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Chapter 1

1) The document provides example circuit problems and their solutions involving concepts like current, voltage, power, and energy. 2) It includes problems calculating current, voltage, power, and energy at different points in circuits involving resistors and sources over time. 3) The problems help to illustrate applications of fundamental circuit concepts and relationships between variables like voltage, current, power, and energy in DC circuits.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
187 views26 pages

Chapter 1

1) The document provides example circuit problems and their solutions involving concepts like current, voltage, power, and energy. 2) It includes problems calculating current, voltage, power, and energy at different points in circuits involving resistors and sources over time. 3) The problems help to illustrate applications of fundamental circuit concepts and relationships between variables like voltage, current, power, and energy in DC circuits.

Uploaded by

wasem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Circuit Variables and Circuit


Elements

Drill Exercises

Z 1
DE 1.1 q = 20e5000t dt = 4000 C
0

dq di di 1
DE 1.2 i = = tet ; = (1 t)et ; =0 when t = ;
dt dt dt

1 1
Therefore imax = = = 10 A
e 0:03679e

DE 1.3 [a]

Therefore
(a) v = 20 V; i = 4 A; (b) v = 20 V, i = 4A
(c) v = 20 V, i = 4 A; (d) v = 20 V, i = 4A
[b] Using the reference system in Fig. 1.3(a), p = vi = (20)(4) = 80 W, so
the box is absorbing power.
[c] The box is absorbing 80 W.

1
2 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

Z 1
DE 1.4 p = vi = 20 104 e10;000t W; w= 20 104 e10;000t dt = 20 J
0

DE 1.5 p = 800 103 1:8 103 = 1440 106 = 1440 MW


from Oregon to California

DE 1.6

The interconnection is valid:

is = 10 + 15 = 25 A

p100V = 100is = 2500 W (absorbing)

p10A = 100(10) = 1000 W (generating)

100 + vs 40 = 0 so vs = 140 V

p15A = 15(140) = 2100 W (generating)

p40V = 15(40) = 600 W (absorbing)


X
pdev = p10A + p15A = 3100 W

X
pabs = p100V + p40V = 3100 W

X X
pdev = pabs = 3100 W

DE 1.7 [a] vl vc + v1 vs = 0; il Rl ic Rc + i1 R1 vs = 0

is Rl + is Rc + is R1 vs = 0

[b] is = vs =(Rl + Rc + R1 )

DE 1.8 [a] 24 = v2 + v5 v1 = 3i5 + 7i5 (2i5 ) = 12i5


Therefore i5 = 24=12 = 2 A
[b] v1 = 2i5 = 4 V
[c] v2 = 3i5 = 6 V
[d] v5 = 7i5 = 14 V
Problems 3

[e] p24 = (24)(2) = 48 W; therefore 24 V source is delivering 48 W.

DE 1.9

i2 = 120=24 = 5 A
i3 = 120=8 = 15 A
i1 = i2 + i3 = 20 A

200 + 20R + 120 = 0

R = 80=20 = 4

DE 1.10 [a] Plotting a graph of vt versus it gives

Note that when it = 0, vt = 25 V; therefore the voltage source must be 25


V. When vt is zero, it = 0:25 A, hence the resistor must be 25=0:25 or
100.
A circuit model having the same v i characteristic is a 25 V source in
series with a 100 resistor.
4 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

[b]

25
it = = 0:2 A; p = (0:2)2 (25) = 1 W:
125
DE 1.11 [a] Since we are constructing the model from two elements, we have two
choices on interconnecting them|series or parallel. From the v i
characteristic we require vt = 25 V when it = 0. The only way we can
satisfy this requirement is with a parallel connection. The constraint that
vt = 0 when it = 0:25 A tells us the ideal current source must produce
0:25 A. Therefore the parallel resistor must be 25=0:25 or 100.

