Article 2/2 Problems 31

PROBLEMS 2/9 The acceleration of a particle is given by a " 4t # 30,

where a is in meters per second squared and t is in
Introductory Problems seconds. Determine the velocity and displacement as
functions of time. The initial displacement at t " 0 is
Problems 2/1 through 2/6 treat the motion of a particle s0 " #5 m, and the initial velocity is v0 " 3 m /s.
which moves along the s-axis shown in the figure.
2/10 During a braking test, a car is brought to rest begin-
+ s, ft or m
1 0 1 2 3 ning from an initial speed of 60 mi/hr in a distance of
120 ft. With the same constant deceleration, what
Problems 2/12/6 would be the stopping distance s from an initial
speed of 80 mi/hr?
2/1 The velocity of a particle is given by v " 20t2 # 100t $
50, where v is in meters per second and t is in seconds. 2/11 Ball 1 is launched with an initial vertical velocity
Plot the velocity v and acceleration a versus time for v1 " 160 ft /sec. Three seconds later, ball 2 is
the first 6 seconds of motion and evaluate the velocity launched with an initial vertical velocity v2. Deter-
when a is zero. mine v2 if the balls are to collide at an altitude of
300 ft. At the instant of collision, is ball 1 ascending
2/2 The displacement of a particle is given by s " 2t3 # or descending?
30t2 $ 100t # 50, where s is in feet and t is in seconds.
Plot the displacement, velocity, and acceleration as v1, v2
functions of time for the first 12 seconds of motion. 1
Determine the time at which the velocity is zero.
2
2/3 The velocity of a particle which moves along the s-axis
is given by v " 2 $ 5t3/2, where t is in seconds and v is
in meters per second. Evaluate the displacement s, Problem 2/11
velocity v, and acceleration a when t " 4 s. The parti-
cle is at the origin s " 0 when t " 0. 2/12 A projectile is fired vertically with an initial velocity
of 200 m/s. Calculate the maximum altitude h
2/4 The velocity of a particle along the s-axis is given by reached by the projectile and the time t after firing
v " 5s3/2, where s is in millimeters and v is in millime- for it to return to the ground. Neglect air resistance
ters per second. Determine the acceleration when s is and take the gravitational acceleration to be con-
2 millimeters. stant at 9.81 m /s2.

2/5 The position of a particle in millimeters is given by 2/13 A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial
s " 27 # 12t $ t2, where t is in seconds. Plot the s-t speed of 80 ft/sec from the base A of a 50-ft cliff.
and v-t relationships for the first 9 seconds. Deter- Determine the distance h by which the ball clears
mine the net displacement !s during that interval the top of the cliff and the time t after release for the
and the total distance D traveled. By inspection of the ball to land at B. Also, calculate the impact velocity
s-t relationship, what conclusion can you reach re- vB. Neglect air resistance and the small horizontal
garding the acceleration? motion of the ball.

2/6 The velocity of a particle which moves along the s-axis

is given by s " 40 # 3t2 m/s, where t is in seconds. h
Calculate the displacement !s of the particle during
the interval from t " 2 s to t " 4 s. B

2/7 Calculate the constant acceleration a in gs which

the catapult of an aircraft carrier must provide to
produce a launch velocity of 180 mi/hr in a distance 50
of 300 ft. Assume that the carrier is at anchor.
v0
2/8 A particle moves along a straight line with a velocity A
in millimeters per second given by v " 400 # 16t2,
where t is in seconds. Calculate the net displacement
!s and total distance D traveled during the first Problem 2/13
6 seconds of motion.
32 Chapter 2 Kinematics of Particles

2/14 In the pinewood-derby event shown, the car is re- 2/17 The car is traveling at a constant speed v0 " 100
leased from rest at the starting position A and then km/h on the level portion of the road. When the
rolls down the incline and on to the finish line C. 6-percent (tan ! " 6 /100) incline is encountered, the
If the constant acceleration down the incline is driver does not change the throttle setting and con-
9 ft/sec2 and the speed from B to C is essentially con- sequently the car decelerates at the constant rate
stant, determine the time duration tAC for the race. g sin !. Determine the speed of the car (a) 10 sec-
The effects of the small transition area at B can be onds after passing point A and (b) when s " 100 m.
neglected.

v0 s
20
A

B A
C
10
12 Problem 2/16

Representative Problems
Problem 2/14
2/18 In traveling a distance of 3 km between points A and
2/15 Starting from rest at home plate, a baseball player D, a car is driven at 100 km/h from A to B for t sec-
runs to first base (90 ft away). He uniformly acceler- onds and 60 km/h from C to D also for t seconds. If
ates over the first 10 ft to his maximum speed, which the brakes are applied for 4 seconds between B and
is then maintained until he crosses first base. If the C to give the car a uniform deceleration, calculate t
overall run is completed in 4 seconds, determine his and the distance s between A and B.
maximum speed, the acceleration over the first 10 feet,
and the time duration of the acceleration. 100 km/h 60 km/h
A B C D
t=0 t = 4 sec

s
3 km
10 80
Problem 2/18
Problem 2/15
2/19 During an 8-second interval, the velocity of a particle
2/16 The graph shows the displacement-time history for moving in a straight line varies with time as shown.
the rectilinear motion of a particle during an 8-second Within reasonable limits of accuracy, determine the
interval. Determine the average velocity vav during amount !a by which the acceleration at t " 4 s exceeds
the interval and, to within reasonable limits of accu- the average acceleration during the interval. What is
racy, find the instantaneous velocity v when t " 4 s. the displacement !s during the interval?

