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Uncertainty Problems

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156 views4 pages

Uncertainty Problems

pdf

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Gajendra
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UNCERTAINTY PROBLEMS Four students measure the same length of string and their results are as follows: 8.6cm, £, = 38.7em, £, = 38.6cm, £4 = 8.5m, Repeated measurement of the same quantity can improve the overall acceptable value of that measurement. What are the mean and its absolute uncertainty for the length of string? What is the width and its absolute uncertainty of the object being measured in the sketch below? width = w Aw Units = mm 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 The analogue voltmeter below measures a voltage on a scale of zero to 5 volts. What is the measured voltage and what is the absolute uncertainty shown here? 5 26 The digital stopwatch was started at a time ¢,=0 and then was used to measure ten swings of simple pendulum to a time of t=17.26s. i|7|fz]e If the time for ten swings of the pendulum is 17.26s what is the minimum absolute uncertainty in this measurement? What is the time (period T) of one complete pendulum swing and its absolute uncertainty? Add the following lengths: 12.2cm +11.62cm + 0.891em Add the following distances and express your result in units of centimeters (cm). 1.250 x 10° m + 25.62em + 426mm. Average speed is the ratio of distance to time: ; ‘What is the average speed if s = 4.42m and 1 = 3.085? Given two masses, m, =(100.0+0.4)g and m, =(49.3+0.3)g, what is their sum, m, +m, , and what is their difference, m,—m, , both expressed with uncertainties? With a good stopwatch and some practice, you can measure times ranging from about a second up to many minutes with an uncertainty of 0.1 second or so. Suppose that we wish to find the period 7 of a pendulum with 7=0.5s. If we time one oscillation, we will have an uncertainty of about 20%, but by timing several successive oscillations, we can do much better. If we measure the time for five successive oscillations and get 2.4 + 0.18, what is the final answer (with an absolute uncertainty) for the period? What if we measure 20 oscillations and get a time of 9.4 + 0.18? a 10. A computer interface is used to measure the position (s/cm) of an object under uniform acceleration (a/ems") as a function of time (#). The uncertainty in the time measurement is very small, about Ar = 0.00018, and so you can ignore it, while the uncertainty in the distance is significant, where As = +0.lcm . Here are the data, Time Time’ Distance tls PIs s/om 0.0000 0.0 0.0493 Or 0.1065 05 0.1608 Ld 0.1989 17 The motion of the body can be described by the equation s=(1/2)at? = ms where the constant m=0.5a. A graph of distance against the square of time should have a slope of “m”. Acceleration is determined by first finding the slope or gradient, where a=2x Distance against Time Squared 182 / 892 ° 0.05 28 M. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. In an optical experiment a deflected ray of light is measured to be at an angle 6=(2341)°. Find the sine of this angle and then determine the minimum and maximum acceptable values of this experimental value. Next, express the ‘experimental result in the form tan@+ A(tan@). On your graph above (in problem 10) draw the minimum and maximum slopes on graph and determine the range of acceleration based on these two extreme slope values. Density is the ratio of mass to volume, where p=m/V. What is the density of a material if m=12.4kg and V=6.68m°? Determine the least uncertainty in the mass and in the volume, and then calculate the uncertainty in the density value. Express the uncertainty in the density p as an absolute value :+Ap, as a fractional ratio +(Ap/p), and as a percentage +Ap%. ‘What is the uncertainty in the calculated area of a circle whose radius is determined tobe r=(14.6:0.5)em? An electrical resistor has a 2% tolerance and is marked R= 18002. What is the range of acceptable values that the resistor might have? An electrical current of (2.10.1)mA flows through the resistor. What is the uncertainty in the calculated voltage across the resistor where the voltage is given as V= 1R? An accelerating object has an initial speed of u = (12.4 0.1)ms" and a final speed of v=(28840.2)ms", The time interval for this change in speed is Ar=(42£0.1)s. Acceleration is defined as a=(v—u)/Ar. Calculate the acceleration and its absolute uncertainty. What are the volume and its uncertainty for.a sphere with a radius of r=(2141)mm? Frequency and period are related as reciprocals. What are the period and its absolute uncertainty when the frequency of 1.00 x 10° Hz. is known to 2%? Einstein’s famous equation relates energy and mass with the square of the speed of light, where E=mc*. What is the percentage of uncertainty and the absolute uncertainty of the energy for a mass m=1.00kg where the speed of light is ¢= 3.00% 10° ms"?

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