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Heat and Mass Transfer

Heat transfer occurs through three primary methods: conduction, convection, and radiation. (1) Conduction involves the transfer of heat between solid objects that are in direct contact through molecular interactions. (2) Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of fluids like gases and liquids. (3) Radiation involves the emission and transmission of electromagnetic waves carrying energy (in the form of photons) from the surface of objects, transferring heat even in the absence of matter between the objects.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
140 views10 pages

Heat and Mass Transfer

Heat transfer occurs through three primary methods: conduction, convection, and radiation. (1) Conduction involves the transfer of heat between solid objects that are in direct contact through molecular interactions. (2) Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of fluids like gases and liquids. (3) Radiation involves the emission and transmission of electromagnetic waves carrying energy (in the form of photons) from the surface of objects, transferring heat even in the absence of matter between the objects.

Uploaded by

bhucools
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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o

HEAT AND IIA55 TRAN5IER

HeDJ

(T D) \.,
Sin foule 0in To e! su (worr)

O (Pdrn {,rnctlbi)

lrldal Uo& o'Pot

tea] lo(t bq -lral = ctl quntd o,.t wole\ Lenet+rl balanc ,vtdzrho.,l
I 0 0 "td
mbclb (60- rr) = q.o xqu] Lrr, so) .
.....: lrhal qrrtibnum +enl. T , Di
.'--:
--'- ( Z"t,At". ) 'lhQu^d! equrlrblum
( ^ to,u,tLvaLoo al uL\gl
lrst .lauL +
| &ond {aql duaw\ L+o.lt N^i
L ( as1ss1,.r>b)

lror{tt analprs o/ +his Problrn ,s ),}ot .n fi,a.'|odlnaffi.t ire


d.eAtA ui+h L,fkn' ia eluttrlzlua ie la olnT o s'trsvn f,on one
@
to onot*.t, u1u)librium sfajt how mrdr 4eal is
Eurtjbium s@ o,,i,,n
r?qund is +he r.aln crL -.5,L:1g,'.,,,?^*..,J.*,."X*#.,.*
e IE6 AIL'CO
A4CHOUDHARYs

orrqlrJrs wdtole ot whtt ftIe +ha $axr *t s+oJe a.tu^


r,"ne
%
ttlr:iUArg raX "d- hel1 1'ox{4
:o fooJel *t or ad.

* IYore AT- l4arc H?at T(W


falt HerJ Tm^{'4

Mder 0l fieAl -IrqluJ4

(1) condllctroh
(22 bnved'on
(3) Rqdrir-fi on

(nnd)Lhan i - t $){

6$.t

+.{'' Kss*
Y1 s0urc4 q h,"r

q ro N/mk
ZLS ''a lb'k
@

{
-te \pu,emetat > kig N\ i
I
a
ls,
t-
r_ !!-- k,ro" ) kst l
krPto, ) k",ou
I
Gnd,chon is mMr + ol hed +"^4r_t dt tth *+netde, outrt
'n sol,d &e .to t + a;6r+-n nuoc,ohA *,*' ,olrriot toL,n
v\6rahot\d n\t futt" ud allD Uy lna ejecf,an ,arul<L.

d Jhe E4Jon b$ind d) e)thdh. qotd @n&tdot, or in oqeu)


6tM c-on&*orr oJ lre4i rs *W )ti p,r_t,urcz ,N rtrlunfun1u6,o
a.l(r.,ron.

k:- Au ryYr-o.L

* Nota-sle eyc+*6n +a ths t+,.*.$ul is du'onod wt".otz 4 y6q"


is 2300 t^/mK.

Nor - ty &.oll
--l

--.: 0uJl-allne 'nY


:
_-
T,% rarc per$
o rddrd r{ol(al4-(
o.o,o
\ f"ce ormrgunut Volds

.-r oqtnuMa
( Diomod q@A'
f q,q,u \qtd,r,l : l.s (,/mk,
I Ql.o1t'rr.