10 14

8 12

6 10
s, m

4 8
v, m/s
2 6

0 4
0 2 4 6 8
t, s 2
0
Problem 2/16 0 2 4 6 8
t, s

Problem 2/19
 Article 2/2 Problems 33

2/20 A particle moves along the positive x-axis with an 2/22 A train which is traveling at 80 mi/hr applies its
acceleration ax in meters per second squared which brakes as it reaches point A and slows down with a
increases linearly with x expressed in millimeters, as constant deceleration. Its decreased velocity is ob-
shown on the graph for an interval of its motion. If served to be 60 mi/hr as it passes a point 1/2 mi be-
the velocity of the particle at x " 40 mm is 0.4 m/s, yond A. A car moving at 50 mi/hr passes point B at
determine the velocity at x " 120 mm. the same instant that the train reaches point A. In
an unwise effort to beat the train to the crossing, the
ax, m/s2 driver steps on the gas. Calculate the constant ac-
celeration a that the car must have in order to beat
4 the train to the crossing by 4 sec and find the veloc-
ity v of the car as it reaches the crossing.

2
A 1 mi
Train
0
40 120
x, mm 80 mi/hr

Problem 2/20

mi
1.3
/ hr
2/21 A girl rolls a ball up an incline and allows it to re-

mi
turn to her. For the angle ! and ball involved, the

50
acceleration of the ball along the incline is con-
B
stant at 0.25g, directed down the incline. If the Car
ball is released with a speed of 4 m/s, determine
the distance s it moves up the incline before re-
versing its direction and the total time t required Problem 2/22
for the ball to return to the childs hand.
2/23 Car A is traveling at a constant speed vA " 130 km/h
at a location where the speed limit is 100 km/h. The
s
police officer in car P observes this speed via radar.
At the moment when A passes P, the police car be-
gins to accelerate at the constant rate of 6 m/s2 until
a speed of 160 km/h is achieved, and that speed is
then maintained. Determine the distance required
for the police officer to overtake car A. Neglect any
nonrectilinear motion of P.

Problem 2/21

A vA

Problem 2/23

2/24 Repeat the previous problem, only now the driver of

car A is traveling at vA " 130 km/h as it passes P,
but over the next 5 seconds, the car uniformly decel-
erates to the speed limit of 100 km/h, and after that
the speed limit is maintained. If the motion of
the police car P remains as described in the previous
problem, determine the distance required for the
police officer to overtake car A.
34 Chapter 2 Kinematics of Particles

2/25 Repeat Prob. 2/23, only now the driver of car A sees 160
and reacts very unwisely to the police car P. Car A is
traveling at vA " 130 km/h as it passes P, but over 140
the next 5 seconds, the car uniformly accelerates to
150 km/h, after which that speed is maintained. If 120
the motion of the police car P remains as described
in Prob. 2/23, determine the distance required for
100
the police officer to overtake car A.

v, ft/sec
2/26 The 14-in. spring is compressed to an 8-in. length, 80
where it is released from rest and accelerates block A.
The acceleration has an initial value of 400 ft /sec2 60
and then decreases linearly with the x-movement of
the block, reaching zero when the spring regains its 40
original 14-in. length. Calculate the time t for the
block to go (a) 3 in. and (b) 6 in. 20

8 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
A x t, sec

Problem 2/28

14 2/29 A particle starts from rest at x " #2 m and moves

along the x-axis with the velocity history shown. Plot
the corresponding acceleration and the displacement
histories for the 2 seconds. Find the time t when the
particle crosses the origin.
Problem 2/26
v, m/s
2/27 A single-stage rocket is launched vertically from
rest, and its thrust is programmed to give the rocket 3
a constant upward acceleration of 6 m/s2. If the fuel
is exhausted 20 s after launch, calculate the maxi-
mum velocity vm and the subsequent maximum alti- 0 2.0
tude h reached by the rocket. 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
1
t, s
2/28 An electric car is subjected to acceleration tests
along a straight and level test track. The resulting v-t Problem 2/29
data are closely modeled over the first 10 seconds by
the function v " 24t # t2 $ 5!t, where t is the time 2/30 A retarding force is applied to a body moving in a
in seconds and v is the velocity in feet per second. straight line so that, during an interval of its mo-
Determine the displacement s as a function of time tion, its speed v decreases with increased position co-
over the interval 0 % t % 10 sec and specify its value ordinate s according to the relation v2 " k/s, where k
at time t " 10 sec. is a constant. If the body has a forward speed of
2 in./sec and its position coordinate is 9 in. at time
t " 0, determine the speed v at t " 3 sec.
36 Chapter 2 Kinematics of Particles

