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    Tense in Sanskrit

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    Prantik Gupta
    The document discusses a Sanskrit quote that has multiple meanings depending on word order. It also discusses parts of speech in Sanskrit like participles and cases, comparing them to their English equivalents. There is no direct one-to-one mapping between some Sanskrit and English tenses. The document aims to clarify concepts of the passive voice and different types of past tense in Sanskrit.

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    Tense in Sanskrit

    Uploaded by

    Prantik Gupta
    434 views6 pages
    The document discusses a Sanskrit quote that has multiple meanings depending on word order. It also discusses parts of speech in Sanskrit like participles and cases, comparing them to their English equivalents. There is no direct one-to-one mapping between some Sanskrit and English tenses. The document aims to clarify concepts of the passive voice and different types of past tense in Sanskrit.

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    tense in sanskrit grammar

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    The document discusses a Sanskrit quote that has multiple meanings depending on word order. It also discusses parts of speech in Sanskrit like participles and cases, comparing them to their English equivalents. There is no direct one-to-one mapping between some Sanskrit and English tenses. The document aims to clarify concepts of the passive voice and different types of past tense in Sanskrit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    434 views6 pages

    Tense in Sanskrit

    Uploaded by

    Prantik Gupta
    The document discusses a Sanskrit quote that has multiple meanings depending on word order. It also discusses parts of speech in Sanskrit like participles and cases, comparing them to their English equivalents. There is no direct one-to-one mapping between some Sanskrit and English tenses. The document aims to clarify concepts of the passive voice and different types of past tense in Sanskrit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The passage discusses an interesting quote in Sanskrit and its meaning and interpretation. It also discusses Sanskrit grammar equivalents for different tenses in English and notes a fundamental conceptual difference in Sanskrit for past tense.

    The quote is 'मममममम ममम ममम म मममममम' which can be interpreted in two ways - 'The path or the way, the great people went, is (the path)' or 'Great is the person, who went that way'.

    The two interpretations are 1) मममममम ममम ममम, म मममममम - The path or the way, the great people went, is (the path) and 2) मममममम ममम म मममममम ममम - Great is the person, who went that way.

    This brings to mind an interesting quote

    This quote has been


    discussed in detail in Lesson No. 58
    at http://slabhyankar.wordpress.com/ In the context
    of ppp, we have in this quote which is
    adjective of . Actually this quote is
    interesting, because except for , all the other 4
    out of 5 words are masculine, first case, singular

    .

    = : masculine, first case,

    singular of noun
    = masculine, third case, singular of

    pronoun
    = masculine, first case, singular of ppp


    = : = masculine, first case, singular of

    pronoun
    = masculine, first case, singular of

    noun . Note this is a consonant ()-


    ending , meaning path, way
    Meaning of
    can be interpreted in two different ways, depending
    upon two different modes of syntax or two different
    sequences for arranging the words.
    1. , = The
    path or the way, the great people went, is (the
    path).
    meaning The way (to go by) is the way (by

    which) great people went.


    2. = Great
    is the person, who went that way.
    The quote is actually from an episode in
    It is the answer given
    by in reply to a question
    ? by , who claimed to be the
    master of a lake and would not allow thirsty
    to partake of the water, unless
    would answer a few questions.
    Complete answer of was






    (Meaning Science of Logic is not definitive; the
    scriptures are many and varied; there is no one sage,
    whose saying can be taken as the norm; code of
    righteous conduct is enshrined in cave (or in
    mystery). Hence the way to go is the way a great
    person has gone by.)
    Is this too much of ppp and the passive voice in-built
    therein ? One need not be overawed by the passive
    voice of ppp. Sanskrit provides an option of an
    active voice participle also, and in past tense. Active
    Past Participle (app) is derived from ppp by affixing
    a suffix to the ppp. For example is
    app derived from ppp . The procedure is simple.
    Table 9-1
    Use of ppp and app

    English active voice English passive voice Using ppp

    I went to school School was gone to by me

    Note
    in the noun-adjective
    pair is
    In the noun
    (or pronoun)-adjective pair is .
    This is perfectly according to the passive and
    active voice constructs.
    is masculine, first case, singular of
    .
    is feminine, first case, singular of .
    , , , seem to be
    similar to gone in English. However there is a
    difference. In English gone is not complete by
    itself, nor can it stand by itself. It is an
    appendage as in is gone, has gone, etc. As
    against this, , , ,
    when inflected are complete; they can stand by
    themselves. They are adjectives. I do not know
    what gone is in English grammar. Possibly
    gone is a participle. In Sanskrit dictionaries
    also is mentioned as a participle, pp,
    possibly following the style set by English
    grammarians.
    Truly speaking is an adjective -
    --
    (. . . .) Certainly .
    . . . is far better refined than a
    participle. That is what Sanskrit is refined !
    Note, stands for Passive (Voice
    )
    By that token, is -

    --
    (. . . .). Note,
    stands for Active (Voice
    )
    Having said, gone is an appendage as in is gone,
    has gone etc. brings into discussion the aspect that
    in English all tenses, Past, Present, Future have four
    sub-types, such as Present Simple, Present
    Continuous, Present Perfect and Present Perfect
    Continuous. Now that we are discussing Past Tense,
    question arises about Sanskrit equivalents of Past
    Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect and Past
    Perfect Continuous.
    Table 9-2
    Sanskrit equivalents of Past Simple, Past
    Continuous,
    Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous
    No. Type of Past Tense Example in English Sansk



    1 Past Simple He went

    2 Past Continuous He was going

    3 Past Perfect He had gone

    4 Past Perfect Continuous He had been going

    As can be seen the four types of Past Tense still do


    not cover the Past Tense as in

    Actually there is a fundamental conceptual
    difference in Sanskrit connotation of types of Past
    Tense. This is one reason why my attempt at giving
    Sanskrit-equivalents for Types 2 and 4 in above
    table led me to coin them identical.

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