FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS ARE HELD IN POSITION BY

ANS. THE COUPLING JAWS
43. CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCHES BECOME POSITIVELY ENGAGED

ANS. AT NO TIME DURING OPERATION
44. OVER-RUNNING CLUTCHES ARE DESIGNED TO PERMIT ROTATION OF THE DRIVING FORCE
ANS. IN THE FORWARD DIRECTION ONLY
45. THE RATIO OF A WORM GEAR REDUCER IS OBTAINED BY DIVIDING THE

ANS. NUMBER OF TEETH IN THE GEAR BY THE NUMBER OF THREADS (OR STARTS) IN THE WORM
46. REASON WHY SHAFT WILL NOT TURN IN THE REDUCTION UNIT
ANS. BEARING TOO TIGHT - - - INSTALL SHIMS
47. CHANGING FROM A SMALL DIAMETER DRIVE PULLEY TO A LARGER ONE

ANS. INCREASE SPEED
48. WHAT TYPE OF CHAIN CAN BE TAKEN APART WITHOUT DISCONNECTING LINKS OR PINS
ANS. DETACHABLE CHAIN
49. WHAT DOES WEAR ON THE SIDE OF A SPOCKET AND THE INSIDE OF A CHAIN LINK MEAN

ANS. MISALIGNMENT
50. TO AVOID HAVING TO MAKE FREQUENT REPAIRS TO ROLLER CHAIN

ANS. CHANGE TO DOUBLE STRAND SAME PITCH CHAIN
51. WHAT TYPE OF GEAR DOES NOT REQUIRE THRUST BEARINGS

ANS. DOUBLE HELICAL GEARS --- HERRINGBONE GEAR
52. TYPE OF HELICAL GEARS USED ON SHAFTS THAT ARE PARALLEL

ANS. RH AND LH HELICAL
53. FOR HYPOID GEARS USE

ANS. LUBRICATING OIL OF THE E. P. TYPE ( EXTREME PRESSURE ) CLASS ( HEAVY DUTY )
54. FLANGED COMMPRESSOR COUPLINGS ARE USED TO JOIN

ANS. SHAFTS OF EQUAL SIZE, DO NOT REQUIRE KEYS
55. THE INSERT CALLED A SPIDER IS HELD IN THE COUPLING BY THE

ANS. COUPLING JAWS
56. WHAT TYPE OF FLEXIBLE COUPLING IS USED FOR HIGH TORQUE, LOW SPEED
ANS. SLIDER COUPLING
57. IN A THREE SHAFT REDUCTION UNIT WHICH SHAFT CAN HAVE BEARING FAILURE THAT IS NOT EASILY
DETECTED
ANS. INTERMEDIATE SHAFT
58. WHAT REDUCTION IS OBTAINED BY A 2 THREAD WORM DRIVING A WORM GEAR WITH 60 TEETH
ANS. 30: 1
59. THE MINIMUM AMOUNT A ROLLER CHAIN CAN BE SHORTENED IS

ANS. 1 PITCH
60. ON A FLAT BELT DRIVE WITH VARIOUS PULLEY WIDTHS, THE BELT WIDTH IS DETERMINED BY
ANS. THE NARROWEST PULLEY
61. ON A SHAFT WITH THREE SPLIT ANTI-FRICTION PILLOW BLOCKS, HOW MANY BEARINGS SHOULD BE FIXED
ANS. ONE
62. A HEAVY LOADED DRIVE HAS TO BE REPEATEDLY STARTED, MOTOR OVERLOAD IS REDUCED BY USING
ANS. CENTRIFUGAL COUPLING
63. A FRICTION CLUTCH CAN BE ENGAGED

ANS. AT ANY TIME
64. THE MECHANISM THAT CAN BE USED TO CHANGE DIRECTION OF MOTION AND INCREASE OR DECREASE
FORCE OR TRAVEL IS A
ANS. BELL CRANK
65. WHAT TYPE OF GEAR IS USED ON AN ARBOR PRESS

ANS. RACK AND PINION

DRIVE FORMULAS
1. TO KNOW BELT SPEED
ANS. ( FORMULA ) S = .262 X PULLEY DIAMETER ( IN INCHES ) X PULLEY RPM
NOTE: 3.1416 ( 12 = 0.2618 OR 0.262
2. TO FIND ARC OF CONTACT
A = ARC OF CONTACT
D = LARGER DIAMETER OF SHEAVE (IN INCHES)
d = SMALLER DIAMETER OF SHEAVE ( IN INCHES )
C = CENTRE DISTANCE ( IN FEET )
ANS. ( FORMULA ) A = 180( - 4.8 ( D d )

C
NOTE: 180 ( 3.1416 = 57.29 57.29 ( 12 = 4.77 OR 4.8
3. LENGTH OF BELT (FORMULA)
STRAIGHT BELT - EQUAL PULLY
NOTE: - - - LENGTH OF BELT BETWEEN PULLEYS CAN BE APPROXIMATED BY USING THIS FORMULA.
THE DIFFERENCE OF ERROR INCREASES WITH THE VARIOUS CHANGES IN SIZES BETWEEN THE PULLEYS
L = LENGTH
D = DIAMETER IN INCHES
C = CENTRE DISTANCE IN INCHES
ANS. ( FORMULA ) L = 3.1416 X D + 2C
4. HOW CAN YOU SLIGHTLY INCREASE THE ARC OF CONTACT WITH TWO PULLEYS OF UNEQUAL DIAMETER
ANS. BY INCREASINF THE CENTRE-TO-CENTRE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PULLEYS
RULES FOR GEARING CALCULATIONS

RPM OF DRIVEN GEAR = NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVER X RPM OF DRIVER
NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVEN GEAR
NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVEN GEAR = NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVER X RPM OF DRIVER

RPM OF DRIVEN GEAR
RPM OF DRIVEN GEAR = NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVEN GEAR X RPM OF DRIVEN GEAR
NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVER
NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVER GEAR = NUMBER OF TEETH OF DRIVEN GEAR X RPM OF DRIVEN GEAR
RPM OF DRIVER
GEAR RATIO = NUMBER OF TEETH ON LARGER GEAR

NUMBER OF TEETH ON SMALL GEAR

ROLLER CHAIN SPEED
V = VELOCITY IN FT. PER MINUTE

T = TEETH IN SPROCKET
P = PITCH IN INCHES
CHAIN SPEED IS EXPRESSED IN FEET PER MINUTE OR METERS PER MINUTE
V OR FT. PER MINUTE = RPM X T X P OR 84 X 18 X .500 = 63

