Join in SQL

SQL Join is used to fetch data from two or more tables, which is joined to appear as
single set of data. SQL Join is used for combining column from two or more tables
by using values common to both tables. Join Keyword is used in SQL queries for
joining two or more tables. Minimum required condition for joining table, is (n-
1) where n, is number of tables. A table can also join to itself known as, Self Join.

Types of Join
The following are the types of JOIN that we can use in SQL.

Inner

Outer

Left

Right

Cross JOIN or Cartesian Product

This type of JOIN returns the cartesian product of rows from the tables in Join. It will
return a table which consists of records which combines each row from the first table
with each row of the second table.
Cross JOIN Syn tax is,
SELECT column-name-list

from table-name1

CROSS JOIN

table-name2;
Example of Cross JOIN
The class table,

ID NAME

1 abhi

2 adam

4 alex

The class_info table,

ID Address

1 DELHI

2 MUMBAI

3 CHENNAI

Cross JOIN query will be,

SELECT *

from class,

cross JOIN class_info;

The result table will look like,

 ID NAME ID Address

1 abhi 1 DELHI

2 adam 1 DELHI

4 alex 1 DELHI

1 abhi 2 MUMBAI

2 adam 2 MUMBAI

4 alex 2 MUMBAI

1 abhi 3 CHENNAI

2 adam 3 CHENNAI

4 alex 3 CHENNAI

INNER Join or EQUI Join

This is a simple JOIN in which the result is based on matched data as per the
equality condition specified in the query.
Inner Join Syntax is,
SELECT column-name-list

from table-name1
INNER JOIN

table-name2

WHERE table-name1.column-name = table-name2.column-name;

Example of Inner JOIN

The class table,

ID NAME

1 abhi

2 adam

3 alex

4 anu

The class_info table,

ID Address

1 DELHI

2 MUMBAI

3 CHENNAI

Inner JOIN query will be,

SELECT * from class, class_info where class.id = class_info.id;
The result table will look like,

ID NAME ID Address

1 Abhi 1 DELHI

2 Adam 2 MUMBAI

3 alex 3 CHENNAI

Natural JOIN
Natural Join is a type of Inner join which is based on column having same name and
same data type present in both the tables to be joined.
Natural Join Syntax is,
SELECT *

from table-name1

NATURAL JOIN

table-name2;

Example of Natural JOIN

 The class table,
ID NAME

1 abhi

2 adam

3 alex

4 anu

The class_info table,

ID Address

1 DELHI

2 MUMBAI

3 CHENNAI

Natural join query will be,

SELECT * from class NATURAL JOIN class_info;

The result table will look like,

ID NAME Address
 1 abhi DELHI

2 adam MUMBAI

3 alex CHENNAI

In the above example, both the tables being joined have ID column(same name and
same datatype), hence the records for which value of ID matches in both the tables
will be the result of Natural Join of these two tables.

Outer JOIN
Outer Join is based on both matched and unmatched data. Outer Joins subdivide
further into,

Left Outer Join

Right Outer Join

Full Outer Join

Left Outer Join

The left outer join returns a result table with the matched data of two tables then
remaining rows of the left table and null for the right table's column.
Left Outer Join syntax is,
SELECT column-name-list

from table-name1

LEFT OUTER JOIN

table-name2

on table-name1.column-name = table-name2.column-name;
Left outer Join Syntax for Oracle is,
select column-name-list

from table-name1,

table-name2

on table-name1.column-name = table-name2.column-name(+);

Example of Left Outer Join

The class table,

ID NAME

1 abhi

2 adam

3 alex

4 anu

5 ashish

The class_info table,

ID Address
 1 DELHI

2 MUMBAI

3 CHENNAI

7 NOIDA

8 PANIPAT

Left Outer Join query will be,

SELECT * FROM class LEFT OUTER JOIN class_info ON (class.id=class_info.id);

The res ult table will look like,

ID NAME ID Address

1 abhi 1 DELHI

2 adam 2 MUMBAI

3 alex 3 CHENNAI

4 anu null null

5 ashish null null

Right Outer Join
The right outer join returns a result table with the matched data of two tables then
remaining rows of the right table and null for the left table's columns.
Right Outer Join Syntax is,
select column-name-list

from table-name1

RIGHT OUTER JOIN

table-name2

on table-name1.column-name = table-name2.column-name;

Right outer Join Syntax for Oracle is,

select column-name-list

from table-name1,

table-name2

on table-name1.column-name(+) = table-name2.column-name;

Example of Right Outer Join

The class table,

ID NAME

1 abhi

2 adam
 3 alex

4 anu

5 ashish

The class_info table,

ID Address

1 DELHI

2 MUMBAI

3 CHENNAI

7 NOIDA

8 PANIPAT

Right Outer Join query will be,

SELECT * FROM class RIGHT OUTER JOIN class_info on (class.id=class_info.id);

The result table will look like,

ID NAME ID Address

1 abhi 1 DELHI

2 adam 2 MUMBAI
 3 alex 3 CHENNAI

null null 7 NOIDA

null null 8 PANIPAT

Full Outer Join

The full outer join returns a result table with the matched data of two table then
remaining rows of both left table and then the right table.
Full Outer Join Syntax is,
select column-name-list

from table-name1

FULL OUTER JOIN

table-name2

on table-name1.column-name = table-name2.column-name;

Example of Full outer join is,

The class table,

ID NAME

1 abhi

2 adam

3 alex
 4 anu

5 ashish

The class_info table,

ID Address

1 DELHI

2 MUMBAI

3 CHENNAI

6 NOIDA

7 PANIPAT

Full Outer Join query will be like,

SELECT * FROM class FULL OUTER JOIN class_info on (class.id=class_info.id);

The result table will look like,

ID NAME ID Address

1 abhi 1 DELHI

2 adam 2 MUMBAI

3 alex 3 CHENNAI

4 anu null null

5 ashish null null

Null null 6 NOIDA

Null null 7 PANIPAT