-.:
-=
Tk eafier Carvoucrrvny ({ :-
llermol -"7u,11,In I a +h u "roprrlpro.l
at a ndaiol
..:
(,hr d} lr.LL obor-rl +he o-b,tittt PePe,it
al M,ak ro,! 1-o d)ow 4\e \e*
Us'yl h ttt ttodtthi +h,ourh -rhe r^akNd i,arL ra+i tt
(D
ha\r vurl laul +!\tr.r a) u.^nadiviht 't+a.*e bx *'t
+6 Tnsdrdort OU
Un V**f ara yor!4o ,*. KM.cHoDHARYsl@c@LcoM

r'ebpr.los (K-- o 2. r,4 rnk)


qlolri.rrool ( l<-- o o?s ',/nk)
brick LK: o g ur/ r"Ak)
' RtlTorro'X
( 0wa@1)
, l4ui erner,e ,|ocn
(?ut) -) K: a az @l-,4)
Po
( lc,l"i0,r,o1rci u t)'

ni qh,
ti,,inl=, -. velo ury
ri$leurLr
RMS
H T P\,Je
e
l3
! mrn Ln*
*,\rSl,,
1, 3

L-r plal
lour- toul w.lo, ty
tur'| fi mo lto^lel

$q:-!-x,:l,Pe
o Hiqh ve.loci& mo
ol"urln ,t ttw-
e(re

o r.r

loql,,"tlod+t ftro(rcu.le
+r"J..

GtudJrLloh o(lr1J n moleccla-t rrorrentum ifir'xfl wturrL


W W*
h?h ,,-doriq , t"?n ur.+ ri'oieol{.! Loli.i dr ''irh +e l6 r,c rdo ciht,

lor.o -}t*l ." moleudu'


but in Srne-roJ $aut
oAe ltt ba/ (,nduclor oN neot
@
._.. koj' - o o.lo .01* ol .rlom condilions.

*Ad +re fl + haiu


0i1.
-&u,aue
is '^qtok-d, +hue )\aLna_f qnfulttintll
oho nvtuel d !"ff\r^ n^l yulu noteuJat ot-*iinl
l\a) ruud in rnon nl.nbea" at allistnis pt unil tj^e ond "
"1,fie more momenlum lraNlr1 tuk

x AetU 1 ---, K1
crl
(r' v) , t (m|sed
$as I
t.!
J<rieUc Vdoo,U

--.:

'.: * 1.i1u1tu. on h"A"A tn^dadq ol heaf Wn ptu .

Exr- K^a.lk^ = O 63 u/mK


-.-:
--..: Amo,,a oI +ne Lqud. Mur^rr't lrp LtW l enat
u"a'k',lt',1' ^at

Lo"iC K 4,1 = 'tr: tr.:/ rnK


M Jlo]

-
.ONYCTION;-
.-:
(o

rlrt fr'x tr')


[r ot tl"fe

foru-d @Avedian +'ee @ AraLria.l


COnrrearlon

Gnve*on is -the a[ he.o* t q]L{ta tl) '\r 0h Yudlt o(t'Lu


nade
b*aeiar, o. sottld t4loe ond +e c,t\ t oct'dr^+ fwd dne h
-ltrr.f drlleurcc ouirlri ,l+ touotwliL buk noaor' of,
w'n'X
$,,td +w*Pwtiy ++'und
4n ote 01, @^w&'a", he'j iY4rqcq +tus mol''n o/
loltd .ev\
+, p:rr,d is'fmttden aX ot\ nd W% fke .o lon a-t a
bl0de-t 0c. a pump r,, hue u in lree auedan 1fit$u he'd
Jhe rnofon of +he ]1uid occur,s ratu.r Ly daelo buoy a"nt6
la*, i* "tr'" a,nsiry *oW vk iil;d
arru uecau;(
h. +^i *,o"n" ilA{- ttu l'tau't non
@aj',*tt((l))))
q.'ir!

RADIATToN i"
Rqr! albn rg +e mode ol the lte* &awfu wtJch

doelot re.qtrlr e on4 mokid rcer)tlum [u, \s PrcFaXahan


o]nd herrre o.urr( b,, p.le(rtomafl''c} ( uJaw PY?P%ah1n
lrovel.trnT r,oi+t +e sPbn "[ tgt'tr
p
Pre,ost *h@^d. s -
/---.P \-4
(u.t P ,-{t:
: l 4u bodies all d_l,j t@D?roirrrt ar?
.feu.l
irr"i.l -ThlJmol r"dr'alitn excepf lrru bodd
l-,-" 1,- oK (-1r3,r(t ) $
urc F,./r ol '
o+

ekcfromog .ht 610],1l .


