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    Hydrol 403 3.3.2 Flood Prediction, 3.3.2.1 Graph Analysis Reporter: Ma. Carmela Joy V. Nagum 3.3.2 Flood Prediction

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    MCJ Nagum
    Flood prediction uses forecasted precipitation and streamflow data in models to forecast water levels and flow rates hours to days ahead depending on watershed size. It is an important part of flood warning to inform decisions about flood warnings. A unit hydrograph represents the hypothetical runoff response of a watershed to one unit of uniform rainfall over a period of time. It assumes watershed response is linear and time-invariant, which is not strictly true but provides a reasonable approximation. The unit hydrograph technique allows the calculation of hydrograph response to any rainfall event using superposition and proportionality. An instantaneous unit hydrograph further simplifies the analysis by assuming all rainfall occurs at a single point in time.

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    Hydrol 403 3.3.2 Flood Prediction, 3.3.2.1 Graph Analysis Reporter: Ma. Carmela Joy V. Nagum 3.3.2 Flood Prediction

    Uploaded by

    MCJ Nagum
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    Flood prediction uses forecasted precipitation and streamflow data in models to forecast water levels and flow rates hours to days ahead depending on watershed size. It is an important part of flood warning to inform decisions about flood warnings. A unit hydrograph represents the hypothetical runoff response of a watershed to one unit of uniform rainfall over a period of time. It assumes watershed response is linear and time-invariant, which is not strictly true but provides a reasonable approximation. The unit hydrograph technique allows the calculation of hydrograph response to any rainfall event using superposition and proportionality. An instantaneous unit hydrograph further simplifies the analysis by assuming all rainfall occurs at a single point in time.

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    Report in Hydrology

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    HYDROL-403

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    Flood prediction uses forecasted precipitation and streamflow data in models to forecast water levels and flow rates hours to days ahead depending on watershed size. It is an important part of flood warning to inform decisions about flood warnings. A unit hydrograph represents the hypothetical runoff response of a watershed to one unit of uniform rainfall over a period of time. It assumes watershed response is linear and time-invariant, which is not strictly true but provides a reasonable approximation. The unit hydrograph technique allows the calculation of hydrograph response to any rainfall event using superposition and proportionality. An instantaneous unit hydrograph further simplifies the analysis by assuming all rainfall occurs at a single point in time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    24 views1 page

    Hydrol 403 3.3.2 Flood Prediction, 3.3.2.1 Graph Analysis Reporter: Ma. Carmela Joy V. Nagum 3.3.2 Flood Prediction

    Uploaded by

    MCJ Nagum
    Flood prediction uses forecasted precipitation and streamflow data in models to forecast water levels and flow rates hours to days ahead depending on watershed size. It is an important part of flood warning to inform decisions about flood warnings. A unit hydrograph represents the hypothetical runoff response of a watershed to one unit of uniform rainfall over a period of time. It assumes watershed response is linear and time-invariant, which is not strictly true but provides a reasonable approximation. The unit hydrograph technique allows the calculation of hydrograph response to any rainfall event using superposition and proportionality. An instantaneous unit hydrograph further simplifies the analysis by assuming all rainfall occurs at a single point in time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    HYDROL 403

    3.3.2 Flood Prediction, 3.3.2.1 Graph Analysis


    Reporter: Ma. Carmela Joy V. Nagum

    3.3.2 Flood Prediction


    Flood prediction is the use of
    forecasted precipitation and streamflow data
    in rainfall-runof and streamflow routing models to
    forecast flow rates and water levels for periods ranging
    from a few hours to days ahead, depending on the size
    of the watershed or river basin. Flood forecasting can
    also make use of forecasts of precipitation in an
    attempt to extend the lead-time available.
    Flood forecasting is an important component of flood
    warning, where the distinction between the two is that
    the outcome of flood forecasting is a set of forecast
    time-profiles of channel flows or river levels at various
    locations, while "flood warning" is the task of making
    use of these forecasts to tell decisions on warnings of
    floods

    3.3.2.1 Graph Analysis


    A unit hydrograph (UH) is the hypothetical unit
    response of a watershed (in terms of runof volume
    and timing) to a unit input of rainfall. It can be defined
    as the direct runof hydrograph (DRH) resulting from
    one unit (e.g., one cm or one inch) of efective rainfall
    occurring uniformly over that watershed at a uniform
    rate over a unit period of time. As a UH is applicable
    only to the direct runof component of a hydrograph
    (i.e., surface runof), a separate determination of the
    baseflow component is required.

    The UH technique provides a practical and relatively


    easy-to-apply tool for quantifying the efect of a unit of
    rainfall on the corresponding runof from a particular
    drainage basin. UH theory assumes that a watershed's
    runof response is linear and time-invariant, and that
    the efective rainfall occurs uniformly over the
    watershed. In the real world, none of these
    assumptions are strictly true. Nevertheless, application
    of UH methods typically yields a reasonable
    approximation of the flood response of natural
    watersheds. The linear assumptions underlying UH
    theory allows for the variation in storm intensity over
    time (i.e., the storm hyetograph) to be simulated by
    applying the principles of superposition and
    proportionality to separate storm components to
    determine the resulting cumulative hydrograph. This
    allows for a relatively straightforward calculation of the
    hydrograph response to any arbitrary rain event.

    An instantaneous unit hydrograph is a further


    refinement of the concept; for an IUH, the input
    rainfall is assumed to all take place at a discrete point
    in time (obviously, this isn't the case for actual
    rainstorms). Making this assumption can greatly
    simplify the analysis involved in constructing a unit
    hydrograph, and it is necessary for the creation of a
    geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph.

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