2/36 In an archery test, the acceleration of the arrow de- 2/39 The body falling with speed v0 strikes and maintains
creases linearly with distance s from its initial value contact with the platform supported by a nest of
of 16,000 ft /sec2 at A upon release to zero at B after springs. The acceleration of the body after impact is
a travel of 24 in. Calculate the maximum velocity v a " g # cy, where c is a positive constant and y is
of the arrow. measured from the original platform position. If the
maximum compression of the springs is observed to
be ym, determine the constant c.

v0
A B
24
y
s

Problem 2/39

2/40 Particle 1 is subjected to an acceleration a " #kv,

particle 2 is subjected to a " #kt, and particle 3 is
subjected to a " #ks. All three particles start at the
origin s " 0 with an initial velocity v0 " 10 m /s at
time t " 0, and the magnitude of k is 0.1 for all three
particles (note that the units of k vary from case to
case). Plot the position, velocity, and acceleration ver-
Problem 2/36 sus time for each particle over the range 0 % t % 10 s.

2/37 The 230,000-lb space-shuttle orbiter touches down at 2/41 The steel ball A of diameter D slides freely on the
about 220 mi/hr. At 200 mi/hr its drag parachute horizontal rod which leads to the pole face of the
deploys. At 35 mi/hr, the chute is jettisoned from the electromagnet. The force of attraction obeys an
orbiter. If the deceleration in feet per second squared inverse-square law, and the resulting acceleration of
during the time that the chute is deployed is the ball is a " K /(L # x)2, where K is a measure of
#0.0003v2 (speed v in feet per second), determine the the strength of the magnetic field. If the ball is
corresponding distance traveled by the orbiter. Assume released from rest at x " 0, determine the velocity v
no braking from its wheel brakes. with which it strikes the pole face.

Problem 2/37 A
B
2/38 Reconsider the rollout of the space-shuttle orbiter of
the previous problem. The drag chute is deployed at
200 mi/hr, the wheel brakes are applied at 100 mi/hr Problem 2/41
until wheelstop, and the drag chute is jettisoned at
35 mi/hr. If the drag chute results in a deceleration 2/42 A certain lake is proposed as a landing area for large
of #0.0003v2 (in feet per second squared when the jet aircraft. The touchdown speed of 100 mi/hr upon
speed v is in feet per second) and the wheel brakes contact with the water is to be reduced to 20 mi/hr
cause a constant deceleration of 5 ft /sec2, determine in a distance of 1500 ft. If the deceleration is propor-
the distance traveled from 200 mi/hr to wheelstop. tional to the square of the velocity of the aircraft
through the water, a " #Kv2, find the value of the
design parameter K, which would be a measure of
the size and shape of the landing gear vanes that
plow through the water. Also find the time t elapsed
during the specified interval.
 Article 2/2 Problems 39

2/54 A test projectile is fired horizontally into a viscous

liquid with a velocity v0. The retarding force is pro-
portional to the square of the velocity, so that the au = g kv2 ad = g + kv2
acceleration becomes a " #kv2. Derive expressions
for the distance D traveled in the liquid and the cor-
responding time t required to reduce the velocity to h
v0 /2. Neglect any vertical motion. y

x 100 ft/sec

v Problem 2/56
v0

! 2/57 The vertical acceleration of a certain solid-fuel rocket

is given by a " ke#bt # cv # g, where k, b, and c are
Problem 2/54 constants, v is the vertical velocity acquired, and g is
the gravitational acceleration, essentially constant for
2/55 A bumper, consisting of a nest of three springs, is atmospheric flight. The exponential term represents
used to arrest the horizontal motion of a large mass the effect of a decaying thrust as fuel is burned, and
which is traveling at 40 ft/sec as it contacts the the term #cv approximates the retardation due to
bumper. The two outer springs cause a deceleration atmospheric resistance. Determine the expression for
proportional to the spring deformation. The center the vertical velocity of the rocket t seconds after firing.
spring increases the deceleration rate when the com-
pression exceeds 6 in. as shown on the graph. Deter- ! 2/58 The preliminary design for a rapid-transit system
mine the maximum compression x of the outer calls for the train velocity to vary with time as
springs. shown in the plot as the train runs the two miles be-
tween stations A and B. The slopes of the cubic tran-
Deceleration sition curves (which are of form a $ bt $ ct2 $ dt3)
ft/sec2
are zero at the end points. Determine the total run
3000 time t between the stations and the maximum accel-
2000 eration.
1000
0 x, in. A B
0 6 12
2 mi
40 ft/sec

v, mi/hr

Cubic functions
80

Problem 2/55

2/56 When the effect of aerodynamic drag is included, the 0

y-acceleration of a baseball moving vertically upward 15 t 15
is au " #g # kv2, while the acceleration when the A B
ball is moving downward is ad " #g $ kv2, where k is t, sec
a positive constant and v is the speed in feet per sec-
ond. If the ball is thrown upward at 100 ft/sec from Problem 2/58
essentially ground level, compute its maximum height
h and its speed v upon impact with the ground. Take
k to be 0.002 ft#1 and assume that g is constant.