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Notes 02 - First Order Systems

This document discusses first order systems and modeling cabin temperature. It shows that the rate of change of temperature is proportional to the difference between the atmospheric and object temperatures, following Newton's Law of Cooling. This can be modeled as a first order differential equation. The lecture also covers solving such differential equations using Laplace transforms, determining the time constant and gain, and modeling the system in Simulink. Directed learning problems are also assigned.

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66 views2 pages

Notes 02 - First Order Systems

This document discusses first order systems and modeling cabin temperature. It shows that the rate of change of temperature is proportional to the difference between the atmospheric and object temperatures, following Newton's Law of Cooling. This can be modeled as a first order differential equation. The lecture also covers solving such differential equations using Laplace transforms, determining the time constant and gain, and modeling the system in Simulink. Directed learning problems are also assigned.

Uploaded by

Man Ja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Acquisition & Control Systems

DAG Lecture 2 First Order Systems

Modelling Cabin Temperature


First Order Systems
Newton's Law of Cooling:
dy The rate of change of temperature is proportional to the
T + y = Ku difference in temperature between atmospheric
dt temperature and the object

y is the output (sometimes written y(t) ) d


= k( a )
u is the input (sometimes written u(t)) dt
T is called the TIME CONSTANT (seconds)
K is called the GAIN (units depend on application) Assumptions
(0 ) = 2 0 C
a ( t ) = 1 0 C

Solution of ODEs using Laplace Step 1 - transformation


Transforms d
= k ( a )
dt
TRANSFORMATION
Transform using Laplace Transform Tables
MANIPULATION s ( s ) ( 0 ) = k [ ( s ) a ( s )]
Y(s) = ?
INVERSE TRANSFORMATION s ( s ) 20 = k [ ( s ) a ( s )]
Partial Fractions to make Y(s) the sum of standard
s ( s ) 20 = k ( s )
Laplace Transforms. Hence find y(t) from Laplace 10
Transform Tables s

Step 2 - Manipulation Step 3 inverse transform

s ( s ) 20 = k ( s )
10 10k 20
(s ) = +
s s(s + k) (s + k)
10k 10k
s ( s ) 20 = k ( s ) + 1 20
s ( t ) = L1 + L (s + k)
s(s + k)
10k
s ( s ) + k ( s ) = + 20
s 10k
( t ) = L 1 + 20e
kt

10k s(s + k)
(s + k) ( s ) = + 20
s
10k 20
(s ) = +
s(s + k) (s + k)

D.A.Germany - School of Engineering & Technology


Data Acquisition & Control Systems
DAG Lecture 2 First Order Systems

Partial Fractions
10k A B
= +
s(s + k) s ( s + k ) ( t ) = 10 + 10e kt

(t)

20

10

0
0 t

Simulink Solution Modelling Cabin Temperature


dy dy 1 d
T + y = Ku = ( Ku y ) = k( a ) where is the output, y,
dt dt T dt and a is the input, u.

We need to rearrange this into standard form.


d 1 d
dy + k = ka + = a
dt k dt
u + dt y
1
K By inspection with the standard form we can see that;
T
-

Modelling Cabin Temperature Summary of Lecture 2


Standard form for a first order differential equation is
(0) = 20C dy
a (t) = 10 C T + y = Ku
dt
If Gain (K) and Time Constant (T) are known the standard
response for a first order system may be used
y ( t ) = K 1 e u
t
T


Assume
T = 3600sec (1 hour)
(i.e. Thermal constant k = 0.00028s-1) Directed Independent Learning for this week:
Problems 2 - Q1 and Q2

D.A.Germany - School of Engineering & Technology

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