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Assignment Experimental Method

The document provides guidance on graphical presentations in engineering reports, including using graphs to show trends in experimental data, schematics of experimental apparatuses, and formats for presentation. It also discusses styles, legends, gridlines, and 3D charts for graphs, as well as cosmetics, tabular matter, and miscellaneous helpful hints for report writing such as defining symbols and writing for the intended audience. The overall focus is on effective visualization techniques and clear communication in technical reports.

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zulfan allif
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55 views

Assignment Experimental Method

The document provides guidance on graphical presentations in engineering reports, including using graphs to show trends in experimental data, schematics of experimental apparatuses, and formats for presentation. It also discusses styles, legends, gridlines, and 3D charts for graphs, as well as cosmetics, tabular matter, and miscellaneous helpful hints for report writing such as defining symbols and writing for the intended audience. The overall focus is on effective visualization techniques and clear communication in technical reports.

Uploaded by

zulfan allif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

NAME : MUHAMAD ZULFAN ALLIF BIN MOHAMAD PAUZI


MUHAMAD AKMAL HAZIQ BIN ROSLAN

SUMMARY ON 15.5 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONS


A simple plot of raw data ,a statistical distribution data ,correlation data ,comparison of
experimental data with analytical predictions are some form in the most engineering report .A
good report use the following graphic ,
1.general curves or trends
2.detailed plots of experiment data
3.Accurate graph for calculation purposes
4.schematic diagram
5.scale diagram for experimental apparatus .
6.graph should be in format to be used for presentation

Next will be summary about , STYLE ,LEGENDS FOR GRAPHS , GRIDLINES AND SCALE
MARKINGS ,3D CHARTS ,COSMETICS ,TABULAR MATTER

STYLE-.1.Label the graph -all coordinates are labelled consistently


2.graph numerical values of variables- has scale markings , units (dont mixed English
and SI units). It is not necessary to enter dimensionless
3.Recognition size of graph -due to space limitation .If any reduction is anticipated
,sizeof the label and unit specification on graph must be increased so that they will be legible in
their eventual format .Do not use some graphical display with exceptional visual , this affect in
information transfer process.
4.Graph is to convey information
5. G & A graph (General and Admirals) -broad-brush ,never loaded with a lot of data
points or complicated mathematical expressions.
LEGENDS FOR GRAPHS
1) Placed the legends for the curve directly on the graph itself.
2) Labelled the curves with number and letter (defined them in the figure title)
3) Give definitions and explanations in the body of text material.

GRIDLINES AND SCALE MARKINGS


For journal article orconference the figured may be reduced in size and inclusion of the
gridlines may clutter the display .To retain the sense of the logarithmic scales ,tick marks are
placed on the coordinate axes to indicate the minor scale divisions .The ticks marks could be
also displaced on the outside of the axes or across the axes , but the inside position is usually
preferred when gridlines are omitted from the chart . A graph should not be cluttered with
excessive gridlines and scale markings unless they contribute to the presentation.For formal
papers, there is an interaction between the amount of information contained on a graph and
the need for gridlines. Calculated points are presented on the chart, with labels to the right of
the body of the chart. Inclusion of all the gridlines does not distract from the presentation at all,
and affords the reader some ease in reading numerical values from the chart.

3D CHART
Some writer choose 3D charts for presentation of experimental or calculated variables .For
example ,subject to conjecture .Some of the labels have purposely been left off the charts to
avoid cluttering already complex graphics. What is accomplished here? The reader will have
to answer this question for himself or herself. The answer depends on the objectives
of the report or presentation, and also on the space visualization capabilities of the
reader. The availability of computer graphics makes 3-D presentations very easy to
execute. Sometimes a 3-D presentation will add to understanding, sometimes not.
COSMETICS

Variation of color, shadings and fill, textures, and the like can be accomplished with the click of
a button. For the most part, such cosmetics are unnecessary, except for G & A charts.
When cosmetics are added, they should be executed with discretion. The display of the
damping effects is somewhat obscured by this addition, but not in an objectionable manner.
One must be careful not to do too much. The present writer has seen some displays flashed at
oral technical presentations that were so doctored with cosmetics that they would mimic
modern abstract art. And there was perhaps an analogous amount of information transfer as
well.

TABULAR MATTER
General rules for table :

1. Give the table a number and title. This information is usually placed at the top of
the table.
2. The name of a variable listed in the table may or may not be necessary. Sometimes
a symbol is satisfactory if the variable is easily recognized (like viscosity, density,
etc.). On the other hand, the units for the variables listed should always be given
in a format which is consistent with that used in the body of the report.
3. When numbers less than unity are presented, they should always be preceded by
a zero and a decimal point; that is, the number 0.3432 should not be listed as
.3432.
4. Tables used in a report may not be suitable for a presentation because of the
small type size. If there is sufficient time, they should be redone in a large type.
In general, complicated tables should be avoided in oral presentations. If the
table involves so much information that the type size will be too small to read,
the table should be omitted from the presentation. If the audience cant read the
visual, dont present it. When tabular material is important, compromise is in
order. Prepare an abbreviated summary table in larger type size for the visual.
See the comments offered above regarding label sizes for graphs.

15.6 MISCELLANEOUS HELPFUL HINTS


1)Give attention to the audience for which the report is written .
2)Set up a list of symbols (before starting to write) .Use that symbols consistently .Be
particularly careful about switching between uppercase and lowercase letters for the same
variable.
3)Follow the practice used in the standard textbooks or technical journals in the field .Do not go
off and invent new symbols which make it hard for the reader to understand .
4) Once writing is started, write the report as if you had to make it correct on the first
draft. Take your time. This will pay off later. Avoid the procedure followed by some persons of
assembling a draft consisting of notes or comments in the form of incomplete sentences. You
will just have to go back and rewrite the whole thing and must still go through
a correction stage.
5) Be kind to the typist or computer operator.The writer types the text on a computer, while
leaving blanks for insertion of handwritten equations that involve Greek or math
symbols. The writer should be careful with handwriting so there is no confusion
between English and Greek symbols.

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