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Busbar Differential Protection

Differential protection schemes compare the current entering and leaving a bus bar. If the sums are not equal, it indicates an internal fault. Current transformers on each incoming and outgoing feeder have their secondaries connected in parallel to the relay coil. Any difference in current flows through the coil, triggering breakers if a fault is detected within the protected zone. Voltage differential protection uses linear couplers without iron cores to induce voltages in their secondaries, which are connected in series to a differential relay coil. An internal fault causes the induced voltages to sum and produce current through the coil, with high sensitivity despite a small differential voltage.

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225 views

Busbar Differential Protection

Differential protection schemes compare the current entering and leaving a bus bar. If the sums are not equal, it indicates an internal fault. Current transformers on each incoming and outgoing feeder have their secondaries connected in parallel to the relay coil. Any difference in current flows through the coil, triggering breakers if a fault is detected within the protected zone. Voltage differential protection uses linear couplers without iron cores to induce voltages in their secondaries, which are connected in series to a differential relay coil. An internal fault causes the induced voltages to sum and produce current through the coil, with high sensitivity despite a small differential voltage.

Uploaded by

nomy158
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differential Over Current Protection

Current Differential Protection

The protection schemes are based on the simple circulating current principle that under normal
operating or external fault condition the sum of current entering into a bus-bar will be equal to
the sum of current leaving the bus-bar. If the sum of current is not zero, then it is because of
short circuit current. Hence this type of scheme applies to both types of faults, i.e., phase-to-
phase fault as well as ground fault.

Schematic diagram of bus differential protection relay is shown in the figure below. The current
transformers are inserted in each phase of the incoming and outgoing feeders of the bus bars.
The secondaries of current transformers are connected in parallel with due considerations to
polarity and phase.

The relay operating coil is connected to the pilot wire in such a way that the summation current
of secondaries flows through it. The Flow of current in the relay is an indication of a fault within
the protected zone and will initiate the opening of the breakers of each generator and feeders.

The main drawback of this scheme is that there is the difference in the magnetic conditions of
the iron cored current transformer, which may cause false operation of the relay time of an
external fault.

Voltage Differential Protection Relay

In this schemes, CTS without iron cores, known as linear couplers is employed so that they have
a much larger number of secondary turns that a core iron CT. The secondary relay of CTs is
connected in series and the differential relay coil connected across them as shown in the figure.
Under Normal operating condition or external fault conditions the sum of voltage induces in the
secondary windings is zero in the event of an internal fault on the bus bar, the voltage of the CTs
in all source circuits adds to cause the flow of current through the secondary windings and the
differential relay operating coil. This scheme provides high schemes, protection for a relatively
small net voltage in the differential current.

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