[b]

vt vt
0:25 + + = 0; 5vt = 25; vt = 5 V
100 25
vt2
p= = 1 W:
25

Problems

dq
P 1.1 i= = 24 cos 4000t
dt

Therefore, dq = 24 cos 4000t dt


Problems 5

Z q(t) Z t
dx = 24 cos 4000y dy
q(0) 0


sin 4000y t
q(t) q(0) = 24
4000 0

But q(0) = 0 by hypothesis, i.e., the current passes through its maximum
value at t = 0, so q(t) = 6 103 sin 4000t C = 6 sin 4000t mC

P 1.2 p = (6)(100) 103 = 0:6 W; w = (0:6)(3)(60)(60) = 6480 J

P 1.3 Assume we are standing at box A looking toward box B, then p = vi.

[a] p = (120)(5) = 600 W from A to B


[b] p = (250)(8) = 2000 W from B to A
[c] p = (150)(16) = 2400 W from B to A
[d] p = (480)(10) = 4800 W from A to B

P 1.4 [a]

p = vi = (40)(10) = 400 W
Power is being delivered by the box.
[b] Entering
[c] Gain

P 1.5 [a] p = vi = (60)(10) = 600 W, so power is being absorbed by the box.


[b] Entering
[c] Lose

P 1.6 [a] Looking from A to B the current i is in the direction of the voltage rise
across the 12 V battery, therefore p = vi = 12(30) = 360 W.
Thus the power ow is from B to A, and Car A has the \dead" battery.
Z t Z t
[b] w = p dx = 360 dx
0 0

w = 360t = 360(1 60) = 21:6 kJ


6 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

Z t
P 1.7 p = vi; w= p dx
0
Since the energy is the area under the power vs. time plot, let us plot p vs. t.

p(0) = (6)(15 103 ) = 90 103 W

p(216 ks) = (4)(15 103 ) = 60 103 W

1
w = (60 103 )(216 103 ) + (216)(30) = 16:2 kJ
2

Note: 60 hr 216;000 s = 216 ks

P 1.8 [a] p = vi = 30e500t 30e1500t 40e1000t + 50e2000t 10e3000t


p(1 ms) = 3:1 mW
Z t
[b] w(t) = (30e500x 30e1500x 40e1000x +
0
50e2000x 10e3000x )dx
= 21:67 60e500t + 20e1500t + 40e1000t
25e2000t + 3:33e3000t J
w(1 ms) = 1:24J
[c] wtotal = 21:67J

P 1.9 [a] v(20 ms) = 100e1 sin 3 = 5:19 V


i(20 ms) = 20e1 sin 3 = 1:04 A
p(20 ms) = vi = 5:39 W
Problems 7

[b]
p = vi = 2000e100t sin:2 150t

100t 1 1
= 2000e cos 300t
2 2
= 1000e100t 1000e100t cos 300t
Z 1 Z 1
100t
w = 1000e dt 1000e100t cos 300t dt
0 1 0( )1
e100t e100t

= 1000 1000 [100 cos 300t + 300 sin 300t]
1000 (100)2 + (300)2
0
100
= 10 1000 = 10 1
1 10 + 9 104
4

w = 9 J

P 1.10 [a] 0 t 10 ms:


v = 1000t V; i = 0:6 mA; p = 0:6t mW
10 t 25 ms:
v = 10 V; i = 0:6 mA; p = 6 mW
25 t 35 ms:
v = 75 2500t V; i = 0 mA; p = 0 mW
35 t 60 ms:
v = 50 + 1000t V; i = 0:4 mA; p = 20 400t mW
60 t 70 ms:
v = 50 + 1000t V; i = 0 mA; p = 0 mW
70 t 80 ms:
v = 20 V; i = 0:5 mA; p = 10 mW
80 t 90 ms:
v = 180 2000t V; i = 0 mA; p = 0 mW
90 t 95 ms:
v = 180 2000t V; i = 0:9 mA; p = 162 1800t mW
95 t 100 ms:
v = 200 + 2000t V; i = 0:9 mA; p = 180 + 1800t mW
8 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