12
ANS. 63 FEET PER MINUTE
CHAIN DEFINITIONS
DRIVE SPROCKET:
USUALLY, THE DRIVER SPROCKET IS THE SMALLER OF THE TWO SPROCKETS AND THE ONE HAVING THE
HIGHEST R.P.M.
DRIVEN SPROCKET:
THE DRIVEN SPROCKET IS USUALLY THE LARGER OF THE SPROCKETS AND THE ONE HAVING THE SLOWER
R.P.M.
CHAIN PITCH:
THIS IS THE DISTANCE ( IN INCHES ) FROM THE CENTRE OF ONE CONNECTING PIN TO THE CENTRE OF THE
NEXT.
CENTRE DISTANCE:
THE CENTRE DISTANCE IS THE DISTANCE ( IN INCHES ) BETWEEN THE CENTRES OF DRIVER AND DRIVEN
SHAFTS.
CHAIN LENGTH:
THE CHAIN LENGTH IS THE DISTANCE FROM CENTRE LINE OF THE CONNECTING PIN AT ONE END OF THE
STRAND TO THE EMPTY CONNECTING HOLE AT THE OPPOSITE END. CHAINS CAN BE MEASURED IN FEET
AND INCHES, OR IN PITCHES.
CHAIN RATING:
THE CHAIN RECOMMENDED WORKING LOAD, IS THE LOAD IN POUNDS THAT THE CHAIN WILL
SATISFACTORILY HANDLE OVER EXTENDED PERIODS OF TIME. MOST MANUFACTURERS RATE THEIR
CHAINS IN MAXIMUM OR AVERAGE WORKING LOAD.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH:
THIS IS THE STRENGHT OF THE CHAIN BEFORE IT WILL BREAK. THIS IS NOT A GOVERNING FACTOR IN THE
SELECTION OF THE CHAIN. HOWEVER, IT GIVES YOU THE SHOCK LOADING CAPACITY OF THE CHAIN.
PITCH DIAMETER:
THIS IS THE THEORETICAL CIRCLE DESCRIBED BY THE CENTRE LINE OF THE CHAIN AS IT PASSES OVER THE
SPROCKET. THE P. D. OF A SPROCKET IS USUALLY BELOW THE TOP OF THE TOOTH OR OUTSIDE DIAMETER
(O. D.) OF THE SPROCKET. ON DRIVES THAT HAVE SHORTENED TEETH (SUCH AS SILENT CHAINS) THE PITCH
DIAMETER MAY BE LARGER THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE CIRCLE AT THE TOP OF THE TEETH.
STANDARD ROLLER CHAIN NUMBERS
THE RIGHT HAND FIGURE IN THE CHAIN NUMBER IS ZERO FOR ROLLER CHAINS OF THE USUAL PROPORTIONS, 1 FOR A
LIGHTWEIGHT CHAIN AND 5 FOR A ROLLERLESS BUSHING CHAIN.
THE NUMBER TO THE LEFT OF THE RIGHT-HAND FIGURE DENOTES THE NUMBER IF 1/8 INCH IN THE PITCH.
THE LETTER H FOLLOWING THE CHAIN NUMBER DENOTES THE HEAVY SERIES, THUS THE NUMBER 80H DENOTES A 1
INCH PITCH HEAVY CHAIN.
THE HYPHENATED NUMBER 2 SUFFIXED TO THE CHAIN NUMBER DENOTES A DOUBLE STRAND, 3 A TRIPLE STRAND, 4
A QUADRUPLE STRAND AND SO ON.
HEAVY SERIES:
THESE CHAINS MADE IN INCH AND LARGER PITCHES HAVE THICKER LINK PLATES THAN THOSE OF THE REGULAR
STANDARD.
LIGHTWEIGHT MACHINERY CHAIN:
THIS CHAIN IS DESIGNATED AS NO. 41. IT IS INCH PITCH, INCH WIDE HAS 0.306 DIAMETER ROLLERS, 0.141 INCH
PIN DIAMETER AND SIDE PLATES 0.050 INCH THICK, MEASURING LOAD IS 18 POUNDS.

METALLURGY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FERROUS METALS:
BRITTLENESS -IS THE PROPERTY OF A METAL WHICH PERMITS NO PERMANENT DISTORTION BEFORE BREAKING. CAST
IRON, WHICH BREAKS EASILY, IS AN EXAPLE OF BRITTLE METAL.
DUCTILITY - IS THE ABILITY OF THE METAL TO BE PERMANENTLY DEFORMED WITHOUT BREAKING. METALS
SUCH AS MACHINE ( MILD ) STEEL, WHICH MAY BE DRAWN INTO WIRE IS A DUCTILE MATERIAL.
ELASTICITY - IS THE ABILITY OF A METAL TO RETURN TO ITS ORIGINAL SHAPE AFTER ANY FORCE, ACTING UPON
IT, HAS BEEN REMOVED. PROPERLY HEAT-TREATED SPRINGS ARE GOOD EXAMPLES OF ELASTIC MATERIALS.
HARDNESS -MAY BE DEFINED AS THE RESISTENCE TO FORCEABLE PENETRATION OR PLASTIC DEFORMATION.
MALLEABILTY -IS THAT PROPERTY OF A METAL, WHICH PERMITS IT TO BE HAMMERED OR ROLLED INTO OTHER SIZES
AND SHAPES.
TENSILE STRENGTH - IS THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF PULL THAT A MATERIAL WILL WITHSTAND BEFORE BREAKING. IT
IS EXPRESSED AS THE NUMBER OF POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH OF PULL THAT IS REQUIRED TO BREAK A BAR HAVING
A CROSS SECTION OF ONE SQUARE INCH.
TOUGHNESS - IS THE PROPERTY OF A METAL TO WITHSTAND IMPACT OR SHOCK.
ANNEALING -ANNEALING CONSISTS OF HEATING STEEL TO ABOVE ITS CRITICAL RANGE AND THEN ALLOWING IT TO
COOL SLOWLY.
NORMALIZING -IT CONSISTS OF HEATING SOMEWHAT ABOVE CRITICAL THE RANGE, FOLLOWED BY AIR-COOLING.
HARDENING -IS ACOMPLISHED BY HEATING THE STEEL BEYOND THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE AND FOLLOWING BY
RELATIVELY FAST COOLING. IF HEATING FOR HARDENING IS BEING ACCOMPLISHED IN THE FORGE FIRE THE COLOR
SHOULD BE A FULL RED AND TO CHECK ON THE TEMPERATURE A MAGNET MAY BE USED, AS THE STEEL AT OR ABOVE
THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE SHOULD BE NON-MAGNETIC. IF THE MAGNET IS BEING USED WHILE THE TEMPERATURE
IS BEING RAISED FROM THE ROOM TEMPERATURE, THE CORRECT POINT TO STOP HEATING IS WHERE THE STEEL NO
LONGER RESPONDS TO THE PULL OF THE MAGNET. IF A FURNACE IS BEING USED TO HEAT THE STEEL TO THE
HARDENING HEAT A PYROMETER AIDS GREATLY IN DETERMINING THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE.
TEMPERING -TEMPERING IS THE APPLICATION OF HEAT AFTER HARDENING. THE PURPOSE IS TO RELIEVE SOME OF
THE HARDENING STRAINS AND ALSO TO SOFTEN THE STEEL. TEMPERING IS ACCOMPLISHED BY HEATING TO SOME
PREDETERMINED TEMPERATURE AND FOLLOWED BY ANY RATE OF COOLING.
1. WHAT IS MEANT BY A PLAIN CARBON STEEL

ANS. STEEL WHICH CONTAINS ONLY CARBON AND NO OTHER MAJOR ALLOY ELEMENT
2. WHAT IS MEANT BY AN ALLOY STEEL

ANS. A CARBON STEEL TO WHICH ONE OR MORE ELEMENTS ARE ADDED
3. DEFINE HEAT TREATMENT

ANS. THE HEATING AND COOLING OF STEEL TO GIVE IT SPECIFIC DESIRABLE QUALITIES.
4. MAGANESE IS BOTH ESSENTIAL AND A RESPECTED ELEMENT IN STEEL AND IS SOMETIMES

CALLED
ANS. THE TOUGHENER
5. SCRAP STEEL, LIMESTONE AND MOLTEN PIG IRON ARE THE BASIC CHARGE FOR
ANS. OPEN HEARTH FURNACE
6. THE PRINCIPLE ALLOYING ELEMENTS CONTAINED IN STAINLESS STEEL ARE

ANS. CHROMIUM AND NICKEL
7. THE AMOUNT OF CARBON IN A PLAIN CARBON STEEL DETERMINES THAT STEELS

ANS. HARDNESS
8. S. A. E. 1020 STEEL CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY

ANS. .20% CARBON ( 0.18 0.23 )
9. BEFORE A CARBON STEEL IS CONSIDERED HARDENABLE BY HEATING AND QUENCHING ALONE, IT

SHOULD CONTAIN A MINIMUM OF
ANS. 0.35% CARBON
10. WHAT IS MEANT BY ANNEALING

ANS. HEATING STEEL TO ABOVE ITS CRITICAL RANGE AND THEN ALLOWING IT TO COOL SLOWLY.
11. WHAT IS THE OPERATION CALLED TEEMING

