SECTION I

PLAN OF EXAMINATION
1. The competitive examination comprises two successive stages:
(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for the selection of candidates for
Main Examination; and
(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for the selection of candidates for
the Meghalaya Civil Service.
2. The Main Examination will consist of written examination and an interview test. The written
examination will consist of 8 papers of conventional essay type in the subjects set out in
sub-section (B) of Section II out of which one paper will be of qualifying in nature. Marks
obtained in Interview for Personality Test will be counted for ranking.
3. Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the Main Examination (written part as well as
interview) would determine their final ranking.

SECTION II

Scheme and subjects for the Preliminary and Main Examination.

A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION:
The Examination shall comprise of two compulsory Papers of 200 marks each.
Note:
(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions)
(ii) The General Studies Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a
qualifying paper
(iii) Details of the syllabi are indicated in Part A of Section III.

B. MAIN EXAMINATION:

The written examination will consist of the following papers:-

QUALIFYING PAPER

Paper English 300 Marks

PAPERS TO BE COUNTED FOR MERIT

Paper I Essay 250 Marks

Paper II General Studies I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the
World and Society) 250 Marks

Paper III General Studies II (Governance, Constitution. Polity, Social Justice and
International Relations) 250 Marks

Paper IV General Studies III (Technology, Economic Development, Bio Diversity,

Environment, Security and Disaster Management) 250 Marks

Paper V General Studies IV (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude) 250 Marks

Paper VI One Optional Subject from the

Paper VII list of Optional Subjects of Main Examination (250 Marks each paper)
- -500 Marks

Sub Total (Written Test) -1750 Marks

Personality Test - 275 Marks
Grand Total - 2025 Marks

Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of
subjects.
Note:
(i) The paper on English (Paper A) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will
be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in this paper will not be counted
for ranking.
(ii) Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit
ranking.

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2. LIST OF OPTIONAL SUBJECTS FOR MAINS EXAMINATION

(l)Agriculture
(2) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
(3) Anthropology
(4) Botany
(5) Chemistry
(6) Civil Engineering
(7) Commerce & Accountancy
(8) Economics
(9) Education
(10) Electrical Engineering
(11) English
(12) Garo
(13) Geography
(14) Geology
(15) Hindi
(16) History
(17) Khasi
(18) Law
(19) Management
(20) Mathematics
(21) Mechanical Engineering
(22) Medical Science
(23) Philosophy
(24) Physics
(25) Political Science and International Relations
(26) Psychology
(27) Public Administration
(28) Sociology
(29) Statistics
(30) Zoology.

Note: (i) The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type.
(ii) Each paper will be of three hours duration.
(iii)The details of the syllabi are in part B of section III.

C. INTERVIEW TEST

The candidate will be interviewed by the Commission who will have before them a
record of his career. He will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object
of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public
service by the Commission. The test is intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate.
In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also
social traits and his interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are
mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of
judgment, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership,
intellectual and moral integrity.

2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a

natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental
qualities of the candidate.

3. The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or general
knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers.
Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special
subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both
within and outside their own State or Country as well as in modern currents of thought and
in view discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well educated youth.

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 SECTION III
SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION

Part A- Preliminary Examination

Paper I (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

Current events of national and international importance

History of India and Indian National Movement.
Indian and World Geography - Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the
World
Indian Polity and Governance - Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc
Economic and Social Development - Sustainable Development, Poverty,
Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
General Science.

Paper II (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

Comprehension
Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision-making and problem solving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level),
Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. - Class X level)

Note I: Paper II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examinations will be a qualifying

with minimum qualifying marks.

Note II: The questions will be of multiple choice objective type.

Note III: It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the papers of Civil Services
(Prelim) examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate will be
disqualified in case he/ she does not appear in both the papers of the Preliminary
Examination.

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 Part B- Main Examination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth
of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.
The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V)
will be such that a person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions
will be such as to test a candidates general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have
relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidates basic
understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-
economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and
succinct answers.
The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the
examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. a level higher than the Bachelors Degree
and lower than the Masters Degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level
corresponds to the bachelors degree.
Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination
are given as follows:-

QUALIFYING PAPER

Paper A English 300 Marks

The aim of the paper is to test the candidates ability to read and understand serious
discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly in English.
The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows
(i) Comprehension of given passages
(ii) Precis Writing
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary
(iv) Short Essays

Note 1: The paper on English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of
qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in this paper will not be counted for
ranking.

PAPERS TO BE COUNTED FOR MERIT

Paper I Essay 250 Marks

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to
keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to
write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Paper II General Studies I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the
World and Society ) 250 Marks

Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the
present- significant events personalities, issues
The Freedom Struggle its various stages and important contributors/contributions
from different parts of the country
Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country
History of the world will include industrial revolution, world wars, colonization,
decolonization political philosophies like communism, capitalism socialism etc
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India
Role of women and women's organization, population and associated issues,
poverty and developmental urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Effects
of globalization on Indian society.
Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Salient features of world's physical geography.
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic
activity, cyclone etc geographical features and their location-changes in critical
geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna
and the effects of such changes.

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Paper III General Studies II (Governance, Constitution. Polity, Social Justice and
International Relations) 250 Marks

Indian Constitution-historical underpinnings evolution, features, amendments,

significant provisions and basic structure
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges
pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local
levels and challenges therein
Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and
institutions
Parliament and State legislatures Structure functioning, conduct of business,
powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries
and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal
associations and their role in the Polity
Salient features of the Representation of People's Act
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers functions and responsibilities
of various Constitutional Bodies
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and
States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and
Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating
to Health, Education Human Resources.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger Important aspects of governance,
transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models successes,
limitations, and potential; citizens charters transparency & accountability and
institutional and other measures.
Role of civil services in a democracy.
India and its neighborhood- relations.
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
affecting India's interests

Paper IV General Studies III (Technology, Economic Development, Bio Diversity,

Environment, Security and Disaster Management) 250 Marks

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning mobilization, of resources, growth,

development and employment.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it
Government Budgeting
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of
irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
produce and issues and related constraints technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;
Public Distribution System objectives, functioning limitations, revamping issues of
buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance location,
upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Land reforms in India
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their
effects on industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in
everyday life.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-
technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation environmental impact
assessment.
Disaster and disaster management Linkages between development and spread of
extremism.

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 Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media
and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber
security; money-laundering and its prevention.
Security challenges and their management in border areas linkages of organized
crime with terrorism.
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

Paper V General Studies IV (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude ) 250 Marks

This paper will include questions to test the candidates attitude and approach to
issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to
various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society Questions may utilise the
case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be
covered:-
Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics
in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships Human
Values lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values
Attitude: content, structure, function its influence and relation with thought and
behavior; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service integrity, impartiality and non-
partisanship, objectivity dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion
towards the weaker-sections
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and
problems; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance;
accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in
governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of
governance and probity ; Information sharing and transparency in government Right to
Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes Conduct, Citizen's Charters, Work culture, Quality of
service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on above issues.

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 PAPER VI & PAPER VII
Optional Subject Papers I and II
Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of
Optional Subjects given in Para 2

Agriculture - Optional
of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam
Paper-I
1. Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and
conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production.
Climatic elements as factors of crop growth, impact of changing environment on cropping
pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to
crops, animals, and humans. Climate change international convention and global initiatives,
Green house effects and Global Warming, Advance tools for ecosystem analysis Remote
Sensing (RS)and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
2. Cropping pattern in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding
and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping pattern'. Concepts of multiple cropping,
multistorey, relay and inter-cropping, and their importance in relation to food production.
Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar,
commercial and fodder crops grown during Kharif and Rabi seasons in different regions of the
country.
Important features, scope and propagation of various types of forestry plantations such as
extension, social forestry, agro-forestry, and natural forests.
Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their
multiplication; cultural, biological and chemical control of weeds.
3. Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil
formation. Modern classification of Indian soils. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and
their role in maintaining soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial
elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility and its evaluation for judicious fertiliser
use, integrated nutrient management. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in
submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Fixation of phosphorus and potassium in soils
and the scope for their efficient use. Problem soils and their reclamation methods.
Soil conservation planning on watershed basis. Erosion and run-off management in hilly, foot
hills, and valley lands; processes and factors affecting them. Dryland agriculture and its
problems. Technology of stabilising agriculture production in rainfed agriculture area.
4. Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations,
ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Drip and sprinkler irrigation.
Drainage of water-logged soils, Irrigation projects in India, quality of irrigation water, effect of
industrial effluents on soil and water pollution.
5. Farm management, scope, important and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum
resources use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems.
6. Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs, price fluctuations and their cost;
role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors
affecting them. Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence. Price
fluctuations and their cost, role of cooperatives in Agricultural economy, Agricultural price
policy, Crop Insurance.

7. Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension

programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small, and marginal farmers and
landless agricultural labourers; farm inchanization and its role in agricultural productional and
rural employment. Training programmes for extension workers; lab-to-land programmes. Role
of Krishi Vigyan kendras (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural Technology. Non-Government
Organisation(NGO) and self help group for rural development.

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 Paper-II

1. Cell Theory, cell structure, cell organelle and their function, cell division, nucleic acids-
structure and function, gene structure and function. Laws of heredity, their significance in
plant breeding. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over,
and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids.
Mutation-micro and macro and their role in crop improvement. Variation, components of
variation. Heritability. sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop
improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influence and sex-limited characters.
2. History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin
and evolution of crop plants, centre of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic
resources-conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding to the
improvement of major field crops. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent
selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Hybrid vigour and its
exploitation, backcross method of breeding, breeding for disease and pest resistance, role of
interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of biotechnology in plant breeding. Improved
varieties, hybrids, composites of various crop plants.
3. Seed production and processing technologies. Seeds certification Seed testing and
storage DNA finger printing and seed registration, Role of public and private sectors in seed
production and marketing, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its
impact on Agriculture.
4. Physiology and its significance in agriculture. Imbibition, surface tension, diffusion and
osmosis. Absorption and translocation of water. transpiration and water economy.
5. Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis-modern concepts and factors affecting the
process, aerobic and an aerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate,
protein and fat metabolism.
6. Growth and development, photoperiodism and vernalization Auxins, hormones, and other
plant regulators and their mechanism of action and importance in agriculture. Physiology of
seed development and germination; dormancy.
7. Climatic requirements and cultivation of major fruits, plants, vegetable crops and flower
plants; the package of practices and their scientific basis. Handling and marketing problems
of fruit and vegetables. Principal methods of preservation of important fruits and vegetable
products, processing techniques and equipment. Role of fruits and vegetables in human
nutrition. Raising of ornamental plants, and design and layout of lawns and gardens.
8. Diseases and pests of field vegetables, orchard and plantation crops of India. Causes
and classification of plant pests and diseases. Principles of control of plant pests and
diseases Biological control of pests and diseases. Integrated pest and disease management.
Epidemiology and forecasting. Pesticides, their formulations and modes of action.
Compatibility with rhizoidal inoculants. Microbial toxins. Storage pests and diseases of
cereals and pulses, and their control.
9. Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population
vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies, Production,
procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of foodgrains, per capita expenditure on food.
Trends in poverty, Public Distributions System and Below poverty Line population. Targeted
Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization. Processing
constrains. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption
pattern. Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency Micro
nutrient deficiency : Protein Energy Malnutrition or protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM),
Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food
grain productivity and food security.

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 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper I

1. Animal Nutrition-Energy sources, energy, metabolism and requirements for maintenance

and production of milk, meat, eggs and wool. Evaluation of feeds as sources of energy.

1.1. Trends in protein nutrition: sources of protein metabolism and synthesis, protein
quantity and quality in relation to requirements. Energy protein ratios in ration.

1.2. Minerals in animal diet : Sources, functions, requirements and their relationship of the
basic minerals nutrients including trace elements.

1.3. Vitamins, Hormones and Growth Stimulating, substances : Sources, functions,

requirements and inter-relationship with minerals.

1.4 Feed additives - Methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones,

oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and
abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics latest concepts.

1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances
in feed technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in
livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials direct, indirect
and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.

1.6. Advances in Ruminant Nutrition-Dairy Cattle: Nutrients and their metabolism with
reference to milk production and its composition. Nutrient requirements for calves,
heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes. Limitations of various feeding systems.

1.7 Advances in ruminant nutrition, poultry-nutrients and their metabolism with

reference to poultry, meat and egg production, Nutrients requirements and feed
formulation and broilers at different ages.

1.8 Advances in Non-Ruminant Nutrition-Swine-Nutrients and their metabolism with special

reference to growth and quality of meat production, Nutrient requirement and feed
formulation for baby-growers and finish pigs.

1.9. Advances in Applied Animal Nutrition: A critical review and evaluation of feeding
experiments, digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and measures of food
energy. Nutrition requirements for growth, maintenance and production. Balanced
rations.

2. Animal Physiology

2.1 Growth and Animal Production :- Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation,
growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body
composition, meat quality.

2.2 Milk Production and Reproduction and Digestion : Current stains of hormonal
control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female
reproduction organ, their components and function. Digestive organs and their functions.

2.3 Environmental Physiology : Physiological relations and., their regulation; mechanisms

of adaption, environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved in animal
behaviour, methods of controlling climatic stress.

2.4 Semen quality : Preservation and Artificial Insemination-Components of semen,

composition of spermatozoe, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen,
factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and

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 quality preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted
semen. Deep Freezing techniques in cows, sheep and goats, swine and poultry.
Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception.
3. Livestock Production and Management : 3.1 Commercial Dairy Farming-Comparison of
dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under fixed farming and as a
specialised farming, economic dairy farming, Starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land
requirement, organisation of the dairy farm.
Procurement of goods; opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of
dairy animal, Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production; pricing policy; Personnel
Management. Developing Practical and Economic ration for dairy cattle; supply of greens
throughout the year, field and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm, Feeding regimes for day
and young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals, new trends in feeding young and
adult stock; Feeding records.
3.2. Commercial meat, egg and wool production: Development of practical and economic
rations for Sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding
regimens for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and
management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.
3.3. Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.
4. Genetics and Animal Breeding : Mitosis and Meiosis; Mendelian inheritance;
deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex
determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism;
Chromosome aberrations; Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic
code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology, Mutations, types of mutations,
methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate.
4.1 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding: Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits;
Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces
changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory pf path coefficient;
Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective
population size; Breeding value, carnation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic
deviation; partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X
environment interaction; Role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
4.2 Breeding Systems : Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations,
their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative
merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of
selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic
gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and Correlated response;
Inbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for
commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for
threshold character.

Paper-II

1 Health and Hygiene

1.1. Histology and Histological Techniques : Stains-Chemical classification of stains
used in biological work-principles of staining tissues-mordants-progressive & regressive
stains-differential staining of cytoplasmic and connective tissue elements-Methods of
preparation and processing of tissues-celloidin embedding-Freezing microtomy- Microscopy-
Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organells &
inclusions; cell division-cell types-Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult
tissues-Comparative histology of organs:- vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory,
musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems-Endocrine glands-Integuments-sense organs.
1.2. Embryology : Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic
mammals-gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes & placentation-types of
placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twin & twinning-organogenesis-germ layer
derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.

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1.3 Bovine Anatomy-Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy of
salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar, mental &
coronal nerve block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median,
ulnar & radial nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in
epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus & their
application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowls : Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to
respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health
and disease.
1.5.1 Blood constituents : Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin
synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties;
coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-
Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in
disease diagnosis.
1.5.2. Circulation: Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle-heart sounds, heart beat,
electrocardiograms, Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function-metabolism
of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress
on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, Osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor
regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary & pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier-
Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.
1.5.3 Respiration ; Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural
control of respiration-chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
1.5.4 Excretion: Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine methods of studying
renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance; physiological constituents of urine-renal
failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary recreation in chicken-Sweat glands and their
function. Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.

1.5.5 Endocrine glands- : Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of
hormones, mechanism and control of secretion-hormonal receptors-classification and
function.
1.6. General knowledge of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs : Cellular level of
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics-Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance-
drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system-Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative
anaesthetics -Autocoids-Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial-injections-
use of harmonics in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections-Drug and economic
persons in the. Edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.

1.7. Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation : Assessment of
pollution of water, air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health-effect of environment on
animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization and animal agriculture-
animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant
cows & sows, milking cows, broiler birds-stress, strain & productivity in relation to animal
habitation.

2. Animal Diseases :

2.1 Pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infection

diseases of cattle, pigs and poultry, horses, sheep and goats.

2.2 Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, pig and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.

2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific condition like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhea,
Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning.

2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

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2.6 Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-hard
immunity-disease free zones-'zero' disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.

2.7 Anesthesia-local, regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical

interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking, abomassal displacement-Caesarian
operations. Rumenotomy-Castrations.

2.8 Disease investigation techniques-Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment

Animal Health Centre - Disease free zone.

3. Veterinary Public Health

3.1 Zoonoses : Classification, definition; role of animals and birds in prevalence and
transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases.'

3.2. Epidemiology : Principles, definition of epidemiological terms, application of

epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control, Epidemiological
features of air, water and food borne infections.

3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence : Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and
prevention of animal diseases-state and control Rules for prevention of animal and animal
product borne diseases-S.P. C.A.-veterolegal cases-certificates-Materials and Methods of
collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.

4 Milk and Milk Products Technology :

4.1 Milk Technology : Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw
milk. Quality, testing and grading raw milk, Quality storage grades of whole milk. Skimmed
milk and cream.
Processing, packaging, storing, distributing, marketing defects and their control and nutritive
properties of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized,
homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks,
cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured
and sterilized milks. Legal .standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for
the milk plant equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology : Selection of raw materials, assembling, production,
processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as Butter, Ghee, Khoa,
Channa, Cheese; Condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food; Ice cream and Kulli; by
products; whey products, buttermilk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk
products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control nutritive properties.
Packaging, processing and operational control Costs.
5. Meat Hygiene and Technology : 5.1 Meat Hygiene :
5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing
operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and
judgement of carcass meat cuts-grading of carcass meat cuts-duties and functions of
Veterinarians in Wholesome meat production.
5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat-spoilage of meal and control
measures-Post slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence
them-quality improvement methods-Adulteration of meat and detection-Regulatory provisions
in Meat trade and Industry.
5.2. Meat Technology
5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of preservation
of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meal and meat products; meat products and
formulations.
5.3. By products : Slaughter house by products and their utilization-Edible and inedible
byproducts-social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house
byproducts-Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.

12
5.4. Poultry Products Technology : Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry
meat, pre slaughter care and management Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation
of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and
maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
5.5. Rabbit/Fur Animal farming : Care and management of rabbit meat production. Disposal
and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste byproducts. Grading of wool.
6. Extension : Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different
Methods adopted to educate farms under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its
transfer and feedback.
Problems of constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural
development.

Anthropology Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper I

1.1 Meaning and scope of Anthropology

1.2 Relationship with other disciplines: Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Earth
Sciences, History, Economics, Sociology, Psychology, Political Science, Life Science,
Medical Science.

1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance

a) Social-cultural Anthropology
b) Physical and biological Anthropology c) Archaeological Anthropology.

1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man.

Organic Evolution-Theories of evolution in historical perspective, pre-Darwinian,

Darwinian and Post-Darwinian period. Modern synthetic theory of evolution; brief outline
of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll's rule, Cope's rule, Gause's rule,
parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, mosaic evolution); Principles of systematics
and taxonomy, major primate taxo, tertiary and quaternary fossil primates, Systematics of
Hominoidea and Hominidac, Origin and evolution of man-Homo erectus and Homo
sapiens'.

1.5 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and distribution of the following:

a) Plio-preleistocene fossil primates-Oreopithecus.

b) South and East African hominids-Plesianthropus/Australopithecus Africaus,

Paranthropus, Australopithecus.

c) Paranthropus-Homo erectus-Homo ercctus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis.

d) Homo Heidelbergensis.

e) Neanderthal man-La-chapelle-au-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmelites types

(Progressive type).

f) Rhodesian man

g) Homo sapiens-Cromagnon, Grimaldi, Chancelede.

