Amie CV404 Geotech

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S'05:4AN:CV404 (30)
GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Answer questions, taking ANY 1WO from Group A,

FIVE
ANY 1WO from Group B and AIL from Group C.
AU parts, ofa question (a, b, etc) should

be answered at one place.
Answer should be briefand to-the-point and be supplemented

with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers may
result in Joss ofmarks.
Any missing data or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving

proper justification.
Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate fuD marks.
Group A
1. (a) Define the following: 5
(i) Flow index
(ii) Toughness index
(iii) Liquidity index
(iv) Plasticity index
( v) Uniformity coefficient
( vi) Relative density.
(Tum Over)
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(b) For a soil, the following are given: G, = 267, ( b ) Compute the quantity of water seeping under a weir
3 per day for which the flow net has been satisfactorily
y soil= 17 6 kN /m and moisture content= 108%.
Determine constructed. The coefficient of permeability is
(i) Dry unit weight 2 x 10-2 mm/s, N,= 5, Nd= 18. The difference in
water level between upstream and downstream is
(ii) Void ratio 3 m. The length of weir is 60 m. 6
(iii) Porosity
(c) Define 'Critical hydraulic gradient' and explain how
(iv) Degree of saturation. 5 piping occurs ? 4
(c) Describe briefly Indian system of soil classification. (d) Define 'Permeability' and how would you determine
When would you use dual symbol for soils ? 5 it in the field? 4
(d) Threepointloads, lOOOOkN, 7500kN and 9000kN, 3. (a ) What are the three standard triaxial shear tests with
acts in a line 5 m apart near the surface of a soil mass.
respect to drainage condition ? Explain with reasons
Calculate the vertical stress at a depth 4 m vertically
the situation for which each test is to be preferred. 6
below the centre (7 500 kN) load. 5
2. (a ) Consider the upward flow of water through a layer (b) The effective stress parameters for a fully saturated
of sand in a tank as shown below. For the sand, the clay are known to be c' = 15kN/m2 and <p' =29. In
following are given: void ratio( e)= 052 and an unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test on a
Gs = 267. Calculate the total stress, pore water specimen of same clay the all round pressure was
pressure and effective stress at points A and B. 6
250kN/m2 and the principal stress difference at
failure was 134kN/m2 What was the value of pore
water water pressure in this specimen at failure? 8
level
( c) Explain briefly how total foundation settlement can
be estimated by stress path method ? 6
4. (a) Define 'pre-consolidation pressure'. In what way its

determination is important in soil engineering
practice? Describe a suitable procedure for
determining the pre-consolidation pressure. 6
4 AN: CV 404 {30) ( 2 ) (Continued) 4 AN: CV 404 (30) ( 3 J (Tum Over)
2
( b ) Representative samples of a layer of silty clay, 5 m Load

thick, were tested in a consolidometer and the intensity 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
following results were obtained : (kN/m 2
)
Settlement 20 40 75 110 163 235 34{) 450

Initial void ratio ( e 0 ) = 090, (mm)
Preconsolidation pressure ac== 120kN/m2 ,

Recompression index ( C r ) = 003,
(d) Discuss the limitations of plate load test. 4
Compression Index ( Cc) = 027
6. (a) Explain 'general shear failure' and 'local shear
Estimate the consolidation settlement if the present failure'. Differentiate between
average overburden pressure on the layer, o0 is
70 kN /m 2 and the increase in average pressure on the (i) gross and net bearing capacity,
layer is 80kN/m2 10 ( ii) safe bearing capacity and allowable soil pressure. 5
(c) Explain how instantaneous time-settlement curve for ( b ) Discuss various types of foundations and their
a foundation can be corrected to allow for the selection with respect to different situations. 5
construction period. 4
( c ) A rectangular footing, with a plan area of
GroupB 1-4mx20m is to be placed 2m below the ground
surface. The footing would be subjected to a load
S. (a ) Discuss briefly the various factors that help to decide inclined at 10 to the vertical. The subsoil is clayey,
the number and depth of bore holes required for sandy silt with saturated unit weight of 18 kN /m 3 , and
sub-soil exploration. 4 c' = 10kN/m2 and cp' = 30. Assuming the rate of
loading is such that drained condition prevailed,
(b) What is N-value of standard penetration test? compute the magnitude of load carrying capacity of
Discuss briefly the various corrections to be applied the footing if. the water table is at the base of the
to the observed N-value. 4 footing. Use IS: 6403-1981 recommendation and
assume factor of safety= 30. 10
(c) The following data was. obtained from a plate load
test carried out on a 60 em square test plate at a depth 7. (a) Explain how point bearing and skin friction can be
of 2m below the ground surface on a sandy soil which estimated from cyclic pile load test. 6
extends up to a large depth. Determine the settlement
of a foundation (3m x 3 m) carrying a load of 1100 kN (b) A 30 em square pile, 15m long is driven in a
and located at 2m below the ground surface. 8 deposit of medium dense sand (cp = 36, NY= 40
4 AN: CV 404 (30) ( 4 ) (Continued) 4 AN :CV 404 (30) ( 5 ) (Tum Over)
3
Groupe
and N 9 = 42). The unit weight of sand is 9. Answer aU questions of the following: 2x10
18kN/m3 . What is the allowable load assuming a
factor of safety of 3? Assume lateral earth pressure ( i) A 3m thick layer (double drainage) of saturated clay
coefficient is 06. 8 under surcharge loading underwent 90% primary
consolidation in 75 days. Find the coefficient of
( c ) Discuss how bearing capacity of weak soil can be
consolidation of clay for that pressure range. (Given
improved by preloading and vibro-compaction 7
6 T90 =0848)
8. ( a ) What are the design criteria to be satisfied for stability ( ii) In a variable head permeability test, the following data
of a gravity retaining wall? Indicate briefly how it can are given : The length of the specimen (L ) = 30 em,
be ensured. 5 cross-sectional area of specimen = 50 cm2 , cross
( b ) Differentiate critically between Rankine and -sectional area of stand pipe= 1 cm2 , the taken for
Coulomb earth pressure theories. 5 water level in stand pipe to drop from 60 em to 30 em
is 8 min. What is the permeability of soil?
( c) Details of a cantilever retaining wall are shown below.
Calculate the maximum and minimum pressures (iii) The moisture content of a saturated soil sample is
under the base if the water table rises behind the wall 40%. Assuming G s = 2 71, find the void ratio of the
to a level390m from the top of the wall. The shear soil.
strength parameters for the soil are: c' = 0 and
cp' = 38. The saturated unit weight of the soil is ( iv) A load of 1500 kN acts as a point load on the surface
20kN/m3 and above the water table the unit weight of a soil mass. Find the vertical stress at a point 3 m
is 17kN/m3 ; the unit weight of concrete is below and 4 m away from the line of action of load.
235kN/m3 If 6 = 25 on the base of the wall, what Use Boussinesq's approach.
is the factor of safety against sliding? 10
( v) In an unconfined compression test on a sandy clay
sample fail~d along a failure plane inclined at 53 the
horizon. Estimate the angle of internal friction (cp) of
3.9m the soil.
_W.T _ _ l 6.60m (vi) A clay has a compression index ( CJ of 020. If the
1
initial stress is I 00 kPa and the layer is 3 m thick,
estimate the ultimate settlement of the layer if the
stress is increased by 20 kPa. Assume initial void
ratio= 090.
4 AN: CV 404 (30) ( 7 ) (Tum Over)
4ANC"V4041JOI ( () l I r'nntinu>d l
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3. (a ) Define the terms :
values were 17% and 273 respectively. The specific
gravity of the wax was 089. Determine the bull ( i) Consolidation
density, void ratio and degree of saturation of the soil. 7
(c) In a constant head permeability test conducted on a ( ii) Coefficient of compressibility