u t- - : 0l(
\ camot = -5
l8
tc.rn t. i
$f"n, , +,.^f. ' _ (vto(a+q Kcl,.rn &

I
I tq.]i)

l[=10'/n I iroa&ryr t /
otH b ,11.1 -o;1ll
, (Io) ) loo I Llnr (lETr
^ f Ta -+ E --+ > (.q m)
F!.irom?ulc sPectYUn

I uir/u.te tr'8,ht --t 0 3lr t! 0?,q

EY "'- ego!(
EIM r^rd

+ R.drilll!; ard. ol he4f tfq [{f .ofx?ler.r? p'e d o,.r4rt{d o,q


con uct'Bn I (!nLe4ot pa,trq]]at dhq r/r. ," + & lFrff(I
r( k$.rq
1 rote

El- rn. m-04( ol- h?,t tlndh.r b1,., Hot .ltle


dalrr on4
r?trqdlnf bpi( ba s iote pul!.rn s4 l,,ir"f F*4
pq ba,l.' i ^Ja.U
t,to.t,t-1 1,ff#]IT*,
_0
I
* t*4 q -I -r.
+
e- r,t) Arl.co r&5 e
(r, r- es^LcHouoHA sr@G

|n"a,.*,* a
Fel\.1a.

ott%lo*
a

e
& o"t pradrcC Sl}ro+iol] ol haf tl.snsbq o!
ru*e4 6i. he.t t qrlb.r r,ta? qlrulld @qsLd f'elar]

@ :

Al I f,ror! :r
:-
Conv,tc*ion 6 :-
-h Dr,+siae ia 9de ai.t
olir
@

0",** ]/ l#1,"*",-.^,"."
) -l lllll^
"",,.",

6owm,af h*g od H&+ rrEnsbq r-

r}e hry erotu thai ll,e.oJe o7 herr ba?rrle bd t-ohJ-


t'd$ o.jo1 q
lr,ln dr-ed oh 1( dr.ed?
proporfima/ to1,e
Wp . o\n"fl + at .L ciio^ dd Jl arro dr.ctY
6ra&t lne
p',,10 o#on l axa o/' rco.r tm)1<h{r V"X p*er^U"'t"*
+,D

iD Lne drFctJbn od h&l bqn{h{

.,.x(
lr/r)

+ -\,^e srflir Dntt sho,J( thal as


1( (4.r!!34 :5 T i-& d(cnosl.A .
t" x. -_4i
4(
ce H.at dda,ls d"rr, +.
dirE.no^ o[ d..^csi{, +ryp.
( | e +o soilk+ d&(i(s
Lt= -Ka 41r"r+ st r""",tt 'ol
-rf r,-;

[r -' 'r/"N]
l)\ N.eurlL! lMI_l:99!L : - / 6r ..on't cl-o hcar v q.3trrl
-- - -.;I;-r,5" u'.+ r,,. ,de o1 {rar tro, r6er'

b6 orrcrio" br'.r o <oLd uj


""a di^!:l?3tr[$"1[1] ill*"
Air.r? PrD oo rtiota, 1o {ie atea od Lo^he or ono o/ exPosurt
. blN +brn,

Hot pL.r"
(r,:1

f,conv n [rru--I-) lnh,ft h= h.!j-


con\c+ioh
-trqnrhr coQtlcr.,t or

f."* = hn(r"-r-) {,to


("4#r
Hea+ tro nr|..
!"+ (^J/hlt)
?,,o,v, . $"t at

r k
(i {
(Jss A therrno on rsi.r-, DroPertr ,
tt,u UnUke +i!,mel .olvud,q
'la
tut 4 Pre,td od rn iolerra, d+ d dgoalr
rn( +lurmop9<r(Al p)lPer,! {-r oi t ( /Li4, Lne
,Lt + dlnarw! ot obro[ufu yiso.r\

% F"a cohv(dr'.t H@l -l-rqn!tr


r /
1, = 1(?,D,t,ta,q,K)
Prc Pe/ttq Df (10'i4 ,

veLoclll ol
dtq
Ch ara ci"n_ slL Dr{n.y\t or! o[ bodX {Nneruor
i. .u. o +n. dida.not ot
I
&,\r\tlo.lea ncnraq! )
I

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