Recent advances in understanding the evolution, distribution and multidisciplinary

approach to understand a fossil type in relation to others.

13
1.5 Evolutionary trend and classification of the order Primates, Relationship with other
mammals, molecular evolution of Primates, Comparative anatomy of man and apes,
primate locomotion-terrestrial and arboreal adaptation, skeletal changes due to erect
posture and its implications.

1.7 Cultural Evolution-broad outlines of pie-historic cultures:

a) Paleolithic
b) Mesolithic
c) Neolithic
d) Chalcolithic
e) Copper--Bronze age f) Iron age

2.1 Family-Definition and typology of" family, household and domestic groups. Basic
structure and functions; stability and changes in family. Typological and processual
approaches to the study of family. impact of urbanization, industrialization, education
and feminist movements. Universality of family-a critique.

2.2 Concept of kinship : Definition of kin, incest prohibition exogamy and endogamy.
Principles of descent-types and functions. Political and jurat aspects of kinship. Unilineal,
bilateral and double descent. Descent, filiation and complementary filiation. Kinship
terminology, typology and approaches to the study of terminology Alliance and descent.

2.3 Marriage -Definition, types and variation of marriage systems. Debates on the universal
definition of marriage. Regulation of marriage-preferential, prescriptive, proscriptive and
open systems. Types and form of marriage Dowry, bride-price, pestation and marriage
stability.

3.1 Study of culture, patterns and processes. Concept of culture, patterns of culture,
relationships between culture and civilization and society.

3.2 Concept of Social Change and Cultural Change:

3.3 Social structure and social organization. Role-analysis and social network. Institutions,
groups community. Social stratification: principles and form, status, class and power,
gender. Nature and types of mobility.

3.4 Concept of Society: Society and Culture, Social Institution, Social Groups and Social
stratification.

3.5 Approaches to the study of culture and society-classical evolutionism, eco-evolutionism,

culture ecology, historical particularism and diffusionism, structural-factionalism, culture
and personality, transaction-alism, symbolism, cognitive approach and new
ethnography, post structuralism and post-modernism.

4.1 Definitions and functions of religion. Anthropological approaches to the study of religion-
evolutionary, psychological and functional. Magic, witchcraft and sorcery; definitions and
functions and functionaries: priest, shaman, medicine man and sorcerers. Symbolism in
religion and rituals. Ethnomedicine. Myths and rituals: definitions and approaches to their
study-structural, functional and processual relation with economic and political .structures.

5.1 Meaning, scope and relevance, principles governing production, distribution and
consumption in communities subsisting on hunting-gathering, fishing, pastoralism,
horticulture and other economic pursuits. Fomalist and substantivist debate-Dalton,
Karl-polyanny and Marx approach and New Economic Anthropology.*Exchange: gifts,
barter, trade, ceremonial exchange and market economy.
5.2 Theoretical foundations. Types of political organisations-band, tribe, chiefdom, state,
concept of power, authority and legitimacy. Social control, law and justice in tribal and
peasant societies.

14
6.1 Concepts of developmental Anthropological perspective. Models of development.
Critiques of classical developmental theories. Concepts of planning and planned
development. Concept of participatory development. Culture ecology and sustainable
development. Displacement and rehabilitation.
7.1 Concept of research in anthroplogy, subjectivity and reflexivity in terms of gender class,
ideology and ethics. Distinction between methodology, methods and techniques. Nature
and explanation in anthropological research. Positivistics and non-positivistic approaches.
Comparative methods; nature, purpose and methods of comparison in social and cultural
anthroplogy. Basic techniques of data collection. Interview, participant and other forms of
observation, schedules, questionnaire, case-study Methods, extended casestudy
methods, life histories and secondary sources, oral history, genealogical method,
participatory, learning and assessment (PIA). Participatory rapid assessment (PRA).
Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
8.1 Concept, scope and major branches of human genetics. Its relationship with other
branches of science and medicine.

8.2 Method for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedegree analysis, twin study,
foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyotypc analysis),
biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant
technologies.
8.3 Twin study method-zygosity, heritability estimates, present status of the twin study
method and its applications.
8.4 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal, and
polygenic inheritance in man.
8.5 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg
law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration,
selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous
mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages (statistical
and probability methods for study of human genetics).
8.6 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.
a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders)
b) Sex chromosomal aberrations-Klinefelter (XXY), Turner.(XO), Super female (XXX),
intersex, and other syndromic disorders.
c) Autosomal aberrations-Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counselling, human DNA
profiling, gene mapping and genome study.

8.7 Concept of race in histrogical and biological perspective. Race and racism, biological
basis of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria, racial
traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial
differentiation and race-crossing in man.

8.8 Ethnic groups of mankind-characteristics and distribution in world, racial classification of

human' groups. Principal living peoples of world. Their distribution and characteristic.

8.9 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker-ABO), Rh blood groups, HLA, Hp,
transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse
rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-
economic groups. Impact of smoking air pollutions, alcoholism, drugs and occupational
hazards on health.

9.1 Concepts and Methods of Ecological Anthropology. Adaptation-social and cultural

Deterministic theories-a critique. Resources-biological, non-biological and sustainable
development. Biological adaptation-climatic, environmental, nutritional and genetic.

15
10.1 Relevance in understanding of contemporary society. Dynamics-of ethnicity at rural,
tribal, urban and international levels. Ethnic conflicts and political developments. Concept
of ethnic boundaries. Ethnicity and concept of nation state.

11.1 Concept -of human growth and development-stages of growth-prenatal, natal, infant,
childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.

Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical,

nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.

- Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations-biological and chronological

longevity. Human physique and somatotypes.-Methodologies for growth studies.

12.1 Reproductive biology, demography and population study. Reproductive physiology of

male and female. Biological aspects of human fertility. Relevance of menarche,
menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.

12.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.

12.3 Demographic methods-census, registration system, sample methods, duel reporting
system.
12.4 Population structures and population dynamics.
12.5 Demographic rates and ratios, life table-structure and utility.
12.6 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility natality and mortality.
12.7 Methods of studying population growth.
12.8 Biological consequences of population control and family welfare.
13.1 Anthropology of sports
13.2 Nutritional Anthropology.
13.3 Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments.
13.4 Forensic Anthropology.
13.5 Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction.
13.6 Applied human genetics-Paternity diagnosis genetic counselling and eugenics.
13.7 DNA technology-prevention and cure of diseases.
13.8 Anthropo-genetics in medicine
13.9 Serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
13.10 Application of statistical principles in human genetics and Physical Anthropology.

PAPER II

1. Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization-Pre historic (Paleolithic, Mesolithic

and Neolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Vedic and post-Vedic beginnings.
Contributions of the tribal cultures.
2. Demographic profile of India-Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian
population and their distribution. Indian population, factors influencing its structure
and growth.
3. The basic structure and nature of traditional Indian social system-a critique.
Varnasharam, Purushartha, Karma,Rina and Rebirth. Theories on the origin of
caste system, Jajmani system. Structural basis of inequality in traditional Indian
society. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society.
4. Emergence, growth and development of anthropology in India-contributions of the
19th Century and early 20th, Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of
Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies. Contemporary nature of
anthropological studies in India.
5. Approaches to the study of Indian society and culture-traditional and
contemporary.
5.1 Aspects of Indian village-Social organizations of agriculture, impact of market
economy on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities-social, political and economic status.
6. Tribal situation in India-biogenetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic
characteristics of the tribe populations and their distribution. Problems of the tribal
Communities-land alienation, poverty indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational
facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health and nutrition. Developmental
projects-tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation:
16
 Development of forest policy and tribals, Impact of urbanisation and
industrialization on tribal and rural populations.

7. Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes

and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and
Scheduled Castes. Social change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of
modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures
on tribals and weaker sections. Emergence of ethnicity, tribal movements and
quest for identity. Pseudo-tribalism.

8. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and other religious on tribal societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state-a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other
countries.
9. History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal
development and their implementation. Role of N.G.Os.
9.1 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.
9.2 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism
and ethnic and political movements.

BOTANY - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

PAPER I

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology: Viruses, bacteria, and plasmids-structure and

reproduction. General account of infection, Phytoimmunology. Applications of
microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and pollution control in air, soil and
water.

Important plant diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and

nematodes. Mode of infection and dissemination. Molecular basis of infection and
disease resistance/defence. Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal
toxins.

2. Cryptogams: Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes-structure and reproduction

from evolutionary viewpoint. Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic
potential.

3. Phanerogams: Gymnosperme: Concept of Progymonosperms. Classification and

distribution of Oymnosperms. Salient features of Cycadales, Conferrals and Gnetales,
their structures and reproduction. General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales
and Cordiaitailes.

Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogency.

Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature: Numerical
taxomomy and chemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and
palynology.

Comparative account of various systems of Angiosperm Classification. Study of

angiospermic families-Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae (Cruci-ferac),
Rosaceae, Leguminosac, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocar-paceae, Apiaceae
(Umbelliferae), Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaccae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae,
Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae (Composite), Poaceae (Gramineae), Arecaceae
(Palmac), Liliaceae, Musaceae, Orchidaceae.

Stomata and their types. Anomalous secondary growth, Anatomy of C 3 and C 4

plants.

Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization. Endosperm-

its development and function. Patterns of embryo development. Polyembroyony,
apomixes, Applications of palynology.

17
4. Plant Utility and Exploitation:

Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov's centres of origin. Plants as sources for food,
fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins
and dyes.

Latex, cellulose Starch and their products. Perfumery. Importance of Ethnobotany in

Indian context. Energy plantation. Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.

5. Morphogenesis: Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation. Cell, tissue,

organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybrids. Micropropagation,
Somaclonal variation and its applications, Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods
and their applications.

PAPER-II

1. Cell Biology: Techniques of Cell Biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells-structural

and ultrastructural details. Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall)
and membranes cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport. Structure and
function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, ribosomes, endosomes,
lysosomes, peroxisomes, hydrogenosome). Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex.
Chromatin and nucleosome. Cell signalling and cell receptors. Signal transduction (G-l
proteins, etc.). Mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural
variations in chromosomes and their significance. Study of polytene, lamp brush and
B-chromosomes-structure, behaviour and significance.

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution: Development of genetics, and gene

versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles). Quantitative genetics and multiple factors. Linkage
and crossing over -methods of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping
function). Sex chromosomes and sex linked inheritance, sex determination and molecular
basis of sex differentiation. Mutation (biochemical and molecular basis). Cytoplasmic
inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility). Prions and prion
hypothesis. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Genetic code and
regulation of gene expression. Multigene families.
Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories. Role of RNA in origin and.
evolution.

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics: Methods of plant breeding

introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk
method). Male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes in plant breeding. Micro
propagation and genetic engineering methods of transfer of genes and transgenic crops;
development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding.

Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and
chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson distributions).
Correlation and regression.

4. Physiology and Biochemistry: Water relations, Mineral nutrition and ion transport,
mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis-photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and
carbon pathways including C pathway (photorespiration), C3, C4 and CAM pathways.
Respiration (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation-electron transport chain and
oxidative phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis. Nitrogen fixation and
nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes, energy transfer and energy conservation.
Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments
and phytochrome). Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence. Growth
substances-their chemical nature, role and applications in agri-horticulture, growth indices,
growth movements. Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal). Fruit and seed
physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed. Fruit ripening its molecular
basis and manipulation.

5. Ecology and Plant Geography: Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of

community. Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere. Ecosystems and their conservation.
Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation). Plant indicators, Environment
(Protection) Act.

18
Forest types of India Ecological and economic importance of forests, afforestation,
deforestation and social forestry. Endangered plants, endemism and Red Data Books.
Biodiversity. Convention of Biological Diversity, Sovereign Rights and Intellectual Property
Rights. Biogeochemical cells. Global warming and climate change. Protected Area
Network, farmers rights property rights.

CHEMISTRY - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

PAPER-I

1. Atomic structure :Quantum theory, Heisenberg's uncertainity principle, Schrodinger

wave equation (time independent). interpretation of wave function, particle in one-
dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s, p and d
orbitals.

2. Chemical bonding : Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting

stability of ionic compounds, lattice, energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond, and its
general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments.
Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy. Molecular orbital
theory (LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear molecules: H2+, H2 He2 + to Ne2, NO,
Co, HF, CN BeI12 and CO2. Comparison of valence bond and molecular oribtal theories,
bond order, bond strength and bond length.

3. Solid State :Forms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal systems and
crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures
and unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Bragg's law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close
packing, radious ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values. Structures of
NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2, CdI2 and rutile. Imperfections in crystals, stoichiometric and
nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors. Elementary study of liquid
crystals.

4. The Gaseous state :Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions,
liquefaction of gases and critical phenomena, Maxwell's distribution of speeds,
intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion. Thermal conductivity and
viscosity of ideal gases.

5. Liquid State: Kelvin equation, Surface tension and surface enercy, wetting and contact
angle, interfacial tension and capillary action.

6. Thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics :Thermodynamic systems, states

and processes, work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermo dynamics, work done on
the systems and heat absorbed in different types of processes; calorimetry, energy and
entropy changes in various processes and their temperature dependence.

Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various

process entropy- reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; criteria for
equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst
heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics.

Micro and macro states; canonical ensemble and canonical partition function; electronic,
rotational and vibrational partition functions and thermodynamic quantities; chemical equilibrium in
ideal gas reactions.

7. Phase equilibria and solutions : Phase equilibria in pure substances; Clausius-

Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary
systems, partially miscible liquids-upper and lower critical solution temperatures, partial
molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions
and their determination.

19
8. Electrochemistry : Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel
limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties. Galvanic cells, concentration
cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells
and batteries.

Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current
density; over potential; electro analytical techniques-voltameter, polarography, ampero-
metry, cyclic-voltametry, ion selective electrodes and their use.

9. Chemical kinetics : Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; differential and

integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions. Rate
equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; effect of
temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and
relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

10. Photochemistry: Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes;

photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

11. Surface phenomena and catalysis : Absorption from gases and solutions on solid
adsorbents, adsorption isotherms,-Langmuir and B.E.T. isotherms; determination of
surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

12. Bio-inorganic chemistry : Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-
transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), ionospheres, photosynthesis
PSI, PSIl; nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.

13. Coordination chemistry :

(a) Electronic configurations; introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal

complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of
theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.

(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination

compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate
effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution
reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
(c) Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and
metal nitrosyl compounds.
(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin
complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation,
oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their
characterization. Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.
(e) Main Group Chemistry : Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic
phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen compouns, Sulphur nitrogen
compounds, noble gas compounds.
14. General chemistry of f block elements : Lanthanides and actinides; separation,
oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.

Paper-II

1. Delocalised covalent bonding : Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes,

tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.
2 (a) Reaction mechanisms : General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of
mechanism or organic reactions illustrated by examples-use of isotopes, cross-over
experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy diagrams of simple organic
reactions-transition states and intermediates; energy of activation; thermodynamic control
and kinetic control of reactions.
(b) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of
carboniumions and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
20
(c) Substitution reactions : SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1/, SN2/, SNi/ and SRN1 mechanisms;
neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic
compound, including simple heterocyclic compounds-pyrrole, furan thiophene, indole.
(d) Elimination reactions : El, E2 and Elcb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions-
Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination-acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope
eliminations.
(e) Addition reactions : Electrophilic addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addition to
C=O, C=N; conjugated oletins and carbonyls.
(i) Rearrangements : Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger,
Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

3. Pericyclic reactions : Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules

clectrocyclic reactions, cycloaddilion reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3;
3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.

4.Chemistry and mechanism of reaction : Aldol condensation (including directed aldol

condensation), Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting,
Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and
acyloin condensations, Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski,
Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

5. Polymeric Systems

(a) Physical chemistry of polymers : Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic

properties; number and weight average molecular weights of polymers. Determination of
molecular weights by sedimentation, light scattering, osmotic pressure, viscosity, end
group analysis methods.

(b) Preparation and properties of polymers : Organic polymers polyethylene,

polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.
Inorganic polymers-phosphonitrilic halides, borazines, silicones and silicates.

(c) Biopolymers: Basic bonding in proteins, DNA and RNA.

6. Synthetic uses of reagents : OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6,
Na-liquid NH3, LiAIH4 NaBH4, n-BuLi, MCPBA.

7. Photochemistry: Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and

ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

8. Principles of spectroscopy and applications in structure elucidation

(a) Rotational Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

(b) Vibrational - Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic, molecules, specific frequencies of

functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

(c) Electronic : Singlet and triplet states n and * transitions; application to

conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls-Woodward-Fieser rules.

(d) Nuclear magnetic resonance: Isochronous and anisochronous protons; chemical

shift and coupling constants; Application of H1 NMR to simple organic molecules.

(e) Mass spectrometry: Parent peak, base peak, daughter peak, metastable peak,
fragmentation of simple organic molecules; McLafferty rearrangement.

21
 Civil Engineering - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-1

Part-A

1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.

1.1. Engineering Mechanics : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of

Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent and parallel forces
in a plane, moment of force and Varignon's theorem, free body diagram, conditions of
equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.

First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia. Static Friction, Inclined Plane
and bearings. Kinematics and Kinetics :

Kinematics in Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform
acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles,
D' Alernbert's Principle, Collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple
harmonic motion, Flywheel.

1. 2. Strength of Materials : Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded
compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending,
Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength, Leaf spring.
Strain Energy in direct stress, bending & shear.

1. 3. Deflection of beams : Mecaulay's method, Mohr's Moment area method, Conjugate

beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Transmission of power, close coiled
helical springs. Elastic stability of columns, Euler's Rankine's and Secant formulae.
Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohr's Circle, Theories of Elastic
Failure, Thin and Thick cylinder : Stresses due to internal and external pressure-Lame's
equations.

1.4. Structural Analysis : CastigIianio's theorems I and II, unit load method of consistent
deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment
distribution, Kani's method of analysis and column Analogy method applied to
indeterminate beams and rigid frames.

1.5. Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending
moment at a section of beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in
beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane
pin jointed trusses.

1.6. Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature
effects, influence lines in arches.

1.7. Matrix methods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of
indeterminate beams and rigid frames.

1.8. Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis,
statical method, Median method.

1.9. Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral

Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses.

22
 Part-B

2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures.

2.1 Structural Steel Design : Structural Steel : Factors of safety and load factors.
Riveted, bolted and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression
member, beams of built up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders,
stancheons with battens and lacings, slab and gusseted column bases.
2.2 Design of highway and railway bridges : Through and deck type plate girder,
Warren girder, Pratt truss. Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :
2.3 Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit Stale
method of design Recommendations of LS. codes Design of one way and two way slabs,
stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections.
Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, Isolated and
combined footings.Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls.
2.4 Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on
ground.
2.5 Prestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis
and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of
brick masonry as per I.S. Codes, design of masonry retaining walls.

Part-C

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines

3.1 Fluid Mechanics : Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including
forces acting on plane and curve-surfaces.

3.2 Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines,
equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream
functions, flownet, methods of drawing flownet, sources and sinks, flow separation, free
and forced vortices.
Control volume equation, continuity, momentum, energy and moment of momentum
equations from control volume equation, Navier-Stokes equation, Euler's equation of
motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, plane, curved, stationary and moving
vanes, sluice gates, weirs, orifice meters and Venturi meters.
3.3 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude : Buckingham's Pi-theorem, dimensionless
parameters, similitude theory, model laws, undistorted and distorted models.
3.4 Laminar Flow : Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow
through tube.
3.5 Boundary layer : Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar
sublayer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift.
3.6 Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution
and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line, siphons,
expansion and contractions in pipes, pipe networks, water hammer in pipes and surge
tanks.
3.7 Open channel flow : Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy
correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance equations
and variation of roughness coefficient, rapidly varied flow, Flow in contractions, flow at
sudden drop, hydraulic jump and its applications surges and waves, gradually varied flow,
classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow
equation, moving surges and hydraulic bore.

