Slope Protection
Slope Protection
Slope Protection
1. A Surface Drain System that is capable to discharge all the storm water within the rain water
catchment area affecting the slope in a designated period of time (say, 200mm rainfall/hour).
A surface drain system usually consists of:
surface channel
stepped or trapezoidal channel
catchpit or sand trap
2. A Subsoil Drain System that is laid below surface for the discharging of ground water and to
maintain the water pressure be kept in a safe level
- filter layer behind the slope leading water to outlets
- weepholes - cut-off drain
- subsoil drain pipe
2. Construct buttress support this is concrete or masonry gravity structure use to retain the
unstable rock mass.
3. Dentition work exposed soft material in a rock face be trimmed back. The resulting slot be
filled with filter material and protected by masonry or concrete to prevent erosion.
4. Sprayed concrete apply concrete protection to zones of weak or highly fractured rock faces by
spray-on method.
Spraying concrete
5. Dowel a hole is drilled and provide untensioned steel bars, usually 25mm to 35mm dia. and 1m
to 3m long, to stabilize a weak rock zone. The hole would be grouted afterward.
Dowel Pin
6. Rock bolt/nail this is tensioned bar inserted into rock forming a short anchorage zone in rock so
that an unstable slope area being reinforced by tension.
Typical rock bolts are 25mm to 40mm in dia. 3m to 6m long, and have a tensile working load around
100kN.
Chunam plastering this is an applied-on surface protection to slope using a clay and cement
mixed plaster. Thickness of the plaster is around 40mm to 50mm for permanent works.
Sprayed concrete (shotcrete) protection by applying a spraying mortar onto surface of slope.
Masonry or stone pitching lay stone rubble or block (with filter layer underneath) onto surface to
protect slope from weathering
In general, rigid surface may create a very awkward appearance.
Besides, the surface is highly impermeable thus weep holes are required for draining out of the
ground water to avoid the development of high water pressure behind the slope.
3. Planting of tree usually done at the same time with the other method to provide better visual
result and provide further strengthening effect to the slope by its deep root.