()Civil Code

Art1. This Act shall be known as the "Civil Code of the Philippines." (n)

Art2. Laws shall take _______ after ________ days following the _________
of their _______ either in the _________ ________, or in a _________ of
__________ circulation in the ________, unless it is _______ provided.

Art3. __________ of the law __________ no one from ________ therewith.

Art4. Laws shall have no _________ effect, ______ the ________ is provided.

Art5. _______ executed against the __________ of _________ or __________

laws shall be _______, except when the _______ itself _______ their
validity.

Art6. _________ may be waived, unless the ________ is contrary to law,

_________, _________, morals, or _______ ________ or ________ to a third
person with a ________ recognized by _______.

Art7. Laws are __________ only by ____________ ones, and their

__________ or __________ shall not be ________ by_________, or custom or
________ to the contrary.

When the ________ ________ a law to be __________ with the ________, the
former shall be ________ and the latter shall _________.
Administrative or _______ acts, orders and _______ shall be _______ only
when they are _____ _______ to the ______ or the ___________.

Art8. __________ decisions ________ or ________ the laws or the

__________ shall form a ______ of the _______ _______ of the Philippines.

Art9. No ________or ______ shall _______ to render _______ by reason of

the _______, ______ or _______ of the _________.

Art 10. In case of _______ in the_________ or ________ of laws, it is

________ that the ________ ______ intended _______ and _______ to prevail.

Art11. _______ which are contrary to _______, public order or _________

shall not be ________.

Art 12. A _______ must be ________ as a ______, according to the ______of

______.

Art13. When the laws _______ of years, months, days or nights, it shall
be _________ that years are of ___________ days ______; months of
_________days; days of _______ hours; and nights, from _______ to
__________.

If _______ are _______by their _______, they ____ be ______ by the _____ of
days which they ________ have.
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In ______ a period, the ________day shall be _______, and the ________
day _______.
Art14. ________ laws and those of _______ security and ________ shall be
_______ upon all who ______ or _______: in Philippine _______, subject to
the ___________ of public ________ law and to ______ _________.

Art15. Laws _______ to ______ ______ and duties, or to the _______, ______
and _______capacity of persons are ________ upon ________ of the Phil,
even though ________ _________.

Art16. ________ property as well as _______ property is ______ to the

______ of the ______ where it is _______.
However, _______ and ________ successions, _______ with respect to the
_______ of _______ and to the ______ of _______ rights and to the _______
_______ of ________ provisions, shall be ________ by the ________ law of
the______ whose ______ is under _______, whatever may be the _______ of
the _______ and _______ of the ______ wherein said property may be
________.

Art17. The ______ and ________ of contracts, wills and other _______
_______shall be ______by the _____ of the ______ in which they are
________.

When the ______referred to are _________before the ______ or _______

officials of the R. P. in a ______ country, the ______ ________ by Phil laws
shall be_______ in their _________.

________ laws concerning ________, their _______ or _______, and those

which have for their _______ public order, _______ _______ and ______
_______ shall not be _________ ___________ by laws or _______
promulgated, or by ______ or _______ agreed upon in a _______ country.

Art18. In matters which are ______by the Code of _______ and ________
laws, their ________ shall be ______by the ___________ of this Code.

Art19. Every person _______, in the ______ of his ______ and in the
_______of his_______, act with ______, give everyone his _______, and
observe _______ and ___________.

Art20. Every _______ who, contra r y to _______, ________ or ________

causes ______ to another, shall _______ the latter for the _______.

Art21. ________ person who __________ causes ______ or _______ to

another in a _______ that is ______ to________, good customs or _______
_________ shall _______ the latter for the _________.

Art22. _______person who through an ______ of ___________ by another,

or any _______ means, _______ or comes into _______ of something at the
_______of the ________ without ______ or _______ ________, shall ______
the same to him.
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Art23. Even when an ____ or ________ causing _______ to another's

_________was _____ ______ to the ________ or ________ of the _________,
the latter shall be_______ for _______ if through the act or event he was
_________.

Art24. In all ______, property or other __________, when one of the

________ is at a _________ on account of ________ _______, __________,
_________, mental weakness, _____ _____ or other ________, the _______
must be ______ for his _________.

Art25. Thoughtless ______ in _______ for _______ or _______ during a

period of ______ public want or ______ may be ______ by order of the
________ at the _______of any ______or ________ charitable ___________.