23
3.8 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower : Centrifugal pumps-Types, characteristics, Net
Positive Suction Height (NPSH), specific speed. Pumps in parallel.
Reciprocating pumps, Airvessels, Hydraulic ram, efficiency parameters, Rotary and positive
displacement pumps, diaphragm and jet pumps.
Hydraulic turbines, types classification. Choice of turbines, performance parameters,
controls, characteristics, specific speed.
Principles of hydropower development. Type, layouts and Component works. Surge tanks,
types' and choice. Flow duration curves and dependable flow. Storage and pondage.
Pumped storage plants. Special features of mini, micro-hydel plants.

Part-D
4. Geotechnical Engineering
Types of soil, phase relationships, consistency limits particles size distribution,
classifications of soil, structure and clay mineralogy.
Capillary water and structural water, effectives trees and pore water pressure, Darcy's Law,
factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability of stratified soil
deposits.
Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation, Terzaghi's
theory of one dimensional consolidation, consolidation test.

Compaction of soil, field control of compaction. Total stress and effective stress parameters,
pore pressure coefficients.

Shear strength of soils, Mohr Coulomb failure theory. Shear tests.

Earth pressure at rest, active and passive pressures, Rankine's theory, Coulomb's wedge
theory, earth pressure on retaining wall, shcetpile walls, Braced excavation.

Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross bearing pressure.
Immediate and consolidation settlement.

Stability of slope, Total Stress and Infective Stress methods. Conventional methods of
slices, stability number.

Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, penetration tests, pressure meter

tests.

Essential features of foundation, types of foundation, design criteria, choice of type of

foundation, stress distribution in soils, Businesss theory, New mark's chart, pressure bulb,
contact pressure, applicability of different bearing capacity theories, evaluation of bearing
capacity from field tests, allowable bearing capacity, Settlement analysis, allowable
settlement.

Proportioning of footing, isolated and combined footings, rafts, buoyancy rafts, Pile
foundation, types of piles, pile capacity, static and dynamic analysis, design of pile groups,
pile load lest, settlement of piles, lateral capacity. Foundation for Bridges. Ground
improvement techniques preloading, sand drains, stone column, grouting, soil stabilization.

24
 Paper-II

Part-A

Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management

1. Construction Technology :

1.1 Engineering Materials : Physical properties of construction materials : Stones, Bricks

and Tiles; Lime, Cement and Surkhi Mortars, Lime Concrete and Cement Concrete,
Properties of freshly mixed and hardened concrete, Flooring Tiles, use of ferro-cement,
fibre-reinforced and polymer concrete, high strength concrete and light weight concrete.
Timber : Properties and uses; defects in timber; seasoning and preservation of timber.
Plastics, rubber and damp-proofing materials, termite proofing. Materials, for Low cost
housing.

1.2 Construction : Building components and their functions; Brick masonry : Bonds,
jointing. Stone masonry. Design of Brick masonry walls as per I.S. codes, factors of safely,
serviceability and strength requirements; plastering, pointing. Types of Floors & Roofs.
Ventilators, Repairs in buildings.

1.3 Functional planning of building : Building orientation, circulation, grouping of areas,

privacy concept and design of energy efficient building; provisions of National Building Code.
Building estimates and specifications; Cost of works; valuation.

2. Construction Equipment : Standard and special types of equipment, Preventive

maintenance and repair, factors affecting the selection of equipment, economical life, time
and motion study, capital and maintenance cost.

2.1 Concreting, equipments : Weigh batcher, mixer, vibration, batching plant, Concrete
pump.

2.2 Earth-work equipment : Power shovel hoe, bulldozer, dumper, trailors, and tractors,
rollers, sheep fool roller.

3. Construction Planning and Management : Construction activity, schedules, job layout,

bar charts, organization of contracting firms, project control and supervision. Cost reduction
measures.

3.1 Network analysis : CPM and PERT analysis. Float Times, cashing of activities,
contraction of network for cost optimization, updating. Cost analysis and resource allocation.

Elements of Engineering Economics, methods of appraisal, present worth, annual cost,

benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and size. Choosing between
alternatives including levels of investments. Project profitability.

Part-B

4. Survey and Transportation Engineering

4.1 Survey : Common methods of distance and angle measurements, plane table survey,
levelling traverse survey, triangulation survey, corrections, and adjustments, contouring,
topographical map. Surveying instruments for above purposes. Tachometry. Circular and
transition curves. Principles of photogrammetry.

4.2 Railways : Permanent way. sleepers, rail fastenings, ballast, points and crossings,
design of turn outs, stations and yards, turntables, signals, and interlocking, level-crossing.
Construction and maintenance of permanent ways : Super elevation, creep of rail, ruling
gradient, track resistance, track effort, relaying of track.

4.3 Highway Engineering : Principles of highway planning. Highway alignments.

Geometrical design : Cross section, camber, super-elevation, horizontal and vertical curves.
Classification of roads : low cost roads, flexible pavements, rigid pavements. Design of
pavements and their construction, evaluation of pavement failure and strengthening.

25
4.4 Drainage of roads : Surface and sub-surface drainage.
4.5 Traffic Engineering : Forecasting techniques, origin and destination survey, highway
capacity. Channelized and un-channelized intersections, rotary design elements, markings,
sign, signals, street lighting; Traffic surveys. Principle of highway financing.

Part-C

5. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :

5.1 Hydrology : Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, depression

storage, infiltration, overland How, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood estimation,
flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingam method.

5.2 Ground water flow : Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability,
confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined
and unconfined conditions, tube wells, pumping and recuperation tests, ground water
potential.

5.3 Water Resources Engineering : Ground and surface water resource, single and
multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir
sedimentation, economics of water resources projects.

5.4 Irrigation Engineering : Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, quality of

water for irrigation, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies.

5.5 Canals : Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment
of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime
theory, critical shear stress, bed load, local and suspended load transport, cost analysis of
lined and unlined canals, drainage behind lining.

5.6 Water logging : causes and control, drainage system design, salinity.

5.7 Canal structures : Design of cross regulators, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts,
metering flumes and canal outlets.

5.8. Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs of permeable and impermeable
foundation, Khosla's theory, energy dissipation, stilling basin, sediment excluders.

5.9 Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity and earth dams,
stability analysis, foundation treatment, joints and galleries, control ojf seepage.

5.10 Spillways : Spillway types, crest gates, energy dissipation.

5.11 River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.

Part-D

6. Environmental Engineering

6.1 Water Supply : Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predicting
demand for water, impurities, of water and their significance, physical, chemical and
bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.

6.2 Intake of water : pumping and gravity schemes. Water treatment : principles of
coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-; rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination,
softening, removal of-taste, odour and salinity.

6.3 Water storage and distribution : storage and balancing reservoirs : types, location and
capacity. Distribution system : layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings, valves including
check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak detection,
maintenance of distribution stems, pumping stations and their operations.

26
 6.4 Sewerage systems : Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage-separate and
combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances,
manholes, inlets, junctions, siphon. Plumbing in public buildings.

6.5 Sewage characterization : BOD, COD, solids; dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC.
Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land

6.6 Sewage treatment : Working principles, units, chambers., sedimentation tanks,

trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge,
recycling of waste water.

6.7 Solid waste : Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-
term ill-effects.

6.8 Environmental Pollution: Sustainable development Radioactive wastes and disposal.

Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air
pollution. Pollution control Acts.

Commerce & Accountancy - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I
Accounting & Finance
Part-I
Accounting, Taxation & Auditing

1. Financial Accounting : Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of

behavioural sciences. Accounting Standards e.g., accounting for depreciation, inventories,
gratuity, research and development costs, long term construction contracts, revenue
recognition, fixed assets, contingencies, foreign exchange transactions, investments and
government grants. Advanced problems of company accounts, Cash Flow Statement,
Earnings per Share. Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies. Valuation of
shares and goodwill. Employees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities. Preparation and
Presentation of Company Final Accounts.

2. Cost Accounting : Nature and functions of cost accounting. Job Costing Process Costing
Marginal Costing; Techniques of segregating semi-variable costs into fixed and variable costs.
Cost-volume-profit relationship; aid to decision making including pricing decisions, shutdown
etc. Techniques of cost control and cost reduction. Budgetary control, flexible budgets.
Standard costing and variance analysis. Responsibility accounting, investment, profit and Cost
centres. Incremental Analysis/Differential costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product
Decisions, Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc.

3. Taxation : Income Tax : Defination. Basis of charge. Incomes which do not form part of
total income. Simple problems of computation of income under various heads, i.e., salaries,
income from house property, profits and gains from business or profession, capital gains,
income of other persons included in assesses's total income. Aggregation of income and set
off/carry forward of loss. Deductions to be made from Gross total Income.

4. Auditing : Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits. Dividents, Special

investigations. Tax audit. Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organization and Charitable
Societies/Trusts/Organizations.

27
 Part-II

5. Business Finance and Financial Institutions.

5.1. Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management-Risk and
Return relationship, Financial Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool.

5.2. Management of Working Capital and its Components: Forecasting working capital
needs, inventory, debtors, cash and credit management.

5.3. Investment Decisions : Nature and Scope of Capital Budgeting-Various types of

decisions including Make or Buy and Lease or Buy-Techniques of Appraisal and their
application-Consideration of Risk and Uncertainty-Analysis of Non-financial Aspects.

5.4. Rate of Return on Investments: Required Rate of Return-its measurement-Cost of

Capital Weighted Average Cost-Different Weights.

5.5. Concepts of Valuation :Valuation of firm's Fixed Income Securities and Common
Stocks. Evident and Retention Policy-Residual Theory or Dividend Policy-Other Models-
Actual Practices.

5.6. Capital Structure : Leverages-Significance or Leverages-Theories of Capital-

Structure with special influence to Modigliani and Miller approach. Planning the Capital
Structure of a Company; EBIT-EPS Analysis. Cash-flow ability to service debt, Capital
Structure Ratios, other methods.

5.7. Raising finance short term and long term : Bank finance-norms and conditions.

5.8. Financial Distress : Approaching BIFR under Sick Industrial Undertakings Act :
Concept of Sickness, Potential Sickness, Cash Loss, Erosion of Network

5.9. Money Markets : The purpose of Money Markets, Money Market in India-Organization
and working of Capital markets in India-Organization, Structure and Role of Financial
Institutions in India. Banks and Investing Institutions-National and International Financial
institutions their norms and types of financial assistance provided-inter-bank lending-its
regulation, Supervision and control. System of Consortium-Supervision and regulation of
banks. Monetary and Credit policy of Reserve Bank of India.

Paper-ll
Organization Theory, Behaviours, Human Resource Management and Industrial
Relations
Part I

Organization Theory

1. Nature and concept of Organization : Organization goals, Primary and secondary

goals, Single and multiple goals, ends means chain-Displacement, succession, expansion
and multiplication of goals-Formal organization, Type, Structure-Line and Staff, functional
matrix, and project-Informal organization-functions and limitations.

2. Evolution of organization theory : Classical, Neo-classical and system approach

Bureaucracy; Nature and basis of power, sources of power, power structure and politics
Organizational behaviour as a dynamic system : technical, social and power systems
interrelations and interaction Perception--Status; system. Theoretical and empirical
foundation of theories and' Models of motivation. Morale and productivity-Leadership :
Theories and styles Management of conflicts in organization-transaction Quality of Work Life
(QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles
(QC).

28
 3. Human Resource Management (HRM): Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human
Resource Plsanning. Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specificaton, Recruitment Process,
Selection Process, Orientational and Placement, Trainng and Development Process
Appraisal and 360O Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Employee
Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separations.

4. Analysis-Significance of culture to organizations: Limits of rationality-Organizational

change, adaptation, growth and development, Professional management Vs. family
management, Organizational control and effectiveness.

Part-II

5. Industrial Relations: Nature and scope of industrial relations, the socio-economic set-
up, need for positive approach. Industrial labour in India and its commitment-Stages of
commitments. Migratory nature merits and shortcoming, Trade Union movement in India-
origin, growth and structure; Attitude and approach of management of India-recognition
Problems before Indian Trade Union movement.

6. Industrial disputes sources: Strikes and lockouts. Compulsory adjudication and

collective bargaining approaches.

7. Worker's participation in management : Philosophy, rationale; present day state of

affairs and future prospects. Prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India.

8. Industrial relations in Public Enterprises: Absenteeism and labour turnover in Indian

Industries-causes and remedies.

9. Relative wages and wage differentials : Wage policy. Wage policy in India; the Bonus
issue. I.L.O. and India, Role of Personnel Department in the Organization.

Economics - Optional

of Parl B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

1. Ricardian, Marshallian and Walrasain approaches to price determination. Types of

Markets and price determination. Criteria or Welfare improvement. Alternate theories of
distribution.

2. Functions of money-Measurement of price level changes-Money and real balances-

Monetary standards-High-powered money and the Quantity theory of money, its
variants and critiques thereof Demand for and supply of money-The money multiplier.
Theories of determination of interest rate-Interest and prices-Theories of inflation and control
of inflation.

3. Full employment and Says' Law-underemployment equilibrium-Keynes' Theory of

employment (and income) determination-Critiques of Keynesian Theory.

4. The modern monetary system-Banks, non-bank financial intermediaries, Discount House,

and Central Rank. Structure of Money and financial markets-and control. Money market
instruments, bills and bonds. Real and nominal interest rates. Goals and instruments of
monetary management in closed and open economies. Relation between the Central Bank
and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.

5. Public finance and its role in market economy in stabilization, supply stability, allocative
efficiency, distribution and development. Sources of revenue-Forms of Taxes and subsidies,
their incidence and effects; Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects, and limits to
borrowing. Types of budget deficits-Public expenditure and its effects.

29
6. International Economics

(i) Old and New theories of International Trade.

a) Comparative advantage, Terms of trade and offer curve.

b) Product cycle and Strategic trade theories.
c) "Trade as an engine of growth" and theories of under-development in an open economy

(ii) Forms of protection: Tariff and quota.

(iii) Balance of Payments Adjustments Alternative Approaches.

a) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.

b) Theories of policy mix.
c) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.
d) Floating Rates and their implications for developing countries; Currency Boards.
(iv) (a) IMF and the World Bank.
(b) W.T.O.: TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.
(c) Trade Blocks and monetary unions.

7. Growth and development.

(i) Theories of growth : Classical and neo-classical theories; The Harrod model; economic
development under surplus Labour; wage-goods as a constraint on growth; relative
importance of physical and human capitals in growth; innovations and development;
Productivity, its growth and source of changes thereof. Factors determining savings to
income ratio and the capital-out put ratio.

(ii) Main features of growth : Changes in Sectoral compositions of income; Changes in

occupational distribution; changes in income distribution; changes in consumption levels
and patterns; changes in savings and investment and in pattern of investment. Case for
arid against industrialization. Significance of agriculture in developing countries.

(iii) Relation between state, planning and growth, changing roles of market and plans in
growth economic policy and growth.

(iv) Role of foreign capital and technology in growth: Economic development and
International Trade and Investment Role of Multinationals. Planning and Economic
Development changing Role of Market and planning, private partnership.

(v) Welfare indicators and measures of growth-Human development indices-The basic

needs approach. Development and Environmental Sustainability : Renewable and
Non renewable Resources, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity
development.

(vi) Concept of sustainable development; convergence of levels of living of developed and

developing countries; meaning of self-reliance in growth and development.

Paper-II

1. Evolution of the Indian Economy till independence. The Colonial Heritage :

Land System & Agriculture, Taxes, Money and credit. Trade, Exchange Rate, the "Drain of
Wealth controversy" of late 19th Century". Randade's critique of Laissez-Faire; Swadeshi
movement; Gandhi and-Hind Swaraj.

2. Indian Economics in Post-Independent: Era-Contributions of Vakil, Gadgil and Rao.

National and per capita Income; Patterns, Trends, Aggregate and sectoral-composition and
changes therein. Broad factors determining National Income and its distribution; Measures
of poverty, fiends in below poverty-line proportion.

3. Agriculture : Institutional set-up of land system size of agriculture holdings and

efficiency : Green Revolution and technological changes-Agricultural prices and terms of
trade-Role of public distribution and farm-subsidies on agricultural prices and production.
Employment and poverty in agriculture-Rural wages-employment schemes-growth
experience-land reforms. Regional disparities in agricultural growth. Role of Agriculture in
export.

30
4. Industry : Industrial system of India : Trends in Composition and growth. Role of public
and private sectors, Role of small and cottage industries.

5. National and Per capital income : Patterns, trends, aggregate and sectoral
composition and changes therein.

6. Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, measures of poverty,

trends in poverty and inequality.

7. The post Liberalization Era :

(i) New Economic Reforms and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food
processing, subsidies, Agricultural prices and public distribution system. Impact
of public expenditure on agricultural growth.

(ii) New Economic policy and Industry : Strategy of industrialization, Privatization,

Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.

(iii) New Economic policy and Trade : Intellectual property rights, and new
EXIM policy.

(iv) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act.

(v) New Economic Policy and Monetary System Role of RBI under the new regime.

(vi) Planning : Relation between planning and markets for growth and decentralized
planning, 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

(vii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employment and poverty, Rural wages,
Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment
Guarantee scheme.

(viii) Causes of inflation-role of monetary and supply factors in price level determination,
policies towards control of inflation. Effects of inflation under open economy.

Education- Optional

of Parl B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper- I

1. Educational Psychology

Concept, Need & Scope of Educational Psychology, Methods of Educational Psychology

(Introspection, Observation, Case Study), Application of Educational Psychology in Teaching
and Learning, Stages of Growth & Development, Adolescent Behaviour : Characteristics,
Problems & Role of Education.
Intelligence : Concept and Nature, Role of Heredity & Environment in Determining
Intelligence, Theories of Intelligence (Two factor & Multiple Intelligence), Creativity : Concept &
Nature, Characteristics of a Creative Person, Promoting Creativity Through Education.
Meaning and Nature of Personality, Type and Trait Approaches to Personality, Factors
Influencing Personality Development, Measurement of Personality, Individual Differences : Its
Educational significance.
Learning : Meaning & Nature, Factors Influencing Learning, Theories of Learning : Trial &
Error, Classical conditioning and Insight Learning, Transfer of Learning.
Guidance : Meaning, Nature, Scope & types, Need & Importance of Educational &
Vocational Guidance Services in Schools, Aptitudes, Interest & Attitudes, Educational
Achievements & Personality Traits.
Meaning, Nature & Scope of Counselling, Types of Counselling, Steps & Techniques of
Counselling.

31
2. Foundations of Education

Education & Philosophy : Concept and their Relationship, Aims Of Education : Individual &
Social, Objectives of Education at Different Levels, Role of Education in the Development of
Human Value.
Idealism, Naturalism, Pragmatism.
Education and Democracy, Freedom & Discipline in Education, Components of Education
and their Mutual relationship.
Nature & Scope of Educational Sociology, Education as a Social Process, Need for
Sociological Approach to Education, School as a Social Sub-system.
Education as an Instrument of Social Change, Education and Modernization, Effect of
Social Changes on Education.
Social Group : Primary & Secondary, Social Interaction & Socialization, Education &
Cultural Heritage of India, Equalization of Educational Opportunities.

3. Educational Thought & Practices

Educational Thought & Practices in Post Vedic Period with reference to Upanishads,
Educational Thought & Practices in Ancient Greece, Educational Thought & Practices in
Ancient Rome.
Education Thoughts Indian Rabindra Nath Tagore, Aurobindo Ghosh, Swami
Vivekananda
Educational thoughtWestern John Comenius, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Bertrand Russell.
Modern Educational Thought Radhakrishnan, J. Krishnamurthy, Paulo Freire.
Froebels Kindergarten, Montessori Method, Deweys Project Method, Gandhis Basic
Education. Distance Education, Non formal and continuing Education, Inclusive Education.

4. Educational Evaluation & Statistics

Concept of Measurement & Evaluation, Distinction Between Measurement & Evaluation,

Process and purpose of Evaluation, Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives under
Cognitive Domain.
Likerts Attitude Scale, Cattels Sixteen Personality Factors (16PF), Standford Binet Test of
Intelligence. Classification of Tests, Concept of Standardized & Teacher Made Test,
Characteristics of a good test, Reliability and Method of Determining Reliability by Test
Retest Method, Validity and Method of Determining Content Validity.
Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Cumulative Frequency Curve, Ogive.
Measures of Central Tendency : Mean Median & Mode, Measures of Dispersion : Range,
Quartile Deviation, Average Deviation and Standard Deviation.
Concept and types of Correlation, Spearmans Rank Difference Method of Correlation,
Normal Probability curve : Concept & characteristics.