ANS. POURING MOLTON METAL FROM ALADLE INTO INGOT MOLDS
12. WHICH IS NOT A FERROUS METAL COPPER, CAST IRON, STEEL OR WROUGHT IRON.
ANS. COPPER
13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FERROUS METAL ARE

ANS. 1. TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND BRITTLENESS
2. DUCTIBILITY AND ELASTICITY
3. TENSILE STRENGTH AND MALLEABLITY
14. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FERROUS METALS IS SO BRITTLE THAT IT CAN BE EASILY BROKEN
ANS. CAST IRON
15. WHAT IS HIGH CARBON STEEL

ANS. STEEL CONTAINING 0.60% MORE OF CARBON
16. DEFINE INDUCTION HEATING

ANS. A METHOD OF HEATING METAL BY MEANS OF AN INDUCTION COIL
17. DEFINE NORMALIZING STEEL

ANS. THE HEATING OF STEEL TO APPROX. 100(F ABOVE ITS CRITICAL TEMPERATURE, THEN COOLING IT
IN AIR
18. WHY IS LIMESTONE USED IN A BLAST FDURNACE

ANS. TO PROVIDE A FLUX
19. DEFINE TEMPERING OF METAL

ANS. A PROCESS THAT REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF HARDNESS IN METAL BY REHEATING THE METAL
BELOW THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE.
20. DEFINE KILLED STEEL

ANS. STEEL FROM WHICH GAS HAS BEEN REMOVED IN THE LADLE BY THE ADDITION OF DEOXIDIZERS

21. DEFINE CASE HARDENING
ANS. A METHOD OF CREATING A HARD THIN FILM OVER THE SURFACE OF LOW CARBON STEEL
22. THE METHOD OF HARDENING LOW-CARBON STEEL BY PLACING IT IN CONTACT WITH A

CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL IS CALLED
ANS. PACK HARDENING
23. THE UPPER LIMIT OR STRENGTH OF STEEL BEYONG WHICH IT WILL NOT RETURN TO ITS ORIGINAL
SHAPE IS CALLED
ANS. ELASTIC LIMIT
24. THE FURNACES WHICH HAVE THEIR HEARTH OPEN TO THE FLAMES WHICH MELT THE CHARGE IS
CALLED
ANS. OPEN HEARTH
25. A STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE BY WHICH THE HERDENABILITY OF A STEEL IS DETERMINED IS

CALLED
ANS. JOMINY TEST
26. IDENTIFYING METALS BY OBSERVING THE SPARKS WHEN THE METAL IS HELD TO A GRINDING
WHEEL IS CALLED
ANS. SPARK TEST
27. AN INSTUMENT FOR DETERMING ELEVATED TEMPERATURES IS CALLED

ANS. PYROMETER
28. IN A BLAST FURNACE THE FIRST STEP IN THE MANUFACTURING OF CAST IRON OR STEEL IS THE
PRODUCTION OF
ANS. PIG IRON
29. WHICH FURNACE USES AN ELECTRODE TO MELT THE STEEL SCRAP

ANS. ELECTRIC FURNACE
30. IN A HEAT TREATMENT FURNACE, WHAT IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PYROMETER TO

CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE
ANS. THERMOCOUPLE
31. WHAT IS THE CHIEF RAW MATERIAL USED TO MAKE IROM STEEL
ANS. IRON ORE
32. PLAIN CARBON STEELS CONTAIN WHAT PERCENTAGE OF CARBON

ANS. 0.80 TO 1.7
33. WHAT ARE ALLOY STEELS

ANS. STEELS OTHER ELEMENTS CONTAINING IN ADDITION TO CARGON
34 WHAT IS DONE TO STEEL TO RELIEVE STRESSES AND STRAINS

ANS. NORMALIZE

LUBRICATION
1. WHEN REFERRING TO OIL THE TERM VISCOSITY MEANS
ANS. THE ABILITY TO FLOW
2. MATCH THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF LUBRICANTS WITH THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

A. HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICANT 1. THIN FILM
B. BOUNDARY LUBRICANT 2. LIGHT GREASE
C. INCOMPLETE LUBRICANT 3. THICH FILM
ANS. A--3 B--1 C--2
3. LOW VISCOSITY OIL IS

ANS. THIN LIKE WATER
4. WHICH IS THE SIMPLEST AUTOMATIC METHOD OF LUBRICATING ENCASED CHAIN DRIVES

ANS. SPLASH LUBRICATION
5. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF A LUBRICANT

ANS. TO REDUCE THE FRICTION ANS RSULTANT HEAT BETWEEN ADJACENT MACHINE PARTS WHICH MOVE IN
RELATION TO EACH OTHER
6. HOW IS OIL KEPT FROM RUNNING OUT THE SHAFTS OF A GEAR BOX
ANS. BY USING AN OIL SEAL
7. PARALLEL SHAFT REDUCERS HAVING SPLASH LUBRICATION REQUIRE THE REDUCER TO HAVE
ANS. OIL TROUGHS OR DAMS
8. WHAT IS USED WITH OIL WHEN USING THE OIL MIST LUBRICATION SYSTEM
ANS. CLEAN DRY AIR
9. WHAT HAPPENS AS AN OIL OXIDIZES AND PICKS UP IMPURITIES

ANS. THE OIL TURNS A DARKER COLOUR
10. WHEN SPEAKING OF OIL WHAT IS POUR POINT

ANS. THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH OIL WILL FLOW UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GRAVITY
11. DRIP FEED OILERS (DRIP OILERS) ARE ADVANTAGEOUS BECAUSE

ANS. 1. GIVES A VISUAL SIGHT CHECK
2. MEANS OF CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF OIL
3. CAN BE SHUT OFF WHEN THE MACHINE IS NOT IN USE
12. WHAT IS THE OLDEST METHOD OF APPLYING OIL

ANS. HAND OILER SQUIRT CAN
13. WHAT ARE THE TWO OIL LUBRICATING SYSTEMS

ANS. ONCE TROUGH AND ENCLOSED SYSTEMS
14. THREE KINDS OF FRICTION ARE

ANS. SLIDING, ROLLING AND FLUID
15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A MULTIGRADE OPIL

A. SAE 20
SAE 10W30
SAE 30
SAE 40
ANS. SAE 10W30

FABRICATION
1. WHICH OPPERATIONS ARE INCLUDED IN SHEET METAL DEVELOPMENTS

ANS. CUTTING AND BENDING OPERATION
2. HEMS AND JOINST ARE MADE BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS

ANS. BENDING THE SHEET METAL TO THE PARTS SLIP TOGETHER
3. SHEET METAL IS A FLAT METAL 12 OR MORE INCHES WIDE WITH A THICHNESS LESS THAN
ANS. 0.25
4. SCISSOR LIKE TOOLS FOR CUTTING METAL ARE CALLED

ANS. SNIPS
5. BENDS ARE MADE WHEN FORMING SHEET METAL, OVER DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEEL ANVILS
CALLED
ANS. BENCH STAKES
6. WIDE SHEETS OF SHEET STOCK IS CALLED

ANS. COILS
7. IN SHEET METAL WORKWHAT IS MENT BY THE TERM DEVILOPMENT

ANS. ALL SHAPING AND FORMING OF SHEET METAL, EXCEPT FOR STRETCHING
8. REMOVING THE BURRS AND JAGGED AREAS ON CUT SHEET METAL IS KNOWN AS
ANS. DRESSING
9. THE CURVED SLIVERS OF METAL THAT SOMETIMES REMAIN ON THE EDGE OF CUT SHEET METAL
IS CALLED
ANS. FISH HOOKS
10. WHAT MATERIALS MAY THE FACE OF SOFT- FACED HAMMERS BE MADE OF
ANS. PLASTIC, COPPER AND LEAD

