International Journal of Applied Sociology 2014, 4(3): 67-73

DOI: 10.5923/j.ijas.20140403.01

Society Behavior towards Household Waste Management

in Tulungagung
Slamet Sunarto1,2, Mohammad Bisri3, Soemarno4,*, Suyadi5

1
Environment Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2
Regional Development Planning Agency of Tulungagung, East Java
3
Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
4
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
5
Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the behavior of society towards the household waste management in
Tulungagung, thus it can be used as basic consideration for improving the efforts of Tulungagung Government to solve the
problem of waste management in a more effective, efficient and environmental-friendly policy. This study used a descriptive
quantitative analysis. The results showed that the behavior of society towards household waste management in Tulungagung
indicates a good category, where most components that affect the behavior of society are the rule/law regarding the
management of household waste. Knowledge and attitudes of society in the household waste management is at a moderate
level, while the actions of society are at a high level.
Keywords Behavior, Knowledge, Attitude, Action, Waste Management, Waste Household, Quantitative Descriptive

vibration, and scattered litter from passes garbage truck. This

1. Introduction can lead to a declining on property values, where the land
and homes around the landfill is not salable or profitable
Waste is a serious environmental problem throughout the because most people are reluctant to live near the landfill.
world and closely related to daily life of human, as the party Waste problem is also experienced by Tulungagung
that generates the waste. Then it could be considered that Government as the award winning of Clean City from 2006
waste problem laid on society's behavior. To achieve the to 2011. In fact as 2012 and 2013, the city was awarded the
healthy and prosperous society in the future, we will need to Adipura (urban sanitation award) for medium city category.
sustain a healthy living environment. The condition of However, the local government is facing the waste problems
healthy living environment would be achieved if the waste is with the increasing of waste in various places which is
managed well (Regulation of Public Works Ministry No. caused by the behavior of society who still manage the waste
21/PRT/M/2006). inappropriately, such as burned, littering etc. (Tulungagung
Rapid growth of urban population increased the amount of Government, 2013). Department of Public Works, and
generated waste. Increased waste was not followed by Department of Human Settlements and Housing Services of
appropriate refinement and enhancement of waste Tulungagung in 2013 stated that the volume of waste as an
management facilities and infrastructure. It leads to a more indicator of environmental quality in Tulungagung along
complex problem of waste, such as incomplete transported 2010-2012 was 144.190,82 m3 per year, with an average
trash and illegal dumping site occurrence, which cause increase amounted to 17.29% per year or equal to
various diseases, dirt, bad odors, reducing the capacity of the 4.777,85 m3 per year. However, the volume of waste that can
river etc. Hadi [1] explained that people with the rubbish be processed is only about 22.74% which includes 2.97%
syndrome is being resistant to the current waste disposal composting, 14.83% recycling and 4.94% sorting for
facility. The controlled landfill as the waste disposal system reusable waste. The data showed that the waste management
is maintained by the Department of Sanitation, whereas in is still not optimum, and if it continuously happened, it will
practice, it implemented the conventional waste management lead to environmental damage in Tulungagung.
system of open dumping. Impacts to the area that used as the Trash is a solid material or objects which are not usable
open dumping are inconvenience due to dust, noise, anymore for humans or no longer used in a human activity
and then discarded [2, 3]. Many people think that all waste is
* Corresponding author:
[email protected] (Soemarno) dirty, disgusting and useless and should be thrown away or
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijas burned. The government started to find difficulties in finding
Copyright 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved landfills for waste because many people are not willing to
68 Slamet Sunarto et al.: Society Behavior towards Household Waste Management in Tulungagung