Paper- II

1. Educational System in India

Basic Ideas, Objectives , Curriculum, Methods of Teaching & Role of Teachers of the
Following System :- Education in Ancient India : Vedic, Brahmanic & Buddhistic Education,
Education in Medieval India.
Education in Colonial India (1813 1882) Character Act (1813), Macaulays Minute
(1835), Woods Despatch (1854), Hunters Commission (1882)
Indian University Commission (1902), Sadlers Commission (1917), Hartog Committee
(1929), Sargent Report (1944).
Education in the Indian Constitution, University Education Commission (1948-49),
Secondary Education Commission (1952-1953), Indian Education Commission (1964-66) with
Reference to School Education, Knowledge Commission Report (2007) with reference to
Higher education Act (2009)

32
 Concept of National System of Education, Primary Education : Recommendations &
Programme of Action, Secondary Education : Recommendations & Programme of Action,
Higher Education : Recommendations & Programme of Action.
Problems & Issues of Primary Education, Problems & Issues of Secondary Education,
Problems & Issues of Higher Education in Meghalaya.

2. Contemporary Indian Education

Type of Pre-primary schools, Aganwadis Balwadis, Creches Day Care Centres,

Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS), Role of Indian Council for Child Welfare
(ICCW).
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) : Programme for Universalisation of Elementary Education,
Role of Block Resource Centres (BRCS), cluster Resource Centres (CRCS) and village
Education Committees (VECS), Literacy Mission.
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha (RMSA), Vocationalization of Secondary Education, Role of
NCERT, CABE and MBOSE, Navodaya Vidhyalayas : Objectives and Quality Concerns.
Quality & Excellence in Higher Education, Role of UGC, NAAC and AICTE, Knowledge
Commission report 2007 with reference to higher Education, Globalization of Higher
Education.
Concept Need and Scope of Teacher Education, Pre-Service and In-Service Teacher
Education Programmes, Role of DIET, CTE, DERT and NCTE in Teacher Education, Duties
and Responsibilities of a Teacher.
Concept, Need, Scope and Programmes of the following:
Population Education, Environmental Education, Human Rights Education, Women
Empowerment through Education.

3. Educational technology

Concept and Scope of Educational Technology, Types of Educational Technology,

Systems Approach to Instruction.
Concept & Process of Communication, Types of Class Room Communication, Educational
through Mass-Media, ICT in Education.
Programmed Instruction, Computer Aided Instruction, Teaching Aids : Types & Uses.
Teaching : Concepts, Function and Principles, Characteristics of Effective Teaching,
Teaching Operations at various stages.
Methods of Teaching : Lecture, Demonstration, Problem solving and Discussion, Levels of
Teaching : Memory, Understanding and Reflective level, Teacher Behaviour : Authoritarian,
Democratic and Laissez faire.Skills of Teaching, Micro-teaching Team Teaching, Evaluation of
Teaching.

4. School Management

Concept & Scope of School organization Management, Types of Educational Management

: Centralized and Decentralized, Authoritarian & Democratic, Objectives and Principles of
School Management, Characteristics of Successful school Management.
Meaning of Class Room Management, Principles of Class Room Management, Process of
Class Room Management, Techniques of Class Room Management.
School Building and design of school plant, School Library, School laboratory, School
office.
Function of a School, School time Table & Calendar, Teachers Diary, Role of Headmaster
& Teachers, Staff Meeting.
Meaning need & scope of inspection and supervision, Distinction between Inspection &
Supervision, Objectives & function of supervision, Steps of School supervision.
Programmes of a School, Institutional Planning Concept, need, objectives, principles and
process, Organization of Co-curricular Activities, Evaluation of School Programme.

33
 Electrical Engineering - Optional

of Part B - Main Examinational Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

1.Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications : Circuit components; network graphs;

KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems
and applications; transient analysis :, RL RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state
analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-
phase circuits. Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of
network functions. Elements of networks synthesis. Filter-theory : design, and applications.
Active filters. Circuit simulation : Input formats; methods of education formulation; solution of
equations; output formats; SPICE.

2. Signals & Systems : Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals &

systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems
based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace
transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT
Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory : Maxwell's equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary

conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line : Distributed
parameter circuits, travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.
Waveguides : parallel plane guide, TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical
wave guides, resonators. Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.

4. Analog Electronics : Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of

Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and
bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential,
operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers.
OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and
OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics : Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates;

digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits,
code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops,
counters and. shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multi-vibrators. Sample and hold circuits,
ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable
devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion : Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and

emf in rotating machines. DC machines : characteristics and performance analysis;
starting and speed control of motors.

7. Transformers : Principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase

transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and
performance analysis; speed control. Special machines : Stepper motors, brushless dc
motors, permanent magnet motors single-phase motors; FHP.

8. Power Electronics and Electric Drives : Semiconductor power devices ; diode,

transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of
operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and
half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed
control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

9. Analog Communication : Random variables - continuous, discrete; probability,

probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise :
white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio.
Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and
Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrowband FM;
generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system :
Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers,- phase
locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers.
34
10. Microwaves and Antenna : Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves : ground
waves, sky wave, space wave, tropo spheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial
communications. Antenna : Various types, gain, resistance, band-width, beam width and
polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave
antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave Services : Klystron, magnetron, TWT, gun
diodes, Impact; Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated circuits. Microwave measurements.

Paper-II

1. Control Systems : Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop &

closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time-domain and
transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist's criterion,
Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable
representation and analysis of control systems. Principles of discrete-control systems.

2. Electrical Engineering Materials : Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials :

conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction;
solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena;
piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials behaviour and application. Photonic materials :
refractive index, absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and opto-electronic
materials.

3. Microprocessors arid microcomputers :8 - bit microprocessor : architecture, CPU,

module design, memory interfacing, I/O, Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing. IBM PC
architecture : overview, introduction to DOS, Advanced microprocessors.

4. Measurement and Instrumentation :Error analysis; measurement of current voltage,

power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge
measurement. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter,
frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers :
thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezoelectric crystal. Use of transducers in
measurements of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

5. IC Technology :Overview of IC Technology. Unit-steps used in IC fabrication : wafer

cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD
and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and silicon dioxide;
metallisation and passivation.

6. Power Systems : Analysis and Control : Steady-state performance of overhead

transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution;
per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and
power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of
symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability : swing curves and equal
area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission; FACTS. Computer
control and Automation : Introduction to energy control centres; various states of a power
system; SCAD A systems and RTUs. Active power control : Speed control of generators, tie-
line control, frequency control. Economic dispatch

7. Power system protection : Principles of over current, differential and distance protection.
Concept of solid stale relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : Introduction; line
bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

8. Non-conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management : Introduction to the

energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources. Wind-Energy : Basics of Wind
turbine aerodynamics; wind-energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical
grid. Solar-Energy : Thermal conversion : photo-voltaic conversion. Wave-energy. Importance
of Energy Management : Energy audit; energy economics : discount rate, payback period,
internal rate of return, life cycle costing.

9. Digital Communication :Pulse code modulation (PCM), deferential pulse code modulation
(DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude,
phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection
and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source
coding. Data networks, 7-laycr architecture.

35
 10. Satellite Communication, Radar and TV : Satellite Communication : General overview
and technical characteristics., earth station equipment, satellite link design, CNR of Satellite
system. Radar : Basic principles. Pulsed systems : CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar. Phase
array radars. Television Systems : Television systems and standards, Black-and White-and
Colour-TV transmission and receiver systems.

11. Fibre Optic System : Multiplexing - Time division multiplexing. Frequency Division
multiplexing. Optical properties of materials : Refractive index absorption and emission of
light, optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links:

English Literature - OPTIONAL

Of part - B- Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

PAPER I

Answers must be written in English.

Texts of detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate
knowledge of the following topics and movements :

The Renaissance : Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and
the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The
Victorian Age.

SECTION-A

1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest.

2. John Donne. The following poems :
Canonization, Death be not proud, The Good Morrow, On his Mistress going to bed,
The Relic,
3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX
4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.
5. William Wordsworth. The following poems:

Ode on Intimations of Immortality, Tintern Abbey, Three years she grew, She dwelt among
untrodden ways, Michael, Resolution and Independence, The World is too much with us,
Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour, Upon Westminster Bridge.

6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.

7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll's House.

SECTION-B

1.Jonathan Swift. Gulliver's Travels.

2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.
3. Henry-Fielding. Tom Jones.
4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.
5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss.
6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d'Urbervilles.
7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

PAPER-II

Answers must be written in English.

Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate
knowledge of the following topics and movements :

Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama;

Coionialism and Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and
Feminist approaches to literature; Post-Modernism.

36
 SECTION-A

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems:

Easter 1916, The Second Coming, A Prayer for my daughter, Sailing to Byzantium, The
Tower, Among School Children, Leda and the Swan, Menu, Lapis Lazuli, The Second
Coming, Byzantium.

2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems :

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Journey of the Magi, Burnt Norton.

3. W.H. Auden. The following poems :

Partition, Musee des Beaux Arts, In Memory of W.B. Yeats, Lay your sleeping head, my
love, The Unknown Citizen, Consider, Mundus Et Infans, The Shield of Achilles,
September 1,1939, Petition.

4. John Osborne: Look Back in Anger.

5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.
6. Philip Larkin. The following poems: -
Next, Please, Deceptions, Afternoons, Days, Mr. Bleaney.

7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems:

Looking for a Cousin on a Swing, A River, Of Mothers, among other Things, Love
Poem for a Wife 1, Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House, Obituary
(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets,
edited by R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).

SECTION-B
1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim
2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.
4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.
5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs Dalloway.
6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.
7. V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas.

37
 GARO - OPTIONAL

of Part - B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

PAPER-I

1. Traditional Poetry

1. Mande aro Chatchi Dea

2.Dimrimbri Palwang Adingko Katchini Anti kaa
3. Jumang Matpu Nika
4. Gongani Kilbolma Supea
5. Churugala aro Sasat Soa
6. Dakgipa Rabuga
7. Sambolrangni Chachenga
8. Wangala
9. Matdoka ba Matchu Dena
10. Sarao Krita

2. Modern Poetry

1. Mikjumang Agilsak Jonmni D. Shira

2. Angni Gisik Couplane G.Momin
3. Matgrik Miam Sepi Gitcham Johindra Ch. Marak
4. Ketket Rimbo K.D. Shira
5. Chengoni Manderang M.R.Sangma
6. O Achik Song Evelyn R.Marak
7. Bilsi Gital H.D.W.Momin
8. Dokua Tuniram R. Marak
9. Basako? Jonmoni D. Shira
10. Sigimin Ripengko gisik raani K.R.Marak
11. Gitanjali (Translated) H.W.Marak
12. Anga Beberaa
13. Gitelni Boja Kubisring I B.K. Sangma
14. Gunni Gopram
15. Rong Gri Mande
16. Salgi Chilengsa
17. Simteka Gri Gitrang
18. Tomtomani Nabaon
19. Maani Biani Kubisring II - B.K.Sangma
20. Balwarang Kumisia
21. Golap Gitchak Balsa
22. San Jaksi Chikani
23. Dingchik Gun
24. Chadambeni Gisik Kumande Kujaleng - M.K.Marak
25. Aman Kusik
26. Kakket
27. Jotton Kaan Rama

3. Rhetoric and prosody

Rhetoric and prosody- V.S.B.Sangma

4. Proverbs & Phrases and Essay

1. Aganmeapa- M.S.Sangma & J.L.R.Marak

2. Achik Compostion K.M.Momin
3. Achik kattarang W.K.Sangma
4. Achik Golporang I, II & III-D.K.Sangma

5. Grammar

1. Achik Grammar E.G. Phillips

6. Comprehension & Precis Writing & Essay

38
7. Garo Literary Criticism

1. Literary Critisim L.D.Shira

2. Sea Jotani Nama Namgijako See Parakatani Abachenggipa Bewalrang
(Elements of Literary Critisim) - M.S. Sangma

8. Oral Narratives

Apasong Agana D.S.Rongmuthu

1. Ako Doka Chiko Gina

2. Gittingko Baani
3.Misini Dedrang Aningni Dedrangko Gro Dinga
4. Mandeni sichenga
5. Susimemani Siani Salo
6. Banggria
7. Waalko Baa
8. Domani Grapa
9. Miko Manchengani
10. Aba oe game Chachengani
11. Muniko Manchenga
12. Marangni Atchia
13. Bisiko Manchenga
14. Silchiko Manchenga
15. Danilko Manchengani
16. Wangalako dakchengani

Achikni Kuandik A.Ch.Momin

1. Mane Chagipa Manderangni Manianirang

Gipin Manianirang aro Dakbewalrang

Achik Golporang Bak-I

1. Chipu Nakadok
2. Douang
3. Dokuamung Mese
4. Dopo Debaa
5. Dode Gitok
6. Kawatte Kudikgila
7. Peru Ampak Kika
8. Nokmana Bisi Tikja
9. Mat Anchi Pila
10. Mongma aro Okgipu

Paper-II

1. Traditional Drama

1. Dikki part-1- L.R.Sangma

2. Dikki part-II - L.R.Sangma
2. Modern Drama

1. Skul Master L.D. Shira

2. Nokdang K.M.Momin
3. Macbeth (Adaptation) K.R.Marak
4. Metongbolni Gittim- L.R.Marak

3. Prose
1. Maniani Bidik Mihir N.Sangma
2. Katta Waltim Kroshnil D.Sangma
3. Achikni Mabiding-Moniram Marak
4. Fiction

1. Dombe Rani A.R.Sangma

2. Anchichi bregimin L.M.Holbrook
3. Shakespeareni Golporang W.K.Marak
4. Gamseng I.R. Marak
5. Dugalgreni Mechik- B.Ch. Sangma

39
 5. History of Garo Language

1. Achikkuni Maambi- M.S.Sangma, Chapter I upto VI

6. History of Garo Literature

1. History of Garo Literature Chapter-I upto 8 M.S.Sangma

2. Gisik Matgrikrang- L.D.Shira

Geography Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

Principles of Geography

Section-A

Physical Geography

1. Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and

exogenetic forces; origin and evolution of the earth's crust; physical conditions of the earth's
interior; geosynclines; continental drift; isostasy; sea-floor spreading; plate tectonics;
mountain building; volcanicity; earthquakes; concepts of geomorphic cycles; landforms
associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, coastal and karst cycle; groundwater; Applied
Geomorphology. Economic geology and environment.

2. Climatology : Temperature and pleasure belts of the world. Heat budget of the earth.
Atmospheric circulation, Atmospheric stability and instability Planetary and local winds,
Monsoons and jet streams, Air masses and fronto, temparate and tropical cyclones, Types
and distributions of precipitation, weather and climate; Koppen Thornthwaite and Trewar
Thas classifications of world climate, Hydrological cycle, Global climatic change, and role
and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate.

3. Oceanography : Bottom topography, of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans;

temperature and salinity of the oceans; ocean deposits; ocean currents and tides; marine
resources, biotic, mineral and energy resources; coral reefs; sea-level changes.

4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; classification and distribution of soils; soil profile; soil
erosion and conservation; factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals;
problems of deforestation and conservation measures; social forestry, agro-forestry. Wild
life, Major gene pool centres.

5. Environmental Geography : Human ecological adaptations; transformation of nature by

man; environmental' degradation and conservation; ecosystems and their management;
global ecological imbalances-problems of pollution, global warming, reduction in bio-diversity
and depletion of forests. Ecosystem their management and conservation, Environmental
degradation, management and conservation, Biodiversity and sustainable development,
Environmental policy, Environmental hazards and remedial measures, Environmental
education and legislation.

Section-B

Human Geography

6. Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; dichotomy

and dualism; environmentalism; quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical,
behavioural, human and welfare approaches; cultural regions of the world, cultural regions
of the world; human development indicators.

40
7. Economic Geography : World economic development-measurement and problems;
world resources and their distribution; energy crisis; the limits to growth; world agriculture,
typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; food and nutrition
problems; famine-causes, effects and remedies; world industries-location patterns and
problems; patterns of world trade.

8. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world

population; demographic attributes; causes and consequences of migration; concepts of
over- under- and optimum population; world population problems.

Types and patterns of rural settlements; hierarchy of urban settlements; concept of

primate city and rank-size rule; functional classification of towns; sphere of urban
influence; rural-urban fringe; satellite towns, problems of urbanization.

9. Regional Planning : Concept of a region; types of regions and methods of

regionalization; growth centres and growth poles; regional imbalances; environmental
issues in regional planning; planning for sustainable development.

10. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human
Geography; Malthusian, Marxian and Demographic Transition models; Central Place
theories of Christaller and Losch; Von Thunen's model of agricultural location; Weber's
model of industrial location; Rostov's model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rim land
theories; laws of international boundaries and frontiers.

Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question

pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.

Paper-II

Geography of India

Section-A.

1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; structure and
relief; drainage system and watersheds; physiographic regions; mechanism of Indian
monsoons; tropical cyclones and western disturbances; floods and droughts; climatic
regions; natural vegetation, soil types and their distributions.

2. Resources : Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, and biotic resources, their
distribution, utilization and conservation; energy crisis.

3. Agriculture : Infrastructure-irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; institutional factors-land

holdings, land tenure and land reforms; agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop
combination, land capability; agro-and social forestry; green revolution and its socio-
economic and ecological implications; significance of dry farming; livestock resources and
white revolution; blue revolution; agricultural regionalization; agro-climatic zones, agro-
ecological regions.

4. Industry : Evolution of industries; locational factors of cotton, jute, iron and steel, fertiliser,
paper, DRugs and pharmaceutical, automobile and cottage industries; industrial complexes
and industrial regionalization; new industrial policy; multinationals and liberalization. Special
economic Zones, Tourism including eco tourism.

5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline
networks and their complementary roles in regional development; growing importance of
ports on national and foreign trade, trade balance; free trade and export promotion zones;
developments in communication technology and its impact on economy and society.

41
 Section-B

6. Cultural Setting : Racial and ethnic diversities; major tribes, tribal areas and their
problems; role of language, religion and tradition in the formation of cultural regions; growth,
distribution and density of population; demographic attributes-sex-ratio, age structure,
literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio and longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra-
regional and international) and associated problems, population problems and policies,
health indicators.

7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; urban development;

census definition of urban areas; morphology of Indian cities; functional classification of
Indian cities; conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; slums and associated
problems; town planning; problems of urbanization.

8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five

Year Plans; integrated rural development programmes; panchayati raj and decentralized
planning; common area development; watershed management; planning for backward area,
desert drought-prone, hill and tribal area development; multi-level planning; geography and
regional planning.

9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; state reorganization;

regional consciousness and national integration; international boundary of India and related
issues; disputes on sharing of water resources; India and geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.

10. Contemporary Issues : Environmental hazards-landslides, earthquakes, floods and

droughts, epidemics; issues related to environmental pollution; changes in patterns of land
use; principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management;
population explosion and food security, environmental degradation; problems of agrarian
and industrial unrest; regional disparities in economic development; concept of sustainable
growth and development, environmental awareness, linkages of rivers, globalization and
Indian economy.

Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question

pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.

42
 GEOLOGY - Optional
of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-1

Section-A

1. General-Geology : The. Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth.
Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts.
Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude,
seismographs. Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental drift-
evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy, orogeny and
epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing : Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering

and mass wasting. Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their
interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications of
geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,, hydrology and environmental
studies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent. Aerial photographs and their interpretation-
merits and limitations. The Electron magnetic spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor
systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellites data products. Applications of remote
sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System (GIS) and its applications. Global
Positioning System (GPS)- its applications.

3. Structural Geology : Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection

diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and
viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under
deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of
folds, foliations, lineation, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation. Time-
relationship between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petro fabrics.

