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    CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O

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    Aman Lilani
    This experiment aimed to verify Hess' law by determining the enthalpy of hydration of copper sulfate using a calorimeter. Hess' law states that the enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway as long as the starting and ending conditions are the same. The experiment measured the temperature changes of adding water to anhydrous copper sulfate and hydrated copper sulfate. The calculated enthalpy values were combined to find the total enthalpy of the hydration reaction. The experimental value had a percentage error of 8.509% compared to the literature value. Sources of error included inaccuracies in water volume measurements and heat loss to the calorimeter.

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    CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O

    Uploaded by

    Aman Lilani
    4K views3 pages
    This experiment aimed to verify Hess' law by determining the enthalpy of hydration of copper sulfate using a calorimeter. Hess' law states that the enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway as long as the starting and ending conditions are the same. The experiment measured the temperature changes of adding water to anhydrous copper sulfate and hydrated copper sulfate. The calculated enthalpy values were combined to find the total enthalpy of the hydration reaction. The experimental value had a percentage error of 8.509% compared to the literature value. Sources of error included inaccuracies in water volume measurements and heat loss to the calorimeter.

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    CuSO4

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    CuSO4 + 5H2O →CuSO4.5H2O

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    This experiment aimed to verify Hess' law by determining the enthalpy of hydration of copper sulfate using a calorimeter. Hess' law states that the enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway as long as the starting and ending conditions are the same. The experiment measured the temperature changes of adding water to anhydrous copper sulfate and hydrated copper sulfate. The calculated enthalpy values were combined to find the total enthalpy of the hydration reaction. The experimental value had a percentage error of 8.509% compared to the literature value. Sources of error included inaccuracies in water volume measurements and heat loss to the calorimeter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views3 pages

    CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O

    Uploaded by

    Aman Lilani
    This experiment aimed to verify Hess' law by determining the enthalpy of hydration of copper sulfate using a calorimeter. Hess' law states that the enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway as long as the starting and ending conditions are the same. The experiment measured the temperature changes of adding water to anhydrous copper sulfate and hydrated copper sulfate. The calculated enthalpy values were combined to find the total enthalpy of the hydration reaction. The experimental value had a percentage error of 8.509% compared to the literature value. Sources of error included inaccuracies in water volume measurements and heat loss to the calorimeter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Oakridge International School Harshith Kompally

    Class of 2015

    Hess Law
    Aim: To verify Hess law by determining the enthalpy of hydration of copper sulfate using a
    calorimeter.

    Background Information:
    CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O
    The goal of this experiment is to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction mentioned
    above.
    Hess Law states that the enthalpy change for any chemical reaction is independent of the
    route, provided the starting conditions and final conditions, and reactants and products, are
    the same. Hence, the enthalpy of the reaction can be calculated by using the 2 other
    pathways for the reaction. This means that the enthalpy of the reaction can be calculated
    using the other pathways of the reaction, which includes two other reactions:
    1. CuSO4 (s) + H2O (l) CuSO4 (aq)
    2. CuSO45H2O + H2O (l) CuSO4 (aq)

    Apparatus Required:
    1. 4.00 g of CuSO4 (s)
    2. 6.25 g of CuSO4.5H2O (s)
    3. 1 Dry Stoppered Weighing Bottle
    4. 49 mL of Distilled Water
    5. 2 Polystyrene Cup Calorimeters
    6. 1 Thermometer
    7. 1 Measuring Cylinder
    8. 1 Electronic Balance
    Oakridge International School Harshith Kompally
    Class of 2015

    Data Collection and Processing

    Trial 1 Trial 2
    Initial Final Initial Final
    Temperature / C Temperature / C Temperature / C Temperature / C
    CuSO4 27 45 27 44
    CuSO4.H2O 27 27 27 26.5

    For this experiment, 25 mL of water was added to the anhydrous Copper Sulfate and 24 mL
    of water was added to the Hydrated Copper Sulfate. Initial and final temperatures were
    then taken and recorded in the table above.
    To calculate the enthalpy change, = T can be used.
    = T Where Q = heat produced, M = mass of the system, C = specific heat capacity of
    water, and T = change in temperature
    Enthalpy of Copper Sulfate:
    Using = T , we can determine it for both the CuSO4 trials:
    1 = 29 4.18 18 = 2181.97
    2 = 29 4.18 17 = 2060.74
    Average of Q1 and Q2= 2121.35 J.
    Number of moles of CuSO4=0.025
    2121.35
    Enthalpy change (H) for CuSO4 (s) + H2O (l) CuSO4 (aq) = = 84.854 1
    0.025

    Enthalpy of Hydrated Copper Sulfate:


    To calculate this, we must repeat the calculations for anhydrous Copper Sulfate.
    Using = T , we can determine that for the first hydrous CuSO4 trial:
    But since there was no change in temperature, the overall heat evolved from the system is:
    = 30.25 4.18 0 = 0 J
    Therefore, the enthalpy of the reaction between hydrated Copper Sulfate and water is also
    0 kJ mol-1.
    To find the total enthalpy value for the reaction, both the calculated enthalpy values must
    be added, so H (CuSO4 + 5H2O = CuSO4.5H2O) = -84.854 + 0 = -84.854 kJ mol-1
    Oakridge International School Harshith Kompally
    Class of 2015

    Conclusion and Evaluation


    Total Enthalpy value for the reaction: -84.854 kJ mol-1.
    Literature Value for this experiment -78.2 kJ mol-1.
    Hence, Percentage Error for this experiment:
    Theoretical Value + Experimental Value
    Theoretical Value 100

    84.854 + 78.200
    = 8.509
    78.200
    % error for this experiment = 8.509 %

    During conducting the experiment, the readings while collecting the amount of water might
    not have been taken at the meniscus, hence causing more water to be collected and having
    a negative effect on the heat created. Also heat might have been absorbed by the
    polystyrene cup resulting in a lower temperature of the reaction being recorded.
    To minimize these errors, repeating the experiment multiple times as well as taking the
    average readings would help, further reducing the possibility of random errors in the
    experiment.

    The uncertainties of the measuring apparatus are as follows:


    1. Measuring Cylinder:
    a. Absolute Uncertainty: 0.25 mL
    b. Percentage Uncertainty:
    i. For 25 mL: (0.25 / 25) 100 = 1.00%
    ii. For 24 mL: (0.25 / 24) 100 = 1.04%
    2. Electronic Balance:
    a. Absolute Uncertainty: 0.01 g
    b. Percentage Uncertainty:
    i. For 4 g: (0.01 / 4) 100 = 0.25%
    ii. For 6.25 g: (0.01 / 6.25) 100 = 0.16%
    3. Thermometer:
    a. Absolute Uncertainty: 0.5C
    b. Percentage Uncertainty: (0.5 / 18) 100 = 2.78%

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