1
[b] w(25) = 2
(6)(10) + (6)(15) = 120 J
w(60) = 120 + 12 (15)(6) 12 (10)(4) = 145 J
w(90) = 145 (10)(10) = 45 J
w(100) = 45 12 (10)(9) = 0 J

P 1.11 [a] p = vi = (2e500t 2e1000t ) W


dp
= 1000e500t + 2000e1000t = 0 at t = 1.4 ms
dt
pmax = p(1:4 ms) = 0:5 W
Z
1 2 500t 2 1
[b] w = [2e500t 2e1000t ] dt = e e1000t
0 500 1000 0

= 2 mJ

P 1.12 [a] p = vi = 900 sin(200t) cos(200t) = 450 sin(400t) W


Therefore, pmax = 450 W
[b] pmax (extracting) = 450 W
Z 5103
[c] pavg = 200 450 sin(400t) dt
0
3
cos 400t 2:510
4 225
= 9 10 = [1 cos 2] = 0
400 0
180 180
[d] pavg = [1 cos 2:5] = = 57:3 W

P 1.13 [a] q = area under i vs. t plot


h i
1
= 2
(5)(4) + (10)(4) + 12 (8)(4) + (8)(6) + 12 (3)(6) 103
= [10 + 40 + 16 + 48 + 9]103 = 123;000 C
Problems 9

Z Z
[b] w = pdt = vi dt
v = 0:2 103 t + 9 0 t 15 ks
0 t 4000s
i = 15 1:25 103 t
p = 135 8:25 103 t 0:25 106 t2
Z 4000
w1 = (135 8:25 103 t 0:25 106 t2 ) dt
0
= (540 66 5:3333)103 = 468:667 kJ
4000 t 12;000
i = 12 0:5 103 t
p = 108 2:1 103 t 0:1 106 t2
Z 12;000
w2 = (108 2:1 103 t 0:1 106 t2 ) dt
4000
= (864 134:4 55:467)103 = 674:133 kJ
12;000 t 15;000
i = 30 2 103 t
p = 270 12 103 t 0:4 106 t2
Z 15;000
w3 = (270 12 103 t 0:4 106 t2 ) dt
12;000

= (810 486 219:6)103 = 104:4 kJ


wT = w1 + w2 + w3 = 468:667 + 674:133 + 104:4 = 1247:2 kJ

P 1.14 [a] p = vi
= 400 103 t2 e800t + 700te800t + 0:25e800t
= e800t [400;000t2 + 700t + 0:25]
dp
= fe800t [800 103 t + 700] 800e800t [400;000t2 + 700t + 0:25]g
dt
= [3;200;000t2 + 2400t + 5]100e800t
dp
Therefore, = 0 when 3;200;000t2 2400t 5 = 0
dt
so pmax occurs at t = 1:68 ms.
[b] pmax = [400;000(:00168)2 + 700(:00168) + 0:25]e800(:00168)
= 666 mW
10 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

Z t
[c] w = pdx
Z0t Z t Z t
2 800x 800x
w = 400;000x e dx + 700xe dx + 0:25e800x dx
0 0t 0
400;000e800x
4 2
= [64 10 x + 1600x + 2] +

512 10 6
t t 0
700e800x e800x

(800x 1)

+ 0:25
64 104 800
0 0
When t = 1 all the upper limits evaluate to zero, hence
(400;000)(2) 700 0:25
w= + + = 2:97 mJ.
512 106 64 104 800