Section-B

4. Paleontology : Species- definition and nomenclature. Mega fossils and Microfossils.

Modes of preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in
correlation, petroleum exploration, climatic and pale oceanographic studies. Morphology,
geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda,
Echinoidea and Anthozoa. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoudea, Trilobita and Graptoloidea.
Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora
and its importance.

5. Stratigraphy and Geology of India : Classification of stratigraphic sequences:

lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their
interrelationships. Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Study of
stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna,
flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems- Cambrian/Precambrian,
Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of climatic
conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological
past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology : Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification

of water. Movement of sub-surface water. Springs. Porosity, permeability, hydraulic
conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers. Water-bearing
characteristics of rocks. Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion; Types of wells.
Drainage basin morphometry. Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge.
Problems and management of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of
rocks. Geological investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction
material. Alkali-aggregate reaction Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation.
Earthquake-resistant structures.

43
 Paper-II

Section-A

1. Mineralogy : Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry.

International system of crystallographic notation. Use of projection diagrams to represent
crystal symmetry. Crystal defects. Elements of X-ray-crystallography. Petrological
microscope and accessories. Optical properties of common rock forming minerals.
Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in
minerals. Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups.
Structural classification of silicates. Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups. Optical properties of
common rock forming minerals, Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction,
birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. Igneous ad Metamorphic Petrology : Generation and crystallisation of magma.

Crystallisation of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopside-wollastonite-silica
systems. Reaction principle., Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic
significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis
of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline
rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.

Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones. Phase rule. Facies of
regional and contact metamorphism. ACF and AKF diagrams. Textures and structures of
metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks. Minerals
assemblages Retrograde metamorphism. Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites,
Granulite terrains of India.

3. Sedimentology : Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation, digenesis and lithification.

Properties of sediments. Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and
depositional environment. Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and
their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedimentary basins of India.

Section-II

4. Economic Geology :Ore - ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore
deposits. Process of formation of minerals deposits. Controls of ore localization. Ore
textures and structures. Metallogenic epochs and provinces. Geology of the important
Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead zinc, manganese,
titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals. Deposits of coal and petroleum in
India. National Mineral Policy. Conservation and utilization of mineral resources Marine
mineral resources and Law of sea.

5. Mining Geology : Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and

geobotanical. Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore. Methods of
exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals and marine mineral resources.
Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology : Cosmic abundance of elements.

Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth and
distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical
bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary
thermodynamics.

Natural hazards-floods, landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes and volcanic activity and
mitigation. Environmental impact of urbanization, open cast mining, industrial and
radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution
of ground and surface water, marine pollution Environment protection-legislative measures
in India. Sea level changes- causes and impact.

44
 Hindi - Optional

of Part II - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Hindi.

Section-A

1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

1. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary language during medieval period.
III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya. Khusero. Sant Sahitaya. Rahim etc.
and Dakhni Hindi.
IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.
V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi
VI. Development of Hindi as National Language during freedom movement.
VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
VIII.Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi Language.
IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship,
X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B
2. History of Hindi Literature.
2.I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi
Literature.
2.2. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.

A : Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.

Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro. Hemchandra, Vidyapati.
B: Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram
Bhaktidhara.
Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.
C : Ritikal-Ritikavya. Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.
Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.
D : Adhunik Kal
a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.
b. Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.
c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai
Kavita. Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
d. Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya,
Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

2.3. Katha Sahitya

A. Upanyas & Realism
B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
C. Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.
E. Prominent Short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna
Sobti.

2.4. Drama & Theatre

A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

B. Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar
Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
C. The development of Hindi Theatre.

45
 2.5. Criticism

A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi,

Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
B : Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma &
Nagendra.

2.6. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

Paper-II
Answers must be written in Hindi.

This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of
the candidates.
Section-A
1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)
2. Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttarkand).
4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)
5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
6. Maithili Sharan Gupta : Bharat Bharati
7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)
8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).
9. Dinkar: Kurushetra
10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)
11. Muktiboth : Brahm Rakshahas
12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section-B
1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha
2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din
3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)
4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari
Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.
5. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai Manjusha
- Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai
6. Prasad : Skandgupta
7. Yashpal : Divya
8. Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal
9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj
10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

46
 History - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

Section-A

1. Sources : Archaeological sources- Exploration, excavation epigraphy,

numismatics, monuments, Literary sources - Indigenous- Primary and secondary,
poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional language, religious literature.
Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.

2. Pre-history and Proto-history : Geographical factors hunting and gathering

(Paleolithic and Mesolithic). Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic)

3. The Indus Civilization: Its origins, nature and decline, survival and significance,
art and architecture.

4. Patterns of settlement: Economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000
to 500 B.C.): archaeological perspectives.

5. Evolution of North Indian society and culture: Evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas
to Sutras).

6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of

state formation and urbanization.

7. The Mauryan empire: Ashoka's inscriptions; his dharma. Nature of the Mauryan
state. Concept of Dharma, Edicts, Policy, Administration, Economy, Art,
Architecture and sculpture, External contacts, Religion, Spread of religion,
Literature.

8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative
history. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the
Sangam texts.

10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) : Political history of northern
and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy;
social structure; culture; religion.

12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: Languages and texts; major stages in the
evolution of art and architecture; major philosophical thinkers and schools; ideas in
science and mathematics.

Section-B

13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structures
in North India. "Indian Feudalism" rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their
contemporaries in Peninsular India. Village communities in the South. Conditions of
women. Agrarian economy and urban settlements, Commerce mercantile groups and
guilds; towns. Society, the status of the Brahman and the new social order, Indian science
and technology. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.

14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana historian. Styles of temple architecture;
sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Skankaracharya and vedanta. Ramanuja,
and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival
in India. Sufism. Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization..

47
15. The 13th Century : The Ghurian invasions. Factors behind Ghurian success.
Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The "slave"
Dynasty. Iltutmish; Balban. "The Khalji Revolution", Early Sultanate architecture,

16. The 14th Century: Alauddin Khalji's conquests, agrarian and economic measures.
Muhammad Tughluq major projects. Firuz Tughluq's concessions and public works.
Decline of the Sultanate. Foreign contacts: Ibn Battutas account.

17. Economy Society and Culture in the 13th and 14th centuries: Composition of rural
society, ruling classes town dwellers, women, religious, classes. Caste and slavery under
the sultanate. Technological changes. Sultanate architecture, Persian literature - Amir
Khusrau, historiography, Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North
India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south. Agricultural Production, rise of urban
economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce.

18. The 15th and early 16th Century (Political History): Rise of Provincial Dynasties:
Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagara Empire.
Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire - Sher Shah's
administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise.

19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture): Regional
cultures and literatures, provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and
the arts in Vijayanagara Empire. Monotheistic movements - Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti
Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase.

20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment-of jagir and mansab
systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of
Sulh- i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art
and technology.

21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century: Major policies (administrative and religious) of
Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the
Mughal State. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the
early Maratha kingdom.

22. Economy and ,society in the 16th and 17th Centuries: Population. Agricultural and
craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French
companies a "trade revolution". Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit
systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women.

23. Culture during Mughal Empire: Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi
and religious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools
of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh,
astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Maharasthra Dharma.
Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).

24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The
regional principalities (Nizam's Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy
under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial system. Emergence of Afghan
Power. Battle of Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political, cultural and economic, on eve
of the British conquest.

48
 Paper-II

Section-A

1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind British success against Indian
powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance;
Policy of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.

2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and "deindustrialization", Fiscal

pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari Settlements);
Structure of the British raj up to 1857 (including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and
administrative organization).

3. Resistance to colonial rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt
of 1857; Reorganization of the Raj, 1858 and after.

4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform measures (1828-57);

Orientalist -Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian
missionary activities in India; Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements
in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus of social reform.

5. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule: Land revenue settlements in British india,
The Permanent Setlement, Ryotwari Setlement, Mahalwari Settlement, Economic impact
of the revenue arrangements, commercialization of agriculture, rise of landless agrarian
labourers.

Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce, Deindustrialisation, Decline of

traditional crafts, Drain of wealth, Economic transformation of India, Railroad and
communication network including telegraph and postal services, Famine and poverty in
the rural interior.

6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of national associations;

Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian
National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism; The
Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919.

7. Nationalism under Gandhi's leadership: Gandhi's career, thought and methods of

mass mobilization; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat Movements, Non Cooperation
Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement;
State People's Movement.

8. Other strands of the National Movement: (a) Revolutionary movements since 1905;
(b) Constitutional politics; Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of
Jawharlal Nehru, (d) The Left. (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose
and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu
Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement.

9. Literary and cultural movements: Tagore, Premchand, Subrainanyam Bharati, Iqbal

as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers' Organizations and Theatre
Associations.

10. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937-1939; The Pakistan
Movement; Post-1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising etc.,), Constitutional
negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August 1947.

11. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences of Partition;

Gandhiji's murder; economic dislocation; Integration of States; The democratic
constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and
industrialization; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.

49
 Section-B

12. Enlightenment and Modern ideas

1. Renaissance Background
2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
4. Rise of socialist ideas (upto Marx)
13. Origins of Modern Politics

1. European States System

2. American Revolution and the Constitution.
3. French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815.
4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, chartists.
14. Industrialization

1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society

2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan-
3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese.
15. Nation-State System

1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century

2. Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy
3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities.
16. Imperialism and Colonialism

1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from
Asian Conquests)
2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non-settlement: Latin America, South Africa,
Indonesia, Australia.
3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism
17. Revolution and Counter-Revolution

1. 19th Century European revolutions

2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949
18. World Wars

1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications

2. World War I : Causes and Consequences
3. World War II : Political Consequence
19. Cold War

1. Emergence of Two Power Blocs

2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe
3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment
4. UN and Dispute Resolution
20. Colonial Liberation

1. Latin America-Bolivar
2. Arab World-Egypt
3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy
4. South-East Asia-Vietnam
21. Decolonization and Underdevelopment

1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French, Duth

2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa
22. Unification of Europe

1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community

2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union.
23. Soviet Disintegration and the Unipolar World

1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet Communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991
2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001
3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World
4. Globalization
50
 Khasi OPTIONAL

of Part - B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper I

1. Khasi Poetry:

1. Soso Tham (1936): U John Gilpin from Ka Duitara Ksiar

2. Morkha Joseph (1967) :Ka Jingiam Briew ha u Lum Jingtep Ingmane from Ka
Ryngkap
3. Enami (1911) : I Thakemon from Na ka Thiar ki Longshuwa
4. Soso Tham (1936): Ki Sngi Barim U Hynniew Trep from Ka Duitara Ksiar
5. D.S.Khongdup (1968): (a) U Syntiew ba nga jied from Na Lum Khasi
6. H.W.Sten (1980): Ka Burom ba la jah II
7. O.M.Wahlang (1986): (a) Ka Sohlyngngem from Ka Jutang Sur Pangnud U khun
Khasi
8. Rabon Singh (16th Edition Reprint 1987): (a) Ka Jingphawar Shadwait (b) Ka
Jingphawar Iasiat Thong from Ka Kitap Jingphawar
9. V.G.Bareh (1998 Reprint) : (a) Ka Duitara Jong Nga from Ki Poetry Khasi

2. Khasi Drama:

1. D.S.Khongdup (1968): U Baieit Donshkor

2. H.Mylliemngap (1980): Ka Rangli
3. H.W.Sten (1983): Ka Mahadei
4. S.Dkhar (2001): U Raikut
5. S.J.Duncam (1978) : U Androklis bad u Sing

3. Khasi Fiction:

1. John Roberts (1910): Ka Jingiad u Pilgrim

2. W. Tiewsoh (1975) : Kam Kalbut
3. F.S.Lyngdoh (1989):Ka Jingieit Ba Nylla
4. H.W.Sten (1981) : Ka Samla Nongkyndong

Paper II

1. Khasi Culture:

1. Feebon Roy (1897): Shaphang ka Jingiapoikha Lynnong II from Ka Niam jong

ki Khasi
2. G.Costa (1937) :Ka Bishar Khasi from Ka Riti Jong Ka Ri Laiphew Syiem
Bynta II
3. H.Lyngdoh (1937): Ki Mawbynna Ki Jait Syiem jait Lyngdoh from Ka Niam
Khasi
4. H.O.Mawrie (1973): U Khasi bad ki Khanatang 1,11,111, chapter 17,18,19
from Ka Pyrkhat u Khasi
5. D.T.Laloo (1978): Ka Tynrai ka Ksaw ka Kpong from Ka Ksaw Ka Kpong U
Hynniew Trep

2. Khasi Literary Criticism:

1. D.R.L.Nglait (2005): Ka Pyrla halor ka Jingbishar Bniah from KaThew ka woh

ia ka Jingbishar Bniah Halor ka Novel Khasi (pages 1 5, pages 17 33)
2. H.W. Sten (1982): Shaphang ka Novel
3. H.Elias (1963): Shaphang ka poitri from Ka Hamsaia ki Por
4. F.M.Pugh (1968): Ha ki nongpule from Ka Sawangka ia ki Sawngut Ba iap
Mynsaw

3. Khasi Linguistics

(a) Ka jingroi jingsan ka Drama Khasi naduh u H.C.Roy (1910) haduh u

H.Mylliemngap (1980);
(b) Ka Jingroi jingsan ka Poitri Khasi naduh u Soso Tham (1925) haduh u
H.W.Sten (1980)
(c ) Ka Jingroi jingsan ka Parom (fiction) Khasi naduh u H.C. Roy (1915) haduh u
L.H.Pde (1980);
(d) Ka Jingroi Jingsan ka Prose Khasi naduh u Jeebon Roy (1900-1980)

51
 Note: This paper focuses on the kind of development and the factors responsible
for such developments.It also studies the major issues dealt by Khasi authors.
Besides, it examines the literary standard and value of different works of
Literature during the period.

Khasi language study.

1. H.Marwein (1990) : Ki verb Khasi Chap.I Ka Verb, Chap. II Ki Jait Verb

2. H.W.Sten (1991) : Shaphang Ka Ktien
Chap. III Jingspel Dak, Chap. IV Pyniakhlad Kyntien,,Chap. VI Shynrong Klas,
Chap. IX Shynrong Klos.
3. M.B.Jyrwa (1995): Ka jingpule Shaphang Ka Ktien
Chap.V Ka Aspek
4. B.War (2009): Ki Sawa bad ki Dur Kyntien jong ka Ktien Khasi

LAW - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

Section-A

1. Consitutional Law of India

1. Nature of the Indian Constitution : The distinctive features of its federal character.
2. Fundamental Rights.
3. Relationship between Fundamental Rights. Directive Principles and Fundamental
Duties.
4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.
5. Governor and his Powers.
6. Appointment and Transfer of Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
7. Supreme Court and High Courts: Powers and Jurisdiction.
8. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions: Powers and
Functions.
9. Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States.,
10. Administrative Relationship between Union and the States.
11. Emergency Provisions
12. Civil Servants: Constitutional safeguards.
13. Parliamentary Privileges
14. Amendment of the Constitution.
15. Principle of Natural Justice
16. Delegated Legislation: Its constitutionality and judicial and legislative controls.
17. Judicial Review of Administrative Action.
18. Ombudsman : Lokayukta Lokpal etc.

Section - B

2. International Law

1. Nature and Definition of International Law.

2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. Law of the Sea: Inland Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf,
Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.
5. Individuals , nationality, statclcssncss; Human Rights and procedures available for
their enforcement.
6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum.
7. Treaties: Formation application, termination and reservation.
8. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers, and functions.
9. Settlement of Distputes.
10. Lawful recourse to force: aggressions, self-defence, intervention.
11. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear
non proliferation treaty, CTBT.
12. International Terriorism State sponsored terrorism. Hijacking, International Criminal
Court.
52
 13. New International Economic order, and Monetary law: WTO. TRIPS, GAIT, IMF,
World Bank.
14. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment: International Efforts.
15. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law International
conventions and contemporary developments.

Paper-II

Section-A

1. Law of Crimes:-
1. General Principles of Criminal Liability: mens rea and actus rcus, Mcns rca in
statutory offences.
2. Application of the Indian Penal Code.
3. Kinds of Punishment.
4. Preparations and criminal attempts
5. General exceptions.
6. Joint and constructive liability.
7. Abetment.
8. Criminal conspiracy.
9. Offences against the State.
10. Offences against public tranqulity.
11. Offences against human body.
12. Offences against properly
13. Offences Relating to Marriage.
14. Defamation
15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
16. Dowry Prohibition Act. 1961
17. Prevention of Corruption Act. 1988.
18. Plea bargaining

2. Law of Torts :

1. Nature and definition.

2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability
3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.
4. General defences.
5. Joint tort feasors.
6. Remedies.
7. Negligence
8. Defamation.
9. Nuisance.
10. Conspiracy
11. False imprisonment.
12. Malicious Prosecution.
13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Section-B
3. Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law
I. Formation-of Contract/ E-contract
2. Factors vitiating consent
3. Void voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4. Performance and discharge of contracts.
5. Quasi-contracts.
6. Consequences of breach of contract
7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.
8. Contract of Agency.
9. Sale of goods and hire purchase.
10. Formation and dissolution of partnership
11. Negotiable Instruments Act. 1881.
12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act. 1996.
13. Standard form contracts.

53
 4. Contemporary Legal Developments

1. Public Interest Litigation.

2. Intellectual property rights-Concepts, types/prospects.
3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws-concepts, purpose/prospects.
4. Alternate Dispute Resolution-Concept, types/prospects.
5. Major statutes concerning environmental law.
6. Right to Information Act.
7. Trial by media.

Management -Optional

of Part - B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper I
The candidate should make a study of the concept and development of
management as science and art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers
of management and apply the concepts to the real life of government and business
decision making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative
environment.
Section-A
1. Managerial Function : Concept and foundations of Management, Managerial role and
funclions. Analysis of Environmental opportunities and threats. Formulation of
Organisational Vision, Mission and Objectives. Decision Making.
2. Organisational Behaviour and Design : Classical and Neoclassical
Systems. Delegation of Authority, Design of Strategic Business Units. Theories of
motivation and their relevance. Communication. Leadership. Understanding group
behaviour and dynamics. Conflict Management. Managing Change. Innovation in
Organizational Design such as Networks, Knowledge Based Enterprises-Systems and
Processes.
3. Quantitative Techniques in Decision Making : Classification of data, Averages,
Dispersion and Skwness. Correlation and Regression. Time- Scries Analysis &
Forecasting Techniques. Elementary concepts of Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distributions. Tests of Significance 't', 'F' and Chisquare. Linerar Programming Problem
formulation-Simplex method and Graphical solution. PERT and CPM. Decision making
under uncertainity. Linear programming problem formulation, simpex method and
graphical solution, sensitivity analysis.
4. Accounting for Managers : Financial accounting- concept, importance and scope,
generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special
reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurement of business invome, inventory
valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement
of cash flows Management accounting concept, need, importance and scope Cost
accounting records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and
integration between financial and cost accounts Overhead cost and control, Job and
process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero base
budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decision making, standard costing and
variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing.

Section-B
5. Management Control System : Basic concepts. Understanding strategic behaviour.
Responsibility Centres, Strategic Planning. Preparation of budgets, Zero Based Budget,
Analysis and Evaluation of Performance, Control System in Service Organization. Modern
Control Methods, Controlling Global Enterprises: Transfer Pricing and Management of
Risk.
6. Strategic Cost Management : Value Chain : Conceptual issues and Applications.
Cost analysis-Activity based costing, Cost Drivers and their measurement. Target Costing.
Profit Variance Analysis.