WELDING
1. BEFORE TURNING ON ANY CYLINDER VALVE THE

ANS. REGULATOR ADJUSTING SCREW SHOULD BE DISENGAGED
2. THE SELECTION OF THE PROPER CUTTING DEPENDS MAINLY UPON

ANS. THICKNESS OF THE STEEL TO BE CUT
3. THE FLAME ADJUSTMENT BEST SUITED FOR CUTTING MILD STEEL IS

ANS. NUTRAL FLAME
4. TO ALLOW THROUGH PENETRATION AND FUSION WHAT TYPE V IS NEEDED

ANS. 908 V
5. TWO CABLES ARE NECESSARY WHEN ARC WELDING TO

ANS. TO COMPLETE THE CIRCUIT
6. DIRECT CURRENT STRAIGHT IS OBTAINED BY

ANS. CONNECTING THR ELECTRODE TO NEGATIVE
7. FREE ACETYLENE GAS SHOULD NEVER BE USED IN EXCESS OF

ANS. 15 P.S.I.
8. THE JOINING OF TWO OR MORE PIECES OF METAL BY MELTING THEM AD CAUSING THEM TO FLOW
TOGETHER IS KNOWN AS
ANS. FUSION WELDING
9. THE AVERAGE PRESSURE IN OXYGEN CYLINDERS AT 70(F IS

ANS 2200 P.S.I.
10. THE ACETYLENE REGULATOR MAY BE DISTINGUISHED FROM THE OXYGEN REGULATOR BY
ANS. THE GRUVE CUT IN THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE REGULATOR CONNECTING THE NUT
11. AN ACETYLENE HOSEFITTING HAS A

ANS. LEFT HAND THREAD
12. WHY IS IT BEST TO KEEP ACETYLENE CYLINDER UPWRIGHT AT ALL TIMES

ANS. IF AN ACETYLENE CYLINDER IS USED IN THE HORIZONTAL POSITION, SOLVENT MAY BE LOST AND FLAME
QUALITY MAY BE AFFECTED
13. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF CHEMICAL COATING ON ARC WELDING ROD

ANS. 1. PROVIDES A GASEOUS SHIELD AROUND THE ARC WHICH PROTECTS THE MOLTEN METAL OF THE
ELECTROD AGAINST OXIDIZATION IN CONTACT WITH THE OXYGEN ANDAND NITROGEN OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
2. PROVIDES A MOLTEN FLUX FOR THE MOLTEN POOL, CARRIES IMPURITIES TO THE SURFACE OF THE WELD
AND FORMS A PROTECTIVE SLAG WHICH INSOLATES THE WELDED JOINT AGAINST THE COOLING AFFECTOF
THE ATMOSPHERE
3. IT STABELIZES THE ARC AND CONTROLS FLUIDITY OF THE METAL
4. IT TRANS MITS ALLOYING AGENTS IN ARC, TO MATCH THE BASE METAL
ELECTROD COATING AS WELL AS PROTECTING THE WELD FROM HARME FUL ELEMENTS IN THE
ATMOSPHERE, HAS A GREAT EFFECT OF THE NATURE OF THE WELD WHICH IS PRODUCED
14. WHY IS FLUX USED FHEN BRAZING

ANS. INVISABLE OXIZEDS MAY BE DISOLVED, ALSO COMBINES WITHMETALIC IMPURITIES AND CARRIES THEM TO
THE SURFACE OF THE BONDED JOINT
15. HOW IS THE PROPER WAY TO GROUND A WELDING MACHINE

ANS. SECURE AND NO CURRENT THROUGH BEARINGS
GAUGE - - - - SHEET METAL

(GAUGE NO.) 3 . 2391 (INCH THICKNESS)
4 .2242
5 .2092
6 .1943
7 .1793
8 .1644
9 .1495
10 .1345
11 .1196
12 .1046
13 .0897
14 .0747
15 .0673
16 .0598
17 .0538
18 .0478
19 .0418
20 .0359
REF. - - - MACHINERYS HANDBOOK
METAL THICKNESS TIP SIZE OXYGEN P.S.I. ACETYLENE P.S.I.

1/8 000 20 3
3/16 00 20 3
0 30 4
3/8 0 35 4
1 35 4
5/8 2 40 4
2 36 4
1 2 41 4
1 2 51 4
1 3 42 5
2 3 47 5
2 4 38 5
3 4 44 5
4 4 54 5
5 5 56 6
6 5 67 6
8 5 78 6
10 6 83 6
12 6 125 6
14 7 100 7

HAND TOOLS
1. WHY IS IT BETTER TO REDRESS THE SIDES OF A SCREWDRIVER BLADE ON THR FACE OF THE GRINDING
WHEEL
ANS. IT MAKES THE SIDES OF THE BLADE SLIGHTLY OS IT FITS THE SLOT OF THE SCREW BETTER
2. WHAT ARE VISE JAW CAPS ( SOFT JAWS ) SUED FOR

ANS. TO PREVENT MARKING OF THE WORK PIECE BY THE SERRATED TEETH OF THE VISE JAW
3. WHEN USING A OPEN END WRENCH DOUBLE HEAD ( DOUBLE ENDED WRENCH ) HOW CAN YOU LOOSEN
A NUT IN A RECTRICTED PLACE
ANS. TURN THE WRENCH OVER
4. WHEN USING A OPEN END WRENCH, WHY IS IT BEST TO PULL THE WRENCH IN THE CORRECT DIRECTION
ANS. TO AVOID SPREADING THE WRENCH OPENING
5. CHISELS AND PUNCHES ARE DANGEROUS IF THERE STRIKING FACES BECOME

ANS. MUSHROOMED
6. WHY IS IT BEST TO HAVE THE CUTTING EDGE OF A CHISLE CONVEX

ANS. TO SAVE THE CORNERS OF THE CUTTING EDGE
7. WHAT DOES A TORQUE WRENCH MESURE

ANS. RESISTANCE TO TURNING
8. WHAT PUNCH IS USED IN SHIFTING PARTS SO CORRESPONDING HOLES LINE UP

ANS. ALIGNING PUNCH
9. WHAT CAUSES PINNING

ANS. TOO MUCH PRESSURE ON THE FILE ESPECIALLY WHEN USING A SMOOTH FILE
10. WHEN SMALL PARTICALS OF THE MATERIAL BEING FILLED BECOMES CLOGGED IN THE TEETH OF THE FILE IT
IS CALLED
ANS. PINNING
11. WHY SHOULD A HAND REAMER ALWAYS BE TURNING IN A CLOCKWISE DIRECTION

1. NOT TO DULL THE REAMER
2. TO ALLOW THE CUTTINGS TO ESCAPE
3. TO HAVE AN ACCURATE SIZE HOLE
4. THIS IS THE CUTTING DIRECTION
ANS. 1, 3 AND 4
12. WHAT IS THE LEAST NUMBER OF TEETHWHICH SHOULD CONTACT THE MATERIAL BEING SAWED
ANS. TWO TEETH
13. THE THIN SECTION BETWEEN THE FLUTES ON A DRILL GIVES RIGIDITY AND STRENGTH WHICH IS CALLED
THE
ANS. WEB
14. TOOL USED TO TIGHTEN NUTS AND BOLTS TO PROPER TORQUE

ANS. TORQUE WRENCH

POWER TOOLS
1. NAME FOUR OF THE MOST ESSENTAIL PARTS OF AN ENGIN LATHE

ANS. BED, CARRAGE, HEAD STOCK, TAIL STOCK
2. THE SIZE OF THE LATHE IS DETERMINED BY

ANS. SWING AND LENGTH OF THE BED
3. CUTTING SPEED ON THE LATH IS MESURED IN

ANS. FEET PER MINUTE
4. THE TAPER ON THE LATHE TAIL STOCK SPINDIL IS A

ANS. MORSE TAPER
5. THE TOOL HOLDER RECOMMENDED FOR MACHINING WORK CLOSE TO THE LATHE CHUCK JAWS
IS THE
ANS. LEFT HAND
6. THE MANDREL IS USED TO HOLD

ANS. REAMED OR BORED WORK BETWEEN THE CERTRES
7. ONE IMPORTANT ADVANTAGEOF THE RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE IS

