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Code G: Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress Using Strain Gauge AM2540:Strength of Materials Laboratory

1) The document reports on experiments to determine the spring constants of 3 sample springs through measuring deflection under increasing loads. Spring 1 had a non-linear response while Springs 2 and 3 were linear. 2) It also details an experiment using a strain gauge to measure tensile bending stress in a cantilever beam under increasing transverse tip loads. Stress values from experiment and theory were found to differ by around 11-14%. 3) Key findings were that the spring constant depends on material and geometry properties, and bending stress can be measured experimentally via strain gauge or theoretically using flexure and load-deflection relations.

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41 views8 pages

Code G: Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress Using Strain Gauge AM2540:Strength of Materials Laboratory

1) The document reports on experiments to determine the spring constants of 3 sample springs through measuring deflection under increasing loads. Spring 1 had a non-linear response while Springs 2 and 3 were linear. 2) It also details an experiment using a strain gauge to measure tensile bending stress in a cantilever beam under increasing transverse tip loads. Stress values from experiment and theory were found to differ by around 11-14%. 3) Key findings were that the spring constant depends on material and geometry properties, and bending stress can be measured experimentally via strain gauge or theoretically using flexure and load-deflection relations.

Uploaded by

Aditya Koutharapu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Code G: Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress using Strain Gauge

AM2540:Strength of Materials Laboratory


Name: Omkar Sanjay Karve (ME16B121) Date:13/08/2017

Praneeth Pathipati (ME16B122)

Rithvik Anil (ME16B123)

Aim: To find the spring constants of the given sample springs and to compare the estimated spring
constant with those obtained from theoretical calculations.

Values used:

G=80 GPa

g=9.8 m/s2

Spring Sample1:

S.No Load(kg) Load (N) Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean


(Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
1 0 0 11.7 0 11.7 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 11.6 0.1 11.6 0.1 0.1
3 1 9.8 11.4 0.3 11.4 0.3 0.3
4 1.5 14.7 11.2 0.5 11.2 0.5 0.5
5 2 19.6 11.0 0.7 11.0 0.7 0.7
6 2.5 24.5 10.7 1.0 10.7 1.0 1.0

Spring sample 1
30
y = 23.248x + 2.0093
25
R = 0.9723
20
Load(N)

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
deflection(cm)
Observation:

The spring was funnel shaped, turns were closely spaced.

The extension was not linear.

Spring Sample2:

S.No Load(kg) Load (N) Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean


(Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
1 0 0 12.2 0 12.2 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 11.9 0.3 11.9 0.3 0.3
3 1 9.8 11.6 0.6 11.6 0.6 0.6
4 1.5 14.7 11.3 0.9 11.3 0.9 0.9
5 2 19.6 10.9 1.3 10.9 1.3 1.3
6 2.5 23.5 10.6 1.6 10.6 1.6 1.6
Spring Sample 2
30

25 y = 15.142x + 0.3886
R = 0.9977
20
load(N)

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
deflection(cm)

Observation:

The spring was cylindrical in shape, turns spaced apart.

The extension is linear.

Spring Sample3:
S.No Load(kg) Load (N) Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean
(Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
1 0 0 41.0 0.0 41.0 0.0 0.0
2 0.5 4.9 41.3 0.3 41.2 0.2 0.2
3 1 9.8 41.5 0.5 41.4 0.4 0.4
4 1.5 14.7 41.6 0.6 41.5 0.5 0.6
5 2 19.6 41.8 0.8 41.7 0.7 0.8
6 2.5 24.5 42.0 1.0 42.0 1.0 1

Sample spring 3
30

25 y = 23.8x + 0.1867
R = 0.9988
20
Load(N)

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
deflection(cm)

Observation:

The spring was cylindrical in shape, turns were closely spaced.

The extension was linear.


Spring Mean Reading

Sample 1 R=11.5mm
n=32 r=1.5mm
k=20.804N/cm

Sample 2 R=17.88mm
n=11 r=1.4mm
k=13.67N/cm
Sample 3 R=14.34mm
n=34 r=1.5mm
k=10.09 N/cm

Inference:

1)The spring constant depends on the material, radius of the spring, radius of the wire, the number of
turns and the shape of the spring.

2) The spring constant is determined experimentally by plotting the graph of load vs deflection and
finding the slope by least square fit.

3) Difference between the experimental and theoretical values of the spring constant are due to the
friction between the spring and the points where it is in contact with the stationary part of the
apparatus eg: scale.

Aim: To measure tensile bending stress at the root of a cantilever beam to tip transverse loading using a
strain gauge.

Observation:

S.NO Deflection(mm) Display Strain Strain Stress Stress % Difference


Value (Exp) (Theoretical) (Exp) (Theoretical)
1 0.5 59 59 66.48833 4130000 4654183 -11.26262753
2 1 118 118 132.9767 8260000 9308367 -11.26262753
3 1.5 175 175 199.465 12250000 13962550 -12.26530971
4 2 230 230 265.9533 16100000 18616733 -13.51866243
5 2.5 287 287 332.4417 20090000 23270917 -13.66906475
6 3 343 343 398.93 24010000 27925100 -14.02000351
7 3.5 402 402 465.4183 28140000 32579283 -13.62609266
8 4 458 458 531.9067 32060000 37233467 -13.89466824
9 4.5 521 521 598.395 36470000 41887650 -12.93376449

Calculations:

Flexure relation:

Mb / Izz = - xx /y = E/
Deflection=PL03 /3EIzz

Mb=-PL1

b=2.5cm , h=6mm

Izz=bh3/12=4.5*10-10

Y=3mm

L1=24.5cm

L0=25.5cm

P in SI Mb
2.8495 -0.6981275
5.699 -1.396255
8.5485 -2.0943825
11.398 -2.79251
14.2475 -3.4906375
17.097 -4.188765
19.9465 -4.8868925
22.796 -5.58502
25.6455 -6.2831475

Inference:

1)Application of a deflection gives rise to bending stress at the root of the cantilever beam.

2)The bending stress is experimentally determined from the use of a strain gauge and the stress strain
relation

3)Theoretically stress is found out from a known deflection by the use of load deflection relation and the
flexure relation.

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