P 1.15 [a] p = 0 t < 0; p=0 t>3s


p = vi = t(3 t)(6 4t) = 18t 18t2 + 4t3 mW 0t3s
dp
= 18 36t + 12t2 = 12(t2 3t + 1:5)
dt
dp
= 0 when t2 3t + 1:5 = 0
dt p p
3 96 3 3
t = =
2p 2 p
t1 = 3=2 3=2 = 0:634 s; t2 = 3=2 + 3=2 = 2:366 s
p(t1 ) = 18(0:634) 18(0:634)2 + 4(0:634)3 = 5:196 mW
p(t2 ) = 18(2:366) 18(2:366)2 + 4(2:366)3 = 5:196 mW
Therefore, maximum power is being delivered at t = 0:634 s.
[b] pmax = 5:196 mW (delivered)
[c] Maximum power is being extracted at t = 2:366 s.
[d] pmax = 5:196 mW (extracted)
Z t Z t
[e] w = pdx = (18x 18x2 + 4x3 )dx = 9t2 6t3 + t4
0 0

w(0) = 0 mJ w(2) = 4 mJ
w(1) = 4 mJ w(3) = 0 mJ
Problems 11

P 1.16 [a] p = vi = 12 105 t2 e1000t W


dp
= 12 105 [t2 (1000)e1000t + e1000t (2t)]
dt
= 12 105 te1000t [t(2 1000t)]
dp
= 0 at t = 0; t = 2 ms
dt
We know p is a minimum at t = 0 since v and i are zero at t = 0.
[b] pmax = 12 105 (2 103 )2 e2 = 649:61 mW
12 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

Z 1
[c] w = 12 10 5
t2 e1000t dt
(0 1 )
e1000t
5 6 2
= 12 10 [10 t + 2;000t + 2]

= 2:4 mJ
(1000)3 0

P 1.17 [a] From the diagram and the table we have


pa = va ia = (46:16)(6) = 276:96 W (del)
pb = vb ib = (14:16)(4:72) = 66:8352 W (abs)
pc = vc ic = (32)(6:4) = 204:80 W (abs)
pd = vd id = (22)(1:28) = 28:16 W (del)
pe = ve ie = (33:60)(1:68) = 56:448 W (del)
pf = vf if = (66)(0:4) = 26:40 W (del)
pg = vg ig = (2:56)(1:28) = 3:2768 W (abs)
ph = vh ih = (0:4)(0:4) = 0:16 W (abs)
X
Pdel = 276:96 + 28:16 + 56:448 + 26:40 = 387:9680 W
X
Pabs = 66:8352 + 204:80 + 3:2768 + 0:16 = 275:072 W
X X
Therefore, Pdel 6
= Pabs and the subordinate engineer is correct.
[b] We can also check the data using Kirchho's laws.
From Fig. P1.17 the following equations should be satised:
ia ib id = 0 (ok)
ib + ic ie = 0 (no)
if ia ic = 0 (ok)
id = ig (ok)
ig + ie + ih = 0 (no)
ih = if (ok)
Using Kirchho's current law, it appears ie is in error.
From Kirchho's voltage law we have
vb va vc = 0 (ok)
vd vb + ve + vg = 0 (ok)
ve + vc + vf + vh = 0 (ok)
Therefore all the voltages are consistent with Kirchho's voltage law.
Assume ie is in error. Therefore,
ie = ib + ic = ig ih = 4:72 6:40 = 1:28 0:4 = 1:68 A
So the error is in the sign of ie ; ie equals minus 1:68 A.
Correcting
X ie leads
X to
Pdel = Pabs = 331:52 W
Problems 13

P 1.18 pa = va ia = (48)(12) = 576 W (abs)


pb = vb ib = (18)(4) = 72 W (del)
pc = vc ic = (30)(10) = 300 W (abs)
pd = vd id = (36)(16) = 576 W (abs)
pe = ve ie = (36)(8) = 288 W (del)
pf = vf if = (54)(14) = 756 W (abs)
pg = vg ig = (84)(22) = 1848 W (del)
X
Pdel = 72 + 288 + 1848 = 2208 W
X
Pabs = 576 + 300 + 576 + 756 = 2208 W
X X
Therefore, Pdel = Pabs = 2208 W

P 1.19 [a] From an examination of reference polarities, the following elements employ
the passive convention: a; c; e; and f .
[b] pa = 56 W (del)
pb = 14 W (del)
pc = 150 W (abs)
pd = 50 W (del)
pe = 18 W (del)
pf = 12 W (del)
X X
Pabs = 150 W; Pdel = 56 + 14 + 50 + 18 + 12 = 150 W.