ANS. LARGER AND HEAVER WORK MAY BE DRILLED
8. A DRILL DRIFT IS
ANS. A TAPERED WEDGE USED FOR REMOVING DRILLS
9. HOW IS THE SIZE OF THE DRILL PRESS DETERMINED

ANS. BY THE DISTANCE IN INCHES FROM THE EDGE OF THE COLUMN TO THE CENTER OF THE SPINDLE
10. KNURLING A WORKPIECE IS DONE TO

1. PROVIDE A NON SLIP GRIP
2. ENLARGE THE DIAMETER OF THE WORKPIECE
3. INPROVE THE APPERANCE
ANS. ALL THE ABOVE
11. WHAT TWO ATTACHMENTS COULD BE USED ON THE LATHE TO SUPPORTA CYLINDRICAL SHAFT
DURING MACHINING
ANS. STEADY REST AND FOLLOW REST
12. USING TWO SIDE MILLING CUTTERSTO MACHINE THE OPPOSITE SIDES OF A
WORKPIECEPARALLEL IN ONE CUT IS CALLED
ANS. SRTADDLE MILLING
13. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE MILLING MACHINE ATTACHMENT, WHICH CONVERTS THE ROTARY
MOTION OF THE SPINDIL INTO RECIPROCATING MOTION FOR CUTTING KEYWAYS, SPLINES ETC.
ANS. SLOTTING ATTACHMENT
14. WHAT IS MENT BY TRUING A GRINDING WHEEL

ANS. THE OPERATION OF REMOVING ANY HIGH SPORTS ON THE WHEEL
15. WHAT IS MENT BY DRESSING A GRINDING WHEEL

ANS. THE OPERATION OF REMOVING THE DULL GRAINS AND METAL PARTICLES
16. WHEN TURNING A SHAFT IN A LATHE WITH TAIL STOCK OFF CENTRE
ANS. SHAFT WILL BE TAPERED
17. TO TURN DOWN A SQUARE SHAFT IN A LATHE WHAT TYPE OF CHUCK IS USED
ANS. FOUR JAW INDIPENDAN CHUCK
18. CRITICAL STAGE OF A MACHINES OPERATION RE RPM IS

ANS. OPPERATING SPEED
19. WHAT IS GEAR RATIO ON A DIVIDING HEAD

ANS. 40 1

STANDARD TAPERS
A. MORSE TAPER: 5/8 PER FOOT RANGE IN SIZE FROM #0 TO #7 (TWIST DRILLS, REAMERS, ETC)
B. JARNO: 6 PER FOOT RANGE IN SIZE FROM #2 TO #20 (SOME VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE
SPINDLES)
C. BROWN AND SHARPE TAPER 5 PER FOOT RANGE IN SIZE FROM #1 TO #18
D. STANDARD TAPER PIN PER FOOT USED FOR THE ASSEMBLY AND ALIGNMENT OF MACHINERY
E. AMERICAN STANDARD STEEP MACHINE TAPER 3 PER FOOT RANGE IN SIZE FROM #5 TO #60
(#40 AND #50 TAPERS ARE SIZES USED FOR MILLING MACHINES)
NOTE: TAPERS GREATER THAN 88 ARE USUALLY REFERRED TO AS ANGLES
FASTENING TECHNIQUES
1. IF YOU HAVE A TRIPLE STAR SHREAD WITH A PITCH OF .0833, HOW FAR WILL A NUT MOVE ALONG THE
SHAFTIN ONE COMPLETE REVOLUTION.
ANS. 0.2499
2. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF DOWEL PINS

ANS. FOR THE ASSEMBLY AND ALIGNMENT OF MACHINERY PARTS
3. MATCH THE FOLLOWING SCREW FASTENER DEFINITIONS

1. 10% STRONGER
2. FAST AND EASY ASSEMBLY
3. EASIER TO TAP HARD MATERIALS
4. LESS CHANCE OF CROSS THREADING
5. USED WITH THINNER WALL THICKNESS
6. LEAST EFFIECTED BY ABUSIVE HANDLING
ANS. COARSE THREAD --- 2,4,6.
FINE THREAD --- 1,3,5.
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING KEYS REQUIRE A SPECIAL SHAPE MILLING CUTTER TO PRODUCE THE KEYSEAT
ANS. WOODRUFF KEY
5. CLASSES OF THREAD FITS 1A, 2A, AND 3A REAFER TO

ANS. EXTERNAT THREADS
6. TORQUE VALUES ARE DESIGNED TO

1. GIVE PROPER RE LOAD ON FASTENERS
2. CHECK THE LENGTH OF THE FASTENER
3. CHECK THE DIAMETER OF THE FASTENER
4. PREVENT SHEARING OF THREADS
ANS. 1 AND 4
7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING NEEDS A LEFT HAND THREAD

ANS. TURN BUCKEL
8. THE PIN USED FOR ALIGNMENT IS A

ANS. DOWEL PIN
9. WOODRUFF KEYS ARE DESIGNATED BY

ANS. NUMBER
10. STANDARD TAPER PINS HAVE THE FOLLOWING TAPER PER FOOT
ANS. INCH
11. THE WIDTH IS OF A SQUARE KEY IN A SHAFT SHOULD BE

ANS. THE DIAMETER OF THE SHAFT
12. GIB HEAD TAPER KEYS HAVE A TAPER OF

ANS. 1/8 TAPER IN 12 INCHES
13. THE STRONGEST SCREW THREAD IS PRODUCED WITH

ANS. A THREAD ROLLING MACHINE
14. TENSILE STRENGTH IN EFFECT, IS DETERMINED BY MEASURING THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND

ANS. A DIRECTLY APPLIED PULL
15. TENSILE STRENGTH IS MEASURED IN

ANS. LBS. PER SQUARE INCH
16. THE DISTANCE FROM A POINT ON A THREAD TO THE CORRESPONDING POINT ON THE NEXT THREAD IS
CALLED
ANS. PITCH
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
MAJOR DIAMETER - OR OUTSIDE DIAMETER IS THE LARGEST DIAMETER OF A SCRWE THREAD OF NUT
MINOR DIAMETER IS THE SMALLEST DIAMETER ACROSS THE BOTTOM. THIS WAS FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE ROOT
DIAMETER.
INCLUDE ANGEL OF A THREAD IS THE ANGEL BETWEEN EACH SIDE OF THE THREAD. FOR EXAMPLE, THE INCLUDED
ANGEL OF A AMERICAN NATIONAL FORM THREAD IS 608
PITCH (P) IS THE DISTANCE FROM ANYONE ONE POINT ON ONE THREAD TO THE CORRESPONDING POINT ON THE
NEXT THREAD MEASURED ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE WORK, OR P = .1/TPI (THREAD PER INCH )
LEAD IS THE DISTANCE THREAD ADVANCES IN ONE COMPLETE TURN ALONG ITS AXIS. FOR EXAMPLE ON A SINGEL
THREAD THE LEAD IS EQUAL TO THE PITCH; ON A DOUBLE THREAD (THE THREAD WITH TWO STARTS) THE LEAD IS
EQUAL TO TWICE THE PITCH
CREST IS THE TOP OR PEAK OF EACH THREAD
ROOT IS THE BOTTOM OF THE GROOVE OF EACH THREAD
DEPTH OF THREAD IS THE VERTICAL DISTANCE FROM THE ROOT TO THE CREST OF THE THREAD
PITCH DIAMETER IS THE DIAMETER OF AN IMAGINARY CYLINDER EQUAL TO HALF THE DEPTH OF THE THREAD, IT IS
THE BASIC DIAMETER FOR ROLLING THREADS
HELIX ANGLE IS THE ANGLE DEVILOPED BY THE CIRCUMFRENCE OF THE OUTSIDE DIAMETEROF THE THREAD AND
THE PITCH, THE HELIX ANGLE IS REQUIRED FOR THREAD ROLLING DIES OR FOR THREAD MILLING
TOLERANCE IS THE AMOUNT OF VARIATION PERMITED IN THE SIZE OF A PART, FOR EXAMPLE, A TOLERANCE OF
.002 IMPLIES A VARIATION OF + OR - .001
7/8 9 UN C 2 A-B
7/8= DIAMETER OF THREADS
9= NUMBER OF THREADS PER INCH
UN= UNIFIED NATIONAL FORM THREADS
C= THREAD SERIES
2= CLASS OF FIT
A-B= EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL THREADS
SCREW THREAD CLASSES TO FIT
SCREW THREAD CLASSES TO FIT HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSURING THE
MANUFACTURE OF INTERCHANGABLE SCREW THREAD PARTS.
THESE CLASSES INCLUDE 1A, 2A, AND 3A AS APPLIED TO EXTERNAL THREADS, AND 1B, 2B, AND 3B
APPLIED TO INTERNAL THREADS.
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A SCREW THREAD FITFOR SPECIAL APLICATIONS CAN BE MET BY SPECIFYING
THE PROPER COMBINATION OF CLASSES FOR THE COMPONENTS. MOST REQUIREMENTS, HOWEVER,
WILL BE SATISFIED BY SELECTING ONE OF THE FOLLOWING COMBINATIONS; ANY VARIATION IN THESE
THREAD ELEMENTS MUST BE DEDUCTED FROM THE PITCH DIAMETER TOLERENCE .
CLASS 1A AND 1B --- THESE CLASSES 1A EXTERNAL AND 1B INTERNAL ARE USED ON THREDED
COMPONENTS WHERE QUICK AND EASY ASSEMBLY IS NECESSARY,AND WHERE A LIBERAL ALLOWANCE IS
REQUIRED TO PERMIT READY ASSEMBLY, EVEN WITH SLIGHTLY BRUISED OR DIRT CLOGGED THREADS
CLASSES 2A AND 2B --- THESE CLASSES 2A EXTERNAL AND 2B INTERNAL, ARE DESIGNED FOR SCREWS,
BOLTS, AND NUTS. THEY ARE ALSO SUITED FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF OTHER APPLICATIONS.AN
ALLOWENCE IS PROVIDED WHICH MINIMIZES GALLING AND SEIZURE AS ENCOUNTERED IN ASSEMBLY
AND USE. TO A LIMITED EXTENT, IT ALSO ACCOMODATES PLATING, FINISHES, OR COATINGS.
CLASSES 3A AND 3B --- THESE CLASSES 3A EXTERNAL AND 3B INTERNAL, ARE PROVIDED FOR THOSE
APPLICATIONS WHERE CLOSENESS TO FIT AND ACCURACY OF LEAD ARE IMPORTANT. THESE THREADS ARE
CONTAINED CONSISTANCLY ONLY THROUGH THE USE OF HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTION SUPPORTED BY A
VERY EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF GAUGING AND INSPECTION.
THE PITCH DIAMETER FOR CLASSES 1, 2, ANS 3 FOR EACH STANDARD DIAMETER AND NUMBER OF
THREADS PER INCH MAY BE FOUND IN MOST MECHANICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOKS.
KEYS
1. SQUARE KEY (WIDTH IS USUALLY DIAMETER OF SHAFT)

2. GIB HEAD TAPER KEY (THIS KEY IS TAPERED)
3. PRATT AND WHITNEY KEY (ENDS ARE ROUNDED)
4. WOODRUFF KEY (SEMICIRCULAR IN SHAPE)
KEY SEAT -- IS MACHINED IN THE SHAFT.

KEYWAY IS MACHINED IN THE HUB.
BLUEPRINT
1. A BLUE PRINT WITH 3 VIEWS IS CALLED
ANS. ORTHOGRAPHIC
2. THE PURPOSE OF A AUXILARY VIEW IS TO SHOW

ANS. THE TRUE SHAPE AND SIZE OF AN INCLINED SURFACE
3. THE LOCATION OF AN AUXILIARY VIEW IS PLOTTED BY USING

ANS. PROJECTION LINES
4. WHAT IS THE CUTTING PLANE LINE

ANS. AN IMAGINARY LINE
5. WHAT ARE PHANTOM LINES

ANS. 1. LINES USED TO INDICATE THE ALTERNATE POSITIONOF A PART
2. LINES WHICH SHOW THE POSITION OF THE ADJOINING PART
6. THE MOST PROMINENT LINE ON A DRAWING SHOULD BE

ANS. THE OBJECT LINE
7. WHAT IS MENT BY ALPHABET OF LINES

ANS. IT MEANS THE SAME IN DRAWINGS AS LETTERS MEAN TO WORDS
8. A CIRCLE DRAWN IN ISOMETRIC APPEARS AS AN

ANS. ELLIPSE
9. A STRIGHT LINE GOINING ANY TWO POINTS ON THE CIRCUMFRENCE OF A CIRCLE IS CALLED A/AN
ANS. CHORD
10. A LINE THAT TOUCHES BUT DOES NOT CUT THE CIRCUMFRENCE OF A CIRCLE IS CALLED A
ANS. TANGENT
11. THE AMOUNT OF VARIATION ALLOWED ON A DIMENTION IS CALLED THE

ANS. TOLERANCE
12. WHAT IS A BOLT CIRCLE

ANS. A CIRCULAR CENTER LINE
13. WHAT IS MENT WHEN IS TI STATED THAT AN OBJECT IS DRAWN TO SCALE

ANS. TO PREPARE VIEWS OF IT TO A SIZE THAT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS ACTUAL SIZE
14. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DEGREES IN ANY TRIANGLE IS

ANS. 1808
15.EACH PART OF A CIRCLE WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO 12 PARTS IS EQUAL TO

ANS. 308
MEASUREMENT
1. A LARGE CIRCLE MAY BE MADE WITH A TOOL CALLED
ANS. TRAMMEL
2. THE DIVISIONS ON A STEEL RULE ARE CALLED

ANS. GRADUATIONS
3. THE DIVICE THAT COMPRESSES THREE INTERCHANGEABLE TOOS ( SQUARE , CENTER HEAD, AND
PROTRACTOR ) IS
ANS. COMBINATION SET
4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SCALE AND A RULE

1. A SCALE IS GRADUATED IN PROPORTION TO A UNIT OF LENGTH
2. THE MACHINISTS STEEL RULE, THE GRADUATIONS REPRESENTE FULL SIZE INCHES
3. BOTH CAN BE MAD FROM THE SAME TYPE OF METAL
ANS. ALL OF THE ABOVE
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE SOURCES OF MEASUREMENT ERROR

1. INHERENT INSTRUMENT ERROR
2. OBSERVATIONAL ERROR
3. MAINPULATIVE ERROR
4. BIAS
ANS. ALL THE ABOVE
6. WHAT IS THE REFERENCE POINT

ANS. STARTING POINT
7. WHAT IS THE MEASURED POINT

ANS. THE POINT WHERETHE CORRECT MEASUREMENT SHOWS ON THE STEEL RULE
8. FEELER GAUGES ARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF

ANS. CHECKING CLEARENCES BETWEEN TWO SURFACES IN THOUSANDTHS OF AN INCH
9. THE FLEXABLE STEEL RULE IS PARTICULARY USEFULL IN MEASURING

ANS. CURVED SURFACES
10. TO ENSURE A DIAMETER WILL BE MEASURED CORRECTLY WHEN A CALIPER IS USED, THE
CALAPER SHOULD BE
ANS. SLIPED OVER WITH A DELICAT TOUCH
11. ALL MEASUREMENT REQUIRES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING

1. THE PART
2. THE MEASUREING DEVICE
3. THE STANDARD
ANS. ALL THE ABOVE
12. A TOOL THAT CAN BE USED TO MAKE ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS BUT MUST BE USED WITH A
MICRO METER
ANS. TELESCOPING GAUGE
13. THE VERNIER CALIPER HAS AN ADVANRAGE OVER THE VERNER MICROMETER IN THAT IT
ANS. CAN BE USED TO MAKE BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE MEASUREMENTS OVER THE RANGE OF SIZE
14. STRIGHTEDGES ARE USED TO

