GRAMMAR

UNIT 4

1 Use the information to write full sentences with the first conditional.

1 If I _____________ enough money, I _______________________ Portugal this summer. (have / go)

2 Unless you _____________ us directions, we ___________________________ where you are. (give / not know)

3 If they _____________ hard, they _____________ all their exams. (work / pass)

4 Unless I _____________ enough time, I ___________________________ another language. (have / not learn)

5 If you _________________________ sorry, she _________________________ to you. (not say / not talk)

6 Unless she _____________ to him, she _________________________ how he feels. (speak / not know)

7 If you _____________ me at my car, I _____________ you a lift. (meet / give)

8 Unless we _____________ them, they _________________________to the concert. (ask / not come)

2 Complete the sentences with the correct second conditional form of the verbs in brackets.

1 If she lived closer to the town centre, she ______________________________ (meet up) with her friends more often.

2 If I had a pet, I ______________________________ (look after) it very well.

3 What would you do if you ______________________________ (win) a million pounds?

4 If I were you, I ______________________________ (discuss) the situation with him.

5 What would you do if you ______________________________ (hear) two of your friends arguing?

6 If I ______________________________ (have) more friends, Id invite them to my birthday party.

7 If I ______________________________ (go) to Japan, Id notice how differently the people there communicate.

8 If everyone smiled more often, the world ______________________________ (be) a much happier place.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct third conditional form of the verbs in the box.

go have not be see tell not lose understand meet

1 If I ______________________________ him the truth, he would have forgiven me.

2 If you had caught the bus, you ______________________________ late for dinner.

3 If he hadnt been so busy, he ______________________________ out last night.

4 She ______________________________ more people if she had stayed at the party.

5 If I ______________________________ enough money, I would have bought pizza for everyone!

6 If he had listened more carefully, he ______________________________ the issue.

7 You would have liked the film if you ______________________________ it with us.

8 I would have contacted you if I ______________________________ your number.

4 Circle the correct words.

1 Maybe / Probably well see them tomorrow. 4 He probably / perhaps didnt hear you.

2 If you met her, youd perhaps / definitely like her. 5 I definitely / maybe wouldnt trust him.

3 Before going out, definitely / perhaps Ill make tea. 6 Perhaps / Probably she misunderstood you.

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UNIT 5

1 Complete the sentences with the present simple passive form of the verbs in brackets.

1 Class prizes ______________________________ (give) for the most innovative ideas.

2 The best invention ______________________________ (feature) in the school magazine

3 In Europe, driverless cars ______________________________ (not see) on the roads yet.

4 A major science exhibition ______________________________ (hold) in London.

5 Most of the worlds top innovations ______________________________ (develop) in Asia.

6 Millions of e-readers ______________________________ (sell) all over the world every year.

2 Complete the sentences with the past simple passive form of the verbs in the box.

develop find combine blame invent build

1 Satellite broadband ______________________________ to be unsuitable for many people.

2 The first space station ______________________________ in 1971.

3 Signal failures ______________________________ for the high-speed train crash.

4 The first driverless cars ______________________________ in the United States.

5 The first bioplastics ______________________________ 30 years ago.

6 3D printing ______________________________ with CT scanning to recreate fossils.

3 Use the words to make sentences with the future passive.

1 Space tourism debate next week_______________________________________________________________________

2 Flexible smartphones sell from next year_________________________________________________________________

3 Desalinated water make widely available soon__________________________________________________________

4 New inventions describe in this presentation_________________________________________________________________

5 E-readers use in most schools____________________________________________________________

6 The next Science Fair hold in Canada___________________________________________________________________

4 Circle the correct active or passive form of the verbs.

Not everyone (1) agrees / is agree that desalinated water is a good innovation. In this process, salt (2) removes / is
removed from sea water to create fresh water, which is needed in regions that do not get much rainfall. Desalinated
water (3) is used / uses in countries like Australia and Israel, but it is very expensive to produce. A major criticism is that
desalinating water (4) is required / requires too much energy. Another is how much ocean life (5) is lost / lost in the
process. Experts (6) continue / are continued to work on improvements and alternatives.

