New Packer - 001 PDF
New Packer - 001 PDF
Basic Overview
Applications and Selections of Packers
Setting Criteria and procedures
What is a Packer?
A packer is a tool used to form an annular seal
between two concentric strings of pipe or between
the pipe and the wall of the open hole.
Two examples:
1. An external casing packer (ECP)
set to seal the annulus between the
surface or protection string and the
inner, production string
2. A conventional packer set near the
end of the tubing, that isolates the
inner annulus from the tubing.
Packer Considerations
Force on an area
Remember, its a
force balance. Area down =
casing ID - tube OD
Area up =
tube x-section +
casing ID - tube OD
Packer Types & Selection
Production Packers
Retrievable Permanent
Wireline Set
Sealbore Hydraulic Set
Hydraulic Set
ESP
Schlumberger
Specific Packer Examples
Packer Examples
Retrievables
Seal bores
Inflatables
Wash Tools
Retrievable Packers
Expected to be retrieved
More prone to leaks
Need an equalizing port
Release mechanism must be possible with
well design
Retrievable Packers
Compact
Simple J slot control for set and release
Shear ring secondary release
Right-hand safety joint emergency release
Rocker type slips
Can be set shallow
Weatherford
Retrievable Production Packers
Mechanical - Used in production, injection,
fracturing, zone isolation and remedial applicatuions
Weatherford
Retrievable Production Packers
Compression set
RH rotation required to set, (LH option usually
available)
Available with or without Hydraulic hold down
buttons for differential pressure from below
By-pass needed for equalization of pressure, and for
running and retrieval without surging/swabbing the
well.
Weatherford
Retrievable Packers
Weatherford
Seal Bore Packers
Allow tubing movement; however:
Too much contraction can pull seals out of PBR
Seals can bond to the seal bore over long
time at higher temperatures
Debris on top of packer can stick assembly
Unprotected seals below the packer may
allow seal swelling by gas and fluids,
causing seals to roll off if the stinger is
pulled out.
Deep Completions
Most typical is permanent packer with a
PBR (arrangement depends on personal
preferences, individual well configurations
and intended operations).
Seal assembly length dependent not only on
normal operations, but also fracturing, kill
and expected workovers.
Seal Bore Packers
Weatherford
Retrievable Seal Bore Packer
One-trip applications
Hydraulic set version retrievable seal bore
packer available for one-trip installations
Seal assembly is run in place for one trip
installation
Available with large upper seal bore to
maximize ID
Rotationally locked components
Weatherford
Permanent Seal Bore Packers
Used in one trip production applications
Weatherford
Packer Considerations
Select seals for full range of expected
temperatures, pressures, and fluids.
A back-up system is need around the main seal to
prevent seal extrusion at high temps and pressure.
Examine slip design to help avoid premature
setting during movement through viscous fluids,
doglegs and rough treatment
Seal Bore
Packers
Nitrile Seal or
Viton Seal Molded Seals:
Steel spacer Recommended in medium pressure
applications where seal movement out
MOLDED SEAL
of the seal bore is anticipated.
SINGLE UNIT
Chevron Seals:
End spacer
Used for higher pressure and
Seal spacer
temperature applications.
Middle spacer
CHEVRON SEAL
SINGLE UNIT Nitrile Seal or
Viton Seal
Weatherford
Seal Bore Packer
Accessories
Tubing Anchor and Locator Assemblies
Seal Units and Spacer Tubes
Seal Bore and Mill-Out Extensions
Packer Couplings and Bottoms
Pump-out, Screw-out, and Knock-out Bottoms
Weatherford
Inflatable Packers and Plugs
Reasons to run and inflatable.
Need to set beneath a restriction.
Need to set in open hole.
In non-standard casing.
Setting in multiple sizes of pipe on same run.
Where larger run-in and retrieval clearances are
needed.
Large diameter applications.
Inflatable Setting Considerations
The inflatable packer offers a way to
set a seal in a larger area below a
restriction.
The quality of the seal depends on
how much the packer must expand
over initial diameter, the length of
the slide (placement run), the
Holding ability of the inflatable differential pressure it must hold,
is always suspect since it does what fluid is used for inflation and
not have conventional slips. the conditions in the area in which it
is set.
When deflating an inflatable packer, allow time (1 hr?) for relaxation of the elements. The
elements never shrink back to initial diameter allow about 30% increase in diameter for
retrieval.
Inflatables rely on expansion of an inner rubber bag that pushes
steel cables or slats against the wall of the pipe or the open hole.
The only gripping ability is generated by the friction of the steel
against the pipe or open hole. This is critically dependent on the
inflation pressure and the exterior slat or cable design. For a
permanent seal, place several bailers of cement on top of the
inflatable.
