CSCI-GA.3033.

003
Scripting Languages
11/14/2013
TypeScript

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11/14/13
Concepts

Typing
Strong typing = no implicit type conversion
Weak typing = implicit type conversion
Static typing = check for type errors at compile time
Dynamic typing = check for type errors at run time

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11/14/13
Concepts

Weak/Strong, Static/Dynamic Typing

Strong typing
(explicit conversions)
ML Scheme
Java
VBA
PHP
JavaScript
C
Perl
Weak typing
(implicit conversions) assembler
Static typing Dynamic typing
(compile-time checks) (runtime checks)
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11/14/13
JavaScript

Unexpected Behavior

$ node $ node
> '5' + 2 > '' == '0'
'52' false
> '5' - 2 > 0 == ''
3 true
> 0 == '0'
true

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11/14/13
Concepts

Strong Typing
Makes intention explicit
Makes code easier to read/maintain
Can catch certain types of errors
Less likely to have unexpected behavior

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11/14/13
TypeScript
About TypeScript
Superset of JavaScript
Static typing
Class-based object-oriented programming
Developed by Microsoft
Designed to make it easier to build large
JavaScript applications
Related languages:
CoffeeScript
Dart
Mascara

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11/14/13
TypeScript
Types
any

primitive object

number string boolean trivial array named anonymous

enum null undefined

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10/07/13
TypeScript
How to Write + Run Code
Install as a node.js package:
$ npm install -g typescript

Run the compiler:

$ tsc hello.ts

Output is JavaScript:
$ ls
hello.js hello.ts

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Type Declarations
hello.ts hello.js

function printit(msg : string) { function printit(msg) {

console.log(msg); console.log(msg);
} }

var msg = "Hello World!"; var msg = "Hello World!";

printit(msg); printit(msg);

CS 5142 Cornell University 9

11/14/13
TypeScript

Type Declarations
hello.ts hello.js

function printit(msg : string) { function printit(msg) {

console.log(msg); console.log(msg);
} }

var msg = "Hello World!"; var msg = "Hello World!";

printit(msg); printit(msg);

CS 5142 Cornell University 10

11/14/13
TypeScript

Type Checking
hello.js output

function printit(msg : string) { $ node hello.js

console.log(msg); 5
}

var msg = 5;
printit(msg);

CS 5142 Cornell University 11

11/14/13
TypeScript

Type Checking
hello.js output

function printit(msg : string) { $ node hello.js

console.log(msg); 5
}

var msg = 5;
printit(msg);

CS 5142 Cornell University 12

11/14/13
TypeScript

Type Checking
hello.ts output

function printit(msg : string) { $ tsc hello.ts

console.log(msg); hello.ts(6,1): error TS2081:
} Supplied parameters do not
match any signature of call
target.
var msg = 5;
printit(msg);

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Object Types
fruit.ts
interface Fruit { An interface gives a
weight: number; name to an object type
color: string; Purely compile-time
seed?: boolean; construct
} Checks structural
equality
function pluck(f : Fruit) { Fields with a ? Are
console.log(f.color + " fruit"); optional.
}

var x = {weight: 10, color: "red"};

pluck(x);

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Object Types
fruit.ts
interface Fruit { An interface gives a
weight: number; name to an object type
color: string; Purely compile-time
seed?: boolean; construct
} Checks structural
equality
function pluck(f : Fruit) { Fields with a ? Are
console.log(f.color + " fruit"); optional.
}

var x = {weight: 10, color: "red"};

pluck(x);

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Classes

class Apple { Introduces a named type

constructor(public weight, and a member
public color) { } A declaration includes a
public pluck() { type declaration and a
return this.color + " apple; constructor
}
}

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Class Type

class Apple { Interface Apple {

constructor(public weight : number, weight : number;
public color : string) { } color : string;
public pluck() { pluck() : string;
return this.color + " apple; }
}
}

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Class Member

var Apple: { This is the JavaScript

new(weight : number, constructor function
color : string) : Apple;
}

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11/14/13
TypeScript

Class Inheritance

class A { A derived class inherits

a: number; all members from its
public f() {console.log("a"); } base class if it does not
public g() {console.log("a"); } override them
} Members with the same
name and type are
class B extends A { overridden
b: string;
public g() {console.log("b"); }
}

var b = new B();

b.f(); // a
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11/14/13
TypeScript

this

class A { A derived class inherits

a: number; all members from its
public f() {console.log("a"); } base class if it does not
public g() {console.log(a"); } override them
} Members with the same
name and type are
class B extends A { overridden
b: string;
public g() {console.log("b"); }
}

var b = new B();

b.f(); // a
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11/14/13
TypeScript

Modules

module M { Introduces namespaces

export function f() { return "f"; } Provide encapsulation
function g() { return "g"; } Implemented using the
} same pattern as node
M.f(); modules
M.g(); // Error, g is not exported

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11/14/13
TypeScript

this
In a constructor, member function:
this is the class instance
In a static function:
this is constructor function
In a function declaration: this is Any
In the global module: this Any

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Administrative

Last Slide
Next week: Security!

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