54
7. Business Environment : Concept and Analysis of Macro-business environment:
Indian and global. Analysis of structural dimensions of Indian Economy.-Directions of
change and impact on business decision. Regulatory and promotional Policies.
Liberalization, Globalisation and Corporatisation Problems and Prospects.,
Paper-II
Section-A
1. Financial Management : Goal of Finance Function. Analysis of Financial Postion:
Ratio and Funds Flow Analysis. Concepts of value and return. Valuation of Bonds and
Shares. Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory, CAPM, APT and APM. Option Pricing.
Financial and Operating leaverage. Design of Capital Structure; Theories and Practices.
Management of Working Capital: Estimation and Financing. Management of Cash
Receivables and Inventory and Current Liabilities. Capital and Money Markets:
Institutions and Instruments. Leasing hire purchase and Venture capital mergers and
acquistions. Shareholder Value Creation: Dividend Policy, Corporate financial policy
and strategy. Management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy. Regulation
of capital market. Financial derivatives option futures swap. Recent reforms in financial
sector.
2. Marketing Management : Concept and strategy. Analysis of marketing environment
and planning process. Understanding and selecting target markets, positioning and
differentiating the market offering, analysing competition, analysing consumer market,
industrial buyer behaviour. Marketing Research. Consumer Behaviour. Segmentation,
Targeting and Positioning.. Product management. Distribution channels and logistics.
Public Distribution System. Marketing Communciation. Brand Management, personal
selling and management of salesforce. Pricing decisions. Understanding competitive
strategy. Design, implementation and control. Services and non-profit marketing. Social
Marketing. Creating global competitive Advantage: Analysis, formulation, implementation
and control. Evaluation of marketing function. Ethics-in marketing: Consumer protection.
E-Business, internet marketing, retail management, customer relationship management,
concept of holistic marketing.
3. International Business : International Business Environment: Changing composition
of trade in goods and services. Emerging areas of trade. Evaluation of International Trade
Policies-instruments of trade policy, institutions of international business GATT//WTO,
Trims and Trips-Labour conditions and environmental issues, trade in services and agri
products, role of IMF", World Bank. UNCTA1). Regional Economic Cooperation. Export
Marketing Management-Overseas market research, Export pricing and
finance. Management of risk. Export-import procedures. Tole of intermediaries and
documentation.
Section-B
4. Operation and Materials Management : Fundamentals of Operations Management.
Organising for Production. Aggregate Production Planning, Capacity Planning, Plan
Design: Process planning plant size and scale of operations. Management of facilities.
Equipment replacement and maintenance. Production cotnrol. Supply Chain
Management-Vendor Evaluation and Audit Quality Management.
Role and importance of Materials Management , Material Handling, Value Analysis.
Quality control, Make or Buy Decision. Codification. Standardisation of spare parts
inventory. Inventory Control. Two Bin System. Waste Management, Purchasing process
and procedure. International Buying.
5. Management Information System : Conceptual foundations of Information System,
information Resource Management. System Development-Overview of Systems
and Design. System Development Management life-cycle, Designing on-line and
Distributed environments. Implementation and Control of Project, fiends in Information
Technology. Managing Data Resources-Organising Data. DSS and RDBMS.
6. Human Resource Development ; Concept and Policies. Man-power planning;
recruitment. Selection, trainging, development, promotion and transfer. Performance
Management-job evaluation, job enrichment. Compensation Management. Employee
Morale and Productivity. Management of Organisational Climate and Industrial Relations.
Humans Resource Accouting and Audit.

55
 Mathematics - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

Section-A

1. Linear Algebra : Vector, spaces, linear dependence and independence,

subspaces, bases, dimensions. Finite dimensional vector spaces. Matrices, Cayley-
Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, matrix of linear transformation, row and
column reduction. Echelon form, equivalence. congruences and similarity, reduction to
cannonical form, rank, orthogonal, symmetric, skew-symmetric, unitary, bermitian, skew-
hermitian forms-their eigenvalues. Orthogonal and unitary reduction of quadratic and
hermitian forms, positive definite quadratic forms.

2. Calculus : Real numbers, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value

theorems, Taylor's theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima,
asymptotes. Functions of several variables: continuity, differentiability, partial derivatives,
maxima and minima, Lagrange's method of multipliers, Jacobian. Riemann's definition of
definite integrals, Indefinite integrals, Infinite and improper integrals, beta and gamma
functions. Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only). Areas, surface and
volumes, centre of gravity.

3. Analytic Geometry : Cartesian and polar coordinates in two and three

dimensions, second degree equations in two and three variables reduction to Canonical
forms, straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone,
cylinder., paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.

Section-B

4. Ordinary Differential Equations : Formulation of differential equations, order

and degree, Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor, equations of first
order but not of first degree, Clarrant's equation, singular solution.

Higher order liner equations with constant coefficients, complementary function and
particular integral, general solution, Euler-Cauchy equation.

Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, determination of complete

solution when one solution is known using, method of variation of parameters.

Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of
elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd other linear equations
with constant coefficients.

5. Dynamics, Statics and Hydrostatics :Degree of freedom and constraints,

rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles, Constrained
motion; Work and energy, conservation of energy, motion under impulsive forces, Kepler's
laws, orbits under central forces, motion of varying mass, motion under resistance.

Equilibrium of a system of particles, work and potential energy, friction, common catenary,
Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.

Pressure of heavy fluids, equilibrium of fluids under given system of forces Bernoulli's
equation, centre of pressure, thrust on curved surfaces, equilibrium of floating bodies,
stability of equilibrium metacentre, pressure of gases.

6. Vector Analysis : Scalar and vector fields, triple, products, differentiation of

vector function of a scalar variable, Gradient, divergence and curl in cartesian, cylindrical
and spherical coordinates and their physical interpretations. Higher order derivatives,
vector identities and vector equations.

Application to Geometry: Curves in space, curvature and torsion. Serret -Furenets

formulae, Gauss and Stokes' theorems, Green's indentities.

56
 Paper-Il
Section-A

1. Algebra : Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, homomorphism of groups,

quotient groups, basic isomorphism theorems, Sylow's group-, permutation groups,
Cayleys theorem. Rings and ideals, principal ideal domains, unique factorization domains
and Euclidean domains. Field extensions, finite fields.

2. Real Analysis: Meal number system, ordered sets, bounds, ordered field, real
number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property, Cauchy sequence,
completeness, Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous
functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals, absolute and conditional
convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Uniform
convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of
functions. Differentiation of functions of several variables, change in the order of partial
derivatives, implicit function theorem, maxima and minima. Multiple integrals.

3. Complex Analysis : Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's

theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series, Taylor's series, Laurent's Series,
Singularities, Cauchy's residue theorem, Contour integration. Conformal mapping, bilinear
transformations.

4. Linear Programming : Linear programming problem, basic solution, basic

feasible solution and optimal solution, graphical method and simplex method of solutions.
Duality.

Transportation and assignment problems. Travelling salesman problems.

Section-B

5. Partial differential equations: Curves and surfaces in three dimensions,

formulation of partial differential equations, solutions of equations of type dx/p=dy/q=dz/r;
orthogonal trajectories, pfaffian differential equations; partial, differential equations of the
first order, solution by Cauehy's method of characteristics; Charpit's method of solutions,
linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients,
equations of vibrating string, heat equation, laplace equation.

6. Numerical Analysis and Computer programming: Numerical methods:

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula-
Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian
elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct) methods, Gauss-Seidel(iterative) methods.
Newton's (forward and backward) and Lagrange's method of interpolation.

Numerical integration: Simpson's one-third rule, tranpezodial rule, Gaussian quardrature

formula. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runge Kutta-
methods.

Computer Programming: Storage of numbers in computers, bits, bytes and words, binary
system, arithmetic and logical operations on numbers. Bitwise operations. AND, OR ,
XOR, NOT, and shift/rotate operators. Octal and Hexadecimal Systems. Conversion to
and from decimal Systems. Algebra of binary numbers. Elements of Computer systems
and concept of memory, basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal
forms.

Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and
long integers. Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.

Developing simple programs in Basic for problems involving techniques covered in the
numerical analysis.

57
7. Mechanics.and Fluid Dynamics :

Generalised coordinates, constraints, holonomic and non-holonomic , systems. D'

Alembert's principle and Lagrange' equations, Hamilton equations, moment of intertia,
motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.

Equation of continuity, Euler's equation of motion for inviscid flow, Stream-lines, path of a
particle, potential flow, two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion, sources and sinks,
vortex motion, flow past a cylinder and a sphere, method of images. Navier-Stokes
equation for a viscous fluid.

Mechanical Engineering - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

1. Theory of Machines : Kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Cams,

Gears and gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single
and multicylinder engines, Linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree
and two degrees of freedom). Critical speeds and whirling of shafts, automatic controls,
belts and chain drives. Hydrodynamic bearings.

2. Mechanics of Solids : Stress and strain in two dimensions. Principal stresses and
strains, Mohr's construction, linear elastic materials, isotropy and an isotropy. Stress-strain
relations;, unilaxial loading, thermal stresses in beams : Banding moment and shear force
diagrams, bending stresses and deflection of beams, Shear stress 'distribution. Torsion of
shafts, helical springs. Combined stresses, Thick and thin walled pressure vessels. Struls
and columns. Strain energy concepts and theories of failure. Rotating discs. Shrink fits.

3. Engineering Materials :Basic concepts on structure of solids, Crystalline materials.

Defects in crystalline materials, alloys and binary phase diagrams, structure and
properties of common engineering materials. Heat treatment of steels. plastics, ceramics
and composite materials, common applications of various materials.

4. Manufacturing Science :Merchant's force analysis, Taylor's tool life equation,

machinability and machining economics, rigid, small and flexible automation, NC, CNC.
Recent machining methods- EDM, ECM and ultrasonics. Application of lasers and
plasmas, analysis of forming processes. High energy rate forming. jigs, fixtures, tools and
guages, inspection of length, position, profile and surface finish.

5. Manufacturing Management: System design: factory location-simple OR models,

plant layout, methods based, applications of engineering economic analysis and break-
even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning, predetermind
time standards.

System planning, forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition,

design and balancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines, inventory
management-probablistic inventory models for order time and order quantitity
determination, JIT systems, strategic sourcing, managing inter plant logistics.

System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops, applications
of statistical methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts
for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit, quality cost
systems, management of resources, organizations and risks in projects.

System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality

management, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile Orgainzations.

58
 PAPER-II

1. THERMODYNAMICS : Basic concept. Open and closed systems, Applications of

Thermodynamic Laws, gas equations, Clapeyron equation, availability, irreversibility and
Tds relations.

2.. I.C. Engines, Fuels and Combustion : Spark ignition and compression ignition
engines. Four stroke engine and Two stroke engines, mechanical, thermal and volumetric
efficiency, heat balance. Combustion process in S.I. and C.I. engines, preignition
detonation in S.I. engine. Diesel knock in C.I. engine. Choice of engine fuels. Octance and
cetane ratings. Alternate fuels Carburration and Fuel injection, engine emissions and
control. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, stoichometric air requirements and excess air
factor, fuel gas analysis, higher and lower calorific values and their measurements.

3. HEAT TRANSFER, REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING : One and two

dimensional heat conduction. Heat transfer from extended surfaces, heat transfer by
forced and free convection. Heat exchangers. Fundamentals for diffusive and connective
mass transfer, Radiation laws, heat exchange between black and non black surfaces,
Network Analysis. Heat pump refrigeration cycles and systems, condensers, evaporators
and expansion devices and controls. Properties and choice of refrigerant, Refrigeration
systems and components, psychometrics, comfort indices, cooling loading calculations,
solar refrigeration.

4. Steam Engineering : Steam generation: modified Ranking cycle analysis, Modern

steam boilers, steam at critical and supercritical pressures, draught equipment, natural
and artificial draught, boiler fuels solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines-Principle,
types, compounding, impulse and reaction turbines, axial thrust.

Steam nozzles: Flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle pressure at

throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated
and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure, supersaturated flow of steam in
nozzles, Wilson line.

Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility, reheat factor, reheating
and regeneration, methods of governing, back pressure and pass out turbines.

Steam power plants: Combined cycle power generation, heat recovery steam
generators (HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants.

MEDICAL SCIENCE - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam
Paper-I
Section-A

1. Human Anatomy : Gross and microscopic anatomy and movements of shoulder, hip
and knee joints; Blood supply, nerve innervalion of hand, Lymphatic system; Karyotyping,
medical genetics; Electron microscopic structure of glomerulous and muscle; Gross and
microscopic anatomy and blood supply of lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, testis and uterus;
Gross anatomy of pelvis, perineum and inguinal region. Cross-sectional anatomy of the
body and mid-thoracic, upper abdominal, mid-abdominal and pelvic regions.
Embryology : Major steps in the development of lung, heart, kidney, urinary bladder,
uterus, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnormalities; Placenta and placental
barrier.
Anatomy of Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : Neural pathways for
cutaneous sensations and vision; Cranial nerves, distribution and clinical significance;
Anatomy of autonomic control of gastrointestinal, respirator and reproductive systems.

59
2. Human Physiology : Central, peripheral and autonomic nervous, system; Nerve
and muscle excitation, conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of
contraction, neuromuvascular transmission, EMG; Synaptic transmission, reflexes,
control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of
crecbcllum, basal ganglia, reticular formation, hypothalamus limbic system and cerebral
cortex; Physiology of sleep and consciousness, EEG.; Higher functions of the brain; Vision
and hearing.
Endocrine system : Mechanism of action of hormones, formation, secretion, transport,
metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland.
Physiology of reproductive system : menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.
Blood : Development, regulations and fate of blood cells.
Cardio-vascular, respiratory gastro-intestinal and renal physiology : Cardiac
excitation, spread of cardiac impulse, ECG., cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of
cardiovascular functions; Mechanics of respiration and regulation of respiration; Digestion
and absorption of food, regulation of secretion and motility of gastrointesinal tract;
Glomerular and tubular fucntions of kidney.
3. Biochemistry :Organ function tests liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis, Vitamins
and minerals, Restriction fragment length, polymorphism (RFLP), Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), Radio-immunoassays (RIA).

Section-B
I. Pathology : Rection of cell and tissue of injury, inflammation and repair , disturbances
of growth and cancer, genetic diseases; Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic
and ischaemic heart disease; Bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer,
cancer colon, lymphoma, leukaemia, liver cancer, meningioma and meningitis; Etiology,
pathognesis and histopathology of- Peptic ulcer, cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis, lobar
pneumonia, acute osteomyelitis, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis.
2. Microbiology : Humoral and cell mediated immunity, Diseases cause by and
laboratory diagnosis of Menningococcus, Saimonella, Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio,
HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus.
3. Pharmacology : Drug receptor instruction, mechanism of drug action; Mechanism of
action, dosage, metabolism and side effects of - Pilocarpine, tcrbutaline, metoprolol
diazepam, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, furosemide. metronidazole. Chloroquin.
Mechanism of action, dosage and toxicity of-Ampicillin, Ccphalosporins, 1,2,3,4,th
generations, Aminoglycoside, Doxycycline, chloramphenicol, rifampin, Calcium channel
blocker, beta blocker, ace inhibitors, immunosuppressive therapy. Indications, dosage,
side-effects and contraindictions of- Methortrexate, vincristin, tamoxifen. Classification,
route of administration, mechanism of action and side effects of- General anaesthetics,
hypnotics, analgesics, anti-viral, anti-fungal drugs.
4. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology : Forensic examination of injuris and wounds;
Physical and chemical examination of blood and seminal stains; Organo phosphorous
poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, snake envenomation, DNA and
finger print study.

Paper-II
Section-A
1. General Medicine : Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management
(including prevention) of :-
Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus, Rabies, Exanthematous Fevers, Tuberculosis, AIDS.
Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of:
Rheumatic, ischaemic and congenital heart disease, hypertension. Cardiomyopathy,
pulmonary embolism.

60
Acute and chronic respiratory infections, bronchial asthma.
Occupational lung disease, pleural effusion, disseminated tuberculosis, Malabsorption
syndromes, acid peptic diseases, haemetemesis. Viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, alcoholic
liver disease.
Actue glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome,
renovascular hypertension, diabetics mellitus, anaemias, coagulation disorders,
leukaemia, polycythemia and hyperviscosity syndrome, meningitis encephalitis,
carcbrovascular diseases.
Role of Immageology in the workup of medical problems, ultrasound, echo-cardiogram,
CT scan, MRI.
Psychiatry : Common psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia. ECT.
2. Paediatrics : Common paediatric problems, congenital cyanotic heart disease,
respiratory distress syndrome, broncho pneumonias, kernieterus. IMNCI classification
and management, PEM grading and management, AIR and Diarrhea ofo under five and
their managemnt
3. Dermatology : Common skin diseases, psoriasis, Hansen's disease, fungal dermatitis,
scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson's syndrome.

Section-B
1. General Surgery : Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management
of-Cervical lymph node enlargement, parotid tumour, oral cancer, cleft palate, harelip,
Laryngeal tumour, esophageal tumours, Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins,
coarctation of arota, dysfunctions of thyroid parathyroids and adrenals, Tumours of
Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pituitary Glands, abscess of breast, cancer breast,
fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast, acute and chronic appendicitis, bleeding peptic
ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, intestinal obstruction, ulcerative colitis, renal mass, acute
retention of urine, benign prostatic hypertrophy. Haemonthorax, constrictive pericarditis,
splenomegaly, chronic cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis,
carcinoma head of pancreas, direct and indirect inguinal hernias and their compilations.
fractures of femur and spine, Colles' fracture and bone tumours, organis transplantation,
kidney, liver, heart, bone-marrow, Laprascopic surgery.
2. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning :Diagnosis of pregnancy,
screening of high risk pregnancy, foetoplacental development, labour management,
complications of 3rd stage, postpartum haemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn,
diagnosis and management of anaemia and pregnancy induced hypertension, principles of
the following contraceptive methods. Intra-uterinc devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy,
medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects.Etiology, clinical features,
diagnosis and principles of management of - Cancer cervix. Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain,
infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapsed of uterus.

3. Preventive and Social medicine: Concept of causation and control of disease in the
community, principles and methods of Epidemiology, health hazards due to environmental
pollution and industrialisation. Normal nutrition and nutritional deficiency diseases in India.
Population trends (World and India), Growth of population and its effect on health and
development, objectives, components and critical analysis of each of the following National
programmes for the control/eradication of :

Malaria, Filaria, Kala-azar, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Cancer, Blindness, Iodine Deficiency

Disease, AIDS & STD and guinea worm.

Objectives, components critical analysis of each of the following National Health and Family
Welfare Programmes:

Maternal and child health family welfare Nutrition Immunization.

61
 Philosophy - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

History and Problems of Philosophy

Section-A

1. Plato : Theory of Ideas.

2. Aristotle : Form, Matter and Causation.
3. Descartes : Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge, God, Mind-Body Dualism,
4. Spinoza : Substance, Attributes and Modes, Pantheism; Bondage and Freedom.
5. Leibnitz : Monads; Theory of Perception of God.
6. Locke : Theory of Knowledge, Rejection of Innate Ideas; substance and qualities.
7. Berkeley: Immaterialism, God, Criticism of representative Theory of Perception.
8. Hume : Theory of knowledge, Scepticism Self, Causality.
9.Kant : Distinctions between synthetic and analytic judgements and between aprion and
aposteriori judgements, Space and Time Categories, Possibility of Synthetic Apriori
Judgements, Ideas of Reason and Antinomies; Criticism of Proofs for the Existence of
God.
10. Hegel : Dialectical Method, Absolute Idealism.
11. Moore, Russel and Early Withgenstein : Defence of Commonsense, Refutation of
idealism, Logical Atomism, Logical Constructions, Incomplete Symbols, Picture Theory
of Meaning, Saying and showing.
12. Logical Atomism : Atomic Facts, Atomic sentences, Logical Constructions and
Incomplete Symbols (Russell), Distinction of saying and showing (Wittgenstein)
13. Logical Positivism : Verification theory of meaning Rejection of Metaphysics,
Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.
14. Phenomenology : Husserl.
15. Existentiaslism : Kierkegaard, Sartre.
16. Quine : Radical kempiricism.
17. Strawson : Theory of Persons.
18. Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use, Language games, Critique of Private
Language.