medium silt, the following data was obtained :
Head maintained = 60 em (iii) Coefficient of volume compressibility
Diameter of the penneameter = 10 em
Thickness of the soil specimen = 10 em (iv) Compression index
Discharge collected in 250min = lOc.c
If a falling head test is conducted on the same sample ( v) Over-consolidated soil.
what time would be required for the head to fall from
60cm to 30cm in the stand pipe which has a ( b ) A saturated clay overlying an impervious stratum and
cross-section area of 125 cm2 ? 8 below a pervious stratum is 1Om thick. Its coefficient
of permeability is 33xl0- 8 cm/second Cc = 024. At
2. (a) What is quick sand? Obtain an expression for the
a stress of 100 Jd>a, its void ratio is 16 what would
critical hydraulic gradient. 4
be its equilibrium void ratio under a stress of 200 kPa ?
( b ) An elevated structure is supported on a tripod. The
What would be settlement in the soil stratum in view
legs are spaced 4 m apart and form the apexes of an
equilateral triangle. Compute the increase in the of the stress increase? What is coefficient of
vertical stress at a depth of 3m (i) beneath the point consolidation of the clay layer?. 8
of intersection of the angular bisector (ii) beneath
the centre of one of the sides of the triangle if each {c) Describe the procedure for determining the
one of the legs carries a concentrated load of coefficient of consolidation of a saturated clay by the
lOOOkN. 8
logarithm of time-fitting method. 6
( c) Compute the quantity of water seeping under the weir
per day if the coefficient of permeability is 4. {a } How are triaxial compression tests classified with
35 x 10-4cm;sec. no. of flow channels in the flow net respect to drainage conditions? Mention the field
is 3 and the number of equipotential drops is 10. The
head causing flow is 63m and the weir is 50m. situations under which each test is preferred. 6
Compute the exit gradient if the length of the last field
is 3m. 4 {b ) Explain the term critical void ratio with the help of
a sketch. 4
(d) Explain Mohr-Coulomb theory for shear strength of
soils. 4
4AN :CV 404 (1430) ( ~ l I Tum O>er)
4AN:CV 404 (,430) ( 2 ) (Continued)
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(c) The porosity of a sample of sand in the loose state ( mv) for the increment pressures from 1 to 2 kg/ cm 2
is 54% and in the dense state 38%. Find out the critical
and from 2 to 4 kg/cm 2 , respectively. 15
hydraulic gradient in both the states of soil, if the
specific gravity of soil is 2 60. What will be the saturate
Group B
densities of these soils. 5
( Q l What is meant by piping failures of earth dams? State 5. (a) What are the objectives of subsoil
with few examples. 5 explorations'? Enumerate them briefly. 5
.l. (a l An undrained triaxial compression strength was
conducted on clayey silt soils, and the following test (b) Draw a neat sketch of a split spoon sampler (as per
results are obtained. IS 9640: 1987). 5
I
:Specimen No. I 1 2 I 3 ! (c) Draw a test set up for conducting standard
I
44 I
56 I
. o 1 (kN/m 2 ) I 17 i
Minor principle stress penetration test (S.P.T) and delineate the test
:a, (kN/m2 ) [!57 204 i 225
I
Major principle stress procedure as carried out in the field and method of
u (Pore pressure I 12 20 22 ! Pore pressure I recording the data (as per IS 2131: 1 9 81 ). Describe
I
kN;mzJ the methodology of applying corrections to S.P.T.
values. 10
Determine the shear parameters considering effective
6. (a) A rectangular footing of size 3m x 6m is founded at
stresses. 5
a depth of 2m below G.L. in a dense sandy medium
( b l The following observations are recorded in a
of ~ = 3 5. The water table is at foundation level. The
consolidation test on a fully saturated specimen:
saturated density of sand is determined as 20 kN Jm 3 .
Initial height of specimen =20mm
Diameter of specimen =75mm Compute the bearing capacity of the stratum with
Specific gravity of clay =277 factor of safdy of 2. Apply necessary corrections to
Water content = 39%. shape and depth factors. All loads applied arc
Applied pressure i 0 :0 5 2 4 : X 0 symmetrical (as per IS 6403:1981 ). The values of
bearing capacity factors arc:
Final dial gauge '100 359 499 '632 '768 899 /60
N. =46 12
reading x 1 o- 2
(mm) i
N,, = 3330
i\1. = 48 03.
Plot "e-logp' curvc and find compression index
( C". ). Compute the coefficient compressibility Compute the bearing capacity of the footmg
(a,) and coefficient of volume compressibility foundation. 10
14
( b l Determine the safe bearing capacity of footing with Group C

a factor of safety of 2 using the following plate load
9. Answer all of the questions: l X 20
test data on a sandy soil.
Loading 1'"0 1100 1200 Joo ,400 jSOO

1
600 700 i ( j) A sample weighs 520 gm in wet condition with a
2
(kN/m ) i I ! : : I volume of2 70 ml.Upon drying its weight was 400 gm.
Settlements( 0 ! 12 i255i405 '575 185 I I 12 17 00 Sp.gr. G = 270. Find its dry density and degree of
' 1 , I
(mm) ! ! i l saturation.
I I 1
Size of plate 03mx03m, Width of footing, . (li). In a liquid limit test using 'Casagrande' apparatus 28
Br = l20m, Depth of foundation Dr= 150m. blows were required to close the gap at 0 moisture
No water table is encounted with. l0 content of 43%. Compute the 'liquid limit' value of
7; (a) List out various soil improvement techniques that are the soil using single pt. method. Use the power coeff.
generally used in Civil Eng's. Practice. Describe any as 012 for the empirical equation given in the IS code.
one method in detail. 10
(Iii) List out important field identification tests carried
(b) Draw a neat sketch of Casagrande type piezometer
out at site.
and explain its use in practical applications. 5
( r: l Compute the safe height for an embankment rising ( iv) Compute the critical hydraulic gradient of a soil if
at an angle of 6 8 to the horizontal and to be made G = 267 and void ratio is 10 1.
3
with a clayey soil having a unit wt. of 20kN/m and
( v) For all the permeability tests conducted, the values
~ = ! 7 and cohesion C = 20 kN 1m with a factor of
2
have to be reported at T= 2TC as periS code. State
safety of 250.
As per Taylor's stability chart, the stability number the relationship of the same.
N 5 =0!36.
( vi) There is an empirical formula to find out the
permeability of soils, rf effective diameter of the ~uil
8. (a) Describe briet1y the Rankine's and Coulomb's earth particles arc k.nown. State the same.
pressure theories. ]()
( VIi) In shear strength studies of soils, a term by 't1uw
( b l What is meant by earth press at rest'! How it 1s
determined ? 5 \a lUI.: is oft en used. Tb.is value is als(, used rn
estimating the coeff. of act I\ c and ra,sive earh