P 1.20 (a) 9 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) va {Ra , vb {Rb , vc {Rc (e) 6


(f) (1) va { Ra { Rd { Rb { vb
(2) Rd { Rf { Re
(3) vb { Rb { Rd { Rf { Rc { vc
(4) vc { Rc { Rf { Ra { va
(5) va { Ra { Rf { Re { Rb { vb
(6) va { Ra { Rd { Re { Rc { vc
(7) vb { Rb { Re { Rc { vc
14 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

P 1.21 The interconnect is valid since it does not violate Kirchho's laws.

60 + 20 + 40 = 0 (KVL)

8 + 4 12 = 0 (KCL)
X
Pdev = 4(60) + 8(60) = 720 W

X
Pabs = 12(20) + 12(40) = 720 W

X X
Pdev = Pabs = 720 W

P 1.22 [a] Yes, Kirchho's laws are not violated.


[b] No, because the voltages across the independent and dependent current
sources are indeterminate. For example, dene v1 , v2 , and v3 as shown:

Kirchho's voltage law requires


v1 + 20 = v3

v2 + 100 = v3

Conservation of energy requires


8(20) + 8v1 + 16v2 + 1600 24v3 = 0
or
v1 + 2v2 3v3 = 220
Problems 15

Now arbitrarily select a value of v3 and show the conservation of energy


will be satised. Examples:
If v3 = 200 V then v1 = 180 V and v2 = 100 V. Then

180 + 200 600 = 220 (CHECKS)

If v3 = 100 V, then v1 = 120 V and v2 = 200 V. Then

120 400 + 300 = 220 (CHECKS)

P 1.23 [a] Yes, independent voltage sources can carry whatever current is required by
the connection; independent current source can support any voltage
required by the connection.
[b] 30 V source: absorbing
10 V source: delivering
8 A source: delivering

[c] P30V = (30)(8) = 240 W (abs)


P10V = 10(8) = 80 W (del)
P8A = 20(8) = 160 W (del)
X X
Pabs = Pdel = 240 W
[d] Yes, 30 V source is delivering, the 10 V source is delivering, and the 8 A
source is absorbing
P30V = 30(8) = 240 W (del)
P10V = 10(8) = 80 W (del)
P8A = +40(8) = 320 W (abs)

P 1.24 The interconnection is valid because it does not violate Kirchho's laws.

i = 25 A; 6i = 150 V

200 + 50 (150) = 0

But the power developed in the circuit cannot be determined, as the currents
in the 200 V, 50 V, and 6i sources are unspecied.

P 1.25 The interconnection is not valid because it violates Kirchho's current law:

3 A + (5 A) 6
= 8 A:
16 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

P 1.26

i = 4 A so ig = 12 A

vo = 100 V

60 + v1 = 100; so v1 = 160 V

v2 80 = 100; so v2 = 180 V
X
Pdev = 180(4) + 100(8) + 60(12) = 2240 W

X
CHECK: Pdiss = 160(12) + 80(4) = 1920 + 320
= 2240 W | CHECKS

P 1.27 The interconnection is valid because it does not violate Kirchho's laws:

pVsources = (100 60)(5) = 200 W:

P 1.28 First there is no violation of Kirchho's laws, hence the interconnection is


valid.
Kirchho's voltage law requires

v1 + v2 = 150 50 = 100 V

The conservation of energy law requires

20v1 10v1 + 10v2 + 500 1500 = 0

or

v1 + v2 = 100

Hence any combination of v1 and v2 that adds to 100 is a valid solution. For
example if v1 = 80 V and v2 = 20 V

