Hon. Maria Cristina C. Botigan-Santos vs. Leticia C. Gener

no
l\.epuhHt of tlJe ~biltpptne~

~upreme ~ourt
;fflanila
SECOND DIVISION
HON. MARIA CRISTINA C. A.M. No. P-16-3521

BOTIGAN-SANTOS, Presiding [Formerly OCA LP.I. No. 15-4493-P]
Judge of the Municipal Trial Court,
San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Present:
Complainant,
CARPIO, J., Chairperson,
PERALTA,
- versus - PERLAS-BERNABE,
CAGUIOA, and
REYES, JJ.
LETICIA C. GENER, Clerk of
Court of the Municipal Trial Court, Promulgated:
San Ildefonso, Bulacan, 0 4 SEP
2017
x------------------------------~~~~~~~~~~~-------------~!!&19_~~~-----x
DECISION
PERALTA, J.:
Before us is a Letter 1 dated August 28, 2014 sent by Judge Maria

Cristina C. Botigan-Santos (Judge Botigan-Santos), Presiding Judge of the
Municipal Trial Court (MI'C), San Ildefonso, Bulacan which reported a
robbery incident that took place in her court on August 7, 2014.
At the time the robbery incident occurred, Judge Botigan-Santos was

on Immersion Program2 (July 7 to 11, 2014 and July 28 to August 15, 2014),
having been appointed as Judge of the MTC, San Ildefonso, Bulacan on
June 16, 2014. 3 Judge Botigan-Santos took her oath on June 30, 2014. 4
Rollo, p. 7.
f7/
2
Id. at 33.
Id. at 30.
4
Id. at 31.
Decision -2- A.M. No. P-16-3521
[Formerly OCA LP.I. No. 15-4493-P]
On October 21, 2014, the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA)

referred the matter to then Hon. Ma. Theresa V. Mendoza-Arcega (Judge
Mendoza-Arcega), Executive Judge, Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 17,
Malolos City, Bulacan, for investigation ~nd report. 5
I
I
In her Report6 dated December 11~ 2014, Executive Judge Mendoza-

Arcega stated that, upon investigation, it appeared that apart from the stolen
monies of the court employees, the tritil court also lost certain exhibits,
particularly: two (2) .38 caliber fireaqns which served as exhibits in
Criminal Case No. 7310 (People vs. Jerry Ambrocio) and Criminal Case No.
7007 (People vs. Hipolito Bermudez). These exhibits were lost while in
custodia legis. It was also found out that said criminal cases to which the
exhibits were presented had long been dismissed or terminated. The records
reveal that the MTC of San Ildefonso, Bulacan kept possession of the subject
exhibits despite the fact that said criminal :eases had been terminated for over
sixteen (16) years. Judge Mendoza-Arcega likewise stated that while all the
concerned employees of the MTC of San Ildefonso, Bulacan have extended
their full cooperation in the investigation, the police authorities failed to
identify the malefactor of the reported robbery.
Thus, in the Resolution7 dated October 7, 2015, the Court, upon the
recommendation of the OCA, considered the instant matter as a formal
administrative complaint against Clerk of Court Leticia C. Gener
(respondent). The Court, thereafter, required her to comment on the
allegation against her.
In her Comment8 dated November 25, 2015, respondent clerk of

court offered her apologies for the robbery incident that transpired on
August 7, 2014. She then alleged that she was appointed in the MTC of San
Ildefonso, Bulacan on March 1, 1998 as Clerk II, then was promoted as
w
Court Interpreter. In April 2005, she as promoted as Clerk of Court,
1
however, she lamented that she was not 'formally apprised of the physical
custody of the exhibits on Criminal Case Nos. 7310 and 7007, and of their
termination in 1998.
Respondent asserted that as clerk .of court, she regularly conducts