(c) Write short notes on mechanically reinforced earth
pre'i.sures. State the same.
walls. S
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16
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(c) Following observations were obtained from a liquid 3. ( a ) Compute the total, effective and pore pressure at a
limit test of a soil : depth of 15m below the bottom of a lake 6 m deep.
The bottom of the lake consists of 80ft clay with a
Number of Blows 10 20 30 40 thickness of more than 15m. The average ~ater
Water Content (%) 82 74 68 65 content of the clay is 40% and the specific gravity of
soils may be assumed to be 265. 8
Two tests for plastic limit were done which gave ( b ) A horizontal stratified soil deposit consists of three
values of 282 and 294, respectively. Plot the flow layers each uniform in itself. The permeabilities of
curve and determine the liquid limit, plasticity index three layers are 8 X 10- 4 cm/S; 52 X 10- 4 cm/s and
and flow index of the oil. 8 6 x 1o- 4 cm/s and their thicknesses are 7 m, 3m and
10m, respectively. Find the effective average
2. (a ) Describe briefly the wet analysis of soil using '
permeability of the deposit in horizontal and vertical
hydrometer. 5 directions. 5
.:(c) A uniformly distributed load of 200 kN/m2 is carried

(b) The dry unit weight of a sand sample.in the loosest
. . . by a raft foundation. The raft is 8 m wide, 12m long
state is,13:34kN/m3 and in the densiest state it is . and may be regarded as flexible. Determine the
' intensity of vertical pressure at a point 6 m deep
2119kN/m3 ~ Detemune the density index of this
.be1owthecentreoftheraft. UseBoussinesq equation. 7
.
sand when it has: a porosity
,\. .
of. 3 3%.. Assume the gram
:. '
4. (a ) Explain the principle of direct shear test. What are
specific gravity as 268. 5
; ... .,I,.
the advantages and limitations? 5
( c) Following data were obtained in a standard proctor (b) The following results were obtained from an
t: ,. .
compaction test on a soil sample: undrained triaxial test on a soil.
Cell Pressure (kN/m2 ) Additional Axial

.Water Content (%) 18 21 24 25
Stress at Failure (kN/m 2 )
Mass of Container and
Compacted Soil (kg) 432 441 437 435 200 690
400 840
Volume of C~ntainer = 950 cm3 600 990
Mass of Container = 236kg
Obtain the maximum dry density and optimum Determine the cohesion and angle of internal friction
moisture content. 10 of the soil. 8
4AN: CV 404 ( 14:10) ( 3 ) (TurnOver)

4AN :CV 404 (1430) ( 2 ) (Continued)
18
(c ) A normally consolidated clay stratum of 3 m thickness (b) Compute the safe bearing capacity of a square
has two permeable layers at its top and bottom. The footing 1 5 m x 1 5 m, located at a depth of 1 m below
liquid limit and initial void ratio of the clay are 36% thegroundlevelina soil of average density 20kN/m 3
and 082, respectively, while the initial overburden ~=20. (Nc=177, Nq=74, N 0 =50). If the
pressure at the middle of clay layer is 200kN/m2 water-table rises to the ground level, compute the
Due to the construction of a new building, this pressure reduction inS. B. C. Take FS = 3. 8
increases by 150 kN/m 2 Compute the probable
( c ) Following results were obtained from a plate load test
consolidation settlement of the building. 7
performed on a square plate of 300 mm x 300 mm
GroupB size at a depth of 12m below the ground level in a
bed of cla>: soil. Determine the safe bearing capacity
5. (a ) Discuss, with neat sketches, any two boring methods of the footing by taking FS = 3. 9
used in soil exploration. 5
Load Intensity (kN/m2 ) 25 so 100 200 300 400 500
(b) The observed. SPT value m a :deposit of fully
submerged. fine silty sand was 45 at a depth of 20m. Settlement (mm) 045 0.85 180 345 560 875 1450
: .'
The average sa.ll.Jrated : unit.
'
weight
.. ' .... "
of the. so~ is
19.S:kN/m~. "Firid the. Qm-ected, SPI' value for
,, 7. (a ) Proportion a combined footing for two columns
dilatancy and overburden ~feet. s
' . ,.. ' .' l ' "
spaced 6 m centre to centre, carrying loads of
(c) A load of 3000 kN is being taken by square column a llOOkN and 700kN, respectively. The projection
footing of3 m side. The footing rests on silty soil which beyond the centre line of the column should not
has a value of Poisson's ratio 03. To fmd out the exceed 05m. TakeS. B.C. of soil as 150kN/m2 and
modulus of elasticity of the soil, the soil sample was size of column as 500 mm x 500 mm. 12
stressed to 300kN/m2 and 06 %strain was noted. Find
( b ) Describe briefly the steps involved in design of
out the settlement at centre and edge of the footing,
footings. 8
if the influence factors were 112 and 056,
respectively. 7
8. A retaining wall of 6 m high, with its back at an angle of
6. (a ) Differentiate between general shear and local shear 7 5 with the horizontal, retains soil with the following
failures. 3 properties :
4 /1...1\J: CV 404 ( 1430) ( 4 ) ( Continued) 4AN:CV404(1430) ( 5 ) (Tum Over)
19
Cohesion C = 0; ( viii) A retaining wall, with a smooth vertical back, retains

3
Angle of internal friction~= 34 a purely cohesive soil of unit w"eight 20 kN/m and
Unit weight of soil y = 19 kN /m 3 cohes1on 30 kN/m 2 What is the depth of tension
Wall friction {) = 20 crack?
The backfill surface is sloping at an angle of 10 to the (ix) What are the sources to cause settlement?
hori..zontaL Determine the total active thrust by Culmann's
(x) One sampler has an area ratio of 8% while another
procedure. 20
has 16%. Which of these samplers do you prefer and
GroupC why?
9. Answer the following in short: 2x 10
(i) A sand sample has a porosity of 30% and specific

gravity of27. Find its dry unit weight.
( ii) Define effective Size and uniformity coeffiCient.
(iii) State Darcy's law.
(iv) What are the methods'C>f"calculatilig coefficient of

consolidation trom test' data?
( v) Fmd the time required for 50% consolidm,ion in a soil

of 8 m thick., if coefficient of consolidation is
1 X 10- 4 cm2 /min.
( vi) Doring an unconfined compression test on a

cylindrical soil of 40 mm dia, the sample failed at
a load 400 N. Find its shear strength.
( vii) A retaining wall, 6 m high, retains sand with an angle

of friction 30 and unit weight 16 kN /m 3 Determine
the earth pressure at rest.
4 AN: CV 404 (1430) ( 6 ) (Continued) 4AN:CV 404(1430) ( 7 ) AG-700
20
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GroupB (b) Describe briefly the steps involved in design of