Pabs = 80(20) + 10(20) + 50(10) = 2300 W


Problems 17

Pdev = 1500 + 80(10) = 2300 W

If v1 = 60 V and v2 = 40 V

Pabs = 60(20) + 10(40) + 500 = 2100 W

Pdev = 60(10) + 1500 = 2100 W

If v1 = 100 V and v2 = 200 V

Pabs = 10(100) + 10(200) + 10(50) = 3500 W

Pdev = 20(100) + 10(150) = 3500 W

P 1.29 [a] 1:6 = ig ia


80ia = 1:6(30 + 90) = 192 therefore, ia = 2:4 A
ig = ia + 1:6 = 2:4 + 1:6 = 4 A
[b] vg = 90(1:6) = 144 V
X
[c] Pdis = 2:42 (80) + 1:62 (120) = 768 W
X
Pdev = (4)(192) = 768 W
X X
Therefore, Pdis = Pdev = 768 W

P 1.30 [a] vo = 8ia + 14ia + 18ia = 40(20) = 800 V


800 = 10io
io = 800=10 = 80 A
[b] ig = ia + io = 20 + 80 = 100 A
[c] pg (delivered) = (100)(800) = 80;000 W = 80 kW

P 1.31 [a]

20ia = 80ib ig = ia + ib = 5ib


ia = 4ib
50 = 4ig + 80ib = 20ib + 80ib = 100ib
ib = 0:5 A, therefore, ia = 2 A and ig = 2:5 A
18 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

[b] ib = 0:5 A
[c] vo = 80ib = 40 V

[d] p4 = i2g (4) = 6:25(4) = 25 W


p20 = i2a (20) = (4)(20) = 80 W
p80 = i2b (80) = 0:25(80) = 20 W
[e] p5V (delivered) = 5ig = 125 W
Check:
X
Pdis = 25 + 80 + 20 = 125 W
X
Pdel = 125 W

P 1.32 [a]

vo = 20(8) + 16(15) = 400 V


io = 400=80 = 5 A
ia = 25 A

P230 (supplied) = (230)(25) = 5750 W

ib = 5 + 15 = 20 A

P260 (supplied) = (260)(20) = 5200 W


X
[b] Pdis = (25)2 (2) + (20)2 (8) + (5)2 (4) + (15)2 16 + (20)2 2 + (5)2 (80)
= 1250 + 3200 + 100 + 3600 + 800 + 2000 = 10;950 W
X
Psup = 5750 + 5200 = 10;950 W
X X
Therefore, Pdis = Psup = 10;950 W
Problems 19

P 1.33 [a]

v2 = 80 + 4(12) = 128 V
v1 = 128 24(2) = 80 V
v1 80
i1 = = =5A
16 16
i3 = i1 2 = 5 2 = 3 A
vg = v1 + 24i3 = 80 + 72 = 152 V
vg 4i4 = v2
4i4 = vg v2 = 152 128 = 24 V
i4 = 24=4 = 6 A
ig = (i3 + i4 ) = (3 + 6) = 9 A

[b] p8 = (2)2 (8) = 32 W p4 = (6)2 (4) = 144 W


p12 = (2)2 (12) = 48 W p6 = (5)2 (6) = 150 W
p4 = (2)2 (4) = 16 W p10 = (5)2 (10) = 250 W
p24 = (3)2 (24) = 216 W p12 = (4)2 (12) = 192 W
[c] vg = 152 V
[d]
X
Pdis = 32 + 48 + 16 + 216 + 144 + 150 + 250 + 192 + 80(4) = 1368 W
X
Pdel = (152)(9) = 1368 W
X X
Therefore, Pdis = Pdel
20 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

P 1.34 [a]

v2 = 180 100 = 80 V
v2
i2 = = 10 A
8
i3 + 4 = i2 ; i3 = 10 4 = 6 A

v1 = v2 + v3 = 80 + 6(10) = 140 V
v1 140
i1 = = =2A
70 70

[b] p5 = 82 (5) = 320 W


p25 = (4)2 (25) = 400 W
p70 = 22 (70) = 280 W
p10 = 62 (10) = 360 W
p8 = 102 (8) = 800 W
X
[c] Pdis = 320 + 400 + 280 + 360 + 800 = 2160 W