Section-'B'

1. Carvaka : Theory of Knowledge, Materialism.

2. Jainism : Theory of Reality, Saptabhangimaya, Bondage and Liberation.
3. Buddhism : Pratityasamutpada, Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada, Schools of Buddhism,
Sautrantika Theory of Pramana. Ideal of Bodhisatva.
4. Samkhya : Prakriti, Purush, Theory of Causation, Liberation.
5. Nyaya-Vaisesika : Theory of Pramana, Self, Liberation, God and Proofs of God's
Existence, Categories, Theory of Causation, Atomistic theory of Creation.
6. Mimansa : Theory of Knowledge.
7. Vedanta : Schools of Vedanta Sankara, Ramanuja, Madhva (Brahman, Isvara, Atman,
Jiva, Jagat, Maya, Avidya Adhyasa, Moksa).
8. Yoga, Citta, Cittavritti, Klesas, Samadhi, Kaivalia.
9. Aurobindo : Evoluation, Involution, Integral Yoga.
62
 Paper- II
Section 'A'

Socio-Political Philosophy
1. Political Ideals : Equality, Justice, Liberty.
2. Sovereignty (Austin, Boidin, Laski, Kautilya).
3. Individual and State.
4. Forms of Government : Monarchy, Theocracy and Democracy.
5. Socialism and Marxism.
6. Humanism.
7. Secularism.
8. Crime and Punishment : Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital
Punishment
9. Co-existence and violence; Sarvoday.
10. Gender Discrimination : Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights,
Empowerment.
11. Development and Social progress.
12. Philosophy of Ecology.
13. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar

Section-'B'

Philosophy of Religion
1. Notions of God : Personalistic, Imparsonalistic, Naturalistic.
2. Proofs of the Existence of God and their criticisms.
3. Immortality of Soul.
4. Liberation.
5. Problem of Evil.
6. Religious Knowledge : Reason, Revelation and Faith.
7. Religion without God.
8. Religion and Morality.
9. Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western).
10. Religious Pluralism and the problem of Absolute Truth.
11. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic, Cognitivist and Non-
cognitive.

Physics - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I

Section-A

1. Classical Mechanics

(a) Particle dynamics : Law of motion, conservation of energy and momentum,

applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations, motion under a
central force, conservation of angular momentum, Keplers laws, Fields and potentials
Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poison equations,
gravitational self energy, two body problem, reduced mass, Rutherford scattering, centre
of mass and laboratory reference frames.
(b) Rigid body dynamics : System of particles, Centre of mass, angular momentum,
equations of motion, conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular
momentum, elastic and inelastic collisions, rigid body, degrees of freedom, Eulers
theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, theorems of parallel
and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation, molecular rotations(as rigid
bodies), Di and triatomic molecules, precessional motion, top, gyroscope.

63
2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics

(a) Special Relativity : Michelson-Money experiment and its implications. Lorentz

transformations-length contraction, time dilation, addition of velocities, aberration and
Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applicatior to a decay process. Minkowski
diagram, four dimensional momentum vector. Covariancc of equations of physics.

(b) Waves : Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and
resonance. Beats. Stationary wave in a string. Pulses and wave packets. Phase and
group velocities. Reflection and Refraction from Huygens' principle.

(c) Geometrical Optics : Laws of relfection and refraction from Fermat's principle. Matrix
method in paraxial optic-thin lense formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses,
chromatic and spherical aberrations.

3. Physical Optics
(a) Interference : Interference of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference
by thin films,. Michelson interferometer. Multiple beam interference and Fabry-Perot
interferometer. Holography and simple applications.

(b) Diffraction : Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving
power. Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zones plates. Fresnel integrals.
Application of Cornu's spiral to the analysis of diffraction at a straight edge and by a long
narrow slit. Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern.

(c) Polarisation and Modern Optics : Production and detection oflenierly and circularly
polarised light. Double refraction, quarter wave plate. Optical activity. Principles of fibre
optics, attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material
dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne
lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focusing of laser
beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation.

Section-B

4. Electricity and Magnetism

(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics : Laplace ad Poisson equations in electrostatics

and their applications. Energy of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar
potential. Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force
and torque on a dipole in an external field. Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary-
value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magentic
shell, uniformly magnetised sphere. Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity : Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere's
law, Faraday's law, Lenz' law. Self-and mutual-inductances. Mean and rms values in AC
circuits. LR C.R and LCR circuits- scries and parallel resonance. Quality factor, principal of
transformer.

5. Electromagnetic Theory & Black body Radiation

(a) Electromagnetic Theory : Displacement current and Maxwell's equatons. Wave

equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem. Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge invariance,
Lorenlz and Coulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell's
equations. Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the
boundary of two dielectrics. Fresnel's relations. Normal and anomalous dispersion.
Rayleigh scattering.

(b) Blackbody radiation : Blackbody radiation and Plancks radiation law- Stefan-
Boltzmann law, Wiens displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law. Planck mass, Planck
length, Planck time,. Planck temperature and Planck energy.

6. Thermal and Statistical Physics

64
(a) Thremodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes,
entropy, Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy change. Otto and
Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase rule and chemical potential, Van der Waals equation of state
of a real gas, critical constants. Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities,
transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems. Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye's
theories of specific heat of solids. Maxwell relations and applications. Clausius- Clapeyron
equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics : Saha ionization formula. Bose-Einstein condensation.

Thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar limit, elementary ideas
about neutron stars and pulsars. Brownian motion as a random walk, diffusion process.
Concept of negative temperatures.

Paper-II
Section-A

1. Quantum Mechanics : Wave-particle dualitiy. Schroedinger equation and expectation

values. Uncertainty principle. Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for
free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear
harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission by a potential step and by a rectangular
barrier. Use of WKB formula for the life-time calculation in the alpha-decay problem. Particle
in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals. Angular
momentum problem. The hydrogen atom. The spin half problem and properties of Pauli Spin
matrices.

2. Atomic Physics : Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, time structure of hydrogen

atom. L-S coupling, J-J coupling. Spectroscopic notation of atomic states. Zeeman effect.
Frank-Condon principle and applications.

3. Molecular Physics : Elementary theory of rotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of

diatomic molecules. Raman effect and molecular structure. Laser Raman spectroscopy
Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in
astronomy Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Elementary theory and applications of
NMR and EPR, Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

Section-B
4. Nuclear Physics : Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum,
parity, magnetic moment. Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas.
Ground slate of a deutecron magnetic moment and non-central forces. Meson theory of
nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear forces. Shell model of the nucleus-success and
limitations. Violation of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and internal conversion.
Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy. Q-value of nuclear reactions. Nuclear
fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.
5. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics
(a) Particle Physics : Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
Conservation laws. Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of electroweak and strong
interactions. Elementary ideas about unification of forces. Physics of neutrinos.
(b) Solid State Physics : Cubic crystal structure. Band theory of solids conductors,
insulators and semiconductors. Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson
junctions and applications. Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.
6. Electronics : Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.
Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET. Digital electronics-Boolean
identities, De Morgan's laws, Logic gates and truth tables, Simple logic circuits. Thermistors,
solar cells. Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers.

65
 Political Science and International Relations - Optional

of Part D - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-1

Political Theory and Indian Politics

Section-A

1. Approaches to the study of political theory: Historical, normative and empirical.

2. Theories of state: Social contract, Liberal, -Neo-liberal, Marxist, communitarian,

post- colonial.

3. State Sovereignty: Marxist and pluralistic theories; globalisation and the State.

4. Democracy and Human Rights: Democratic theory-classical and contemporary.

Theories of Human Rights; Theories of justice, equality and revolution, political
obligation; New-Social Movements.

5. Theories of Political Culture: Culture and politics in Third World countries.

6. Theories of Political Economy: Classical and contemporary.

7. Political Ideologies: Nature of Ideology; Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism,.

Gandhism and Anarchism.

8. Concept of power: Hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.

9. Indian Political Thought: Diharamshastra, Arthashastra and Budhist Traditions,

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K.Gandhi, B.R.Ambedkar, M.N.Roy.

10. Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, J S Mill, Hegel and Marx,
Lenin, Rosa Luxernberg and Mao Zedong.

Section-B

Indian Government and Politics

1. Indian Nationalism: Dadabhai Naoroji, Tilak, Savarkar, Gandhi, Jayaprakash Narain,

Nehru, Subhas Bose, Ambedkar, Ram Manobar Lohia.

2. Nature and struggle of Indian freedom struggle : From constitutionalism to mass

Satyagraha, Revolutionary Movements, Non-co-operation, Civil Disobedience and Quit
India, Indian Naval uprising, Indian National Army; role of women in freedom struggle.

3. Socio-economic dimensions of the nationalist movement: The communal question

and the demand for partition; backward caste movements, Trade union and Peasant
movements, Civil rights movement.

4. Landmarks in Constitutional Development during British Rule: Morley-Minto

Reforms; Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms; Simon Commission; Government of India
Act, 1935; Ciipps Mission : Indian Independence Act, 1947.

5. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and
Duties, Directive Principles; Federalism, Parliamentary System; Amending Procedures;
Judicial Review.

6. The Executive System in theory and practice: President, Prime Minister and the
Council of Ministers; Governor, Chief Minister and the State Council of Ministers, the
Bureaucracy.

7. Role and function of the Parliament and Parliamentary Committee : Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha; changing socio economic profile.

8. The Supreme Court and the High Courts: Judicial Activism; P1L.
66
9. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : UPSC, Election Commission, Comptroller and
Auditor General, Backward Classes Commission, National Commission for women;
National Human Rights Commission; Minorities Commission.

10. Party system : Ideology and social base of parties; fragmentation and regionalisation.
Pressure groups; patterns of coalition politics; trends in electoral behaviour.

11. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity In Indian Politics.

12. Planning and Economic Development : Role of the Planning Commission; Planning in
the era of liberalisation; political dimensions of economic reforms.

13. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of

73rd and 74th Amendments. Grass root movement and women's empowerment.

Paper - II

Comparative Politics and International Relations

Section-A

Comparative Analysis and International Politics

1. Approaches to the study of comparative politics : traditional approaches; political

economy, political sociology or political system approaches; Nature of political process in
the Third World.

2. The Modern State : Evolution, the contemporary trends in the advanced industrial
countries and the third world.

3. Development: Strategies and contemporary discourse.

4. Concepts of International politics : Power, national interest, balance of power, national

security,collective security and peace.

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist,

Functionalist and Systems theory.

6. Determinants of foreign policy : Domestic compulsions, geopolitics, geoeconomics

and global order.

7. Origin and contemporary relevance of the Cold War, nature of the post-cold war global
order.

8. Major issues of world politics : Cuban Missile Crisis; Vietnam War, Oil Crisis, Afghan
Civil War, Gulf War, Collapse of the Soviet Union, Yugoslav Crisis.

9. Non-alignment : Concept and movement; Third World Movements for global justice,
Non-alignment in the post cold war era.

10. The evolution of the international economic systcm-from Bretton woods to WTO, the
North-South dimension.

11. International Organisations UN and its specialized agencies : International Court of

Justice; ILO, UNICEF, WHO UNESCO.

12. Regional, Organizations such as the ASEAN, APEC, EU. SAARC, NAFTA

13. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, Human Rights, Ecology, Gender

Justice, Global commons, Communication.

67
 Section-B

India and the World

1. Indian Foreign Policy : Historical origins, determinants of foreign policy ; the institutions
of policy-making; continuity and change.
2. India and the Non-Alignment Movement: Evolution and contemporary relevance.
Sociopolitical basis of non-alignment-domestic and global.
3. Major issues in Indian foreign policy : Sino-Indian Border War (1962); Indo-Pakistan
War (1971) and the liberation of Bangladesh; 1PKF in Sri Lanka India as military nuclear
power (1998).
4. Conflict and co-operation in South Asia : India's relations with Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Regional co-operation and SAARC. Kashmir question in India's
foreign policy.
5. Indias relation with Africa and Latin America.
6. India and South East Asia; ASEAN.
7. India and the major powers : USA, EU, China, Japan and Russia.
8. India and the UN System : Indias role in UN Peace- Keeping and global disarmament.
9. India and the emerging international economic order; multilateral agencies-WTO, IMF,
IBRD, ADB.
10. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy.

Psychology - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I
Foundations of Psychology
Section-A

1. Introduction : Psychology as a Science : Definitions and perspective. Psychology in

relation to other social and natural sciences. Use of interdisciplinary approach.

2. Methods of Psychology : Characteristics and components of methods in psychology

(induction, deduction and introspection) observation, Survey, Laboratory and field
experiments Clinical and case study. Experimental and quasi experimental methods.
Focussed group discussion, brain storming, grounded theory approach.

3. Research methods and quantitative analysis : Major steps in psychological research

(problem statement, hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data
collection, analysis and interpretation and report writing). Fundamental versus applied
research, Methods of data collection (interview, observation, questionnaire and case
study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical
techniques (t-lest, two-way ANOVA correlation and regression and chi-square tests).

4. Development of Human Behaviour : The nature, origin and development. Role of

genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour. Influence of cultural
factors in socialisation. Life span development-the critical periods and their handling,
mastery of the developmental tasks, influence of child rearing practices and its impact
on the growth and development of the individual, concept of national character.
Sensation concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds, signal-detection
and vigilance.

5. Attention and perception : Attention - factors, influencing attention including set and
characteristics of stimulus. Sensation-concepts of threshold, absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection and vigilance. Definition and concept of perception,
68
 biological factors in perception. Perceptual organisation-influence of past experiences,
Perceptual defence-factors influencing, space and depth perception, size estimation
and perceptual readiness. The plasticity of perception, extrasensory perception, culture
and perception, subliminal perception.

6. Learning : Concepts and theories of learning (Pavlov, Skimer and Piaget). The
processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning,
probability learning, self instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of
reinforcement, modelling and social learning.

7. Memory : Concepts and definition of memory and forgetting, 7+/-2 concept and
clumking Encoding, storage and retrieval. Factors influencing- retention and forgetting.
Theories of forgetting (Repression, Decay and Interference theories). The concept of
reminiscence.

Section-B

8. Thinking and Problem Solving : Concept formation processes. Reasoning and

problem solving. Creative thinking and fostering creativity. Information processing.
Decision making and judgment.

9. Intelligence and Aptitude : Concept of intelligence and aptitude, nature and theories
of intelligence, Spearman, Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P.Das.
Emotional intelligence, social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes,
concept of IQ deviation IQ, constancy of IQ. Measurement of multiple intelligence- fluid
intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

10. Motivation and Emotion : Definition and concepts. Theories and physiological basis of
motivation and emotion. Measurement of motivation and emotion Motivation and
emotion-their effects on behaviour.

11.Personality : Concept and definition of personality. Theories of personality

(psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic,
behaviouristic, trait and type approaches). Measurement of personality (projective tests,
pencil-paper test). The Indian approach to Personality. Training for personality
development.

12. Language and Communication : Human language-properties, structure and linguistic

hierarchy, Language acquisition-predisposition, critical period hypothesis. Theories of
language development (Skinner; Chomsky), Process and types of communication.
Effective communication and training.

13. Attitudes, Values and Interests : Definitions, concepts of attitudes, values and
interests. Components ofattitudes, values and interests. Formation and maintenance
of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests. Theories of attitudes, and
attitudes changes and strategies for fostering values.

14. Recent Trends : Computer application in the psychological laboratory and

psychological testing. Artificial intelligence. Psychocybernetics. Study of
consciousness-sleep-walk schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation,
hypnotic/drug induced states, Extrasensory perception. Inlersensory perception
Simulation studies.

Paper - II
Psychology : Issues and Applications
Section - A

1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Diference : The nature of individual

differences, Characteristics and construction of standardized psychological tests. Types
of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of psychological tests. Ethical issues
in the use of psychological tests.

69
2. Well being and Mental Disorders : Concept of health, positive health, well being and ill
health casual factors in, Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders,
schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse
disorders). Factors influencing positive health, well being, lifestyle and quality of life.

3. Therapeutic Approaches : Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client

centered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Reiki, Meditation)
Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill.

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour : Personnel selection and training.

Use of Psychological tests in the industry, Training and human resource development.
Theories of work motivation. Leadership and participatory management. Advertising
and marketing. Stress and its management, ergonomics, consumer psychology,
managerial effectiveness, transformational leadership, sensitivity training, power and
politics in organizations.
5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field : Psychological principles underlying
effective teaching-learning process.Learning styles Gifted, retarded, learning disabled
and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement.
Personality development and value education. Educational, vocational guidance and
Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions.
6. Community Psychology : Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Role of
community psychologists in social change. Use of small groups in social action.
Arousing community consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group
decision making and leadership for social change.
7. Rehabilitation Psychology : Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes-
role of psychologists. Organising of services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally
and socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of persons
suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behaviours.
Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Rehabiliation of HIV/AIDS victims.

Section B

8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups : The concepts of

disadvantaged, deprivation and socially deprived. Social, physical, cultural and
economic consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and
motivating the disadvantaged towards development.
9. Psychological and the problem of social integration : The concept of social
integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice.
Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual
factors of such conflicts and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the
conflicts and prejudices. Measures to achieve social integration.

10. Application of psychology in Information Technology and Mass media : The

present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of
psychologists. Selection and training of psychology professionals to work in the field of
IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. lintrepreneurship
through e-commerce. Multilevel marketing. Impact of TV and
fostering value through IT and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent
developments in Information Technology.

11. Application of Psychology in the field of Defence : The concept of Military

psychology, Aviation psychology and Psychological warfare role of military
psychologists in the defence. Selection, recruitment and training of personnel.
Facilitating the process of adjustment of personnel to military life-role of counselling.
Devising psychological tests for defence personnel. Psychological disorders due to war.
Human engineering in defence.

70
12. Psychology and Economic development : Achievement motivation and economic
development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. Motivating and Training
people for entreprcneurship and economic development. Women Entrepreneurs.
Consumer rights and consumer courts.
13. Application of psychology to environment and related fields : Environmental
psychology-effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population psychology-
psychological consequences of population explosion and high population density.
Motivating for small family norms. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth
on degradation of environment.
14. Other applications of psychology : Sports psychology-improving performance of
sports personnel, psychology and understanding of political behaviour. Voting
behaviours. Psychology of corruption and strategies to deal with Psychology of
terrorism.

Public Administration - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper- I
Administrative theory
Section A
1 Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Public and
Private Administration, Wilsons vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the
discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach and
New Public Management perspective. Features of Entrepreneurial Government, Good
Governance : concept and application, New Public Management.
2. Theories of Administration : Nature and typologies; Scientific Management (Taylor
and the Scientific Management Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and
others), Bureaucratic Theory. (Marxist view, Webers model and its critique, post-
Weberian developments.) Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and (C.I. Barnard) Human
Relations School (Elton Mayo and and others). Behavioral Approach to Organizational
Analysis. Participative Management; (Mc.Gregor, Likert and others). The Systems
Approach; Open and closed systems.
3. Structure of public organisations : Typologies of Political Executive and their
functions. Forms of public organizations : Ministries and Departments : Corporations;
Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc and Advisory bodies. Headquarters and
Field relationships.
4. Administrative Behaviour : Process and techniques of decision-making,
communication, morale, motivation theories content, process and contemporary,
theories of leadership, traditional and modern.
5. Accountability and Control : Concepts of accountability and Control; Legislative
Executive and Judicial Control over administration. Citizen and Administration, Role of
Civil society, peoples participation, Right to information, administrative corruption,
machinery for redressal of citizens grievances. Citizens Charter.
6. Administrative Law : Meaning and Significance. Delegated legislation : Types,
Advantages, Limitations, safeguards, administrative Tribunals : limitations and methods
of ensuring effectiveness.

Section B

7. Administrative Reforms : Meaning, process and obstacles. Techniques of

administrative improvement : O and M; Work Study and Work Management,
Information Technology.

71
8. Comparative Public Administration : Historical and sociological factors affecting
administrative systems, administration and politics in different countries, current status
of comparative public administration, ecology and administration, Riggsian models and
their critique.
9. Development Administration : Origin and purpose, Riggs Prismatic-Sala Model;
Bureaucracy and Development; Changing profile of Development Administration; new
directions in peoples self development and empowerment.
10. Public Policy : Relevance of Policy making in Public Administration. Model of Policy-
making Sectoral policies (e.g. Energy, Industries Education and Transport Policies)
Process of Policy formulation, problems of implementation, feed-back and evaluation.
11. Personnel Administration : Objectives of Personnel Administration. Importance of
human resource development. Recruitment, training, career development,
position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pay and service
conditions; employer- employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism integrity
and code of conduct.
12. Financial administration : Monetary and fiscal policies. Resource mobilisation : tax
and non-tax sources. Public borrowings and public debt. Concepts and types of
budget. Preparation and execution of the budget. Deficit financing Performance
budgeting. Legislative control, Accounts and Audit. Organisation and methods, work
study and work management, e-governance and information technology, management
aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

Paper- II

Indian Administration

Section A

1. Evolution of Indian Administration : Kautilya, Mughal period, British legacy.

2. Constitutional framework : Value premises of the Constitution, Parliamentary

democracy, federalism, Planning. Human Rights : National Human Rights Commission.