Art. 26. Every _____ shall ________ the dignity, _____, privacy and _____
of ____ of his ________ and other persons. The following and ____ acts,
though they may not _______ a _______ offense, shall produce a _____ of
action for _______, prevention and other ________;
_______ into the privacy of another's _____;

Meddling with or _________ the private life or family relations of another;

______to cause another to be _________ from his friends;
_________ or humiliating another on account of his __________ beliefs,
lowly station in life, place of birth, ______ ________, or other personal
condition.

Art. 27. Any person _____ material or ________ loss because a ______
servant or employee _______ or neglects, without _______ cause, to
perform his official duty may file an action for _______ and other relief
against the ________, without ________ to any disciplinary administrative
action that may be taken.

Art. 28. _______ competition in agricultural, commercial or _________

enterprises or in _________ through the use of _____, intimidation, deceit,
_______ or any other unjust, oppressive or ________ method shall give
rise to a right of action by the ______ who thereby suffers damage.

Art.29. When the ______ in a criminal prosecution is ________ on the

ground that his _______ has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt,
a ________ action for damages for the same act or ______ may be
instituted. Such action requires only a _____________ of evidence. Upon
motion of the defendant, the court may require the plaintiff to file a
_____ to answer for damages in case the complaint should be found to
be ______.

If in ______ case the judgment of acquittal is based upon

reasonable ______, the court shall so declare. In the ______ of any
declaration to that effect, it may be ______ from the text of the decision
whether or not the acquittal is due to that ground.
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Art. 30. When a _______ _______ action is brought to demand civil ______
arising from criminal offense, and no criminal proceedings are
instituted _______ the pendency of the civil case, a ________of evidence
shall likewise be ________ to prove the act complained of.

Art.31. When the civil action is based on an ________ not arising from
the act or ______ complained as a ______, such civil action may proceed
independently of the ________ proceedings and ______ of the result of the
latter.

Art.32. Any public officer or employee, or any ______ individual, who

directly or indirectly ________, defeats, violates or in any manner ______
or impairs any of the following _____ and _______ of another person shall
be liable to the latter for damages:

Freedom of _____;
Freedom of _____;
Freedom to ______ for the press or to maintain a _____ publication;
Freedom from ______ or illegal detention;
Freedom of ______;
The right against _____ of property without _____ process of law;
The right to a ____ compensation when private property is taken for
public use;
The right to the equal _____ of the laws;
The right to be ____ in one's person, house, papers, and effects against
______ searches and seizures;
The _____ of abode and changing the same;
The privacy of ____ and correspondence;
The right to become a member of ____ or societies for purposes not ____
to law;
The right to take part in ______ assembly to petition the Government for
redress of ______;
The right to be ____ from involuntary ____ in any form;
The right of the accused against excessive ______;
The right of the accused to be _____ by himself and counsel, to be
informed of the _____ and cause of accusation against him, to have a
_____ and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have
______ process to secure the attendance of witness on his behalf;
Freedom from being ______ to be a witness against ______ self, or from
being ______ to confess guilt, or from being induced by a promise of
_______ or reward to make such confession, except when the person
confessing becomes a _____ witness;
Freedom from _____ fines, or cruel and unusual _______, unless the
same is ________ or _________ in accordance with a ______ which has not
been _______ declared _______; and
Freedom of _____ to the courts.

In any of the cases referred to in this article, whether or not the

defendant's act or omission constitutes a _____ offense, the _________
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party has a right to _______ an entirely _______ and distinct civil action
for damages, and for other relief. Such civil action shall proceed _______
of any criminal prosecution (if the latter be instituted) and may be
proved by a ________ of evidence.

The _______ shall include _______ damages. _______ damages may also
be adjudicated.
The _________ herein set forth is not ______ from a judge unless
his act or omission constitutes a violation of the ______ Code or any
other penal statute.

Art. 33. In cases of defamation, ______, and physical injuries, a ____

action for damages, entirely separate and _______ from the _______
action, may be brought by the injured party. Such civil action shall
proceed _______ of the criminal _______, and shall require only a _______
of evidence.

Art.34. When a member of a city or _______ police force refuses or

_______ to render aid or _______ to any person in case of _______ to life or
property, such peace officer shall be _______ liable for damages, and the
city or municipality shall be _______ responsible therfor. The civil action
herein _______ shall be independent of any criminal _______ , and a
preponderance of _______ shall _______ to ________ such action.