Pdev = 180ig = 180(12) = 2160 W

P 1.35 [a]
Problems 21

v
[b] v = 20 V; i = 10 mA; R= = 2 k
i

[c] 2i1 = 3is ; i1 = 1:5is

40 = i1 + is = 2:5is ; is = 16 mA

[d] vs (open circuit) = (40 103 )(2 103 ) = 80 V


[e] vs (open circuit) = 55 V
[f ] Linear model cannot predict the nonlinear behavior of the practical
current source.

P 1.36 [a] Plot the v i characteristic

From the plot:


v (125 50)
R= = = 5
i (15 0)
When it = 0, vt = 50 V; therefore the ideal current source has a current
of 10 A
22 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

[b]

10 + it = i1 and 5i1 = 20it

Therefore, 10 + it = 4it so it = 2 A

P 1.37 [a]

24 18 6
[b] R = = = 0:25
24 0 24

24
[c] i = = 19:2 A; v = 24 19:2(0:25) = 19:2 V
1:25
24
[d] isc = = 96 A
0:25
[e] isc = 48 A (from graph)
[f ] Linear model cannot predict nonlinear behavior of voltage source.
Problems 23

P 1.38 [a] Plot the v|i characteristic:

From the plot:


v (420 100)
R= = = 20
i (16 0)
When it = 0, vt = 100 V; therefore the ideal voltage source has a voltage
of 100 V

[b]

it = 100=(20 + 20) = 2:5 A; Therefore, p20 = (2:5)2 (20) = 125 W


P 1.39 [a]

vb = 5(20 + 12) = 160 V


vb + va = 250 V, so va = 90 V
ib = 90=(20 + 10) = 3 A
24 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

id = 5 ib = 2 A

vc = vb + 10(id ) = 180 V

vd = 250 vc = 70 V = 14(ia ); therefore, ia = 5 A

ic = ia id = 5 2 = 3 A

R = vc =ic = 180=3 = 60

[b] ig = 5 + 3 = 8 A

pg (supplied) = (250)(8) = 2000 W

P 1.40

vab = 240 180 = 60 V; therefore, ie = 60=15 = 4 A

ic = ie 1 = 4 1 = 3 A; therefore, vbc = 10ic = 30 V

vcd = 180 vbc = 180 30 = 150 V;

therefore, id = vcd =(12 + 18) = 150=30 = 5 A

ib = id ic = 5 3 = 2 A

vac = vab + vbc = 60 + 30 = 90 V

R = vac =ib = 90=2 = 45

CHECK: ig = ib + ie = 2 + 4 = 6 A
pdev = (240)(6) = 1440 W
X
Pdis = 1(180) + 4(45) + 9(10) + 25(12)
+25(18) + 16(15) = 1440 W (CHECKS)
Problems 25

P 1.41 [a] 15:2 = 10;000i 0:80 + (200)30i

16 = (16;000)i

i = 1 mA

200(30i ) + vy + 500(29i ) 25 = 0

vy = 25 6000i 14;500i

Therefore, vy = 4:5 V
X
[b] Pgen = 15:2i + 25(29)i + 0:8i = 741i = 741 mW
X
Pdis = 104 (i )2 + 200(30i )2 + 29i (4:5) + 500(29i )2
= 741 mW.

P 1.42 [a] i2 = 0 because no current can exist in a single conductor connecting two
parts of a circuit.
[b]

60 = 6000ig ig = 10 mA

v = 5000ig = 50 V 6 103 v = 300 mA

2000i1 = 500io ; so i1 + 4i1 = 300 mA; therefore, i1 = 60 mA

[c] 300 60 + i2 = 0, so io = 240 mA.

P 1.43 [a]
26 CHAPTER 1. Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

[b]

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