use their environment as a garbage dumping site. This is to Solimun [18], the amount of sample equals to 5 to 10 times
understandable because accumulated garbage is disturbing the number of manifest variables (indicators) of the overall
the comfort and health, especially due to the smell and flies latent variables. This study uses 18 indicators so that the
[4]. Nevertheless, waste management is defined as a control sample size is 5 x 18 = 90 respondents. Because the study is
of landfill waste, containers, collection, removal, conducted at three sites, so this study is using 270
transportation, dumping, and waste disposal process which respondents (housewives in the city of Tulungagung) as
related to the health, economics, engineering, conservation, research subjects.
aesthetics, environment and attitudes. Waste management
system is essentially seen as subsystem components that 2.3. Data Analysis
support and interacted each other to achieve the goal of a This study used a quantitative descriptive approach to
clean, health and in order city [5-8]. assess and describe the characteristics of each assessed
Waste problem should absolutely be jointly handled variables. The numerical data used the value of mean
between the government, non-governmental organizations (average), median, standard deviation, etc. Otherwise,
and the community itself. Therefore, it needs awareness and categorical data explain the number or value and percentage
commitment to change the attitudes, behaviors and ethics of each group.
towards environment. The behavior includes all activities The answer instruments are scored, graded on a Likert
that can be directly observed, as a response or reaction to scale from very positive to very negative scoring. The Likert
outside stimuli or stimulus. The behavior is accordance to the Scale indicates: strongly agree is scored 5, agree is scored 4,
Theory of Skinner which is called as SOR theory: Stimulus, fair is scored 3, disagree is scored 2, and strongly disagree is
Organism, and Response [9-14]. Baum [14], an educational scored 1 [19]. The frequency distribution of scores obtained
psychologist, divided human behavior into three groups, i.e. from the tabulation of respondents' answers. Riduan and
cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The cognitive Kuncoro [20] classify the interpretation of scores into five
component consists of all cognition of a person on a criterias (Table 1).
particular object such as knowledge and beliefs about the
object. Affective component consists of assessment and Table 1. The Score of Interpretation Criteria
psychomotor component which consists of a person's No. Average of score value Criteria
readiness to react or inclined to act against the object [15, 16, 1 1.00-1.80 very low
17]. 2 1.81-2.60 Low
Based on the above description, it is necessary to discuss
3 2.61-3.40 Medium
household waste management issues. This is due to the
4 3.41-4.20 High
production of daily household waste increases along with the
increasing number of products and patterns of consumption. 5 4.21-5.00 very high
It is necessary to reduce the volume of the waste through
community empowerment and improve people's behavior to
manage the household waste. The purpose of this study is to 3. Result and Discussion
assess the behavior of society on household waste
3.1. Knowledge (K)
management in Tulungagung. This study were expected to
be considered as basis for decision making of Tulungagung Knowledge (K) variable consists of six indicators which
Government in more effective, efficient and environmental are knowing (K), understanding (K2), application (K3),
friendly waste management. analysis (K4), synthesis (K5), and evaluation (K6). The
results of the analysis on the description of knowledge
variable (K) are summarized in Table 2.
2. Research Method The average value of knowledge variable is 3.12 (medium
category). This indicates that the respondents' knowledge
This study used a quantitative approach with data about the household waste management is at a medium level.
collection method of field observation and questionnaires. Knowledge is the result of knowing and it occurs after
The method of analysis is quantitative descriptive analysis. sensing a particular object. Sensing occurs in a person
2.1. Study Site through their human senses, i.e. sight, smell, taste and touch.
Most human knowledge acquired through the eyes and ears.
This study conducted in three villages, Ketanon, Tamanan Before a person adopts a new behavior, the person must
and Beji (Figure 1). All three study sites are a densely know the importance or benefit of attitude for themselves or
populated area and have the characteristics to be achieved in their family [12, 15, 21].
this study, which represents the area of the city. The knowledge of society towards household waste
management in Tulungagung is at a moderate level, meaning
2.2. Data Collection
that knowledge has a positive effect on the behavior of a
Data collection is conducted using a questionnaire for person in the household waste management although the
respondents who are housewives at the study site. According effect is not significant. This is consistent with Tobin and
 International Journal of Applied Sociology 2014, 4(3): 67-73 69

Roth [22] that explained knowledge of the person's behavior waste, waste management phase, and use of waste. Generally,
influence their attitude; the higher level of public knowledge the assessment showed good knowledge of housewife on
enable them to absorb and understand the messages waste management. However, the observation showed that
conveyed by others and government. Assessment on the not all respondents have a good level of knowledge would be
level of knowledge is based on the understanding of the followed by good attitude and behavior in waste
housewife in the waste dumping site, litter sources, waste management. Knowledge or cognitive is a domain that is
characteristics, the factors that affect the amount of produced very important to build one's behavior.