5 Write questions in the passive for these answers.

1 When ________________________________________________________________? E-readers were invented in 1998.

2 In which countries _______________________________________________________________? Desalinated water is used in the

3 How often ________________________________________________________________? The Science Fair is held every year.

4 When ________________________________________________________________? Driverless cars will be released in the UK

5 What materials ________________________________________________________________? Smart materials are used to make

6 When ________________________________________________________________? The prizes were awarded last week.

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UNIT 6

1 Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

can cant have to

1 But he _____________ be from France. He doesnt speak French!

2 To protect your identity, you really _____________ shred old bank statements.

3 You _____________ use this wi-fi hotspot unless you have the password.

4 In order to open a bank account you _____________ bring photographic ID.

5 The printer in the library isnt working, but I _____________ print this at home.

2 Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

can must mustnt dont have to

1 That book _____________ be Susans. She loves reading novels.

2 You look exhausted! You _____________ be very tired after your long journey.

3 Look at all these shopping bags! He really _____________ enjoy spending sprees.

4 If you look carefully, maybe you _____________ see where they damaged the door.

5 Dont worry, we _____________ pay the bill right now. Its OK to pay it later.

3 Complete the sentences with could, had to, or didnt have to.

1 When my mother was sick, I _____________ take care of my younger brothers.

2 As soon as Mandy logged on, she _____________ tell there was something wrong with her computer.

3 His account was hacked, so he _____________ change his password.

4 Thanks so much for the flowers, but you really _____________ bring anything!

5 Our apartment in Paris was amazing. We _____________ easily see the Eiffel Tower from our balcony.

6 I already had an international driving licence so, luckily, I _____________ take another driving test.

7 Hes loved computers since he was a child. In fact, he _____________ write code when he was only five!

8 They didnt have enough money to pay their bills, so they _____________ take a loan from the bank.

9 There was a heavy snowstorm yesterday, so we _____________ go to school.

10 The trains werent running so we _____________ take the bus instead.

4 Circle the correct options.

1 She looks completely different. She cant / must be Amys sister.

2 If youre worried about getting a credit card, you might not / could check your credit rating first.

3 His name is on the letter in the inside pocket. This must / cant be Peters coat.

4 He looks very like the man in the police photo. He might / might not be the fraudster.

5 I cant access my bank account online. This might not / must be the wrong password.

6 They havent eaten anything since breakfast. They must / cant be hungry.

7 Thomas doesnt know how to set up his new phone. He might not / could ask for help at the store.

8 This looks like an honest email. It might not / must be a scam.

9 They dont speak a word of Spanish. They cant / must be from Argentina.

10 Ask my parents. I think they might / cant know the answer.

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Units 46

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use the information in italics to help you.

1 If you dont listen to me, you ____________ (not understand). [first conditional]

2 If he ____________ (live) in London, he would earn more money. [second conditional]

3 If you had arrived on time, you would have ____________ (see) the beginning of the film. [third

conditional]

4 If the concert ____________ (not finish) soon, well miss the last train home. [first conditional]

5 If I had the money, I ____________ (visit) my cousin in New York. [second conditional]

6 If I ____________ (know) how important it was, I would have come earlier. [third conditional]

2 Circle the correct words.

1 Theres no doubt; people would definitely / maybe be happier if they didnt worry so much.

2 Maybe / Definitely youd enjoy yourself if you spoke to more people at the party.

3 Now that Ive seen the film, perhaps / probably Ill read the book too.

4 Im not sure, but I think itd probably / definitely be better if you asked him yourself.

3 Circle the correct words or phrases.

1 New gadgets are invented by this team ________. a) yesterday b) every day

2 ________, a grant was awarded to this scientist for her research. a) Next year b) Last year

3 Will they release a new model ________? a) next month b) last month

4 ________, driverless cars arent sold in the UK. a) Last week b) Right now

5 Were flexible smartphones invented ________? a) three years ago b) next year

6 Another announcement will be made ________. a) tomorrow b) two weeks ago

4 Circle the correct form of the verbs.

High-speed trains (1) developed / were developed by the Japanese and first used in Japan in the 1960s. Since then,
several other countries (2) have introduced / introduce high-speed trains to their rail networks too. Typically, these trains
(3) are used / used by passengers who are travelling between major cities, but they are also useful for transporting
goods. For example, mail (4) is transported / transporting on high-speed trains for the postal service in France.

5 Circle the correct modals.

1 When you want to know how much data youve used, you can / had to check it here.

2 Andy could / can write computer code when he was only 11.

3 We have to / had to do a project on phishing scams last week. I learned a lot!

4 You mustnt / must tell anyone your password; its very important to keep it private.

5 If you want to use this website, you didnt have to / have to register first.

6 We can / dont have to rush for the train because theres another one in 10 minutes.

6 Match 14 with ad to complete the deductions.

1 Were not sure why its not working; a) his is much bigger. ___

2 I dont recognise this email address; b) there could be a problem with the battery. ___

3 That jacket cant be Richards; c) she must have been on a shopping spree ___

4 Look at all the shopping bags Jessie has d) I think it might be junk mail. ___