inventory of the properties under her custo~y but due to lack of fonnal turn-
over of the exhibits on Criminal Case Nos. 7310 and 7007, she was unaware
7
Id. at 11.
Id. at26-29.
Id. at 34-37.
ctl
Id. at 38-40.
[Formerly OCA l.P.I. No. 15-4493-P]
that the missing exhibits were the subject of the terminated cases.
Furthermore, she alleged that she thought a formal proceeding was necessary
in order to dispose of/tum-over the subject firearms to the custody of PNP-
FEU which she claimed could not be done prior to the date of the robbery
because of the appointment of a new presiding judge. 9
Respondent prayed for the indulgence of the Court for her failure to
comply with the established procedures/guidelines in the disposal of
exhibits. She claimed that the robbery incident was unforeseeable and abrupt
and that in her many years of service, she has performed her duties diligently
to the best of her knowledge and abilities. 10
On February 24, 2016, the Court referred the instant case to the OCA
for evaluation, report and recommendation. 11
In its Memorandum to the Court dated June 7, 2016, the OCA has
found the complaint meritorious. The OCA did not give credence to
respondent's claim that she was not apprised of the physical custody of the
two missing 38-caliber firearms which served as exhibits. The OCA opined
that respondent's assertion that she regularly conducted inventory of the
properties under her custody was inconsistent with her claim that she was
clueless as to the connection of the missing exhibits to the terminated
criminal cases.
The OCA added that respondent should have been liable for gross
neglect of. duty for the loss of the exhibits as this could have caused
miscarriage of justice. However, considering that the criminal cases related
to the exhibits were already long terminated and that the missing exhibits
will not affect any pending case before the trial court, the OCA opted instead
to recommend that respondent be held liable for simple neglect of duty only.
The OCA further recommended that respondent be imposed of a fine

of P3,000.00 instead in order not to hamper the performance of the duties of
her office.
We are in accord with the findings and observations of the OCA,

except as to the recommended penalty.
{/
9
Id.
10
Id.
II
Rollo, pp. 41-42.
We cannot overemphasize that those charged or connected with the

task of dispensing justice carry a heavy ~urden of responsibility. The clerk
of court is the administrative officer of ~L court and has, inter alia, control
and supervision over all court records. The Rules of Court charge her with
the duty of faithfully keeping the records~ papers, files and exhibits in cases
pending before her court. As custodian o,f the records of the court, it is her
duty to ensure that the records are complete and intact. She plays a key role
in the complement of the court and cannot be pennitted to slacken off in his
job under one pretext or another. 12
In the instant case, after considering the records and the investigations
conducted on the matter, it is undisputed that respondent failed to meet the
requirement expected of her as a Clerk of Court. Section 7 13 of Rule 136 of
the Rules of Court is explicit that the clerk shall safely keep all records,
papers, files, exhibits, and public property committed to her charge. The
Office of the Clerk of Court performs a very delicate function, having
control and management of all court records, exhibits, documents, properties
and supplies. Being the custodian thereof, the clerk of court is liable for any
loss, shortage, destruction or impairment of said funds and properties. 14
As clerk of court, respondent's duties include conducting periodic

inventory of dockets, records and exhibits~ and ensuring that the said records
and exhibits of each case are accounted for. If she has been regularly
conducting inventory of these, she could not have missed the subject
firearms which has been sitting in the cabinet for more than 15 years. Also,
the fact that she was unaware that the firearms were exhibits of cases which
has been terminated for a very long time will tell that she has been remiss in
the performance of her duties. Suffice it to say, it is incumbent upon her as
the Clerk of Court to ensure an orderly and efficient record management in
the court. Clearly, due to respondent's failure to take precautionary measures
to prevent loss of court exhibits, respondent was negligent in her
responsibility as custodian of records/exhibits.
Moreover, under the 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court, the
Clerk of Court, being the officer in charge of the court's exhibits is mandated
to observe the prescribed procedure in the disposal and/or destruction of
court e'xhibits when they are no longer needed, to wit:
12
Rivera v. Buena, 569 Phil. 551, 557 (2008).
13
Section 7. Safekeeping of property. - The clerk shall safely keep all records, papers, files,
exhibits and public property committed to his charge, including the library of the court, and the seals and
furniture belonging to his office
14

Office ofthe Court Administrator v. Judge Ramir~z. 489 Phil. 262, 270 (2005). CY
CHAPTER XII
Disposal and/or Destruction of Court Records, Papers and Exhibits
A. PROCEDURE
To establish a uniform procedure in the disposal or destruction ofrecords,

papers and exhibits pertaining to court cases terminated for at least fifteen
(15) years, it is hereby provided that all Courts, except the Supreme Court,
are enjoined to strictly comply with the following rules:
xx xx
B. DISPOSITION OF EXHIBITS IN THE

CUSTODY OF COURTS WHICH ARE NO LONGER NEEDED
AS EVIDENCE
xx xx
2. Firearms, Ammunitions and Explosives
Courts are directed to turn over to the nearest