footings. 8
S. (a) Describe standard penetration test. 5
8. A retaining wall of 6 m high retains soil with following
( b ) Describe plate load test in detail with procedure
interpretation of test result and its limitations. 10 properties :
( c) Observed SPT value in a deposit of fully submerged Cohesion C = 20 kN /m 2

fine silty sand was 45 at a depth of 20m . Average Angle of internal friction, ~ = 30
3
saturated unit weight of soil is 19 5 kN /m . Find Unit weight of soil, y= 18kN/m3
corrected SPT value for dilatancy and overburden
effect. 5 Wall is vertical and smooth. Draw earth pressure diagram.
Find total earth pressure and its point of application for
6. (a) Differentiate between general shear, local shear and
active case for following copditions:
punching shear failures. 6
(a ) Tension cracks are not developed, and
(b) Compute the safe bearing capacity of a square footing
15 m x 15 m , located at a depth of I m below ground (b) Tension cracks are developed. 20
level in a soil of density 18kN/m3 , ~ = 30
(Nc = 3014, Nq = 184, NY= 22-4). If the water Groupe
table rises to ground level, what is reduction in SBC.
TakeFS =3. 8 9. Answer the following in short: 2x10
(c) Calculate net ultimate bearing capacity of a square ( i) A sand sample has void ratio 08 and specific gravity
footing 2 m x 2m located in clay deposit at 1 m depth. of 27. Find its dry unit weight.
2
Cohesion of clay is 50kN/m , average censity is
(ii) Define effective size and coefficient of curvature.
3
16kN/m . Take Nc = 57. What will be changes in
net ultimate bearing capacity if depth is increased (iii) State Darcy's law.
to 2m. 6
(iv) Time required for 50% consolidation of a clay layer
7. (a ) Proportion a combinf'd footing for two columns with single drainage condition is four month. How
spaced 6 m centre to centre, carrying loads of much time is required for 50% consolidation of same
1100 kN and 700 k..."', respectively. The projection clay layer with double drainage condition.
beyond centre line of column should not exceed
05 m. Take SBC of soil as 150kN/m2 and size of ( v) State two methods of caiculating coefficient of
column as 500 mm x 500 mm . 12 consolidation from test data.
W'()7 4 AN CV 404 ( 1430) ( 4 ) ( Continued) W'07 4 AN: CV 404 11430) ( 5 ) (Tum Over\
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W'08: 4AN: CV 404 ( 1430)
Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY 1WO from Group A,

All parts ofa question (a, b, etc. ) should

Answer should be brief and to-the-point and be supplemented

Any missing or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving

Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.
Group A
1. (a ) Derive the following relation with usual notation: 7
"(G+eSr)rw
r=-----
(1 +e)
( b ) A borrow pit is having natural moisture content as

15 % ~d unit weight of 17 kN/m 3 Soil of volume
2000 m 3 has been excavated from it for using in an
embankment to be compacted at a porosity of 30 %.
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S'09 : 4AN: CV404 (1430)
Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWO from Group A,

ANYTWOfrom Group Band ALL/rom Group C.
All parts of a question ( a,b,etc.) should


with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answer may
result in loss of marks.

Group A
1. (a) Derive the following relation, with usual notation,

from three-phase diagram : 6
Bulkdensityvb=G( l +w)vw/( l +e)
(b) An embankment under construction has a bulk unit

weight of 16 kN/m 3 and moisture content of 10 %.
Compute the quantity of water (in litres) to be added
per cubic metre of earth to raise its moisture content
to 14% at the same void ratio. 5
(Turn Over)
32
(c) The natural moisture content of an excavated soil is

Pressure, kNim 2 Void Ratio
32 %. Its liquid limit is 60 % and plastic limit is
100 0905
27%. Determine the plasticity index, liquidity
9 200 0815
index and consistency of soil.
V 2 m dry sand G = 266, e = 055

2. (a) Classify the soil, with the following properties,
6 GWT~_~*~------------------
according to ISC system :
- 2m sand G= 266, e = 048
Percentage of passing 475 mm sieve= 100
*
Percentage of passing 75 J.l. sieve = 10
31 m clay W==.3478, G == 274
D 10 , = 023 mm
D 30 = 030 mm ~ROCK~
D 60 = 041 mm Fig. 1
(b) Describe the structure of montmorillonite with a (i) Calculate the average effective stress on clay layer. 5
neat dimensioned sketch. 6
(ii) Determine the compression index, C c . 5
(c) Derive an expression for capillary rise and thereby (iii) If the average effective stress on clay layer is
obtain the expression for maximum capillary rise. 8 increased to 115 kN/m2 , what would be the total
consolidation settlement ? 5
3. (a) A sand deposit contains three distinct horizontal
layers of equal thickness. The coefficient of (iv) Given Cv= 56 mm2/min, how long will it take to
permeability of upper and lower layer is reach 50 % consolidation settlement ? 5
1o- 3 em/sec and that of the middle is 1o- 2 em/sec.
What are the values of horizontal and vertical Group B
coefficient of permeability of three layers ? 6
5. (a) Describe advantages and limitations of direct shear
(b) Derive an expression for determination ofvertical test. 6
pressure under a uniformly loaded strip footing. 6
(b) Derive expression for the critical height of an
(c) Derive the relation q = k h ( N/Nd) for a given unsupported vertical cut in cohesive soil.
8 6
flow net.
(c) A normally consolidated clay was consolidated
4. The clay is normally consolidated (Fig. 1). A laboratory under a stress of 150 kPa, then sheared under
consolidation test on clay gave the following result : undrained axial compression. The deviatoric stress
at failure was I 00 kPa. The induced pore pressure
S'09: 4AN: CV404 (1430) ( 2 ) ( Continued )
S'09 : 4AN . C'! -t04 ( 1430) ( 3 ) (Turn Over)
33
34
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35
36
37
38
S'10:4AN :CV404 (1430)
Time :Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY lWO from Group A,

ANY lWO from Group B and AlL from Group C.