1. CHECH SURFACES FOR FLATNESS
2. ACT AS A GUIDE WHEN SCRIBING LONG, STRIGHT LINES IN LAYOUT WORK
. 3. LINE UP PULLIES, SHEAVES ETC.
ANS. ALL THE ABOVE
15. PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS ARE DIVIDED INTO CATEGORIES WHICH ARE
1. FOR OUTSIDE MEASUREMENT
2. FOR INSIDE MEASUREMENT
3. FOR DEPTH MEASUREMENT
4. FOR THREAD MEASUREMENT
ANS. ALL THE ABOVE

16. A VERNIER GUAGE WEIGHT IS ALWAYS USED WITH A

ANS. SURFACE PLATE OR AN ACCURAT FLAT SURFACE
17. A SMALL HOLE GUAGE MEASURES BY

ANS. USING A TAPERED PLUNGER WHICH IS DRAWN UP BY THE SCEW CAUSING THE TWO HALVES OF
THE BALL TO OPEN UP AND CONTACT THE HOLE
18. THE VERNIER CALIPER CAN MEASURE TO WHAT PART OF AN INCH

ANS. 0.001
19. WHAT IS AN OFFSET SCRIBER

ANS. A VERNIER WEIGHT GUAGE ATTACHMENT WHICH PERMITS THE SETING OF WEIGHTS FROM THE
FACE OF THE SURFACE PLATE
20. WHEN READING THE GRADUATIONS OF A MICROMETER DEPTH GUAGE, HOW ARE THEY
COMPAIRED TO A STANDARD MICROMETER
ANS. THEY ARE REVERSED
LAYOUT
1. TRAMMELS ARE USED TO SCRIBE

ANS. LARGE ARCS
2. A CENTER HEAD OF A COMBINATION SQUARE CAN BE USED IN LAYOUT

ANS. TO LOCATE CENTER OF ROUND WORK
3. NAME THREE DIFFERENT MATERIALS THAT SURFACE PLATES ARE MADE OF

ANS. CERAMIC, CAST IRON AND GRANITE
4. LAYOUT IS THE ERM APPLIED TO

ANS. TRANSFER OF LINES AND DEMENTIONS TO THE WORKPIECE
5. BEFORE A MACHINED SURFACE IS TO HAVE LAYOUT WORK PERFORMED ON IT, IT SHOULD BE

ANS. CLEANED AND DEGREASED
6. IN THE PROCESS OF LAYING OUT, FINE ADJUSTMENTS IN POSITIONING A WORK PIECE ON A SURFACE PLATE
SHOULD BEST BE DONE WITH
ANS. SMALL JACKS
7. THE SQUARE HEAD ON A COMBINATION SQUARE CAN BE USED TO LAY OUT

ANS. A 458 ANGLE
8. NAME TWO SUBSTANCES WHICH IS USED ON ROUGH CASTINGS AND TO SHOW UP THE SCRIBED LINES
ANS. (1) CHALK AND (2) A MIXTURE OF LIME AND ALCOHOL
9. TO MAKE LAY OUT LINES EASIER TO SEE ON THE SHINY FLASH OF METAL WE CAN USE.
ANS. LAYOUT DYE (BLUING)
10. THE BEST METHOD OF SCRIBING ARCS FROM AN EXISTING HOLE WOULD BE TO USE
ANS. A FALSE CENTRE

FORMULA FOR CEMENT
MIX;
1 PART CEMENT
2 PARTS SAND
2 PARTS STONE ( MAX)
ADD WATER AS REQUIRED
NOTE TO FIND THE NUMBER OF CU. YDS. OF CONCRETE NEEDED MULTIPLY THE NUMBER OF SQUARE FEET BY
THE BEPTH IN INCHES THEN DIVIDE THE RESULT BY 324 (L X W X D 4 324)
EXAMPLE: 9 FT. X 18 FT. PATIO 4 IN. DEEP
9 X 18 = 162 SQ. FT. X 4 IN. DEEP = 648
AND DIVIDE BY 324 = 2 CU. YDS OF CONCRETE

OR
9 X 18 X 4/12 X1/27 = 2 CU. YDS. CONCRETE
BASIC STEPS OF LIFTING AND HANDLING

SIZE UP THE LOAD AND CHEQUE OVERALL CONDITIONS. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LIFT ALONE IF THE OBJECT APPEARS
TOO HEAVY, OR AKWARD. CHEQUE ADICUATE SPACE FOR MOVEMENT AND GOOD FOOTING
LOOK FOR SLIVERS, NAILS, AND SHARPE ENDS ETC. WHEN HANDELING MATERIALS OR PACKAGES, IF POSSIBLE
REMOVE THEM
MAKE CERTAIN OF GOOD BALANCE. FEET SHOULDER WIDTH APART; ONE FOOT BESIDE AND ONE FOOT BEHIND THE
ARTICLE TO BE LIFTED.
BEND THE KNEES, DO NOT STOOP. KEEP THE BACK STRAIGHT, NOT VERTICAL; THERE IS A DIFFERENCE. TUCKING IN
THE CHIN TO MAKE CERTAIN THE BACK IS STRAIGHT
GRIP THE LOAD WITH PALMS OF THE HANDS AND THE FINGERS. THE PALM GRIP IS MUCH MORE SECURE. WITH GRIP
TAKEN, TUCK IN THE CHIN TO MAKE SURE THE BACK IS STRAIGHT
USE BODY WEIGHT TO START THE LOAD MOVING AND THEN LIFT BY PUSHING UP WITH THE LEGS, MAKING FULL USE
OF THE STRONGEST SET OF MUSCLES.

METRIC SYSTEM
THE FOLLOWING IS THE STANDARD TABLE OF PREFIXES USED IN THE METRIC SYSTEM. THE UNIT
MEANING METER, LITER, GRAM. ETC.
MEGA 1,000,000 TIMES THE UNIT

HACTOKILO 1000,000 TIMES THE UNIT
MYRIA 10,000 TIMES THE UNIT
KILO 1,000 TIMES THE UNIT
HECTO 100 TIMES THE UNIT
DECA 10 TIMES THE UNIT
UNIT 1 TIMES THE UNIT
DECI 1/10 UNIT

CENTI 1/100 UNIT
MILLI 1/1000 UNIT
DECIMILLI 1/10,000 UNIT
CENTIMILLI 1/100,000 UNIT
MICRO 1/1,000,000 UNIT
LENGTH WEIGHT
10 MILLIMETERS 1 CENTIMETER 10 MILLIGRAMS 1 CENTIGRAM

10 CENTIMETERS 1DECIMETER 10 CENTIGRAMS 1 DECIGRAM
10 DECIMETERS 1 METER 10 DECIGRAMS 1 GRAM
10 METERS 1 DECAMETER 10 GRAMS 1 DECAGRAM
10 DECAMETERS 1HECTOMETER 10DECAGRAMS 1 HECTOGRAM
10 HECTOMETERS1KILOMETER 10 HECTOGRAMS 1 KILOGRAM
1,000 KILOGRAMS 1 METRIC TON
FLUID
10 MILLILITERS 1 CENTILITER
10 CENTILITERS 1 DECILITER
10 DECILITERS 1 LITER
10 LITERS 1DECALEITERS
10 DECILITERS 1HECTOLEITER
10 HECTOLITERS 1 KILOLEITER
COMBINATION SET
COMBINATION SET CONSISTS OF A STEEL RULE, SQUARE HEAD, CENTER HEAD AND PROTRACTOR
THE STEEL RULE OR BLADE IS MARKED IN 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 ANS 1/64. IT IS A VERY GOOD AND USEFUL
MEASURING TOOL BUT ONLY ACCURATE TO 1/64 OF AN INCH. THE SAME APPLIES IF YOU ARE
MEASURING OVER THE LENGTH OF THE RULE. EG, IF YOU ARE MEASURING A 4 FT, SHAFT YOU WOULD
NOT PLACE THE 12 INCH RULE ON THE SHAFT AND MARKE OFF 12 INCHES, THEN MARK OFF 24 INCHES.
ETC. WHAT YOU WOULD USE IS A RULE THAT WOULD BE FOUR FEET OR OVER.
SQUARE HEAD SLIDES ON THE STEEL RULE AND CAN BE POSITIONED AS REQUIRED. THE SQUARE HEAD
HAS AN ACCURATLY GROUND 90( FACE PLUS A 45( MITER FACE. THERE IS A SPIRIT LEVEL INCORPORATED
IN THE HEAD WHICH IS VERY USEFULL IN LEVELING.
PROTRACTOR HEAD SLIDES ON THE STEEL RULE. MOST PROTRACTOR HEADS WILL TURN FROM 0( TO
180( IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. THIS IS A VERY GOOD TOOL FOR CHECKING AND MARKING OFF THE
ANGLE DESIRED.
CENTER HEAD THIS HEAD ALSO SLIDES ON THE STEEL RULE AND IS USED FOR MARKING OF SHAFTS ETC.
MULTIPLIERS THAT ARE USEFULL TO THE TRADE
TO CHANGE TO MULTIPLY BY
INCHES TO FEET 0.0833

INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 25.4
FEET TO INCHES 12
FEET TO YARDS 0.3333
YARDS TO FEET 3
SQUARE INCHES TO SQUARE FEET 0.00694
SQUARE FEET TO SQUARE INCHES 144
SQUARE FEET TO SQUARE YARD 0.11111
SQUARE YARD TO SQUARE FEET 9
CUBIC INCHES TO CUDIC FEET O.OOO58
CUBIC FEET TO CUBIC INCHES 1729
CUBIC FEET TO CUBIC YARDS 0.03703
CUBIC YARDS TO CUBIC FEET 27
CUBIC INCHES TO GALLONS 231
GALLONS TO CUBIC FEET 0.1337
POUNDS OF WATER TO GALLONS 0.12004
OUNCES TO POUNDS 0.0625
POUNDS TO OUNCES 16
INCHES OF WATER TO POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH 0.0361
INCHES OF WATER TO INCHES OF MERCURY 0.0735
INCHES OF WATER TO OUNCES PER SQUARE INCH 0.578
INCHES OF WATER TO POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT 5.2
INCHES OF MERCURY TO INCHES OF WATER 13.6
INCHES OF MERCURY TO FEET OF WATER 1.1333
INCHES OF MERCURY TO POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH0 .4914
OUNCES PER SQUARE INCH TO INCHES OF MERCURY 0.127
OUNCES PER SQUARE INCH TO INCHES OF WATER 1.733
POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH INCHES OF WATER 27.72
POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH FEET OF WATER 2.310
POUNDS PER SQUARE TO INCHES OF MERCURY 2.04
POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH TO ATMOSPHERE 0.0681
FEET OF WATER TO POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH 0.434
FEET OF WATER TO POUNDS PER SQUARE FEET 62.5
FEET OF WATER TO INCHES OF MERCURY 0.8824
ATMOSPHERE TO POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH 14.696
ATMOSPHERE TO INCHES OF MERCURY 29.92
ATMOSPHERE TO FEET OF WATER 34
LONG TONS TO POUNDS 2240
SHORT TONS TO POUNDS 2000
SHORT TONS TO LONG TONS 0.89285

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1. Hoisting and Rigging

Source : PV-T May 2010 Page 1 of 53

2. DEFECTIVE RIGGING COMPONENTS SHOULD BE

3. INSPECTION OF RIGGING EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE MADE

4. THE MINIMUM ECCEPTABLE FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR WIRE ROPE IS

6. THE DIAMETER OF A WIRE ROPE IS MEASURED BY THE

8. THE SAFE WORKING LOAD FOR A DIA. STEEL WIRE ROPE IS

9. BEFORE YOU MOVE AN OBJECT, YOU NEED TO KNOW ITS

10. PULLEYS IN A BLOCK ARE CALLED

11. WHAT MUST YOU KNOW ABOUT A ROPE TO PREVENT OVERLOADING

12. WHICH TYPEE OF SPLICE INCREASES THE ROPES DIAMETER

13. A TEMPORARY FASTENING OF A ROPE TO A RING, POLE OR HOOK IS CALLED

15. WHAT TERM DIFINES THE LENGTH OF A CHAIN SLING

16. THE CAPACITY OF SLINGS IS EXPRESSED IN

18. MANILLA ROPE IS MADE FROM WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS

20. WHEN COMPARED TO MANILLA SLINGS, SYNTHECTIC SLINGS ARE

22. WHEN USING CHAIN SLINGS, WHICH PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN

23. WHAT IS MEANT BY WHIPPING?

24. WHAT TYPE OF SPLICE IS USED TO FASTEN A ROPE TO A HOOK OR RING

29. U BOLT CLIPS SHOULD BE SPACED APPROXIMATELY

34. CRANE SIGNALS _ _ _ WHIP AND RAISE LOAD

35. WHICH HAS MORE LIFTING CAPACITY A CHOKER OR BASKET SLING

36. IDENTIFY 1. SQUARE KNOT, 2. TIMBER HITCH

38. SAFE LIFTING ANGLES USING CHAINS AND SLINGS

Source : PV-T May 2010 Page 4 of 53

6 FT. X 3FT. = 18 SQ. FT.

VOLUME = 18 SQ. FT. X 1/12 = 1.5 CU. FT.

STEEL PLATE IS 490 LBS. PER CU. FT.

40.8 LBS. IS TYE WEIGHT OF 1 SQ. FT. OF STEEL 1 INCH THICK

1/8 THICK BY 1 SQ. FT. WOULD WEIGH 40.8 48 = 5.1

THERE ARE 8, 1/8TH INCH 1 INCH THICK.

SWL = ROPE DIAMETER X ROPE DIAMETER X 8

EXAMPLES: CHAIN SIZE CAPACITY

A) INCH DIAMETER ROPE 3,250

Source : PV-T May 2010 Page 5 of 53

ROPE DIAMETER MINIMUM NO. OF AMOUNT OF ROPE TORQUE IN FOOT-

HYDRAULICS AND PUMPS

2. WHEN OXIDATION OF AN OIL TAKES PLACE

3. HYDRAULIC OPIL USED IN LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICES SHOULD HAVE LOW

4. ONE DISADVANTAGE OF SYNTHETIC BASED FIRE-RESISTANT FLUIDS IS THAT THEY

5. WHAT IS THE CHIEF CAUSE OF FOAMING IN AN OIL RESERVOIR

6. BAFFLES ARE USED IN AN OIL RESERVOIR CHIEFLY TO

8. THE NUMBER OF POUNDS OF FORCE APPLIED TO AN AREA IS EXPRESSED IN

10. THE EMMERSION (SUMP TYPE) FILTER IS CONNECTED TO THE

11. THE TERM FULL FLOW FILTER MEANS THAT

12. THE PURPOSE OF THE PUMP IN EVERY FLUID POWER SYSTEMIS TO

13. PRESSURE IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS CREATED BY THE

15. THE EFFICIENCY OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS CHIEFLY DETERMINDED BY THE

19. PUMP CAVITATION MAY BE CAUSED BY

21. WHAT TYPE OF THEARD IS NORMALLY USED ON HYDRAULIC LINES

22. THE MAJOR CAUSE OF VALVE FAILURE IS

25. THE PROTECTOR OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT IS A

27. SPOOL VALVES ARE USED TO

28. A SIMPLE NON-PRESSURE COMPENSATED FLOW CONTROL VALVE

31. AN UNLOADING RELIEF VALVE IS USED IN ACCUMULATOR CHARGING CIRCUITS TO

33. A SNUBBER IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS USED TO

34. WHAT IS A HYDRAULIC FUSE

36. AN INTENSIFIER (OR PRESSURE BOOSTER) CONVERTS