Art.35. When a person, claiming to be injured by a _______ offense,

charges another with the same, for which no _________ civil action is
granted in this _______ or any special law, but the _______ of peace finds
no reasonable _________to believe that a _______ has been committed, or
the _______ attorney refuses or fails to _______ criminal proceedings, the
_____ ____ may bring a civil action for damages against the _______
offender. Such civil action may be _______ by a preponderance of
evidence. Upon the defendant's _______ , the court may require the
_______ to file a bond to _______ the defendant in case the complaint
should be found to be _______ .

If during the _______ of the civil action, an _______ should be presented

by the prosecuting attorney, the civil action shall be _______ until the
_______ of the criminal proceedings.

Art.36. _______ questions, which must be _______ before any criminal

_________ may be instituted or may proceed, shall be _______ by rules of
_______ which the Supreme Court shall _______ and which shall not be
in _______ with the provisions of this _______ .

Art.37. _______ capacity, which is the _______ to be the subject of legal

relations, is _______ in every _______ person and is lost only through
_______ . Capacity to act, which is the _______ to do acts with legal
_______ , is _______ and may be _______ .

Art.38. Minority, insanity or _______ , the state of being a _______ ,

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prodigality and civil _______ are mere _______ on _______ to act, and do
not exempt the _______ person from certain _______ , as when the latter
arise from his acts or from _______ relations, such as _______ .

Art.39. The following circumstances, among others, _______ or limit

capacity to act: _______, insanity, imbecility, the state of being a deaf-
mute, _______ ,prodigality, _______ relations, alienage, absence, _______
and trusteeship. The consequences of these circumstances are governed
in this Code, other codes, Rules of Court, and in _______ laws. Capacity
to act is not _______ on account of religious belief or _______ opinion.
A married _______ , _______ years of age or over, is _______ for all
acts of civil life, except in cases specified by law.

Art.40. Birth _______ personality*; but the _________child shall be

considered _______ for all purposes that are _______ to it, provided, it be
_______ later with the conditions specified in the _______ article.

Art.41. For _________ purposes, the _______ is considered born if it is

_______ at the time it is _______ delivered from the mother's womb.
However, if the fetus had an _______ life of less than _______ months, it
is not deemed born if it dies within_______ hours after its complete
_______ from the _______ womb.

Art.42. Civil _______ is _______ by death. The effect of _______ upon the
rights and _______ of the deceased is _______ by law, by contract and by
_______ .

Art.43. If there is a _______ , as between two or more persons who are

called to _______ each other, as to which of them _______ first, whoever
alleges the death of one _______ to the other, shall _______ the same; in
the absence of _______ , it is _______ that they died at the same time and
there shall be no _______ of rights from one to another.

Art.44. The following are _______ persons:

the _______ and its political_______ ;
other _______ ,institutions and entities for _______ interest or purpose,
_______ by law; their _______ begins as soon as they have been
_______according to law;
corporations, _______ and associations for _______ interest or purpose to
which the law grants a _______ personality, _______ and distinct from
that of each _______ ,partner or member.

Art.45. Juridical persons mentioned in Nos. ___and___ of the preceding

article are _______ by the laws creating or _______ them.

_______ corporations are _________ by laws of _______ application on the

subject.

Partnerships and _______ for _______ interest or purpose are governed by

the _________ of this Code concerning _______ .
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Art.46. _______ persons may acquire and _______ property of all kinds,
as well as _______ obligations and _________ civil or ciminal actions, in
_________ with the laws and _______ of their _________.

Art.47. Upon the _______ of corporations, institutions and other entities

for _______ interest or purpose mentioned in No.2of Article 44, their
property and other assets shall be _______ of in pursuance of law or the
_________ creating them. If nothing has been _________ on this point, the
property and other _______ shall be _________ to similar purposes for the
_______ of the region, province, city or _______ which during the
_________ of the institution derived the _________ benefits from the same.

Art. 48. The following are _______ of the Philippines:

Those who were _______ of the Philippines at the time of the _______ of
the _______ of the Philippines;
Those _______ in the Philippines of _______ parents who, _______ the
adoption of said Constitution, had been _______ to public office in the
Philippines;
Those whose _______ are citizens of the Philippines;
Those whose _______ are citizens of the Philippines and, upon reaching
the age of _______ , elect Philippine _______ ;
Those who are _______ in accordance with law.

Art.49. _______ and the loss and _______ of citizenship of the Philippines
are governed by _______ laws.

Art.50. For the _________ of civil _______ and the _________ of civil ______
_, the _______ of natural persons is the _______ of their _______ residence.

Art.51. When the law creating or _______them, or any other provision

does not _______ the domicile of _______ persons, the same shall be
_______ to be the place where their legal _______ is _________ or where
they exercise their _______ functions.

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