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Angle Starred Angle Round Bar Flat Bar Double Angle S-Sectio N (America N Built-Up Box Sections Standard)

These document discusses tension members which are commonly used as parts of trusses, transmission towers, and steel structures. It lists common cross-sectional shapes used for tension members such as round bars, flat bars, angles, double angles, starred angles, W-sections, channels, and built-up box sections. The strength of a tension member is controlled by either the yield strength of the gross area, the ultimate tensile strength of the net area, or block shear failure through end bolts. Hole size and placement can impact the effective net area of tension members.

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erwin sarmiento
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158 views7 pages

Angle Starred Angle Round Bar Flat Bar Double Angle S-Sectio N (America N Built-Up Box Sections Standard)

These document discusses tension members which are commonly used as parts of trusses, transmission towers, and steel structures. It lists common cross-sectional shapes used for tension members such as round bars, flat bars, angles, double angles, starred angles, W-sections, channels, and built-up box sections. The strength of a tension member is controlled by either the yield strength of the gross area, the ultimate tensile strength of the net area, or block shear failure through end bolts. Hole size and placement can impact the effective net area of tension members.

Uploaded by

erwin sarmiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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These are found predominantly as members of plane or space

trusses (2D & 3D), as members in transmission towers and as wind


bracing (single or double) for single story or high rise steel structures.
Among the common shapes used as tension members:

Round bar Flat bar Angle Double angle Starred angle

W-section S-sectio
channel c (wide-flange) n
Built-up box
h (America
n sections
a
Channel Double nnels
Latticed
Standard)
Cross-section of typical tension members. T-1
The strength of a tension member is controlled by the lowest
of the following limiting states:

T T

Net Gross
Area (An) Area (Ag)

A) Yielding of the Gross Area (Ag):


Fn = Fy Ag
B) Failure (Ultimate strength) on the Net Area (An):
Fn = Fu Ae
Where Ae = effective net Area = UAn
U = Reduction Coefficient. T
C) Block Shear Failure through the end bolt:
T-2
A hole is drilled (or punched) by 1/16 inch greater then
the normal diameter of the fastener (rivet or bolt). Hole
punching causes some damage to the edges of the
hole to the amount of 1/32 inch from each side.

Thus the equivalent hole diameter


1 1 1
bolt diameter
16 32 32
1
bolt dia. inch.
8
T-3
Example (T1):
What is the net area An for the tension member
as shown in the figure?
1 Standard Hole for a 3 -in. diam bolt.
Plate 4 (inches) 4
4

T T

Solution: Ag = 4(0.25) = 1.0 sq in.


3 1 7
Width to be deducted for hole 4 8 8 in.
An = [Wg (width for hole)] (thickness of plate)
4 7 0.25 0.78 sq. in.
8 T-4
For a group of staggered holes along the tension direction, one
must determine the line that produces smallest Net Area.
EFFECT OF STAGGERED HOLES ON NET AREA :-
A
A p p

Paths of failure g
T T T T
on net section

B p s
(a) C B (b)
In the above diagram:
p = Pitch or spacing along bolt line
s = Stagger Between two adjacent bolt lines
(usually s = P/2)
g = gage distance transverse to the loading.
In case (a) above : An = (Gross width hole dia.) . t
In case (b) above : An = (Gross width hole dia.+ s2/4g) . t T-5
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