Constabulary Command all firearms in their custody after
the cases involving such shall have been terminated.
In Metro Manila, the firearms may be turned over to the Firearms and
Explosives Unit at Camp Crame, Quezon City, while in the provinces, the
firearms may be turned over to the respective PC Provincial Commands. 15
(emphasis ours)
Following the foregoing procedure, the subject firearms which are

court ~xhibits should have been turned over to the Firearms and Explosives
Unit of the Philippine National Police pursuant to the directive in the
Manual for Clerks of Court. Moreso, considering that the criminal cases
related thereto had long been terminated. The fact that the court retained
custody of the said firearms for more than fifteen (15) years after the
dismissal of the cases in 1998 is clearly in violation of the above-cited
procedures. Had respondent prudently complied with said directive, the
loss of the firearms could have been avoided.
A clerk of court's office is the hub of activities, and he or she is

expected to be assiduous in performing official duties and in supervising and
managing the court's dockets, records and exhibits. The image of the
Judiciary is the shadow of its officers and employees. A simple misfeasance
or nonfeasance may have disastrous repercussions on that image. Thus, a
simple act of neglect resulting to loss of funds, documents, properties or
15 Emphasis ours. a/
exhibits in custodia legis ruins the confid~nce lodged by the parties to a suit
or the citizenry in our judicial process. Those responsible for such act or
omission cannot escape the disciplinary power of this Court. 16
PENALTY
Section 52(B)(l) of the Revised Uniform Rules on Administrative

Cases in the Civil Service 17 classifies simple neglect of duty as a less grave
offense punishable by suspension of one ('1) month and one (1) day to six (6)
months for the first offense. Section 54 thereof states that the medium
period of the penalty shall be imposed when there are no mitigating and
aggravating circumstances.
However, respondent's length of service in the Judiciary cannot be

appreciated as a mitigating circumstance. Having served the Judiciary for a
long time, and almost 10 years as clerk ',of court, respondent should have
been more efficient in managing the court records/exhibits. The fact that
respondent admitted to be unaware of the:,connection of the subject exhibits
to the terminated cases which, thus, resulted to her failure to tum over the
same despite the lapse of more than 15 years, shows that she miserably
failed to perform her duties as clerk court. We, thus, find that the appropriate
penalty of three-month suspension , is reasonable. However, as
recommended by the OCA that suspension from work could hamper the
performance of her work as the same woJld be left unattended by reason of
her absence, instead of suspension, We, thus, impose a fine equivalent to her
three months salary, so that she can still continue to perform her duties in
her office.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Court finds respondent

Leticia C. Gener, Clerk of Court, Municipal Trial Court, San Ildefonso,
Bulacap, GUILTY of simple neglect of duty. Accordingly, the Court
imposes upon her a FINE equivalent to her three months' salary. She is,
likewise, STERNLY WARNED that the commission of the same offense or
a similar act in the future will be dealt with more severely.
cl/
16
Office of the Court Administrator v. Judge Ramirez, supra, at 271.
17
Promulgated by the Civil Service Commission through Resolution No. 99-1936 dated 31 August
I 999 and implemented by CSC Memorandum Circular No. 19, Series of 1999.
SO ORDERED.
~M.PERALTA
WE CONCUR:
/7 </" ("""')
~'lL~
ANTONIO T. CAR,1-0 -
Associate Justice
Chairperson
AAQ.~ .
ESTELA MrPERLAS BERNABE S.CAGUIOA
Associate Justice
~
u
ANDRE REYES, JR.
Assoc1 e Justice

Hon. Maria Cristina C. Botigan-Santos vs. Leticia C. Gener

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no

l\.epuhHt of tlJe ~biltpptne~

HON. MARIA CRISTINA C. A.M. No. P-16-3521

Before us is a Letter 1 dated August 28, 2014 sent by Judge Maria

At the time the robbery incident occurred, Judge Botigan-Santos was

On October 21, 2014, the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA)

In her Report6 dated December 11~ 2014, Executive Judge Mendoza-

In her Comment8 dated November 25, 2015, respondent clerk of

Respondent asserted that as clerk .of court, she regularly conducts

The OCA further recommended that respondent be imposed of a fine

We are in accord with the findings and observations of the OCA,

We cannot overemphasize that those charged or connected with the

As clerk of court, respondent's duties include conducting periodic

Disposal and/or Destruction of Court Records, Papers and Exhibits

To establish a uniform procedure in the disposal or destruction ofrecords,

B. DISPOSITION OF EXHIBITS IN THE

2. Firearms, Ammunitions and Explosives

Courts are directed to turn over to the nearest

Following the foregoing procedure, the subject firearms which are

A clerk of court's office is the hub of activities, and he or she is

Section 52(B)(l) of the Revised Uniform Rules on Administrative

However, respondent's length of service in the Judiciary cannot be

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Court finds respondent

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