(Regional Development Planning Agency of Tulungagung, 2012)

Figure 1. Study Site; O: sampling villages
70 Slamet Sunarto et al.: Society Behavior towards Household Waste Management in Tulungagung

Table 2. Respondent Answer in Variable of Knowledge (K)

Distribution of Respondents answer

Indicator Strongly disagree Disagree Fair Agree Strongly agree Mean
F % F % F % F % F %
K1 0 0.00 2 0.74 155 57.41 113 41.85 0 0.00 3.41
K2 0 0.00 100 37.04 63 23.33 107 39.63 0 0.00 3.03
K3 0 0.00 19 7.04 146 54.07 105 38.89 0 0.00 3.32
K4 11 4.07 138 51.11 31 11.48 90 33.33 0 0.00 2.74
K5 0 0.00 170 62.96 100 37.04 0 0.00 0 0.00 2.37
K6 0 0.00 9 3.33 23 8.52 238 88.15 0 0.00 3.85
average 3.12

Table 3. Respondent Answer in Variable of Attitude (A)

Distribution of Respondent answers

Indicator Strongly disagree Disagree Fair Agree Strongly agree Mean
F % F % F % F % F %
A1 167 61.85 23 8.52 41 15.19 28 10.37 11 4.07 1.86
A2 0 0.00 0 0.00 182 67.41 88 32.59 0 0.00 3.33
A3 0 0.00 0 0.00 87 32.22 183 67.78 0 0.00 3.68
A4 0 0.00 0 0.00 245 90.74 25 9.26 0 0.00 3.09
average 2.99

Table 4. Respondent Answer in Variable of Action (Ac)

Distribution of Respondents Answer

Indicator Strongly disagree Disagree Fair Agree Strongly agree Mean
F % F % F % F % F %
Ac1 0 0.00 0 0.00 71 26.30 181 67.04 18 6.67 3.80
Ac2 0 0.00 0 0.00 65 24.07 205 75.93 0 0.00 3.76
Ac3 0 0.00 72 26.67 91 33.70 107 39.63 0 0.00 3.13
Ac4 2 0.74 73 27.04 15 5.56 169 62.59 11 4.07 3.42
average 3.48

Table 5. Respondent Answer in Variable of Waste Management (WM)

Distribution of Respondents answer

Indicator Strongly disagree Disagree Fair Agree Strongly agree Mean
F % F % F % F % F %
WM1 0 0.00 0 0.00 23 8.52 233 86.30 14 5.19 3.97
WM2 0 0.00 12 4.44 27 10.00 231 85.56 0 0.00 3.81
WM3 0 0.00 76 28.15 39 14.44 155 57.41 0 0.00 3.29
WM4 0 0.00 8 2.96 221 81.85 41 15.19 0 0.00 3.12
WM5 0 0.00 13 4.81 34 12.59 221 81.85 2 0.74 3.79
average 3.60

Knowledge as a cognitive component in behavior, reasoning and to organize experience. The existence of the
accordance with the functional theory proposed by Katz; to original experience elements is not consistent with the
understand good or bad behavior must depart from the knowledge known by the individual, which will be arranged,
behavior of basic motivation itself. Katz implied the rearranged, or changed in such way to reach a consistency
motivational basis as the individual behavior. The function [17, 23, 24, 25].
for human behavior is formulated into four types, which one
3.2. Attitude (A)
of it is a function of knowledge. According to the function of
knowledge, humans have motivation to know, to look for Attitude (A) variable consisted of four indicators, namely
 International Journal of Applied Sociology 2014, 4(3): 67-73 71

receiving (A1), respond (A2), respect (A3), and responsible [40-43].

