Heavy Oil Drag Reducing Agent PDF
Heavy Oil Drag Reducing Agent PDF
Heavy Oil Drag Reducing Agent PDF
w/DRA
Laminar
Sublayer
Buffer
Region
Turbulent
Core
DRAs (Traditional)
Low viscosity
Light/Moderate
Crude Oil
High Turbulence
Excellent performance
High viscosity
Heavy Crude Oil Low turbulence
Poor or no performance
Flow Improver Solutions
High
Compatibility
Moderate 41.6
Intermediate
4000
3500
3000 250
2500 200
2000
150
1500
45C 29C
1000 100
130
125
Flowing Capacity (Kbbls/day)
115
110
105
100
94,000 bpd avg.
95
90 Start pumping Castilla Start pumping Castilla
85 Start pumping Apiay Start pumping Apiay
80
Barrels pumped
Flow Improver Solutions
Field Test Condition (Thousands DRA Dosage DRA Dosage (Thousands (Thousands Flow
of BPD) (ppmv) (ppmv) of BPD) of BPD)
Increase
Test Pipeline Operations ExtremePower injected into Castilla Blend
ExtremePower
91.2
exceeded ExtremePower
injection in each
68 118.0 121.0 29.3
crude
model Normal Pipeline Operation ExtremePower injected into Castilla, LP 300 injected into Apiay
65% Castilla 93.6
Blend/35 % Apiay
Wastewater Quality
Lab Oil & Grease levels did not increase
Refinery COD and Oil & Grease values unchanged during testing
Distillation Products
WCS crude oil distilled Gasoline, Jet Fuel, Diesel cuts
Refinery lab testing showed no difference in quality of product cuts from
treated versus untreated oil
Thermal Decomposition
700 F thermal degradation
No organic acids; all decomposition products benign
Flow Improver Solutions
Summary
New DRA, ExtremePower Flow Improver developed
Acknowledgements