Answer should be bn"efand to-the-point and be supplemented


Group A
l. (a) Prove, from fundamentals, that Sl = WG. 4
(b) A field density test was conducted by core cutter

method and following data were obtained :
Weight of empty core cutter = 2280 g
Weight of soil and core cutter= 5005 g
Inside diameter of the core cutter = 90 00 mm
Height of core cutter = 180 mm
Weight of wet sample for water content
determination = 54 0 g
39
Weight of dry soil after overdrying = 51 12 g (b) A clay layer has a thickness of 5 m and is subjected
Specific gravity of soil grains = 270 to a pressure of 60 kN/m 2 . If the layer has a double
Determine {i } dry density, (ii ) void ratio,
drainage and undergoes 50% consolidation in one
(iii} degree of saturation, (iv} water content at full
year, determine roefficient of consolidation, taking
saturation. 8
Tv =o 0 197. Also, if the coefficient of permeability
(c) Define ( i) flow index ( ii) density index, is 0 025 m/year, determine the settlement in one year
(iii) sensitivity, and ( iv) activity. 2 x4 and rate of flow of water per unit area in one year. 10
2. (a) Compute the total, effective and pore pressure at a (c) State the assumptions made in the derivation of basic
depth of 12 5 m below the bottom of a water b()dy. equation for seepage. 4
The water body has SOm storage of water. The

4. ( a ) Compare consolidation with compaction. 4
bottom of water body consists of homogeneous soft
clay with average water content of 40%. Take (b) A layer of soft clay is 6 m thick and lies under a newly
0=265. .8 constructed building. The weight of sand overlying the
clay layer produces a pressure of 294 kPa and the
(b) Derive an expression for average permeability of
new construction increases the pressure by 9 8 kPa.
layered soil when (i) flow parallel to the bedding
If the compression index is 0 5, estimate the
plane, and (ii) flow perpendicular to the bedding
consolidation settlement. Take water content as
plane. 7
425% and 0=265. 8
( c ) Classify the soil as per BIS for the following data : 5
(c) In a triaxial shear test, with usual notation, prove
Percentage of passing 4 7 5 mm = 100% that 8
P~rcentage of passing 0 07 5 mm
Liquid limit
, Plastic limit
= 60%
= 625%
= 41 0%
0 I = 0 3 N. + 2 cv N .
3. (a ) A 4 m thick soil stratum has coefficient of permeability GroupB

of 3. 5 x w- 7
m/sec. A separate test gave porosity
S. (a ) The inner diameters of a sampling tube and that of
41% and bulk unit weight 21 kN/m 3 at a moisture '-~utting edge are 70 mm and 65 mm, respectively,
content of 32%. Determine the head at which upward and their outer diameters are 75 mm and 78 mm,
seepage will cause quick sand condition. What is the respectively. Determine (i) inside clearance,
flow required to maintain critical condition ? 6 ( ii) outside clearance, and (iii) area ratio. 6
40
(b) State assumptions made in Terzaghi's theory of (c) A retaining wall, 4 m high, has a smooth vertical back.
bearing capacity. 4 The backfill has a horizontal surface in level with the
top of the wall. There is an uniformly distributed
( c ) A plate load test was conducted on a uniform deposit
surcharge load of 36 kN/m 2 acts over the backfill.
of sand and following data were obtained :
The unit weight of the backfill is 18 kN/m 3 and
= 30. The soil is dry and cohesionless. Determine
Pressure, kN/mz 50 100 200 300 400 500 600
magnitude and point of application of resultant earth
pressure per metre length of the wall. 8
Settlement, mm 15 20 40 75 125 200 400
7. (a) State the assumptions made in Rankine's theory. 4
The size of plate was 7 50 mm x 7 50 mm and that of
{b) Draw contact .pressure distribution diagram for
pit 375mmx 375m.x lSOm.
{i) rigid footing rested over clay, ( ii) rigid footing
rested over sand, {iii) flexible footing rested over
(i) Plot pressure settlement curve and determine
clay, and (iv) flexible footing rested over sand. 6
failure stress ; 5
{c ) List out various ground improvement methods and
(ii) A square footing 2m x 2m is to be founded at describe any two methods in detail. 10
150 rn depth in this soil. Assuming the factor of
safety against shear failure as 3 an~ the maximum 8.. {a) Describe the factors affecting bearing capacity of soil. 5
permissible settlement as 40 mm, determine the
( b ) Discuss the methods to reduce the settlements in
allowable bearing pressure. 5 buildings. 6
6. (a) A circular footing is resting on a stiff saturated clay (c) Write a detailed note on different types of foundation
2 and their uses. 9
with unconfined compressive strength of 250 kN /rn .
The depth of foundation is 2 rn. Determine the

Groupe
diameter of the footing, iflthe column load is 600 kN.
Assume a factor of safety 25, r = 20 kN tm3.. 8 9. Answer the following : 2x 10
( b ) ,Discuss various remedial measures against harmful ( i) If void ratio of a soil is 06 8 , estimate its porosity.
settlements. 4
( ii} What is meant by effective stress ?
S'IO: 4AN: CV 404 (1430) ( 4 ) (Continued) S'IO: 4AN: CV 404 ( 1430) ( 5 ) (Tum Over)
41
42
W' 10: 4 AN : CV 404 ( 1430)
Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100

ANY TWO from Group B and ALL from Group C.

Answer should be brief m1d to-the-point and be supplemented


Group A
1. (a) Develop a relationship between the void ratio, water

content, specific gravity of particles and degree of
saturation. 6
(b) Classify the soil with the following properties

according to ISC system : 6
Liquid Limit Plasticity Index %Passing %Passing
4 7 5 mm Sieve 7 5 J.l. Sieve
40% 10% 60% 45%
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43
(c) A sample of sand above water-table was found to ( c ) A horizontal stratified soil deposit consists of three
have a natural moisture content of 15% and a unit layers, each uniform in itself. The permeabilities of
weight of 1884 kN/m 3 . Laboratory tests on a the layers are 8 x 10-4 cm/sec, 50 x 10-4 cm/sec and
dried sample indicated values of 05 and 085 for 15 x 10-4 cm/sec, and their thicknesses are 6m, 3m,
minimum and maxinlUm values of void ratios, and 12m, respectively. Find the effective average
respectively for densiest and loosest states. Calculate permeability of the deposit in horizontal and vertical
the degree of saturation and relative density. Assume directions. 8
0=265. 8 4 (a ) Defme total, effective and pore water pressure in soil. 4
2. (a) Explain the phenomenon of quick sand condition. 5 (b) A layer of s_aturated clay, 5 m thick., is overlain by
sand 4 m deep. The water is 3 m below the top surface.
(b) Determine the value of critical hydraulic gradient for The sat.urated unit weights of clay and sand are
loose deposits of sand having void ratio of 067 and 18kN/m3 arid 20kN/m3, respectively. Above the
specific gravity of 267. 5 water-table, the unit weight of sand is 17kN/m3
Calculate the effective pressure8 on a horizontal plane
(c) Define consolidation and swelling of soil mass. at a depth of 9 m below the gro.md surface. What_ will
Mention the importance of consolidation. Enumerate be the increase in t.he effective pressure at 9 m, if the
the factors affecting it. 10 soil gets saturated by capillary up to he~ght of 1 m
above the water and Yw =981 kN/m 3 . 8
3. (a ) What is the significance of pore water pressure in the.
triaxial shear test? 4
( c j A soii stratum is 10 m thick with previous stratum
(b) A cohesive soil specimen was tested under triaxial on top and bottom. Determine the time required
for 50% c.:onsolidation. GIVen that coefficient
compression with a cell pressure ofps. Failure of the
specimen occurred under a total pressure of 35 N1em 2
of permeability = Jo-7 cnl/sec; coefficient of
2
c.:ompress1on = 00003 cm / gm ; void ratio = 2 ; and
with the same soil, direct shear test was also done.
time factor =019'7. 8
Shearing forces at failure were 450 Nand 325 N under
normal loads of IOOON and SOON, respectively. The GroupB
sectional area of the shear box was 36 cm 2 Find the
5. ( il ) How do you represent the results ot.'tained from site
cell pressure, Ps, at failure. 8
l!xamination. in situ testing and laboratory test of a
sub-soil in ground investigations? 4
44
(b) What is N- value of standard penetration te::;t? 8. (a) A counterfort retaining wall of lOrn height retains
Discuss briefly various corrections to be applied w non-cohesive backfill. The void ratio and angle of
the observed N -value. 4 internal friction of the backfill, respectively are 070
and 30 in the loose state and 0-40 and 40'' in the
(c) A square footing is required to carry a nl!t load of dense state. Calculate and compare active and passive
1200kN. Determine the size of the footing, if the earth pressures in both states. Take specific gravity
depth of foundation is 2m and tolerable ~ettlement of soil grain as 27. Give your comments on the
is 40 mm. The soil is sandy with N = 12; water-table result. 10
is very deep. Use Teng's equation. 10
(b) Explain briefly how total foundation settlement can
( d) State the limitations of plate load test. 2 be estimated by stress path method. 6
6. (a) Discuss Terzaghi's equation for bearing capacity of (c) Explain the engineering significance of pre-consoli-
footing. List the factors on which ultimate bearing dation pressure. 4
capacity depends in case of cohesive and
non-cohesive soils. 6+4 Groupe
( b ) Determine the allowable gross load and the net 9. Answer the following in brief : 10x2
allowable load for a square footing of 2m side and
with a depth of foundation of 1m. Use Terzaghi's ( i) What are vertical drains '?
theory and assume local shear failure. Take a factor ( ii) A test plate 30 em x 30 em resting on a sand deposit
of safety of 3. The soil at the site has Y = 18 kN /m 3 , settles by 10 mm under a certain loading intensity.
C' = 15kN/m and~~ =25 Nc' = 148, N,/ =56
2 What is settlement for a 150 em x 200 em resting on
and Ny' = 32. 10
I
the same sand deposit and loaded to the same load