3. Union Government and Administration : President Prime Minister, Council of

Ministers, Cabinet committees, Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Ministers Office, Central
Secretariat, Ministries and Departments, Advisory Bodies, Boards and Commissions,
Field organizations.

4. State Government and Administration-Governor, Chief Minsiter, Council of

Ministers, Chief Secretary, State Secretariat, Directorates.

5. District Administration: Changing role of the District Collector : Law and Order and
development management. Relationship with functional departments. District
administration and the Panchayati Raj institutions. Role and functions of the Sub-
Divisional Officer.

6. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government. Structures,

Functions, finances. Main features of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendcments
Problems of implementation. Major rural and urban development programmes and their
management.

7. Public Sector : Forms of public undertakings. Their contribution to the economy;

problems of autonomy and accountability. Changing role of the public sector in the
context of liberalisation.

72
 Section B

8. Civil Services: Constitutional position, structure, recruitment, training and capacity

building, good governance initiatives, code of conduct and discipline, staff
associations, political rights, grievance redressal mechanism, civil service neutrality,
civil service activism.

9. Control of Public Expenditure: Parliamentary control Estimates Committee, Public

Accounts Committee, Committee on Public Undertakings, Office of the Comptroller
and Auditor General of India, Role of the finance ministry in monetary and fiscal policy
area, co-ordination and economy in expenditure.

10. Administrative Reforms : Reforms since independence. Reports of the Administrative

Reforms Commission, Problems of implementation.

11. Machinery for Planning : Role, composition and review of functions of the Planning
Commission; Role of the National Development Council. Process of plan formulation at
Union and State levels. Decentralized planning.

12 Administration of Law and Order : Role of Central and State Agencies in

maintenance of law and order. Criminalisation of politics and administration.

13. Welfare Administration : Machinery for welfare administration at the national and
state levels. Central Social Welfare Board and the State Social Welfare Boards.
Special organizations for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Welfare Programmes for women and children. Problems of child labour. Role of civil
society.

14. Major issues in Indian Administration : Problems of Centre-State Relations;

Relationship between political and permanent Executives. Values in public service and
administrative culture. Lok Pal and Lok Ayuktas. Development and environmental
issues. Impact of information Technology on public administration. Indian
Administration and Globalisation.

15. Rural Development: Institutions and agencies since Independence, rural

development programmes, foci and strategies, decentralization and Panchayati Raj,
73rd Constitutional Amendment.

Sociology - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper-I
General Sociology/Foundations of Sociology/Fundamentals of Sociology

1. Sociology-The Discipline : (a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence
of Sociology. (b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences. (c)
Sociology and common sense.

2. Scientific Study of Social Phenomena : (a) Science, scientific method and critique. (b)
Major theoretical stands of research methodology. (c) positivism and its critique. (d) Fact
value and objectivity. (e) Non positivist methodologies.

3. Techniques of data collection and analysis : (a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.
(b)Techniques of data collection. (c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

4. Pioneering contributions to Sociology:

a) Karl Mark : Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation and class struggle.
b) Emile Durkhteim : Division of labour, social fact, religion and society.
c) Max Weber : Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the
spirit of capitalism.
d) Talcott. Parsons : Social system, pattern variables.
e) Robert K. Merton : Latent and manifest functions, anomic, conformity and deviance,
reference groups.
73
5. Marriage and Family :Types and forms of marriage; family-structure and function; personality
and socialization; Social control; family, lineage, descent and property; changing structure of
family marriage and sex roles in modem society; divorce and its implications; gender issues; role
conflicts.

6. Social Stratification : Concepts-hierarchy, inequality and stratification; theories of

stratification-Marx, Davis and Moore and Melvin Tumins critique; forms and functions; class-
different conceptions of class; class-in-itself and class-for-itself; caste and class; caste as a
class.

7. Social Mobility : Types of mobility-open and closed models; intra-and inter-generational

mobility; vertical and horizontal mobility; social mobility and social change.

8. Economic System : Sociological dimensions of economic life; the impact of economic

processes on the larger society; social aspects of division of labour and types of exchange;
features of pre-industrial and industrial economic system; industrialisation and social change;
social determinants of economic development.

9. Political System : The nature of power-personal power, community power, power of the elite,
class power, organisational power, power of the un-organised masses; authority and legitimacy;
pressure groups and political parties; voting behaviour; modes of political participation-
democratic and authoritarian forms.
10. Educational System : Education and Culture; equality of educational opportunity; social
aspects of mass education; problems of universalisation of primary education; role of community
and state intervention in education; education as an instrument of social control and social
change; education and modernisation.
11. Religion : Origins of religious beliefs in pre-modern socicites; the sacred and the profane;
social functions and dysfunctions of religion; monistic and pluralistic religion; organised and
unorganised religions; scmitism and antisemitism; religion,, sect and cults; magic, religion and
science.
12. Science & Technology :Ethos of science; social responsibility of science; social control of
science; social consequences of science and technology; technology and social change.
13. Social Movements :Concepts of social movements; genesis of social movements; ideology
and social movement; social movement and social change; types of social movements.
14. Social change in Modern Society: (a) Sociological theories of social change. (b)
Development and dependency, (c) Agents of social change. (d) Education and social
change. (e) Science, technology and social change.

Paper- II
Study of Indian Society

1. Historical Moorings of the Indian Society : (i) Perspective on the Study of Indian
Society: (a) Indology (G.S. Ghure). (b) Structural functionalism (M.N.Srinivas). (c)
Marxist sociology (A.R.Desai). (ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society: (a) Social
background of Indian nationalism. (b) Modernization of Indian tradition. (c) Protests and
movements during the colonial period. (d) Social reforms.
2. Caste System : Origin of the caste system; cultural and structural views about caste; mobility-
in caste; caste among Muslims and Christians; change and persistence of caste in modern India;
issues of equality and social justice; views of Gandhi and Ambedkar on caste; caste on an
Indian polity; Backward Classes Movement; Mandal Commission Report and issues of social
backwardness and social justice; emergence of Dalit consciousness.
3. Class Structure : Class structure in India, agrarian and industrial class structure; emergence
of middle class; emergence of classes among tribes; elite formation in India.
4. Marriage, Family and Kinship: Marriage among different ethnic groups, its changing trends
and its future; family-its structural and functional aspects-its changing forms; regional variations
in kinship systems and its socio-cultural correlates; impact of legislation and socio-economic
change on marriage and family; generation gap.
5. Agrarian Social Structure : Peasant society and agrarian systems; land tenure systems-
historical perspectives, social consequences of land reforms and green revolution; feudalism-
semi-feudalism debates; emerging agrarian class structure; agrarian unrest.

74
6 Industry and Society : Path of industrialisation, occupational diversification, trade unions and
human relations; market economy and its social consequences; economic reforms liberalisation,
privatisation and globalisation.
7. Political Processes : Working of the democratic political system in a traditional society;
political parties and their social base; social structural origins of political elites and their
orientations; regionalism, pluralism and national unity; decentralisation of power; panchayati raj
and nagarpalikas and 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments.
8. Education : Directive Principles of Stale Policy and primary education; education; educational
inequality and change; education and social mobility; the role of community and state
intervention in education; Universalisation of primary education; Total literacy Campaigns;
educational problems of disadvantages groups.
9. Religion and Society : Size, growth and regional distribution of different religious groups;
educational levels of different groups; problems of religious minorities; communal tensions;
secularism; conversions; religious fundamentalism.
10. Tribal Societies : Distinctive features of tribal communities and their geographical spread,
problems of tribal communities-land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, health and nutrition,
education; tribal development efforts after independence; tribal policy-isolation, assimilation and
integration; issues of tribal identity.
11. Population Dynamics :Population size, growth, composition and distribution; components of
population growth; birth rate, death rate and migration; determinants and consequences of
population growth: issues of age at marriage, sex ratio, infant mortality rate: population policy
and family welfare programmes.
12. Dimensions of Development : Strategy and ideology of planning; poverty, indebtedness
and bonded labour; strategies of rural development-poverty alleviation programmes;
environment, housing, slums, and unemployment; programmes for urban development.
13. Social Change : (i) Visions of Social Change in India (a) Idea of development planning
and mixed economy. (b) Constitution, law and social change. (c) Education and social
change. (ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India (a) Programmes of rural
development, Community Development Programme, Cooperatives, poverty alleviation
schemes. (b) Green revolution and social change. (c) Changing modes of production in
Indian agriculture. (d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration. (iii) Industrialization
and Urbanisation in India (a) Evolution of modern industry in India. (b) Growth of urban
settlements in India. (c) Working class, structure, growth, class mobilization. (d)
Informal sector, child labour. (e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.(iv) Politics and
Society (a) Nation democracy and citizenship. (b) Political parties, pressure groups,
social and political elite. (c) Regionalism and decentralization of power. (d)
Secularization. (V) Challenges of Social Transformation (a) Crisis of development,
displacement, environmental problems and sustainability. (b) Poverty, deprivation and
inequalities. (c) Violence against women. (d) Caste conflicts. (e) Ethnic conflicts,
communalism, religious revivalism. (f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.
14. Social Movements : Reform Movements : Arya Samaj, Satya Sadhak Samaj, Sri
Narayanguru Dharma Paripalana Sabha, and Ram Krishna Mission.
Peasant movements-Kisans Sabha, Telengana. Naxalbari.
Backward Castes Movement : Self-respect Movement, backward castes mobilisation in North
India.
15. Women and society : Demographic profile of women; special problems-dowry, atrocities,
discrimination; existing programmes for women and their impact. Situational analysis of
children; child welfare programmes.
16. Social Problems : Pres institution, AIDS, alcoholism, drug addiction, corruption.

75
 Statistics - Optional

of Part D - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper- I

1. Probability :Sample space and events, probability measure and probability

space, random variable as a measurable, function, distribution function of a random
variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function,
probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional
distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and
moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of
random variable in distribution, in probability, in path mean and almost everywhere, their
criteria and inter-relations, Borcel-Cantelli lemma, Chebyshevs in equality and Khintchines
weak laws of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and kolmogorovs theorems,
Glivenko-Cantelli theorem, probability generating function, characteristic function, inversion
theorem, Laplace transform, related uniqueness and continuity theorems, determination of
distribution by its moments. Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard
discrete and continuous probability distributions, their inter-relations and limiting cases,
simple properties of finite Markov chains.

2. Statistical Inference: Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, minimal

sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistic, factorization theorem, exponential family of
distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation,
Rao-Blackwell and LehmannScheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single and
several-parameter family of distributions, minimum variance bound estimator and its
properties, modifications and extensions of Cramer-Rao inequality, Chapman-Robbins
inequality, Bhattacharyyas bounds, estimation by methods of moments, maximum
likelihood, least- squares, minimum chi-square and modified minimum chi-square,
properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, idea of asymptotic efficiency, idea
of prior and posterior distributions, Bayes esiimators.

Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson

lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, generalised Neyman-Pearson lemma, similar
and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single and several-parameter families of distributions,
likelihood ralistest and its large sample properties, chi-square goodness of fit test and its
asymptotic distribution.Confidence bounds and its relation with tests, uniformly most
accurate (UMA) and UMA unbiased confidence bounds.

Kolmogorovs test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality.
Wilcoxon signedanks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run
test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic
normality. Walds SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions, Walds fundamental
identity, sequential estimation.

3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis: Linear statistical models, theory of

least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least
squares estimates and their precision, test of signficance and interval estimates based on
least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression
analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple
regression, multiple and partial correlations, regression diagnostics and sensitivity analysis,
calibration problems, estimation of variance and covariance components, MINQUE theory,
multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobiss D-2 and Hotellings T statistics and their
applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlatons, one-way
MANOVA, principal component analysis, elements of factor analysis.

76
4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments: An outline of fixed-population
and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling,
probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement,
stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy for structural populations,
cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of
estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability
proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the
Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the
Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors, Warners randomised response
technique for sensitive characteristics.
Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way
classification per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs,
concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial designs : 2n,
32 and 33, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs,
transformation of data Duncans multiple range test.
Paper- II

I. Industrial Statistics: Process and product control, general theory of control charts,
different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts,
cumulative sum chart, V-mask, single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for
attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producers and consumers risks,
AQL, LTPD and AOQL, sampling plans for variables, use of Dodge-Romin and Military
Standard tables.
Concepts of reliability, maintainability and availability, reliability of series and parallel
systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, survival
models (exponential), Weibull, lognonnal, Rayleigh, and bath-tub, different types of
redundancy and use of redundancy in reliability improvement, problems in life-testing,
censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.
2. Optimization Techniques: Different, types of models in Operations Research, their
construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods, the
structure and formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its
graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with
artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, statistics
sensitivity analysis, transportation and assignment problems; rectangular games, two-
person zero-sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algerbraic).
Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies,
concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems,
simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time,
storage models with particular reference to dam type.

Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of

states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continous-time Markov chains, Poisson
process, elements of queuing theory, M/M1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.Solution of
statistical problems on computers using well known statistical software packages like
SPSS.

3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics: Determination of trend, seasonal and

cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary of series, ARIMA models
and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components,
forecasting.

Commonly used index numbers-Laspeyres, Paasches and Fishers ideal index numbers,
chain-base index number uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of
wholesale prices, consumer price index number, index numbers of agricultural and
industrial production, test for index numbers like proportionality test, time-reversal test,
factor-reversal test, circular test and dimensional invariance test.

77
General linear model, ordinary least square and generalised least squires methods of
estimation, problem of multicollinearlity, consequences and solutions of multicollinearity,
autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing,
test for independence of disturbances, Zellners seemingly unrelated regression equation
model and its estimation, concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations,
problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least squares
method of estimation.

Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial

production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and
limitation and the principal publications containing, such statistics, various official agencies
responsible for data collection and their main functions.

4. Demography and Psychometry: Demographic data from census, registration, NSS

and other surveys, and their limitation and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital
rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death
rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and
census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, ficting a
logistic curve, population projection, stable population quasi-stable population, techniques
in estimation of demographic parameters, morbidity and its measurement, standard
classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.

Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores,

percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity of test
scores and its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.

Zoology - Optional

of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

Paper - I
Section A

1. Non-chordata and chordata :

(a) Classfication and relationship of varous phyla upto sub-classes; Acoelomata and
Coelomate; Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilaterllia and Radiata; Status of
Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa : Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction; evolution of sex; General features

and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium and Leishmania.

(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

(d) Coelenterata : Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs
and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and
Aurelia.

(e) Platyhelminthes : Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola
and Taenia and their relation to man.

(f) Nemathelminthes : General features, life history and parasitic adaptation of Ascaris;
nemathelminths in relation to man.

(g) Annelida : Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features
and life history of nereis (Neanthes), earthworm (Pheretima) and leach (Hirudinaria).

(h) Arthropoda : Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in
arthropods (prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts in insects
(cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insects
and its hormonal regulation; social organization in insects (termites and honey bees).
78
 (i) Mollusca : Feeding, respiration, locomotion, shell diversiy; general features and life
history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j) Echinodermata : Feeding, respiration, locomotion larval forms; general features and
life history of Asterias.

(k) Protochordata : Origin of chordates; general features and life history of

Branchiostoma and Herdamania.

(l) Pisces : Scales, respiration, locomotion, migration,

(m) Amphibia : Origin of tetrapods; parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n) Reptilia : Origin of reptiles; skull types; status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

(o) Aves : Origin of birds; flight adaptation, migration.

(p) Mammalia : Origin of mammals; denitition; general features of egg-laying mammals,

pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates; endocrine glands and other
hormone producing structures (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas,
gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and

its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory
system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches; urinogenital system,
brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

Section - B

2. Ecology :

(a) Biosphere: Concept of biosphere, biomes, Biogeochemical cyscle, human

induced changes in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological
sucession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology. Concept of ecosystem
structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological
succession, ecological adaptation.

(b) Population, characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(c) Conservation of natural resources- mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture;

forestry; grassland; wildlife (Project Tiger); susainable production in
agriculture-integrated pest management.

(d) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact oil biosphere and its
prevention.

3. Ethology:

(a) Behaviour : Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning,

instinct, habituation, conditioning, .imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis,

predator detection, predator tactics, social behaviour in insects and primates;
courtship (Drosophila, 3-spine stickleback and birds).

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms; biological clock, tidal,

seasonal and circadian rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour.

4. Economic Zoology:

(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture,
vermiculture.

79
 (b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (small pox, plague, malaria,
tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths) and vectors (ticks,
mites,Tabanus, Stomoxys)

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella); oil seed (Achaea -janata) and rice
(Sitophilus oryzae), transgenic animals.

(e) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic councelling, gene
therapy.

(f) Forensic biotechnology.

5. Biostatistics :

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and

measure of central tendency, chi square, student - test, F-test (one-way & two-
way F-test).

6. Instrumental methods :

(a) Spectrophotomeer, flame photometer, Geiger-Muller counter, scintilliation

counting.

(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

Paper - II

Section - A

I. Cell Biology :

(a) Structure and function of cell audits organelles(nucleus, plasma membrane,

mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and Iysosomes),
cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus,
chromosome movement.

(b) Watson-Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA, protein synthesis, transcription

and transcription factors.

2. Genetics .

a) Gene structure and functions; genetic code.

(b) Sex chromosomes and sex determination in Drosophila, nematodes and man.

(c) Mendels laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, linkage-maps, multiple

alleles, cistron concept; genetics of blood groups.

(d) Mutations and mutagenesis : radiation and chemical.

(e) Cloning technology, plasmids and cosmids as vectors, transgenics,

transposons, DNA sequence cloning and whole animal cloning (Principles and
methodology).

(f) Regulation and gene expression in pro-and eu-karyotes.

(g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences.

(h) Human genome mapping; DNA finger-printing.

(i) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger- printing,
riboazyme technologies, human genome project, genomics and protomics.

80
 3. Evolution : Theory of :

(a) Origin of life

(b) Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, mimicry, variation, isolation,

speciation.

(c) Fossils and fossilization; evolution of horse, elephant and man.

(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law, causes of change in gene frequency.

(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematics

(a) Zoological nomenclature; international code; cladistics.

Section B

5. Biochemistry

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, lipids, proteins, aminoacids, nucleic
acids; saturated and unsaturated fattyacids, cholesterol.

(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation
energy conservation and release, ATP cyclic AMP-its structure and role.

(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and

function.

(d) Enzymes : types and mechanisms of action; immunoglobulin and immunity;

vitamins and co-enzyrnes.

(e) Bioenergetics.

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals)

(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man;
factors and mechanism of coagulation; acid-base balance, thermo regulation.

(b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport; haemoglobin : constitutents and role in
regulation.

(c) Nutritive requirements; role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal
glands in digestion and absorption.

(d) Excretory products;nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmoregulation.

(e) Types of muscles, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles.

(f) Neuron, nerve impulse-its conduction and synaptic transmission; neuro

transmitters.

(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.

(h) Mechanism of hormone action.

(i) Physiology of reproduction, role of hormones and phermonies.

7. Developmental /Biology

(a) Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo

capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency, fertilization,
morphogenesis and morphogen, blastogenesis, establishment of body axes
formation, fate map, gestulation in frog and chick, genes in development in
chick homeotic genes, development od eye and heart placenta in mammals.
81
(b) Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and in duced teratogenesis, role of
thyroxine in control of metamorphosism amphibian, paedogenesis and
neoteny, cell death, aging.

(c) Developmental genes in man, in vivro fertilization, and embryo transfer,

cloning.

(d) Stem cells: sources types and their use in human welfare.

(e) Biogenetic law.

82