(A4). The analysis on attitude variable (A) are summarized High level of community action towards household waste
in Table 3. management in Tulungagung means that the action has a
Average value of the attitude variable is 2.99, included in very positive influence on the behavior of a person in the
the medium category. This indicates that the respondents' household waste management. This is in line with several
attitude towards waste management in Tulungagung is at the studies which claim that positive action is strongly
medium level. Attitude is a closed reaction or response from influenced by someone's knowledge and attitude in
someone to a stimulus or object. Attitude has three main accepting the changes and requires a supporting factor or a
components, i.e. (1) belief (faith), the idea, the concept of an condition that allows it, which are facilitated and supported
object; (2) emotional life or evaluation of an object; and (3) by other parties [44-46].
the tendency to act [15, 17, 26-29].
Moderate attitude of society in Tulungagung towards 3.4. Waste Management (WM)
household waste management implied a positive effect on a Waste management variable (WM) consisted of five
person's behavior in the management of household waste indicators, namely rule/law aspect (WM1), institutional and
although the effect is not significant. This is in line with organizational aspects (WM2), operational technique aspects
several studies that explained the attitudes affect on one's (WM3), financial aspects (WM4), and aspects of community
behavior, but will not always automatically manifested in an participation (WM5). The results of the analysis on the waste
action. This is due to the realization of attitude that requires management variables (WM) are summarized in Table 5.
supporting factors, e.g. support from other parties, The average value of waste management variable is 3.60
experience and surround environment motivation [6, 30, 31, (high category). This indicates that the respondent's behavior
32]. Society attitude at this level is estimated to be affected towards waste management in Tulungagung is at a high level.
by the level of public knowledge. Based on the field Behavioral component in the structure of attitude showed the
observations, attitudes of some people have influenced the tendencies of a person are related to the object that being
lack of waste transportation infrastructure in their areas, thus faced. This relation is based on the assumption that beliefs
most of them burned the garbage and others dispose waste in and feelings strongly influence the behavior. How people
landfills around the market area. Nevertheless, as an effort of behave in a given situation will be largely determined by the
waste management, peoples sorting cans or bottles for resale persons beliefs and feelings toward the stimulus [47, 48].
although it is infrequent. The behavior of people in the household waste
Attitude is an evaluative response that would only arise if management in Tulungagung indicated good results; where
individuals are exposed to a stimulus that calls for individual most component that affecting the behavior of society is the
reactions. Evaluative response means that the reaction rule/law regarding the management of household waste.
expressed as attitude arise due to the evaluation process Based on the observations, the process of adopting a new
within the individual that gives a conclusion to the stimulus behavior to the community on waste management of
in the form of either positive or negative, pleasant Tulungagung has experienced a sequential process on
-unpleasant, which is then formed as a potential reaction to consciousness, interest, and effort to weigh, to try and adapt.
the object. Most studies showed a strong indication between However, changes in a person's behavior is not always
attitudes and behavior [33-37], while others showed the through this process, thus make the new behavior is
evidence of weak relationship between attitudes to behavior generally unsustainable. The new behavior change of a
[26, 38, 39]. Social attitudes were formed from the social person will sustainable if it goes through the stages of the
interaction experienced by the individual. Social interaction process and based on the knowledge, awareness and positive
implies more than just the existence of social contacts and attitude.
relationships between individuals as members of a social
group. Social interactions issued interrelationships that
influence the behavior patterns of each individual as a 4. Conclusions
member of society.
The behavior of society on the household waste
3.3. Action (Ac) management in Tulungagung indicates good results, where
Action (Ac) variable consisted of four indicators of the most affecting component on the behavior of society is
perception (Ac1), guided response (Ac2), the mechanism the rule/law regarding the management of household waste.
(Ac3), and adaptation (Ac4). The results of the analysis on Although the knowledge and attitude of people in household
action variable (Ac) are summarized in Table 4. waste management is at a moderate level, but people's
Average value of action variable is 3.48, which included actions are at a high level. This study suggests that if the
in high category. This indicates that the action of respondents government wants to change people's behavior in waste
to waste management in Tulungagung is at a high level. management, the government should strive to sustainably
Action is performed in rule, conduct rules or overcome improve the knowledge and awareness in waste management,
something or act. There is a close relationship between so it will be able to change a person's attitude and formed it in
attitudes and actions which is supported by knowledge a positive action.
72 Slamet Sunarto et al.: Society Behavior towards Household Waste Management in Tulungagung

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