Baker
Perforation Wash Tool
Used for selective acidizing of perforated
intervals
Tubing Set Retrievable Bridge QDH w/ EQV, TSU G Lock-Set 3L RBP-VI P-1
Plug
Wireline Set Retrievable Bridge WRP, CE, CE2
Plugs
Permanent Bridge Plugs/Cement PCR, Plugwell, PBP Mercury N, K-1 EZSV, EZ Drill Type A Quik-Drill
Retainer EZ Drill SVB
Fas-Drill, HCS
Packer specifics from Baker
Casing Design Options think about running and setting packers.
Small
diameters at
the top of the
well may
prevent entry
by some
packers.
Production Packers
Purposes
Casing protection from fluids or pressures
Separation of zones
Subsurface pressure and fluid control
Artificial lift support equipment
Packer Considerations
Seal stability
pressure, temperature, fluid reaction
Force balance and direction
slip direction
resists upward motion, downward or both ways)
tension, compression, mechanical or hydraulic set
Allowing Tubular Movement
Usually incorporate a PBR - polished bore
receptacle, for a stinger or seal assembly
to slide through.
Shoulder out on the PBR - if it can move, it
will eventually leak.
Seals must match operating extremes as
well as general conditions.
Seal Bore Packer to Tubing Connections
Seal Bore
Extensions
(SBE) Tubing
Sealbore
Receptacle
(TSR)
Polished
Bore
Receptacle
(PBR)
Seal Assembly Locator Types
Locator Anchor
Latch
Snap Latch
A stinger or seal
assembly that is run on the
end of tubing and stings
into the polished bore
receptacle (PBR) of the
packer.
Stinger Seal Materials
Single or mixture of elastomers
seal design variance
seals usually protect the slips from
corrosive fluids.
Tubing Seal Stability
Seal Material oil brine H2S CO2
Butyl Rubber 4 1 1 2
Flurocarbon 1 1 4 2
Nitrile 1 1 4 1
Fluro-silicone 2 1 3 2
Environments
H2S A A A A A B B NR NR A A A
CO2 A A B B A B B C A A A A
CH4 (Methane) A A A A A A A B B A A A
Hydrocarbons
(Sweet Crude) A A A A A A A B C A A A A
Xylene A A A C A A A NR NR A A A
Alcohols A A C B A C C B A A A A
Zinc Bromide A A A A A A A NR NR A A A
Inhibitors A A NR A A NR NR NR B A A A
Salt Water A A A A A A A C A B A A
Steam A A NR A A NR NR NR NR NR B B
Diesel A A A A A
A NR A B B A A
NOTE: (1) This information provides general guidelines for the selection of seal materials and is provided for informational purposes only. Seal Specialists with Halliburton Energy Services should be consulted for the actual selection of seals
for use in specific applications. Halliburton Energy Services will not be liable for any damage resulting from the use of this information without consultation with Halliburton Seal Specialists.
(2) Contact Technical Services at Halliburton Energy Services - Dallas for service temperature and pressure.
(3) Back-Up Rings must be used.
(4) There could be a slight variation in both temperature and pressure rating depending on specific equipment and seal designs.
Halliburton Energy Services (1)
Y N Y Y N
Y
TEMP NITRILE ELEMENTS W/TEFLON
40F TO AND METAL BACKUPS
400F
N
Y
TEMP AFLAS ELEMENTS
100F TO W/STANDARD METAL BACKUPS
400F
N
Y
TEMP
AFLAS ELEMENTS W/TEFLON AND
100F TO
GRAFOIL WIREMESH AND METAL BACKUPS
450F
N
N Y
RETRIEVABLE PACKER TEMP
NITRILE ELEMENTS
PACKER EXPOSED TO 40F TO
W/BONDED GARTER SPRINGS
DESIGN BROMIDES? 275F
Y N
PACKER
N Y
ELEMENTS TEMP
EXPOSED TO AMINE
FLUOREL ELEMENTS
40F TO W/BONDED GARTER SPRINGS
CORROSION
INHIBITORS? 400F
Y N
Y
TEMP AFLAS ELEMENTS
100F TO W/BONDED GARTER SPRINGS
400F
N
CHECK WITH YOUR HALLIBURTON
TEMP REPRESENTIVE FOR SPECIAL
GREATER THAN 400F APPLICATIONS
Y
TEMP EPDM ELEMENTS WITH BACKUPS
LESS THAN 550F
NOTE: (1) This information provides general guidelines for the selection of seal materials and is provided for informational purposes only. Seal
Specialists with Halliburton Energy Services should be consulted for the actual selection of seals for use in specific applications. N
Halliburton Energy Services will not be liable for any damage resulting from the use of this information without consultation with Halliburton
CHECK WITH YOUR HALLIBURTON
Seal Specialists. TEMP
REPRESENTIVE FOR SPECIAL
GREATER THAN 550F
APPLICATIONS
Forces and Length Changes
Temperature:
Piston Effect:
Ballooning
Buckling:
A tubing movement calculator is the best method, but the difficulty is in
knowing accurate temperature changes and pressure changes.
Is it Force or Length Change?
