Boilersinfo.
com
Boiler design & its
Construction
Moiz . A . Shamsi
Boilersinfo.com
R What is a Boiler ?
equipment in which steam is generated
R Where is the generated steam used ?
generation of electric power
process requirements
heating requirements
R How steam is produced ?
Boiling
Water STEAM
temp
Heat
Boilersinfo.com
Elementary Concepts
R Boiling
Process of vapor generation that take place in whole mass of a liquid,
bubbles forming inside the liquid and
on the surface
Boiling occurs at definite temp. & pressure.
R Temp. & Pressure relationship
T P (Charles Law)
R Heat Transfer
conduction
convection
radiation
R Steam
saturated
steam produced in the presence of water with which it is in a
state of equilibrium.
superheated
If additional heat is imparted to saturated steam without
changing the pressure so that it has no water vapors.
Boilersinfo.com
Classification of Boilers
Boilers
Low Pressure Boilers H igh Pressure Boilers
P < 103 KPa P > 103 Kpa
Water Tube Boiler Fire Tube Boiler
Other Criteria
Basis Types
O Firing Method Fired or Unfired Boilers
O Water Circulation Natural or Forced Circulation
Boilersinfo.com
Water Tube Boilers
When water is on the tube side of the boiler
Operation
Boilersinfo.com
Main Parts of Water Tube Boiler
R Boiler Furnace
R Steam Drum
R Burner
R Risers & Down Comers
R Economizer
R Super heater
R Water Walls
R Furnace Draught System
Boilersinfo.com
R Boiler Furnace
The section of Boiler where fuel is burned to generate heat. Heat is
transferred to risers through radiation.
R Steam Drum
Steam Drum is a high pressure vessel which serves as;
a large reservoir for Boiler Feed Water
center for water distribution
steam purifier
saturated steam collector & supplier to super heater
R Burners
They are located in the vertical wall of the combustion chamber and
burn fuel.
Boilersinfo.com
R Risers & Down comers
Circulation in Boiler is directed
into definite paths by arranging
the tubes to form circuits for the
circulation. The tubes are
divided into 2 categories
Down comers
Risers
ODown comers located in cooler
regions of furnace
ORisers located in the hottest
zone of furnace.
OWater in risers is in 2 phase &
hence less dense than that of
down comers. Therefore, a
positive circulation is produced
due to density difference.
Boilersinfo.com
R Economizer
Economizer is device which is used for heating the Boiler feed water
by means of the exhaust gases. Economizer ;
reduce losses of heat with the flue gases
cut consumption of fuel
improve the efficiency of the boiler installation
Boilersinfo.com
R Super heater
It is used to superheat the
saturated steam.
saturated steam from the
steam drum rises through
demister pads and enters
into a series of tubes which
are located in the boiler
furnace convection section
First it passes through the
primary super heater & then
finally, the final super heater.
Boilersinfo.com
R Water Wall Construction
A Boiler construction design in which water tubes are made
a part of floor, roof & walls of the furnace. Water walls;
Cool the flue gases in the furnace
Protect lining
Appreciably increase the steam generating capacity of unit
without increasing its dimensions.
Boilersinfo.com
R Furnace Draught System
It regulates the flow of air to
and from the burner and
provides enough amount of
oxygen required for
combustion. It also forces out
combustion gases out of the
furnace to the exhaust duct.
A forced draft system uses a
fan to force or push air through
the furnace.
Boilersinfo.com
Safety Measures in Boiler
Operation
R Boiler drum low level
R Low fuel gas pressure
R Low combustion air flow
R BFW Quality
Boilers in ECPL
R Utility -I
SG-621, 631, 641 60 KPPH @ 700 oF, 615 psig
R Utility - II
SG-681 150 KPPH @ 900 oF, 910 psig
Boilersinfo.com
Boilersinfo.com
Heat Transfer is
from hot to cold
body
Heat Transfer
modes
Boilersinfo.com
Effect of pressure
on boiling point
Effect of heat on
pressure & volume
