Flowchart Bitloading Ofdm
Flowchart Bitloading Ofdm
Flowchart Bitloading Ofdm
2, April 2013
SNR i
b i log 2 1 (6)
IV. ADAPTIVE LOADING PRINCIPLES gap
There are two types of link adaptation algorithms- those
that try to improve data rate and those that try to enhance 3) Round the value of b i down to b i
performance at a given fixed data rate [7]. 4) Restricts b i to take values 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8
Rate adaptive loading criterion: A rate- adaptive loading (corresponding to available modulation order)
procedure increase the number of bits per symbols subject to 5) Compute the energy for the ith sub channel based on the
fixed energy constraint: number of bits initially assigned to it using the formula:
e i (b i ) (2b i 1) / gap i (7)
1N
g
max b log 2 1 n n (1)
n 1 2 6) Form a table of energy increments for each sub channel.
For the ith sub channel
N
Subjected to: N n n (2) e i (b) e i (b) e i (b 1) 2b1 / gap i (8)
n 1
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International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2013
Set
n 1
While
btotal bt arg et
1
(11)
If
btotal bt arg et (12)
0.5
m arg min1i N {e i (b i )}
5
(17)
4
bn bn (18)
3
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1 channel index
subchannel gain
(c)
Fig. 2. An example of discrete bit and energy allocation
0.5
As the instantaneous channel state information is
necessary at the both i.e., the transmitter and the receiver to
implement the adaptive bit and power loading algorithms,
perfect channel knowledge is assumed throughout the
simulation. The configurations considered are for OFDM
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 system with 64 subcarriers, 64 OFDM symbol time periods,
channel index
(a) and 16 symbol periods for guard time. The parameters were
An example of implementing these two algorithms is held constant throughout the simulation. M-PSK adaptive
indicated in Fig. 2. This figure indicates the typical channel modulation for each subcarrier is used. The usable
frequency response, the discrete bit allocation to each modulation modes are: 2PSK, 4PSK, 16 PSK, 64 PSK and
subcarrier, and the corresponding energy on each subcarrier. 256 PSK.
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International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2013
-2
10
-3
10
and communication engineering from Kumaon
Engineering College Dwarhat, India in the year 2008.
He did his M.Tech in electronics and communication
10
-4
engineering from National Institute of Technology
Jalandhar, India in the year 2012. His research interests
include orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
-5
technique and cognitive radio technology.
10 Adaptive MPSK
Adaptive MPSK with Gray Coding
Adaptive M-PSK with TCM
N. Sood received the B.Tech. degree (with Honour) in
10
-6
1 2 3
Electronics and Communication from Sant Longowal
10 10 10 Institute of Engineering and Technology, India 2000.
Eb/No
In year Jan. 2002, she completed her M.Eng. Degree
Fig. 3. Comparison of Adaptive SISO-OFDM system for different coding
(With Honour) in Electronics and Communication
schemes
from Thapar University, Patiala, India. From year
2002 to 2007, she worked with DAV institute of
BER V/S Eb/No for MIMO-OFDM system under frequency selective rayleigh fading channel
0
10 Engineering and Technology, Jalandhar and Guru
Nanak Dev University (Regional Campus),
Jalandhar.Currently, she is working as Assistant Professor at Dr. B R
Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalanadhar and working
-1
10 towards her PhD degree. Her current research includes the simulation of
wireless systems based on OFDM and simulation of fading channels.
-2
10
BER
-3
10
-4
10
-5
10 Adaptive MPSK
Adaptive MPSK with Gray Coding
Adaptive M-PSK with TCM
-6
10
0 1 2 3
10 10 10 10
Eb/No
Fig. 4. Comparison of Adaptive MIMO-OFDM system for different coding
schemes
163