No packer - tube suspended and not touching well
bottom - length change
Tube landed on packer - incr. force with
increasing temp, shortening possible with cooling
after downward force absorbed.
Latched tubing - no movement, only forces
Tube stung through - length changes unless
locator is shouldered
If tube set in tension or compression, effects of
temp depends on initial force and DT
Temperature, length change
DL = CLDT
Where:
DL = length change
C = expansion coeff. for steel = 6.9x10-6/oF
L = length of tubing
DT = average temp change, oF
Temperature, Force change
F = 207 DTa As
Where:
F = temperature induced force
DTa = change in average temp of tubing, oF
As = cross sectional area of tubing
What Temperature is Average?
If no circulation - assume all tubing is same
as injected fluid temperature. (worst case)
If circulation is allowed, all but top few
joints will be unaffected by injected fluid
temp. - no temp change. (v. slight effect)
Injected fluid temp? - source dependent!
In dual packer - treat each packer as a
separate calculation. Bottom string first.
Temperatures in the Well?
Circulating or High Rate Injection?
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
0 0
Tubing Undisturbed
Undisturbed Casing 1
4000 4000
6000 6000
8000 8000
10000 10000
12000
BHST= 122*F BHST= 125*F
12000
14000 14000
1 Perfs protected
2 by
-10
LCM
-20
-30
Short Term PI Change
-40
Long Term PI Change
-50
-60 SPE 26042
Typical Completions
Single and Dual Zone Completion Types
Single Zone Completion
(Mechanical Packer)
Packer isolates casing from production
Provides means of well control
Protects casing above packer from corrosion
Anchors tubing string
On-Off Sealing Connector
Tension Set
Compression set
Retrievable Packer Wireline Set
Large Variety of
accessories available
Weatherford
Single Zone Completion
(Hydraulic Set Packer)
Permits Packer setting without tubing
manipulation
Common in offshore applications where SCSSV
control lines prevent tubing rotation
Flow Coupling
Sliding Sleeve
Allows one-trip installation
Flow Coupling
With sliding sleeve, allows packer fluid change-
Hydrostatic Retrievable Packer out after wellhead is flanged (sliding sleeve not
Flow Coupling
recommended in every case).
Seating Nipple
Spacer Tube
Requires tubing plugging device to set packer
Ball Activated Pressure Sub Wireline plug - preferred
Perforated Spacer Tube
No-Go Seating Nipple Drop Ball Seat debris problem?
Weatherford
Single Zone Completion
(Seal Bore Packers)
Dependable
Low failure frequency
Generally permit larger flow IDs
Annulus Activated, Block and Kill Valve
Available as Permanent or Retrievable
Sliding Sleeve
Production string may be anchored or floating,
depending on tubing movement requirements
Seal Bore Packer (anchored or shouldered is highly recommended)
Mill-Out Extension
Packer may be plugged, can be used as temporary
Crossover Sub
or permanent bridge plug
Flow Coupling
Seating Nipple
Permanent packers removed by milling operations
Spacer Tube Retrievable Seal Bore Packers are removed in
Flow Coupling
separate trip with retrieval tool provided seals
No-Go Seating Nipple
Perforated Spacer Tube will release.
Crossover Sub
Seating Nipple
Wireline Re-Entry Guide
Weatherford
Single Zone Completion
(Seal Bore Packers w/Locator Seal Assy.)
Sliding Sleeve
Flow Coupling
Locator Seal Assembly
Locator unit atop Seal Bore Extension allows tubing
Seal Bore Packer movement from press and temp changes:
Seal Spacer Tube
Frac or Acid Stimulation
Seal Bore Extension Production extremes and shut-in
Tubing Seal Nipples
Seals available to match environment:
Production Tube
Temperature Range
Spacer Tube
Pressure Conditions
Flow Coupling
Seating Nipple
Fluid Environment
Weatherford
Single Zone Completion
(Polished Bore Receptacle (PBR))
Weatherford
Single Zone Completion
(Stacked Selective Completion)
Flow Coupling
Sliding Sleeve
Permanent packers are stacked for
Seal Bore Packer
Seal Bore Extension
multiple zone completion
Tubing Seal Nipples
Flow Coupling
Permits independent production of
Sliding Sleeve
Short String Seal Nipple
each zone
Dual Hydraulic Retrievable Packer
Flow Coupling
Seating Nipple
Flow Coupling
Flanged-up completion for safety
Ball Activated Pressure Sub
Perforated Spacer Tube
No-Go Seating Nipple
Pinned Collar
Fully retrievable completion (both
Seating Nipple
Blast Joint
packers) for remedial access
Polished Nipple
Sliding Sleeve
Hydraulic Retrievable Packer
Or, the bottom packer may be a
Seating Nipple permanent packer which serves as
Ball Activated Pressure Sub
Perforated Spacer Tube
No-Go Seating Nipple
a locator for spacing out the
Wireline Re-Entry Guide
completion
Weatherford