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Chapter 1. Wood Structure: Section 1. Materials and Practices

This document provides guidance on wood structure inspection and repair for aircraft. It discusses types of wood and adhesives used in aircraft construction. It also outlines safety procedures for sanding and handling materials. The document describes methods for inspecting wood structures for damage and deterioration. Finally, it provides detailed instructions for repairing various wood components, including spars, ribs, plywood skin, and patches using scarf joints, plugs, and other techniques. Diagrams and tables are included to illustrate the different repair methods.

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67 views2 pages

Chapter 1. Wood Structure: Section 1. Materials and Practices

This document provides guidance on wood structure inspection and repair for aircraft. It discusses types of wood and adhesives used in aircraft construction. It also outlines safety procedures for sanding and handling materials. The document describes methods for inspecting wood structures for damage and deterioration. Finally, it provides detailed instructions for repairing various wood components, including spars, ribs, plywood skin, and patches using scarf joints, plugs, and other techniques. Diagrams and tables are included to illustrate the different repair methods.

Uploaded by

robiny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

9/8/98 AC 43.

13-1B

CONTENTS
Paragraph Page

CHAPTER 1. WOOD STRUCTURE

SECTION 1. MATERIALS AND PRACTICES


1-1. General..........................................................................................................................................................1-1
1-2. Woods...........................................................................................................................................................1-1
Figure 1-1. Relative Shrinkage of Wood Member Due to Drying...........................................................1-1
Table 1-1. Selection and Properties of Aircraft Wood............................................................................1-3
Figure 1-2. Tapering of Faceplate ............................................................................................................1-3
1-3. Modified Wood Products .............................................................................................................................1-3
1-4. Adhesives......................................................................................................................................................1-3
1-5. Bonding Precautions.....................................................................................................................................1-5
1-6. Preparation of Wood Surfaces for Bonding.................................................................................................1-5
1-7. Applying the Adhesive .................................................................................................................................1-6
1-8. Assembly Time in Bonding..........................................................................................................................1-6
1-9. Bonding Temperature...................................................................................................................................1-6
1-10. Clamping Pressure........................................................................................................................................1-7
1-11. Method of Applying Pressure.......................................................................................................................1-7
1-12.1-17. [RESERVED.].............................................................................................................................. 1-8

SECTION 2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

1-18. General..........................................................................................................................................................1-9
1-19. Sanding in Areas of Existing Bond Joints and Finishes...............................................................................1-9
1-20. Handling of Adhesives and Finishes ............................................................................................................1-9
1-21.1-26. [RESERVED.].............................................................................................................................. 1-9

SECTION 3. INSPECTION

1-27. General........................................................................................................................................................1-11
1-28. Types of Deterioration and Damage ..........................................................................................................1-11
1-29. Inspection Methods ....................................................................................................................................1-11
Figure 1-3. Likely Areas to Incur Structural Damage ............................................................................1-13
1-30.1-35. [RESERVED.]............................................................................................................................ 1-14

SECTION 4. REPAIRS

1-36. General........................................................................................................................................................1-15
1-37. Replacement of Drain Holes and Skin Stiffeners.......................................................................................1-15
1-38. Control Surface Flutter Precautions ...........................................................................................................1-15
1-39. Scarf Joints..................................................................................................................................................1-15
Figure 1-4. Consideration of Grain Direction When Making Scarf Joints ............................................1-15
1-40. Splicing of Spars.........................................................................................................................................1-15
Figure 1-5. Method of Splicing Solid or Laminated Rectangular Spars................................................1-17
Figure 1-6. Method of Splicing Solid I Spars .....................................................................................1-18
Figure 1-7. Repairs to Built-Up I Spar................................................................................................1-19
Figure 1-8. Method of Splicing Box Spar Flanges (Plate Method) .......................................................1-20
1-41. Spar Replacement.......................................................................................................................................1-16
1-42. Splicing of Box Spar Webs ........................................................................................................................1-16
Figure 1-9. Method of Splicing Box Spar Webs....................................................................................1-21
1-43. Replacing Solid-Type Spars With Laminated-Type Spars........................................................................1-16
AC 43.13-1B 9/8/98
CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
CHAPTER 1. WOOD STRUCTURE
Paragraph Page

1-44. Spar Longitudinal Cracks and Local Damage............................................................................................1-16


Figure 1-10. Method of Reinforcing a Longitudinal Crack and/or Local Damage in a Solid Spar.........1-22
1-45. Elongated Holes in Spars ...........................................................................................................................1-18
1-46. Rib Repairs .................................................................................................................................................1-18
Figure 1-11. Repair of Wood Ribs ...........................................................................................................1-23
Figure 1-12. Typical Wing Compression Rib Repairs .............................................................................1-24
1-47. Plywood Skin Repair..................................................................................................................................1-20
1-48. Determination of Single or Double Curvature ...........................................................................................1-20
1-49. Repairs to Single Curvature Plywood Skin................................................................................................1-20
Table 1-2. Minimum Recommended Bend Radii for Aircraft Plywood...............................................1-25
1-50. Repairs to Double Curvature Plywood Skin ..............................................................................................1-22
1-51. Types of Patches.........................................................................................................................................1-25
Figure 1-13. Splayed Patch.......................................................................................................................1-27
Figure 1-14. Surface Patches ....................................................................................................................1-28
Figure 1-15. Scarf Patches (Back of Skin Accessible).............................................................................1-29
Figure 1-16. Scarf Patches (Back of Skin Not Accessible)......................................................................1-30
Figure 1-17. Oval Plug Patch Assembly...................................................................................................1-32
Figure 1-18. Round Plug Patch Assembly................................................................................................1-33
1-52. Fabric Patch ................................................................................................................................................1-31
1-53.1-63. [RESERVED.]............................................................................................................................ 1-33

SECTION 5. FINISHING WOOD STRUCTURES

1-64. General........................................................................................................................................................1-35
1-65. Acceptable Finishes....................................................................................................................................1-35
1-66. Precautions..................................................................................................................................................1-35
1-67. Finishing of Interior Surfaces .....................................................................................................................1-36
1-68. Finishing of Exterior Surfaces....................................................................................................................1-36
1-69. Finishing of End Grain Surfaces ................................................................................................................1-36
1-70. Finishing with Fabric or Tape ....................................................................................................................1-37
1-71. Sealing of Bolt Holes..................................................................................................................................1-37
1-72.1-79. [RESERVED.]............................................................................................................................ 1-37

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