intensity.
7. (a) What are the a~sumptions in Coulomb's theory'? (iii) Differentiate between compression, compaction and
Compare Rankine's theory and Coulomb's consolidation.
theory. 4+6 ( iv) A vertical wall, 6 m high above the water, retains a
20" soil slope, the retained soil has a unit weight of
f h) What is the necessity of ground improvement
techniques ? List different methods fc.r ground 18 kN I m'l , the appropriate shear strength parameters
improvement used for cohesionless soil. Explain the are C = 0, ~ = 40. What is coefficient of active earth
functioning of stone columns. 3+2+5 pressure?
45
46
S'11 :4AN :CV404(1430)
GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING.
Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100

AU parts ofa question (a, b, etc. ) should


result in loss ofmarks.
Anj missing or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving

Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate fuU marks .
Group A
1. (a ) Determine the difference between the pore size of

silt and fine sand, if the respec_tive capillary rise in
these soils are 40 em and 20 em,_ respectively. 6
( b ) Explain the concept of diff~se double layer as

applicable in clay mineralogy. 9
( c ) Describe in brief origin of soils. 5
2. (a ) Establish relationship between dry weight density and

percentage air voids. Prove that it yields the same
expression for the conditions ( i) air voids are zero,
and (n) soil is fully saturated. 14
47
l b ) Describe cone penetration test. Differentiate it from

(b) Determine the dry unit weight, void ratio, and the standard penetrati.on test. 7
degree of saturation of a soil specimen with a water
content of 10% and a wet unit weight of ( c ) Discuss various methods of detennining the level of
20kN/m3 Take specific gravity of solids as 270 and ground water-table. 6
rw = 10kN/m3 6
6. (a. ) Determine the allowable gross load and the net
1 (a ) Describe iR brief characteristics of flow net. 7 allowable load for a square footing of 2m side and
with a depth of foundation of lOm. Use Terzaghi's
(b) A concentrated load of 2000 ~ Is applied at the theory and assume local shear failure. Tale a
ground surface. Determine the vertical stress at a factor of safety of 3.0. 1be soil at the site has
point located at 6m depth and at a horizontal distance
of 5 m from the axis of load. 6
y =18kN/m3 , c' =15kN/m2 and =-25. +'
Take Nc'=148, N'=56
q and N'=32
r for
(c) Describe Casagrande's method for determination of
+I =25. 8
the most probable pre-consolidation pressure. 7
( b ) Describe the determination of ultiniate bearing
4. (a) During a pressure increment, a test specimen, 20 mm capacity in local shear. How does the general shear
thick, attained 50% primary consolidation in 45 min. failure differ from the local shear failure? 6
How long would it take a 10m thick layer of the
same soil to reach the same degree of consolidation, ( c ) How would you estimate the settlements of a
if (i) clay layer was drained on both surfaces, and foundation on cohesionless soil? 6
( ii) it was drained on the top surface only? 12
7. (a) Differentiate between preloading and vibrocom-
( b ) A sample of dry cohesionless soil was tested in a
paction methods of ground improvement. Describe
triaxial machine. If the angle of internal shearing
resistance was 36" and the confining pressure, vibrocompaction method in brief. , 2 +3
100 kN tm 2 , determine the deviator stress at which the

. ( b ) What are the basic principles of design of
sample failed. 8
footings? 5
GroupB
(c) Describe the step-by-step procedure of designing a
S. (a) Define site investigation. Describe various purposes rectangular combined footing. 10
for which site investigations are conducted. 7
,~~...., \
48
( b ) decrease in void ratio .

8. Vertical back of wall, H = 75 m, water-table behind the
(c) decrease in specific gravity.
wall only at 3 m below top. Cohesionless fill in level with
(d) None of the above.
topofwallhaving 531 = 225kN/m 3 , t =35. The top 3m
of ,fill above water-table is also saturated by capillary ( v) The effective stress controls the following of soils :
moisture. Find the total thrust and its point of applicc&tion. ( a ) Shear strength
(Taker' bel(lw water-table as 127 kN/rn 3.) 20 ( b ) Compressibility
Groupe ( c) Permeability
(d) All of the above.
9. Choose the correct answer for the. following : 10x2
( vi) The seepage pressure is proportional to
( i) Bulking of sands is usually ( a_ ) hydraulic gradient.
(a) less than 10%. ( b ) unit weight of water .
( b ) between 20% and 30% . ( c ) lengt_h of specimen.
(c) between 10% and 20%. (d) All of the above.
(d) greater than 40%.
( vii) If the entire semi-infinite soil mass is loaded with
( ii) The maximum size of particles of t:hy is a load intensity of q at the surface, the vertical stress
(a) 75 1-l at any depth is equal to
(b) 40!-l (a) q
(c) 2._., (b) 05 q
(d) 0-2 .... (c) zero
(d) infinity
(iii) A soil has the liquid limit of 30. The corresponding
plasticity index given by the A-line is
( viii) For an undisturbed sample, the area ratio of samples
(a) 73 should be
(b) 75 (a) 10%orless.
(c) 90 (b) 10%to20%.
(d) 95 ( c ) more than 20% .
. (iv) The critical gradient of a soil increases with (d) None of the above .
{a ) iqcrease in void ratio.
5'11: 4AN: CV 404 (1430) ( 5 ) (Tum Over)
5'11: 4AN: CV 404 (1430) ( 4 ) (Continued)
49
50
W'll:4AN: CV404(1430)
Time : Three hours

Maximum Marks : I 00
ANY TWO from Group Band ALLfrom Group C.
All parts of a question ( a,b,etc.) should

result in loss ofmarks.
Group A
1. (a) Derive from fundamentals : es == Gw, where 's'

represents degree of saturation,, e' represents void
ratio, 'w' represents water content, and 'G' represents
grain specific gravity. 6
(b) A soil sample has a liquid limit of20% and plastic

limit of 12%. The following data are also available
from sieve analysis :
Sieve size, mrn 20 0-425 0075
%passing 100 85 38
Classify the soil approximately according to Indian

Standard classification. (1
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51
(c) The porosity of a soil sample is 35% and the specific
gravity of its particles is 2.7. Calculate its void ratio, 4. (a) Define overconsolidation pressure and write any two
dry unit weight, saturated unit weight and submerged examples. Discuss how the overconsolidation pressure
unit weight. Also, calculate the bulk unit weight of soil, . is estimated using Casagrande's gtaphical method. 6
if its degree of saturation is 50%. 8
(b) An earth dam of 60 m wide is built on an impervious
2. (a) How is the coefficient of consolidation of soil foundation with a hcrizontal filter at the base near the
toe. The permeability of the soil in the horizontal and
estimated ? Explain any one method. Discuss the use
vertical directions is 4 x 10-2 mm/s and 1 x t0- 2 mm/s,
of coefficient of consolidation in soil engineering. 8
respectively. The full reservoir level is 30m above the
(b) A sample in a variable head permeameter is 80 mm in filter. A flow net, constructed for the transformed
diameter and 100 mm high. The permeability of the section of the dam, consists of four flow channels and
sample estimated to be 10 x 1o- 3 mmJs, if it is desired 16 head drops. Estimate the seepage loss for the entire
that the head in the stand pipe should fall from 240 mm length of dam. 8
to 120 mm in 180 sec. Determine the size of the stand (c) Discuss critically the 'stress strain behavior of sands'
pipe which should be used. 6 and 'critical void ratio'. 6
(c) Write a note on 'effective stress' and 'quick sand
Group B
condition'. 6
5. (a) What are the various steps considered in the planning
3. (a) What are the various parameters that affect the of sub-surface exploration programme ? Describe
permeability of soil in the field ? Discuss critically. 8 the Standard Penetration Test and write its use in
foundation design. 8
(b) There is a bed of compressible clay of 4 m thickness
with pervious sand on top and impervious rock at the (b) What is the ultimate bearing capacity of a circular
bottom. Consolidation test conducted on an undisturbed footing of 1 m diameter resting on the surface of a
specimen of clay of 20 mm thick obtained from the saturated clay of unconfined compression strength of
same deposit showed that 90% settlement has reached 100 kN/m2 ? What is the safe bearing capacity, if the
in 4 hr. Estimate the time (in year) for the building factor of safety is 3 ? 6
founded over this deposit-to reach 90% of its final
(c) What do you mean by 'floating foundation'? Discuss
settlement. 6 its concept. 6
(c) A cylindrical specimen of a saturated soil fails
6. (a) A retaining wall, 75 m high, retains a cohesion]ess
under an axial stress of 150 kPa in an unconfined
backfill. The top 3 m of the fill has a unit weight of
compression test. The failure plane makes an angle of
18 kN/m 3 and cp = 30D and the rest has unit weight of
52 with the horizontal. Calculate the cohesion and 24 kN/m3 and ell =20. Draw the active earth pressure
angle of internal friction of the soil. 6 distribution diagram. Also, find the total active earth
thrust and its location from the bottom of the wall. 8
I "' I
52
53
W'12:4AN: CV404 (1430)

Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
ANY TWO from Group B and ALL from Group C.
All parts of a question (a, b, etc. ) should

Group A
1. (a) A soil sample is partially saturated. Its natural water
content is found to be 22% and bulk density 2 glee. If
the specific gravity of solids be 265, find the degree
of saturation and void ratio. If the soil is saturated,
what will be its saturated unit weight ? 8
(b) A moist soil sample weighs 4 N. After drying in an

oven, its weight is reduced to 3 N. The specific gravity
of solids and the mass specific gravity are 265 and
185, respectively. Determine the water content,
void ratio, porosity, and the degree of saturation.
Take y = 10 kN/m 3 8
(c) The results of classification tests conducted on a soil

sample are given below : 4
54
Classify the soil as per IS 1498.

Fraction passing through 75 microns 70% An undisturbed sample of clay 20 mm thick was
Liquid limit 28% tested in a floating ring consolidation apparatus with
Plastic limit drainage both ways. Under a pressure of I 00 kPa, the
20%
total change in thickness was 06 mm and under
2. (a) The water-tabie in a certain area is at a depth of 4 m 200 kPa, it was I 0 mmw The time taken for 50 % of
below the ground surface. To a depth of 12m, the soil the total settlement to occur under the 200 kPa pressure
consists of very fine sand having an average void ratio was 1 hr. Compute the (i) coefficient of volume
of07. Above the water-table, the sand has an average compressibility for the pressure range of 100 kPa to
degree of saturation of 50 %. Calculate the effective 200 kPa; (ii) ultimate settlement of the clay layer;
stress on a horizontal plane at a depth of 10 m below and (iii) time required for 50% of the total settlement.
3x4
the ground surface. What will be the change in the (b) Explain Casagrande's method of obtaining coefficient
effective stress if the soil gets saturated by capillarity of consolidation from the results of consolidation test. 8
for a height of 1 m above the water-table. Take specific
gravity of solids as 265. 8 4. (a) A sample of cohesionless sand in a direct shear test
(b) A bed of sand consists of three horizontal layers of fails under a shear stress of 160 kPa when the normal
equal thickness. The value ofcoefficient of permeability stress was 240 kPa. Find the angle of shearing
for the upper and lower layers is 1 x 10-J mm/s and of resistance of the sand. Find the principal stresses and
the middle layer is 0.1 mm/s. What is the ratio of locate the principal planes. 12
effective permeability of the bed in the horizontal (b) In an undrained triaxial test on a sample of saturated
direction to that in the vertical direction ? Derive the clay, the all-round pressure is maintained at 100 kPa.
equations used, if any. 9 The UCC strength is 352 kPa. At what vertical applied
(c) State the conditions for quick sand phenomenon to stress, in addition to the all round pressure, should the
occur. sample fail ? 4
3
(c) What are the advantages of triaxial compression test
3. (a) The foundation of a new structure is to be laid on a
over direct shear test ? 4
bed of sand overlying a layer of saturated clay 15 m
thick. Below the clay layer is another bed of coarse GrQup B
sand. The effective overburden pressure at the middle
of the clay layer before the construction of the 5. (a) Distinguish between non-representative, representative
and undisturbed samples. Name the laboratory tests
foundation is 100 kPa. Due to the foundation loading,
that could be conducted on each of the samples. 9
an additional increase of 100 kPa Ill the vertical
pressure is expected at the middle of the clay layer. (b) Discuss the limitations of plate load test. 6
55
56
57
W'13:4AN:CV 404 (1430)

Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
ANY TWO from Group B and ALL from G~roup C.
All parts of a question ( a, b, etc.) should

Group A
L (a) A wet sample, weighing 23 N, had a volume of
1150 cm 3 After oven drying, its weight is reduced to
196 N. The specific gravity of solids was found to
be 265. Determine (i) water content, (ii) bulk unit
weight. (iii) dry unit weight, ( iv) saturated unit weight,
( v) effective unit weight, (vi) void ratio, (viz) porosity,
and ( viiz) degree of saturation. 8x 1
{b) The results classification tests conducted on a soH
sample are giveri below. Classify the soil as per IS 5
1498;
Percentage of gravel : 72
Percentage of sand : 24
Size corresponding to l 0% finer : 16 mm
30% finer : 40 mm
60~o finer : 80 mm
58
.(c) A sand deposit 8 m thickoverliesa clay stratum which water content is I 4%. On increase of the consolidation
extends for a large depth. The clay has a void ratio of pressure to 160 kPa, the specimen thickness decreases
06 and specific gravity of solids of27. The water- by 128 mm. Determine the compression index of the
table is at a depth of 4 m from the ground surface. soil. Take specific gravity of solids as 27. State the
The submerged sand has a saturated unit weight of assumption involved in solving this problem. 8
19 kN/m 3 and the moist sand above the water-table (b) Explain Casagrande's method of obtaining the
has a unit weight of 17 kN/m 3 Calculate the total, preconsolidation pressure from the results of
effective and pore water pressure at a depth of 8 m consolidation test. 6
from the surface of the clay layer. 7
(c) State the assumptions made in Terzaghi's one-dimensional
2. (a) A constant head permeability test was carried out on a consolidation theory. 6
sandy soil sample of160 mm in length and 6000 mm2 in
cross-sectional area. The sample had a porosity of 40%. 4. (a) Two identical specimens ofa soil were tested in a triaxial
Under a constant head of 300 mm, the discharge apparatus. First specimen failed at a deviator stress of
was found to be 45 x 103 mm 3 in 18 s. Calculate the 770 kPa when the cell pressure was 200 kPa, while
coefficient of permeability. Also, evaluate the discharge the second specimen failed at a deviator stress of
- velocity and seepage velocity during the test. Estimate 1370 kPa under a cell pressure of 400 kPa. Determine
the coefficient of permeability of another sample of the shear strength parameters. Also, find the deviator
the same soil but with a porosity of 30%. 9 stress at failure when the cell pressure was 600 kPa.
If the same soil is tested in a direct shear apparatus,
(b) In a stratified soil strata of two layers are having
estimate the shear stress at which the sample will fail
permeability k1 and k2 with equal thickness H. If the
ratio of equivalent permeability in horizontal direction under a normal stress of 600 kPa. 8
to that in vertical direction is unity, find the ratio of k/~. 8 (b) An unconfined compression test was conducted on a
(c) It is proposed to found a square footing at a depth saturated clay specimen, 40 mm in diameter and
of 15 m above a weak soil layer. Bearing capacity 80 mm in length. The specimen failed under an axial
analysis indicates that the average stress on the weak load of 400 N when the axial defonnation was 7 mm.
layer must not exceed 50 kPa. What is the size of Find the UCC strength of the soil. When triaxial
footing to be used to support a 500 kN load from a compression test was carried out on a specimen of the
column to meet the above requirement ? Use 2: I same soil at a cell pressure of 100 kPa, the ~pie
dispersion method. 3 failed at a deviator stress of 390 kPa. Determine the
shear strength parameters of the soil. 8
3. (a) The thickness of a saturated specimen of clay under
consolidation pressure ofS 0 kPa is 22 12 mm and its (c) Discuss the limitations of direct shear test. 4
59
60
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AMIE Study Material & Admission Packages AMIE(I) Study Circle, Roorkee www.amiestudycircle.

GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Time : Three hours

Maximum Marks : 100

Answer questions, taking ANY 1WO from Group A,

AU parts, ofa question (a, b, etc) should

Answer should be briefand to-the-point and be supplemented

Any missing data or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving

Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate fuD marks.

1. (a) Define the following: 5

(i) Flow index

(ii) Toughness index

(iii) Liquidity index

(iv) Plasticity index

( vi) Relative density.

4. (a) Define 'pre-consolidation pressure'. In what way its

4 AN: CV 404 {30) ( 2 ) (Continued) 4 AN: CV 404 (30) ( 3 J (Tum Over)

( b ) Representative samples of a layer of silty clay, 5 m Load

Settlement 20 40 75 110 163 235 34{) 450

Preconsolidation pressure ac== 120kN/m2 ,

4 AN: CV 404 (30) ( 4 ) (Continued) 4 AN :CV 404 (30) ( 5 ) (Tum Over)

_W.T _ _ l 6.60m (vi) A clay has a compression index ( CJ of 020. If the

4 AN: CV 404 (30) ( 7 ) (Tum Over)

(c) In a constant head permeability test conducted on a ( ii) Coefficient of compressibility

( b l Determine the safe bearing capacity of footing with Group C

Loading 1'"0 1100 1200 Joo ,400 jSOO

determined ? 5 \a lUI.: is oft en used. Tb.is value is als(, used rn

estimating the coeff. of act I\ c and ra,sive earh

.:(c) A uniformly distributed load of 200 kN/m2 is carried

compaction test on a soil sample: undrained triaxial test on a soil.

Cell Pressure (kN/m2 ) Additional Axial

4AN: CV 404 ( 14:10) ( 3 ) (TurnOver)

4 /1...1\J: CV 404 ( 1430) ( 4 ) ( Continued) 4AN:CV404(1430) ( 5 ) (Tum Over)

Cohesion C = 0; ( viii) A retaining wall, with a smooth vertical back, retains

9. Answer the following in short: 2x 10

(i) A sand sample has a porosity of 30% and specific

( ii) Define effective Size and uniformity coeffiCient.

(iii) State Darcy's law.

(iv) What are the methods'C>f"calculatilig coefficient of

( v) Fmd the time required for 50% consolidm,ion in a soil

( vi) Doring an unconfined compression test on a

( vii) A retaining wall, 6 m high, retains sand with an angle

4 AN: CV 404 (1430) ( 6 ) (Continued) 4AN:CV 404(1430) ( 7 ) AG-700

GroupB (b) Describe briefly the steps involved in design of

( c) Observed SPT value in a deposit of fully submerged Cohesion C = 20 kN /m 2

GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Time : Three hours

Maximum Marks : 100

Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY 1WO from Group A,

All parts ofa question (a, b, etc. ) should

Answer should be brief and to-the-point and be supplemented

Any missing or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving

Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.

1. (a ) Derive the following relation with usual notation: 7

( b ) A borrow pit is having natural moisture content as

GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Time : Three hours

Maximum Marks : 100

Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWO from Group A,